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Illinois Water Resources CenterAnnual Technical Report

FY 2007

Illinois Water Resources Center Annual Technical Report FY 2007 1

Introduction

The Illinois Water Resources Center (IWRC) is located on the University of Illinois campus inUrbana−Champaign and serves people throughout Illinois. The state spans from the highly urban Chicagometro region in the northeast to rural southern Illinois and touches many of the central US's major water waysincluding the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River and the Ohio River.

In 2007, IWRC researchers, with funding from both 104B and 104G sources, completed 2 research projectsand continue working on an additional four. Outreach activities included two conferences, publication of anewsletter and web site, and interaction with other agencies through the Midwest Technology AssistanceCenter and the State Water Plan Task Force.

Introduction 1

Research Program Introduction

Research Program Introduction 1

Estimating shallow recharge and discharge in northeasternIllinois using GIS and pattern recognition procedure

Basic Information

Title:Estimating shallow recharge and discharge in northeastern Illinois using GIS andpattern recognition procedure

Project Number: 2004IL49G

Start Date: 9/1/2004

End Date: 12/31/2007

Funding Source:104G

CongressionalDistrict:

15

Research Category:Ground−water Flow and Transport

Focus Category:Groundwater, Methods, Models

Descriptors:

PrincipalInvestigators:

Yu−Feng Lin, Albert Joseph Valocchi

Publication

Lin Y−F., J. Wang, and A. J. Valocchi, In−review (Submission Date: 3/2/2008), PRO−GRADE: AGIS plug−in package for ground water recharge and discharge estimation, Ground Water.

1.

Lin Y−F., J. Wang, and A. J. Valocchi, Accepted (Submission Date: 2/1/2008), A New GIS Approachfor Estimating Shallow Groundwater Recharge and Discharge, Transaction in GIS.

2.

Lin Y−F., J. Wang, and A. J. Valocchi, 2008, Making Groundwater Recharge and Discharge EstimateMaps in One Day − An ArcGIS 9.2 application for water resources research, ArcUser, Winter 2008,Vol. 11, No. 1. p.32 − 35. http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0408/groundwater.html

3.

Lin Y−F., A. J. Valocchi, P. Bajcsy, J. Wang, A. Yahja and C. Kim, Conference Abstract and PosterPresentation, How to Estimate Groundwater Recharge and Discharge Maps in One Day: AFramework for Evaluation of Alternative Conceptual Models Using Interdisciplinary Information,Illinois Water Conference 2008, Champaign, IL, October 8 – 9, 2008,http://www.iisgcp.org/ilwater/index.htm

4.

Wang J., C. Kim, Y−F. Lin, A. J. Valocchi and P. Bajcsy, Conference Abstract and PosterPresentation, Development of Pattern Recognition and Learning Utilities for Groundwater Rechargeand Discharge Estimation and General Model Conceptualization, National Ground Water Association− 2008 Ground Water Summit, Memphis, TN, March 30 – April 3, 2008,http://ngwa.confex.com/ngwa/2008gws/techprogram/MEETING.HTM

5.

Lin Y−F., P. Bajcsy, A. J. Valocchi, C. Kim and J. Wang, Conference Abstract and PosterPresentation, Evaluation of Alternative Conceptual Models Using Interdisciplinary Information: AnApplication in Shallow Groundwater Recharge and Discharge, American Geophysical Union FallMeeting, San Francisco, CA, December 10 – 14, 2007, http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm07/

6.

Lin Y−F., R. J. Hunt, A. J. Valocchi, P. Bajcsy, J. Wang and C. Kim, Conference Abstract and OralPresentation, A New Modeling Approach Evolving from Stoertz’s Inspiration: Water Balance, PatternRecognition and Initial Model Conceptualization, The Geological Society of America AnnualMeeting 2007, Denver, CO, October 28 – 31, 2007, http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/2007/

7.

Lin Y−F., C. Kim, P. Bajcsy, J. Wang and A. J. Valocchi, Conference Abstract and PosterPresentation, Development of Pattern Recognition and Learning Utilities for Shallow Groundwater

8.

Estimating shallow recharge and discharge in northeastern Illinois using GIS and pattern recognition procedure1

Recharge and Discharge Estimation in Semi−Humid Regions Using Multiple Data Sources, TheGeological Society of America Annual Meeting 2007, Denver, CO, October 28 – 31, 2007,http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/2007/Lin Y−F., C. Kim, P. Bajcsy, J. Wang and A. J. Valocchi, Conference Abstract and PosterPresentation, Development of Pattern Recognition and Learning Utilities for Groundwater Rechargeand Discharge Estimation, the Sixth Annual UIUC Earth Research Review, Champaign, IL, April 27,2007.

9.

Lin Y−F., P. Bajcsy, J. Wang, A. J. Valocchi and R. J. Hunt, 2006, Conference Abstract and OralPresentation, Development of Point−to−Zone Pattern Recognition and Learning Utilities forGroundwater Recharge and Discharge Estimation, Conference Abstract, The Geological Society ofAmerica Annual Meeting 2006, Philadelphia, PA.

10.

J. Wang, Lin Y−F., C−H Huang, A. J. Valocchi, R. J. Hunt and X. Cai, 2006, Conference Abstractand the Best Student Poster by Jihua Wang, Development of an Image−Processing Tool forGroundwater Recharge and Discharge Estimation, Illinois Water 2006 Conference, Urbana, IL.

11.

Lin Y−F., J. Wang, R. J. Hunt, A. J. Valocchi and X. Cai, 2005, Conference Abstract and OralPresentation, Development of a GIS Tool for Groundwater Recharge and Discharge Estimation, TheGeological Society of America Annual Meeting 2005, Salt Lake City, UT.

12.

Lin Y−F., J. Wang, R. J. Hunt, A. J. Valocchi and X. Cai, 2005, Conference Abstract and OralPresentation, Computer Aided Estimation of Groundwater Recharge and Discharge Using GIS and aPattern Recognition Procedure, The 50th Midwest Ground Water Conference, Urbana, IL

13.

Estimating shallow recharge and discharge in northeastern Illinois using GIS and pattern recognition procedure2

Lin, Valocchi & Hunt 1 4/28/08

IWRC Annual and Final Report to NIWR-USGS-104G Program

April, 2008

Problem and Research Objectives

Evaluations of water availability and the management of water resources require quantifying the interaction between components of the hydrologic cycle, including the rates and variability of recharge and discharge to aquifers. These recharge and discharge rates define the relationships among groundwater, precipitation, and surface water, and thus can restrict management options for water supply. The management of water resources in northeastern Illinois is complicated by interstate agreements, hydraulically coupled aquifer systems, natural and anthropogenic contamination, groundwater / surface water interaction, and conjunctive use of multiple resources. This research has developed an automated computer software system implementing several methods of estimating and mapping recharge and discharge, and has applied the resulting software to improve the understanding of spatial variability of shallow recharge and discharge in northeastern Illinois, thereby addressing a research priority of national importance and of broad interest.

Methodology

The first task addressed the development of a pattern recognition utility to identify recharge zones within noisy spatial data and estimate recharge and discharge rates for each zone. The utility is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool, compatible with ArcGIS 9.X (ESRI, 2001), that implements several advanced image-processing methods and couples these to the recharge and discharge estimation codes of Stoertz and Bradbury (1989), Bradbury et al. (2000), and Lin and Anderson (2003). The software has been tested using a dataset from the Buena Vista Groundwater Basin in the Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin, a well-understood system for which calibrated groundwater flow models are available (Stoertz and Bradbury, 1989; Lin and Anderson, 2003).

The software has been delivered to the Wisconsin Water Science Center, USGS to improve a USGS internal project (Krohelski et al., 2003) in Wisconsin to determine trends (spatial and temporal) in recharge rates and investigate dominant recharge processes occurring in selected undeveloped, agricultural, and urban watersheds. This approach also has been used to assist in the estimation and mapping of recharge and discharge for the groundwater models of several water resource assessments in Illinois (e.g., Meyer et al., 2002). Previous studies for regional recharge and discharge in this region were limited and the software has been applied to estimate recharge and discharge to the shallow aquifers within a much shorter preparation time than current methods.

Principal Findings and Significance

Software release for PRO-GRADE: the Pattern Recognition Organizer (PRO-GIS) and Groundwater Recharge And Discharge Estimator for Geographic Information Systems (GRADE-GIS) was announced at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting 2007 in Denver, Colorado. PRO-GRADE is a software package that includes two GIS plug-in tools for image and map pattern recognition and groundwater recharge and discharge estimation for 2D steady-state conditions. Two executable programs, user’s manuals, example cases, and an ISWS

Lin, Valocchi & Hunt 2 4/28/08

website for public download were completed and published online in October, 2007. URL: http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/gws/sware/prograde/

PRO-GRADE was tested using a dataset from the Buena Vista Groundwater Basin coupled with post-processors using MODFLOW 2000 (Harbaugh et al., 2000) and PEST (Doherty, 2005). This test procedure is similar to the process suggested by Lin and Anderson (2003) for comparing with their results. The similarity of results from both studies was published in a journal paper (Lin et al., in-review) to demonstrate the validity of the PRO-GRADE computations. For example, the flux error in this study is much smaller than the three cases from the previous study by Lin and Anderson (2003). Using the recharge and discharge map generated by PRO-GRADE, prior information and additional parameters were not necessary for efficient calibration like in the previous study because the map has more detailed and reliable patterns resulting from application of more superior image-processing methods and comparisons with ancillary field information (such as the National Hydrography Dataset, soil type and land slope). It is expected that the results from the PRO-GRADE approach are superior to the previous studies since improvement of computational algorithms (e.g., PRO-GRADE) and hardware enables users to generate more complex and accurate patterns with less preparation and computing time than before.

The application of estimating a recharge and discharge map of Kane County in northeast Illinois was very challenging due to the hydrogeological complexity of the shallow aquifer system and groundwater / surface water interactions (Meyer et al., 2002). There were several approaches used to generate alternative water table surfaces in order to use GRADE-GIS, which is only applicable to 2D systems. Several alternative recharge and discharge maps were generated using PRO-GRADE based on the various water table surface inputs. The comparison of the recharge and discharge maps in ArcGIS showed a great degree of consistency in recharge and discharge patterns from all alternative maps. The refinement of alternative recharge and discharge maps was easily performed based on the consistency of the patterns. The refined alternative recharge and discharge maps have been used as the initial conditions of recharge and discharge for several groundwater modeling studies in northeast Illinois.

In brief, PRO-GIS has the ancillary benefit of providing pattern recognition functions supporting virtually any Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) used in land and water resources management. By coupling with GRADE-GIS, initial recharge and discharge maps and rates can be quickly generated using widely-available geospatial and hydrologic data. This fast production of initial alternative maps can be used as initial conditions for numerical models, screening tools for selection of alternative models, and guidelines for field study planning and decision making in a timely manner.

Carbonaceous Material Fractions in Sediments and TheirEffect on the Sorption and Persistence of OrganicPollutants in Small Urban Watersheds

Basic Information

Title:Carbonaceous Material Fractions in Sediments and Their Effect on the Sorption andPersistence of Organic Pollutants in Small Urban Watersheds



End Date: 8/31/2008

Funding Source:104G


15th Illinois

ResearchCategory:

Water Quality

Focus Category:Non Point Pollution, Sediments, Water Quality

Descriptors:


Charles J. Werth, Barbara June Mahler, Peter Chapman Van Metre

Publication

Yang, Y., C. J. Werth, 2006, Carbonaceous material fractions in sediments and their effect on thesorption and persistence of organic pollutants in small urban watersheds in the 12th AnnualEnvironmental Engineering and Science Spring Symposium, the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL,49.

1.

Yang, Y., C. J. Werth, 2005, Carbonaceous material fractions in sediments and their effect on thesorption and persistence of organic pollutants in small urban watersheds in the11th AnnualEnvironmental Engineering and Science Spring Symposium, the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL,23.

2.

Werth, C.J., Yang, Y., Jeong, S., Ligouis, B., and Razzaque, M., 2008, Measurement of Black CarbonContents in Soils, Surface Water Sediments, and Groundwater Sediments Using Chemical Treatment,Petrographic, and Thermal Oxidation Methods, the 235th American Chemical Society (ACS)National Meeting, New Orleans, LA,

3.

Yang, Y., Werth, C. J., Ligouis, B., and Razzaque, M., 2007, Particulate Carbonaceous Materials: Onthe Trail of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a Small Urban Watershed, Society ofEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) North America 28th Annual Meeting,Milwaukee, WI.

4.

Yang, Y., C. J. Werth, P.C. Van Metre, B.J. Mahler, J.T. Wilson, B. Ligouis, M. Razzaque, 2007, Therole of carbonaceous materials in the fate of PAHs in an urban watershed in European GeosciencesUnion General Assembly 2007, Vienna, Austria.

5.

Werth, C.J., Y. Yang, P.C. Van Metre, B.J. Mahler, M. Razzaque, 2007, Watershed−scale processesthat affect pollutant partitioning, transport and fate, Biogeochemistry workshop, Tuebingen,Germany.

6.

Wilson, J.T., Van Metre, P.C., Werth, C.J., and Yang, Y., 2006, Particle−associated contaminants instreet dust, parking lot dust, soil, lake−bottom sediment, and suspended and streambed sediment,

7.

Carbonaceous Material Fractions in Sediments and Their Effect on the Sorption and Persistence of Organic Pollutants in Small Urban Watersheds1

Lake Como and Fosdic Lake watersheds, Fort Worth, Texas, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey DataSeries 211, 24 p.

Carbonaceous Material Fractions in Sediments and Their Effect on the Sorption and Persistence of Organic Pollutants in Small Urban Watersheds2

1

Illinois Water Resources Center

Annual Report

Spring 2008

Title: Carbonaceous Material Fractions in Sediments and Their Effect on the Sorption and

Persistence of Organic Pollutants in Small Urban Watersheds

Principal Investigators: Charles J. Werth, Peter C. Van Metre, and Barbara J. Mahler

Research Categories: Water Quality

Problem and Research Objectives:

Particle-associated contaminants (PACs), including chlorinated organic compounds, trace

elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are an important contributor to urban

non-point source pollution across the Nation. Occurrence of PACs has resulted in the impairment

of thousands of streams, lakes, and reservoirs. In the past decade, researchers at the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) investigated the extent to which the contaminant concentrations and

trends recorded in sediment cores were associated with suspended sediment in influent streams

(VanMetre et al., 1997; Jeong and Werth, 2005).Van Metre and Mahler (Van Metre and Mahler,

2004) indicated that in small urban watersheds, concentrations of some PACs on suspended

sediment in influent streams can greatly exceed those in bed sediment in the downstream

reservoir, and that trends may not be preserved in cores for some PACs. Their observations

present a problem for effective sediment monitoring and best management practices for

mitigating PAC occurrence. Although the significant loss of contaminants during transport and

soon after deposition has been attributed to the solubilization of some contaminants, and the

solubilization and mineralization of some solid-phase carbonaceous materials (CMs), relatively

little is known about the role played by CMs in the transport and fate of PACs in small urban

watersheds.

In this research, we focus on one class of PACs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

(PAHs). PAHs have been a major concern regarding public health and environmental impact

because of their widespread occurrence in the environment, as well as carcinogenic and

mutagenic properties. Concentrations of PAHs have been increasing in recent decades in many

urban lakes and streams, particularly in areas with rapid urbanization (Van Metre and Mahler,

2005). PAHs strongly sorb to solid particles and enter receiving water bodies with storm runoff through impervious surfaces or storm sewers in urban watersheds, as well as by atmospheric

deposition. We hypothesized that CM particles are the primary carriers of PAHs in urban

watersheds and control the persistence of PAHs as they undergo transport from the land surface

into receiving water bodies, and deposition and burial as sediments.

The overall objective of this study is to determine how CM fractions affect the

persistence of PACs, with a focus on PAHs in small urban watersheds. The specific objectives

are 1) to determine the origin, distribution and properties of CM particles in urban soils,

pavement dust, and suspended stream particles, and in lake sediments after settling,

accumulation, and burial, 2) to determine the CM particles that concentrate, transport, and retain

PAHs in urban watersheds, and 3) to elucidate the relationships between CM properties, PAH

sorption to CMs, and PAH redistribution among CMs.

2

Methodology: This research project consists of three phases.

Phase I: Sampling and PAC analysis.

Lake Como and Fosdic Lake watersheds in Fort Worth, Texas were chosen to be urban

“laboratories”. Samples of lake sediments, suspended sediments and bed sediments in influent

streams, soils, street dust, and parking lot dust were collected from each watershed. Except

suspended sediments, one split of the samples was used for PACs analysis, and the other split

was used for CM fractionation, characterization, and sorption in our laboratory.

Phase II: Enrichment and characterization of CM fractions.

All Lake Como and Fosdic Lake samples, except suspended sediments (due to sample

mass limitations), were separated into light (LFr) and heavy fractions (HFr) with a sodium

polytungstate solution (density = 1.6 g/cm3). The HFr fractions of Lake Como samples were

subjected to a series of chemical treatment steps to obtain sub-samples enriched in different CM

fractions (Jeong and Werth, 2005). Chemical treatment steps are sequential exposure to HCl and

HF to remove inorganic minerals and acid soluble organic materials, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)

to remove easily hydrolysable organic materials, NaOH to remove humic and fulvic acids, and

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 to remove the more recalcitrant kerogen and humin. Soot carbon (SC) contents

in samples were determined by a chemothermal oxidation method (CTO-375) (Gustafsson et al.,

1997). To evaluate the recalcitrance of coal tar pitch and asphalt, which are common

anthropogenic CM particles in urban paved surface, a commercially available coal tar pitch and

asphalt were also subjected to the same series of chemical treatment steps and CTO-375

treatment. Organic petrographic analalysis was applied to all Lake Como samples to quantify the

types and amounts of different CM particles. The organic carbon contents of all bulk samples

and sub-samples were determined by elemental analysis. Surface functional groups were

analyzed with a diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The

specific surface area (SSA) is being measured with the multipoint Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)

method using an Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry system (ASAP 2010). The

distribution of aliphalic and aromatic carbon will be determined with cross-polarization (CP) and

magic-angel-spinning (MAS) 13

C NMR.

Native PAH loadings on all LFr and HFr fractions of Fosdic Lake samples were extracted

with a Dionex accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system and analyzed with a Varian gas

chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) following EPA methods 3545 and 8270c. Selected

types of CM particles from these samples will be isolated under a microscope, and the PAH

loadings on these isolated CM particles will be analyzed for comparison. This will allow us to

determine on what CMs the native PAHs concentrate, and whether this corresponds to the CMs

that have the highest sorption capacity. If the two do not correspond, then redistribution of

PAHs during transport and burial is likely.

Phase III: Measurement and prediction of sorption for PAHs

Sorption isotherms were measured with 14

C- phenanthrene at 25°C using established

batch equilibrium method (Xia and Ball, 1999). Sorbents include bulk samples and sub-samples

from both watersheds. The phenanthrene distribution coefficient in asphalt will also be

determined for modeling purpose. The sorption isotherms and the surface properties

characterized in Phase II will be used to predict PAH sorption capacities of CM particles and to

identify mechanisms that control the persistence of PAHs in urban reservoirs. The sorption

3

isotherms and the PAH loadings on LFr and HFr fractions of Fosdic Lake samples will be used

to evaluate the PAH distribution among CMs.

Principal Findings and Significance: The measured SSA, Freundlich isotherm parameters, and organic carbon normalized

sorption coefficients (log Koc) of bulk samples, LFr and HFr fractions, and/or condensed

carbonaceous material (CCM) fractions of HFr (i.e., HFr-CCM, heavy fractions after treatment

through NaOH extraction) from the Lake Como watershed are presented in Table 1. Bulk

sediment samples have the greatest SSA, likely due to the presence of relatively large amounts of

clay minerals. Bulk dust samples (e.g., residential street, sealed parking lot, and unsealed parking

lot dust) have the lowest SSA. This makes sense because asphalt and coal tar pitch have low

porosity, and petrographic analysis results (presented last year) show that these materials are the

dominant CMs in dust samples from residential streets and sealed and unsealed parking lots. SSA

values for bulk samples were compared to Freundlich sorption coefficients (Kf) and no

correlation was observed; this implies that adsorption is not the dominant sorption mechanism in

our samples.

Last year we reported isotherms for bulk samples and LFr and HFr fractions of Lake

Como (Table 1), and they were all approximately linear. This year isotherms were determined

for HFr-CCMs, and again they were nearly linear (Table 1). This indicates partitioning is the

dominant sorption mechanism. The Freundlich sorption coefficients (Kf) of HFr-CMMs are

about 16-45 times of those of HFr, and up to 81 times greater than those of bulk samples, largely

due to the enriched carbon contents of these samples. The Koc values of HFr-CCM are about 1.4-

2.8 times greater than those of HFr, and approximately equal to those for the sealed parking lot

dust sample. This implies that the condensed CMs occupy a larger fraction of the HFr in sealed

parking lot dust than in other samples. This is consistent with results reported last year, which

showed highest organic carbon mass in sealed parking lot dust after treatment through NaOH

extraction.

The sorption contributions of CM fractions in bulk samples were determined by assuming

that, at a fixed aqueous concentration, the mass sorbed to each fraction i is the same when this

fraction is alone, or part of the bulk sample. Mathematically, we define the sorption contribution

of fraction i at a given concentration C as:

100%i

bulk

qSorption Contribution of Fraction i

q= × (1)

where i

i

n

i F iq K C m= ×

and mi is the mass percentage of fraction i in bulk samples. The sorption contribution of HFr-

CCM and HFr fractions of all samples at the equilibrium concentration of 10 µg/L are shown in

Figure 1. The equilibrium concentration of 10 µg/L was chosen based on the PAH source study

by Mahler et al. (2005). They reported that the concentrations of dissolved PAHs in runoff from

coal tar sealed parking lots ranged from 2.3-16 µg/L (Mahler et al., 2005). The sorption

contributions of untreated HFr fractions to the bulk samples are greater than 77% due to their

relatively large mass contents and organic carbon contents. Sorption contributions over 100%

suggest that CMs with higher sorptivity may have been exposed by physical shaking during

density separation. The sorption contributions of the HFr-CCMs to the bulk samples are between

4

57% and 97%, and six of eight are above 80%. Hence, sorption of phenanthrene to the bulk

samples is controlled by sorption to the condensed CMs in the HFr fractions.

Table 1. Sorption isotherm parameters, organic carbon contents (foc), and specific surface area

(SSA) of bulk samples and sub-samples from Lake Como watershed.

Kf (ug/L)/(ug/g)

n

n foc

(%)

SSA (m

2/g)

log Koc

(L/kgC)

Bulk 2.01 0.91 3.92 9.1728±0.0624 4.43

LFr 18.08 0.91 26.20 - 4.66

HFr 1.74 0.93 3.55 - 4.48

COM 0-5 sediment

HFr-CCM* 76.02 0.94 59.67 - 4.90

Bulk 2.38 0.97 4.71 9.3070±0.0567 4.63

LFr 19.20 0.91 23.90 - 4.74 HFr 2.18 0.95 4.13 - 4.55

COM 10-15 sediment

HFr-CCM 61.43 0.99 62.88 - 4.93

Bulk 2.68 0.96 4.93 7.7571±0.0456 4.65

LFr 17.01 0.92 27.00 - 4.56

HFr 2.29 0.98 4.99 - 4.62

COM 25-30 sediment

HFr-CCM 57.64 1.00 62.91 - 4.88

Bulk 1.35 0.93 2.87 0.6678±0.0097 4.54

LFr 7.84 0.99 38.58 - 4.45

HFr 1.28 0.93 1.53 - 4.76

Resid. St. Dust

HFr-CCM 61.34 0.99 63.22 - 4.90

Bulk 3.76 0.94 4.20 0.2026±0.0146 4.86

LFr 15.77 0.94 39.71 - 4.50

HFr 2.97 0.94 3.64 - 4.83

Sealed Pkng. Lot Dust

HFr-CCM 46.70 1.00 72.45 - 4.84

Bulk 0.92 1.00 2.78 0.4877±0.0054 4.51

LFr 11.49 0.95 34.30 - 4.53

HFr 1.11 0.97 1.55 - 4.81

Unsealed Pkng. Lot Dust

HFr-CCM 58.08 0.99 65.54 - 4.99

Bulk 0.62 0.95 2.80 3.8070±0.014 4.25

LFr 7.21 0.93 26.14 - 4.23

HFr 0.81 0.90 2.10 - 4.43

Resid. Soil

HFr-CCM 50.50 0.96 54.46 - 4.87

Bulk 0.92 0.94 4.00 5.2407±0.0171 4.44

LFr 6.69 0.96 31.14 - 4.42

HFr 1.00 0.93 3.20 - 4.52

Comm. Soil

HFr-CCM 36.46 0.98 51.22 - 4.83

* Represents condensed carbonaceous materials in HFr which were obtained by treatment with HCl/HF, TFA, and

NaOH.

5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed Pkng.

Lot Dust

Unsealed

Pkng. Lot

Dust

Resid. Soil Comm. Soil Como 0-

5cm

Como 10-

15cm

Como 25-

30cm

So

rpti

on

Co

ntr

ibu

tio

n (

%) Bulk HFr HFr-CCM

Figure 1. Sorption contribution by heavy fraction (HFr) and condensed CMs in heavy fractions

(HFr-CMM) at an equilibrium concentration of Ce = 10 ug/L.

DR-FTIR spectra of bulk samples and HFr-CMMs are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The

spectra of all bulk samples are quite similar in terms of peak positions and relative intensities.

All bulk samples have peaks derived from alcohol and phenol O-H stretching (3640-3610 cm-1),

methyl C-H stretching (2920 cm-1), methylene C-H stretching (2850 cm-1), carboxylic acid O-H

stretching (~2500 cm-1), C=O stretching (~1800 cm-1), conjugated aromatic systems

(1590~1610 cm-1), aliphatic C-H bending (~1450 cm-1), C-O stretching (1040-1300 cm-1), and

aromatic out of plane bending with different degrees of substitution (900-700 cm-1) (Jeong and

Werth, 2005; Ran et al., 2007).

6

Figure 2. DR-FTIR spectra of bulk samples from Lake Como watershed (LS 0-5, LS 10-15, LS

25-30, RS, CS, RSD, SPD, and UPD represent lake sediments from 0-5 cm depth, lake sediments

from 10-15 cm depth, lake sediments from 25-30 cm depth, residential soil, commercial soil,

residential street dust, sealed parking lot dust, and unsealed parking lot dust, respectively).

DR-FTIR spectra of HFr-CMMs (Figure 3) are markedly different from those of the bulk

samples (Figure 2). The spectra of HFr-CMMs for soils and sediments are generally similar, and

those for the three dust samples are similar. For sealed parking lot samples, a significant

difference can be observed on the location of aromatic C-H stretching (3100-3000 cm-1),

indicating the abundance of aromatic compounds in coal tar pitch. Consistent with Ran et al.

(2007), after chemical treatment with HF/HCl, TFA, and NaOH, peaks for the aliphatic (2920

and 2850 cm-1) and conjugated aromatic groups (1590~1610 cm-1) are stronger than other

groups. The aromatic carbonyl/carboxyl C=O stretching (1704 cm-1) indicates the condensed

CMs have some aromatic acids and aldehydes. Although this peak is weaker than nearby

conjugated aromatic systems (1590~1610 cm-1) in soil and sediment samples, the difference is

smaller in dust samples, suggesting that dust samples have relatively more aromatic acids and

aldehydes. The aromatic out of plane bending (900-700 cm-1) is obviously stronger in dust

samples, similar to the signature peaks observed in coal tar pitch and asphalt in a previous study

(Alcaniz-Monge et al., 2001). However, the relative intensities of these peaks among three dust

samples are not the same. The peak at 800 cm-1 is more intense in the sealed parking lot dust

than in residential street dust and unsealed parking lot dust. This may indicate the difference of

the relative abundance of coal tar and asphalt in these samples.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.65

0.70

0.75

Ab

so

rba

nce

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Wavenumbers (cm-1)

LS 0-5

RS CS

RSD

SPD

LS 10-15

LS 25-30

UPD

7

Figure 3. DR-FTIR spectra of condensed CMs in HFr fractions from Lake Como (LS 0-5, LS 10-

15, LS 25-30, RS, CS, RSD, SPD, and UPD represent lake sediment at depth of 0-5 cm, lake

sediment at depth of 10-15 cm, lake sediment at depth of 25-30 cm, residential soil, commercial

soil, residential street dust, sealed parking lot dust, and unsealed parking lot dust, respectively).

The concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs in density separated LFr and HFr fractions of

samples from Fosdic Lake watershed were analyzed and only the total PAH concentrations are

presented in Figure 4. Except the commercial soil, total PAH concentrations are 4-27 times

higher in LFr fractions than in HFr fractions due to the higher organic carbon contents in LFr

fractions (Table 2). However, most PAHs are associated with HFr fractions (>65%) in all

samples (Figure 5). This can be attributed to the dominant mass (>92%) and dominant organic

carbon mass (>70%) in HFr fractions for most samples (Figure 6 and 7). Our results are different

from what was observed in two estuarial sediments from NY/NJ Harbor by Rockne et al. (2002).

In their study, 54% and 85% of PAHs were associated with low density fractions that represent

15% and 3.6% of total sediment mass, and 22% and 34% of total organic carbon mass. This

suggests that not only the amount of CMs but also the type, properties, and sorption capacity of

CMs determine the distribution of PAHs. It is expected that CMs in urban watershed samples

and estuarial harbor sediments are different in compostions and properties because they come

from different source materials and age under different environmental conditions. The source-

determined PAH compositions play an import role as well. These may also be the reasons why

more than 75% of PAHs are associated with HFr of residential street dust which represents less

than 35% of total organic carbon in the sample (Figure 5 and 7).

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

Ab

so

rba

nce

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Wavenumbers (cm-1)

LS 0-5

LS 10-15

LS 25-30

RS

CS

RSD

SPD

UPD

Aromatic C-H Stretching

8

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed

Pkng. Lot

Dust

Unsealed

Pkng. Lot

Dust

Resid. Soil Comm. soil FOS 0-5

cm

FOS 15-20

cm

FOS 25-30

cm

Co

nc

en

tra

tio

n (

ug

/g) HFr LFr

Figure 4. Concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs in LFr and HFr fractions of Fosdic Lake watershed

samples.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed

Pkng Lot

Dust

Unsealed

Pkng Lot

Dust

Resid. Soil Comm. Soil FOS 0-5 cm FOS 15-20

cm

FOS 25-30

cm

Perc

en

tag

e o

f T

ota

l P

AH

s (

%)

LFr

HFr

Figure 5.Distribution of total 16 EPA PAHs in LFr and HFr fraction of Fosdic Lake watershed

samples.

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed Pkng

Lot Dust

Unsealed

Pkng Lot

Dust


cm

FOS 25-30

cm

Mass F

racti

on

(%

)

LFr

HFr

Figure 6. Mass fractions of LFr and HFr of samples from Fosdic Lake watershed.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed

Pkng Lot

Dust

Unsealed

Pkng Lot

Dust


cm

FOS 25-30

cm

Fra

cti

on

of

OC

(%

)

LFr

HFr

Figure 7. Organic carbon (OC) fractions in LFr and HFr fractions of samples from Fosdic Lake

watershed.

10

Sorption isotherms were also measured with HFr and LFr fractions of the Fosdic Lake

watershed samples; linear isotherms (n>0.90, Table 2) were obtained similar to those from the

Lake Como watershed. The logKoc values of HFr fractions are higher than those of LFr fractions,

and the difference is the greatest for residential street dust samples. It is reasonable to assume

that more condensed CMs which have stronger sorption capacity are associated with HFr than

with LFr in our samples even though further experiment and verification is still needed. In

contrast, Rockne et al. (2002) reported that logKoc values of low density fractions were

approximately 10 times higher than those of high density fractions in their estuarial sediment

samples. Although the results of our study are different from those of Rockne et al.(2002), the

conclusion is the same that the majority of native PAHs are associated with the fraction of CMs

that have higher sorption capacity.

Table 2. Sorption isotherm parameters and organic carbon contents (foc) of LFr and HFr fractions

from Fosdic Lake watershed.

Kf (ug/L)/(ug/g)

n

n foc

(%) log Koc

(L/kgC)

LFr 7.54 0.99 35.87 4.28 FOS 0-5 sediment

HFr 2.19 0.97 7.87 4.44

LFr 7.94 0.98 30.11 4.44 FOS 10-15 sediment

HFr 2.95 0.99 6.86 4.61

LFr 6.88 0.99 32.32 4.41 FOS 25-30 sediment

HFr 2.64 0.95 7.82 4.44

LFr 8.04 0.95 30.09 4.28 Resid. St. Dust

HFr 1.72 0.91 1.35 4.86

LFr 15.12 0.99 44.34 4.46 Sealed Pkng. Lot Dust

HFr 2.96 0.94 3.84 4.65

LFr 12.44 0.99 33.76 4.46 Unsealed Pkng. Lot Dust

HFr 2.25 0.90 1.64 4.81

LFr 8.99 0.95 27.96 4.46 Resid. Soil

HFr 1.47 0.92 2.21 4.65

LFr 8.53 0.95 24.86 4.40 Comm. Soil

HFr 2.11 0.93 3.73 4.57

11

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Resid. St.

Dust

Sealed

Pkng Lot

Dust

Unsealed

Pkng Lot

Dust


cm

FOS 25-30

cm

So

rpti

on

Co

ntr

ibu

tio

n (

%)

LFr

HFr

Figure 8. Relative sorption contribution of LFr and HFr fractions of Fosdic Lake watershed

samples at an equilibrium concentration of Ce = 10 µg/L.

Relative sorption contributions of LFr and HFr were calculated using:

100%i

i

qRelative Sorption Contribution of Fraction i

q= ×

Σ (2)

The results are shown in Figure 8. HFr fractions dominate sorption with contributions more than

67%. This suggests that redistribution of PAHs between LFr and HFr is not likely and HFr

fractions concentrate, transport, and retain the majority of total PAHs in urban watersheds. The

sorption contributions of HFr fractions are generally higher in sediments than in soil and dust

samples. A similar trend was also observed in the distribution of native PAHs between the two

fractions (Figure 5). This suggests that relatively more PAHs are concentrated in HFr as well as

CMs when they are carried by particles, transported from land surface to the lake, and buried in

sediments.

The facts that the majority of the total PAHs are preferentially associated with heavy

particles in soils, pavement dust, and sediments, and they tend to concentrate more in heavy

particles during transport have potential implications for sediment management.

Notable Achievements

Condensed CMs in heavy particles contain more aromatic functional groups than less condensed

CMs, and they control the sorption and distribution of PAHs in small urban watersheds.

Partitioning and not adsorption controls the sorption of PAHs in land surface and lake sediment

particles of an urban watershed.

PAHs redistribution between light and heavy particles is not likely during transport and burial as

sediments in the urban lake.

Relatively more PAHs are associated with heavy particles when they are transported with runoff

and deposited into urban streams and lakes.

13

References

Alcaniz-Monge, J., Cazorla-Amoros, D., and Linares-Solano, A. (2001) Characterisation of coal

tar pitches by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and solvent fractionation. Fuel 80: 41-48.

Gustafsson, O., Haghseta, F., Chan, C., MacFarlane, J., and Gschwend, P.M. (1997)

Quantification of the dilute sedimentary soot phase: Implications for PAH speciation and

bioavailability. Environmental Science & Technology 31: 203-209.

Jeong, S., and Werth, C.I. (2005) Evaluation of methods to obtain geosorbent fractions enriched

in carbonaceous materials that affect hydrophobic organic chemical sorption. Environmental

Science & Technology 39: 3279-3288.

Mahler, B.J., Van Metre, P.C., Bashara, T.J., Wilson, J.T., and Johns, D.A. (2005) Parking lot

sealcoat: An unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental


Ran, Y., Sun, K., Yang, Y., Xing, B.S., and Zeng, E. (2007) Strong sorption of phenanthrene by

condensed organic matter in soils and sediments. Environmental Science & Technology 41:

3952-3958.

Rockne, K.J., Shor, L.M., Young, L.Y., Taghon, G.L., and Kosson, D.S. (2002) Distributed

sequestration and release of PAHs in weathered sediment: The role of sediment structure and

organic carbon properties. Environmental Science & Technology 36: 2636-2644.

Van Metre, P.C., and Mahler, B.J. (2004) Contaminant trends in reservoir sediment cores as

records of influent stream quality. Environmental Science & Technology 38: 2978-2986.

Van Metre, P.C., and Mahler, B.J. (2005) Trends in hydrophobic organic contaminants in urban

and reference lake sediments across the United States, 1970-2001. Environmental Science &

Technology 39: 5567-5574.

VanMetre, P.C., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C. (1997) Historical trends in organochlorine

compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs. Environmental


Xia, G.S., and Ball, W.P. (1999) Adsorption-partitioning uptake of nine low-polarity organic

chemicals on a natural sorbent. Environmental Science & Technology 33: 262-269.

The Flow Dimension of Groundwater Resources inNortheastern Illinois

Basic Information

Title:The Flow Dimension of Groundwater Resources in NortheasternIllinois

Project Number: 2005IL62B


End Date: 3/1/2007

Funding Source:104B

Congressional District:15

Research Category:Ground−water Flow and Transport

Focus Category:Groundwater, Water Supply, Methods

Descriptors:

Principal Investigators: Douglas D. Walker, Albert Joseph Valocchi

Publication

Walker, D. D., P. A. Cello, R. M. Roberts, and A. J. Valocchi, 2007. Screening Models of AquiferHeterogeneity Using the Flow Dimension, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec, 2007.

1.

Cello, P. A., D. D. Walker, A. J. Valocchi, and B. Loftis, 2007. Flow Dimension and AnomalousDiffusion Coefficient as Potential Indicators of the Connectivity of a Fractured Aquifer, AGU FallMeeting, San Francisco, Dec, 2007.

2.

Walker, D. D., and R. M. Roberts, 2007. Reply to Comment by Chia−Shyun Chen and I. Y. Liu on“Flow dimensions corresponding to hydrogeologic conditions”, Water Resources Research, vol. 43,no. 2, W02602, doi:10.1029/2006WR005781.

3.

The Flow Dimension of Groundwater Resources in Northeastern Illinois 1

Illinois Water Resources Center Final Report 2007

Problem and Research Objectives: Characterizing groundwater flow and contaminant transport in fractured rock aquifers is complicated by their highly heterogeneous nature, translating into uncertainties in managing groundwater resources. An alternative approach to interpreting aquifer tests is the Generalized Radial Flow (GRF) approach, which infers the geometry of groundwater flow via an additional parameter, the flow dimension, which describes the effective flow area and how it changes with the radius of investigation. This research will elucidate the relationship between aquifer heterogeneity and the flow dimension, with the specific focus on the characteristics of fractured dolomite aquifers that are part of the groundwater resources in northeastern Illinois. Methodology: The principle tasks of this research are: 1. Reinterpret existing aquifer test data from ISWS archives to infer the range of flow dimensions observed for fractured dolomite aquifers in northeastern Illinois. This task will use nSIGHTS, an advanced software package created by Sandia National Laboratories for the analysis of hydraulic tests. 2. Enhance the Monte Carlo simulation to include additional statistical analyses and thus help define the relationships between the flow dimension and aquifer parameters. Determining the flow dimensions for complex models of aquifer heterogeneity requires a Monte Carlo analysis of numerical models. In collaboration with and funded in part by NCSA, the ISWS has adapted public domain programs for geostatistical simulation (GSLIB) and transient groundwater flow (MODFLOW2000) to estimate the expected value and variability of the flow dimension for an aquifer test in candidate models of heterogeneity. The computational burden of this analysis is managed through the use of the NCSA TeraGrid set of distributed computing resources. 3. Manually calibrate the parameters of candidate models until the results of the Monte Carlo simulation reproduce the observed flow dimensions. Note: A six-month, no-cost extension of this project was approved on February 15, 2007. This changes the completion date to August 31, 2007. Principle Findings and Significance: During the second year of this two-year project, we have used nSIGHTS to determine the flow dimensions for 10 aquifer tests from the ISWS archives (Task 1). We have continued using the Monte Carlo simulator to determine the flow dimensions of candidate models of aquifer heterogeneity (Task 2). The results this year indicate the following:

1. Aquifer tests in fractured dolomites have apparent flow dimensions ranging from 1.44 to 2.05 with an average of 1.7.

2. Several commonly used models of aquifer heterogeneity do not produce the flow dimensions observed in aquifer tests of fractured dolomite aquifers, even over a wide range of parameters for those models.

3. Site percolation networks can produce the flow dimensions of fractured dolomites, at least temporarily.

4. Fracture networks (Boolean models) also appear to be able to produce the flow dimensions of fractured dolomites. Ongoing work is helping to establish how the parameters of this model are related to the flow dimension.

The finding that the flow dimension appears to be associated with network models is significant because these networks have fractal characteristics, and as such, would have dramatically different contaminant transport than is found in the more traditional models of aquifer heterogeneity.

Evaluating Alternatives for Watershed−Scale Design ofBMPs

Basic Information

Title: Evaluating Alternatives for Watershed−Scale Design of BMPs



End Date: 8/15/2008

Funding Source:104G

Congressional District:12th District, IL

Research Category:Engineering

Focus Category:Management and Planning, Hydrology, Models

Descriptors:

Principal Investigators: John William Nicklow

Publication

Kaini, P., K. Artita, J. Nicklow, 2007, Evaluating optimal detention pond locations at a watershedscale, in Proceedings of the 2007 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, CD−ROM.

1.

Artita, K.S., P. Kaini, and J.W. Nicklow, 2008, Generating alternative watershed−scale BMP designswith evolutionary algorithms, in Proceedings of the 2008 World Environmental and Water ResourcesCongress, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, CD−ROM (in press).

2.

Kaini, P., K.S. Artita, and J.W. Nicklow, 2008, Designing BMPs at a watershed−scale using SWATand a genetic algorithm, in Proceedings of the 2008 World Environmental and Water ResourcesCongress, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, CD−ROM (in press).

3.

Evaluating Alternatives for Watershed−Scale Design of BMPs 1

1

National Institutes of Water Resources/ Illinois Water Resources Center

Annual Report

Problem and Research Objectives: Best management practices (BMPs) are widely-used structural or non-structural methods intended to manage and/or improve the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. BMPs are commonly individually designed and site-specific. Studies (e.g., Ferguson, 1991), however, suggest that such fragmented layouts may actually worsen stormwater impacts at the scale of a watershed, thus negating the intended purpose of runoff controls. Detention systems and other structural BMPs are instead most cost-effective when designed and implemented in regionally-strategic combinations to meet related stormwater treatment goals. Implementation of a watershed-scale BMP design is often challenged by conflicting objectives (e.g., environmental, ecological, economic criteria) as well as unquantifiable (and therefore, unmodeled) objectives. Identifying a least cost BMP design and several alternative, near-optimal combinations allows decision-makers to assess tradeoffs between designs and will likely result in a more effective reduction of stormwater impacts at lower stakeholder cost.

The objective of this research is the development of a new, publicly-available decision-support framework and software model that bridges the gap between individual BMP design and the implementation of watershed-scale runoff controls. The corresponding computational model will be capable of determining the least-cost combination of BMP design (including types, sizes, and locations of BMPs), along with a set of near-optimal alternatives for the control of stormwater impacts. This decision-making framework will be developed and tested on Silver Creek watershed, a portion of the Lower Kaskaskia watershed in southern Illinois. To promote the realization of benefits of watershed-scale design in professional practice, the methodology and application results will be disseminated to federal and state agency personnel, concerned local stakeholders, and the wider water resources community through regional meetings and workshops, an outreach bulletin, nationally-organized conferences, and peer-reviewed journal articles.

Methodology: A decision support model has been created by linking evolutionary

optimization algorithms (EAs) with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The initial model has undergone testing, evaluation, and refinement to improve predictive capacity and computational performance. The resulting modeling framework is capable of determining watershed-scale BMP designs that: Minimize total cost of BMPs Subject to i. governing physical laws of watershed hydrology and water quality,

ii. BMP size constraints (e.g., maximum detention pond area) iii. maximum peak flow and sediment load rates (i.e., water quantity

and quality constraints), iv. BMP placement constraints (i.e., no BMPs can be placed in

subbasins with wetlands or forests as its dominant land use type).

2

Within the new model, SWAT is used to solve constraints that govern watershed hydrology such that the complex interactions between water quantity and quality are fully captured. SWAT also simulates several standard structural BMPs, including detention ponds, infiltration ponds, parallel terraces, grade stabilization structures, grassed waterways, and filter strips. Meanwhile, the EA identifies optimal BMP designs and solves the overall optimization problem. Two types of EAs, a genetic algorithm (GA) and a species conserving genetic algorithm (SCGA), are used for solution to this problem. The GA solves the problem by finding a single near-optimal solution; the SCGA produces multiple alternative designs that vary minimally in cost from that of the optimum, but are maximally different with respect to design parameters (i.e., BMP type, size, and/or location) and unmodeled objectives (e.g., stakeholder preferences).

To meet outreach objectives, PIs have discussed work with stakeholders in and near the test watershed, and they have scheduled a workshop for summer 2008, to include a demonstration of the decision-support model for Silver Creek and a roundtable discussion on future model improvements. Anticipated participants include representatives of the Southwest Illinois Resource Conservation and Development Council (SWILRC&D), National Resource Conservation Service, Illinois Dept. of Agriculture, Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Farm Bureau, Soil and Water Conservation Districts, county board members, and others. Additional outreach and dissemination is occurring through University and community meetings and through professional publications.

Principal Findings to Date and Significance:

• Collection and review of pertinent scientific literature demonstrates increasing emphasis on the use of EAs in watershed-scale design of BMPs;

• In addition to detention ponds, other structural BMPs, including infiltration ponds, grassed waterways, parallel terraces, and filter strips, have been included into the model, thus incorporating more options for BMP designs and combinations;

• The SWAT source code has been modified to facilitate a seamless link to the optimization algorithms, thus eliminating the need to continuously modify the original SWAT codes each time a potential BMP design needs to be evaluated;

• An alternative-generation scheme has been developed and coupled with the decision support model; the complete model has been tested and indeed shows that watershed-scale design of BMPs can effectively reduce stormwater impacts at lower stakeholder cost;

• Presentation of preliminary results at recent meetings, including a University-wide research meeting, local community outreach meeting, and the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, designed to facilitate practical utility and cross-fertilization of concepts and interdisciplinary collaborations;

• Distribution of an educational outreach brochure that included general information about watershed-scale design of BMPs and application-specific results (i.e., proof of concept);

• Preparation of two peer-reviewed journal articles

Balancing Irrigation and Instream Water Requirementsunder Drought Conditions: A Study of the Kanakee RiverWatershed

Basic Information

Title:Balancing Irrigation and Instream Water Requirements under DroughtConditions: A Study of the Kanakee River Watershed



End Date: 2/28/2009

Funding Source:104B

Congressional District:15

Research Category:Climate and Hydrologic Processes

Focus Category:Drought, Irrigation, Groundwater

Descriptors: None

Principal Investigators: Ximing Cai, Yu−Feng Lin, Albert Joseph Valocchi

Publication

Balancing Irrigation and Instream Water Requirements under Drought Conditions: A Study of the Kanakee River Watershed1

Problem and Research Objectives

The well-drained sandy and loamy soils make irrigation critical for agriculture in the Kankakee River watershed in eastern Kankakee and northern Iroquois Counties. Groundwater is the major source of water for more than 12,000 acres currently irrigated in the watershed. During the severe drought in 1987-1988, approximately 5.6 billion gallons were used for irrigation, and seasonal drawdowns in excess of 40-70 feet were observed (Cravens et al. 1990). According to Illinois State Water Survey observations, the lowest river flow of 493 cubic feet per second (cfs) during the week of July 24, 1998, was close to the lowest recorded flow of 459 cfs and far below the long-term average July flow of 750 cfs. The aquifer in this region is hydraulically connected with the main river and tributaries. Measurements of surface water and groundwater levels during the 1987-1988 drought show that there were some losing reaches in the irrigation area, which affect low flows in the streams (Cravens et al. 1990). During low flows in dry years such as the 1987-1988 drought, there are increased instream flow concerns about issues such as potential endangerment to fish and recreational activities in the area. The Kankakee supports 84 species of fish, 14 species of large crustaceans, and 37 species of mussels, 6 of which are listed as being endangered. In all, state-owned outdoor recreation sites generate an estimated $14 million a year in economic output – a modest part of a local economy but an irreplaceable amenity (INDR, 1997). These concerns during low flow periods are exacerbated by the effects of current irrigation pumping. Urgent research issues for the area include the understanding of the connection between irrigation water use and Kankakee River low flows, and the development of a strategy to balance the two requirements under drought conditions. Moreover, this area is identified by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) (Wehrmann and Knapp, 2006) as one of the high priority research areas in the state due to the projected population increase of Will County. In addressing these challenges this project is expected to contribute to the research and practice of sustainable watershed management. Considering the potential increase of irrigation and other water requirements, the marginal status of riverine ecosystems, and aggravated drought conditions, conflicts between irrigation and in-stream uses may intensify in the future with the risk of reduced groundwater storage, stream depletion and resulting degradation of riverine ecosystems. A proper groundwater use policy that takes into account natural discharge needs to be developed based upon our understanding of the coupled hydrogeological-human system, and upon an explicit recognition of the inherent uncertainty associated with modeling this system. For the Kankakee system, there is a spatially variable and uncertain connection between the pumped aquifer and the river; in addition, there is typically significant uncertainty regarding specific irrigation pumping quantities of individual farm operators. This project is based on the hypothesis that the development of a proper groundwater use policy requires quantifying the uncertainties of stream-aquifer interaction zones caused by spatial variability of both hydrogeological properties and human interferences. To test this hypothesis, this project addresses the following objectives:

1. Explore the spatial variability of stream-aquifer interactions at a regional scale; and establish and calibrate a numerical model of the Kankakee watershed based on the understanding of the spatial variability of hydrogeology and human interference

2

through pumping.

2. Understand how model uncertainty affects tradeoffs between irrigated agriculture and instream low flow requirements, and determine the implications of this uncertainty upon groundwater pumping management policies.

Principal Findings and Significance During 2007-2008, the first year of the project period, we conducted the following tasks:

• Database development • Prototype model development • Preliminary analysis of the uncertainty of irrigation pumping data

Database development

Data required for this study have been collected and processed based on the various national, regional and local sources, with the assistance of the Illinois State Water Survey; required data include hydrogeology, hydro-climatology (precipitation, streamflow, etc.), and water use such as irrigation pumping. The data will be represented by both spatial features (e.g., maps) and attributes, as illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the hydraulic conductivity zonation for a particular vertical layer in the Kane County regional flow model developed by the Illinois State (Meyer et al., 2008). It is fortunate that the extensive work done for the Kane County model encompasses a large enough geographical area to include our study region; in particular, layer 5 shown below in Figure 1 comprises the top of the Silurian Dolomite unit that provides the bulk of the water for irrigation pumping. Stream stage and discharge data are available from the USGS. Additional detailed data on streamflow, groundwater levels and irrigation pumping are available in the databases used in the report by Cravens et al. (1990). A GIS-based database is under development and the major work will be accomplished soon.

3

Figure 1: Hydraulic conductivity zonation of regional model layer 5.

4

Prototype model development Complex modeling usually starts with a very basic model and then progressively is updated by adding complexity. The purposes of conducting the prototype modeling exercise for this study are to 1) test how well the model tool can handle the complex hydrogeology condition in the study area (mainly the spatially variable surface water – groundwater interactions); 2) examine the impact of pumping on the surface water – groundwater interactions. Two prototype models are developed using MODFLOW with the “river” (RIV) and “stream” (STR) packages, respectively, and the results are evaluated, particularly with respect to how the prototype models will be further developed into more realistic models. Our simplest prototype has an upper and lower aquifer separated by a semi-confining layer. There is a straight river flowing from north to south, as shown below in Figure 2. In the northern portion (above the horizontal red line), the river is in contact with the upper aquifer, while in the southern portion the river contacts the lower aquifer. Pumping occurs only in the lower aquifer, in the red zone indicated on the right half of the figure. The impact of pumping is still felt in the upper layer due to vertical leakage through the semi-confining aquitard. The main impact of pumping upon the stream is to the south where the stream directly contacts the pumped aquifer. We have conducted other analyses that quantify water balance in the system and examine the impact of pumping well placement and parameter values.

Figure 2. Head distribution in each layer, upper with the stream and lower with the well at the end of the simulation

5

Preliminary analysis of the uncertainty of irrigation pumping data

In all groundwater model applications, parameter calibration is required. The main parameters that are calibrated include hydraulic conductivity and recharge. However, in a human influenced system, typical of the Kankakee under drought conditions, calibration normally requires complete knowledge of all human stresses (i.e., knowledge of all irrigation and municipal pumping rates). Unfortunately, there is normally great uncertainty about irrigation pumping since there are no legal requirements upon individual farms to report this information.

In order to address this problem, we have started an extensive literature analysis of

similar problems in the field of statistics. We have also started to conduct some simple regression studies of hypothetical problems in order to understand how uncertainty in irrigation pumping stress may bias parameter estimates. Notable achievements

Based on the preliminary results, we have better understanding about how irrigation

pumping affects the interactions between surface water and groundwater in the study area. The major source for irrigation in the area is the Silurian Dolomite. When water is pumped intensively from it, it will affect the flow in the streams connected to the aquifer layer. Moreover if the intermediate glacial drift deposits are not always present, the sand and gravel aquifer and the shallow rock aquifer may be hydraulically connected under particular circumstances. This connection may lead to water depletion in the upper aquifer and may even affect the surface waters due to the high pumpage in the lower aquifer. This could be the case if the drought period overlaps with the irrigation season; a natural stress on top of a human induced alteration of the natural supply system.

Preliminary results from this project have made a significant contribution to one funded

project and one proposal under review, as listed below:

• Coupling Hydrologic, Economic, and Social Network Models to Improve Understanding of Surface Water-Groundwater Interactions for Protection of Instream Flows, 8/2007-7/2011, NSF-EAR-0709735, $998,997, Nicholas Brozović (PI), John Braden, Ximing Cai, Stephen Gasteyer, and Albert Valocchi (Co-PIs), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

• Planning for Drought Preparedness in the Watershed Context: A Risk-Based Decision

Analysis, under review by National Science Foundation (NSF), $389,348, Ximing Cai (PI), Junho Song and Albert Valocchi (Co-PIs).

Students Supported with Funding Diego Oviedo-Salcedo, PhD student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

6

Methylmercury Bioavailability and Dynamics in the Streamsof Piasa Creek Watershed: New Methods of Sampling andAnalysis

Basic Information

Title:Methylmercury Bioavailability and Dynamics in the Streams of Piasa CreekWatershed: New Methods of Sampling and Analysis



End Date: 2/28/2009

Funding Source:104B


15th

Research Category:Water Quality

Focus Category:Toxic Substances, Methods, Geochemical Processes

Descriptors: None


Robert J. Hudson

Publication

Methylmercury Bioavailability and Dynamics in the Streams of Piasa Creek Watershed: New Methods of Sampling and Analysis1

Project Title: Methylmercury Bioavailability and Dynamics in the Streams of Piasa Creek Watershed: New Methods of Sampling and Analysis

Principal Investigator: Robert Hudson

W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801

[email protected]

Research Problem: Relatively little is known about Hg contamination in Illinois surface waters. In particular, very few measurements of dissolved methylmercury (MeHg) the most potent neurotoxin of all the Hg species and the only form of Hg that biomagnifies in aquatic food webs in rivers and streams draining agricultural watersheds have been reported. Thus, little basis exists for linking the impacts of atmospheric deposition of Hg to MeHg in aquatic food webs, particularly in the main class of aquatic ecosystems in Illinois: riverine or lotic ecosystems.

Methodology: We are conducting a study of dissolved total Hg (HgT) and MeHg levels in a small, mixed land use watershed in southwestern Illinois. The proposed field study serves the following purposes:

1) Expanding our knowledge of the hydrogeochemical factors influencing HgT and MeHg levels in Illinois’ rivers and streams by measuring dissolved HgT and MeHg monthly at 12 sites across the Piasa Creek watershed along with pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a suite of anions (NO3

-, Cl-, and SO42-).

2) Testing a newly-developed approach for sampling bioavailable MeHg, DGT probes, that should help reduce the cost of monitoring MeHg levels in surface water systems.

3) Measuring MeHg in biota: crayfish, stonefly nymphs, shiners, and darters were sampled at the same 12 sites as surface water samples in June 2007. Crayfish and stonefly nymphs are less mobile than the free-swimming darters and shiners and therefore should represent location-specific indicators of MeHg bioavailability in the Piasa Creek food web.

Principal Findings and Significance. 1) MeHg and inorganic Hg were measured in 110 organisms collected during the summer of

2007. As these organisms are relatively low trophic level organisms, none exceeded EPA’s Hg criterion of 0.3 ppm.

However, when the biota MeHg data generated here are combined with the USGS National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish, it predicts that other resident species (white bass and black crappie) of the Piasa Creek watershed will contain levels of MeHg that exceed the 0.3 ppm human consumption guideline designated by the USEPA at relatively small lengths of 6-8 inches. Such a prediction needs to be substantiated by measuring the MeHg content of these

other resident fish species, because they are popular among human that consume fish for sustenance.

2) The concentrations of dissolved MeHg and HgT observed during the monthly sampling are substantially higher than expected and are consistent with the relatively high levels of MeHg observed in biota collected from the same sites. There is significant variation in MeHg across the watershed that we will seek to explain using spatial data analysis.

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Figure 1. Average methylmercury at sampled locations across the Piasa Creek watershed.

3) The DGT-type passive sampling devices were deployed during June 2007 at twelve locations. However, data were obtained from only 10 sites as humans disturbed the probes deployed at two sites. The probes appeared to have not functioned properly, apparently because the high water velocities in the stream caused leakage of water past the diffusive gel layer. Modifications to the design of the physical properties of the probes are needed before re-testing.

Information Transfer Program Introduction

Information Transfer Program Introduction 1

2007 Governor's Conference on the Illinois River

Basic Information

Title: 2007 Governor's Conference on the Illinois River



End Date: 12/1/2007

Funding Source:104B

Congressional District:15th

Research Category:Not Applicable

Focus Category:Education, None, None

Descriptors: conferences, outreach, Illinois River

Principal Investigators: Lisa Merrifield, Jennifer Fackler

Publication

Fackler, Jennifer, ed.; Lisa Merrifield, ed., 2007, 2007 GOVERNOR’S CONFERENCE ON THEMANAGEMENT OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER SYSTEM, Illinois Water Resources Center, Peoria, IL,pp.80

1.

Fackler, Jennifer, ed.; Lisa Merrifield, ed., 2007, 2007 Governor's Conference on the Illinois RiverProceedings, Illinois Water Resources Center, Peoria, IL, http://ilrdss.sws.uiuc.edu/govconf2007/.

2.

2007 Governor's Conference on the Illinois River 1

The 11th Biennial Governor's Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System was held on October 2‐4, 2007 in Peoria. "The Illinois River ‐ Continuing Our Commitment" serves as the 2007 theme. Keynote luncheon speakers included Jon Scholl of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Oct. 3 and, on Oct. 4, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of The Nature Conservancy in Illinois, TNC chief scientist John Wiens. Conference topics include public issues ranging from stormwater management, restoration projects, private‐public partnerships and river monitoring to natural disasters including flooding, drought and the Gulf Coast experience and its implications for Illinois. IWRC serves as a co‐sponsor for this conference, with primary responsibility for compiling the abstract book and proceedings. Excerpts from the abstract book follow. The proceedings, now done in electronic format only, can be found at http://ilrdss.sws.uiuc.edu/govconf2007/.

2007 GOVERNOR’S CONFERENCEON THE MANAGEMENT OF

THE ILLINOIS RIVER SYSTEM

The Illinois River: Continuing Our Commitment

Abstracts and Speaker Information

Eleventh Biennial ConferenceOctober 2 - 4, 2007

Holiday Inn City CentrePeoria, Illinois

1

Welcome

Dear 2007 Conference Participants:

On behalf of the Planning Committee, we want to welcome you to the 2007 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System! This eleventh biennial conference continues a tradition begun in 1987, when then Governor James R. Thompson joined with a group of concerned citizens to focus attention on the growing problems of sedimenta-tion and erosion along the Illinois River and its tributaries. They believed bringing various state and federal organizations together in a common forum would help begin the process of discovering solutions to these problems. This biennial con-ference held in Peoria, continues to grow, benefi ting from the strong support of Governor Rod Blagojevich and Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn.

The 2007 Planning Committee has developed an agenda designed to continue the tradition of bringing the latest in devel-opments and management techniques to those working towards protecting the Illinois River System for future generations. For the past two years, we have been meeting and making plans to make this year’s conference even bigger and better than ever. What can you expect?

• A Focus and Vision for the Illinois River System by Lt. Governor Pat Quinn, Chair of the Illinois River Coordinating Council• Quarterly Meeting of the Illinois River Coordinating Council in conjunction with a Public Forum for Discussion, Comments, and Questions• Illinois River Watershed Conservation Tour on Tuesday• The Illinois River: Focus & Vision – Two Panel Discussions involving Agency Directors from both State and Federal Governmental Agencies• 4 Exciting Sessions that provide a forum for the public discussion of watershed programs, accomplishments, and innovative ideas to enhance the use and long-term management of the Illinois River System• Twelve concurrent Sessions that allow you to select topics of greatest interest to you • Two high-profi le Keynote Speakers: Mr. Jon Scholl, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dr. John Wiens, The Nature Conservancy• Evolving Technology You Can Use: A Workshop• Informative & Educational Exhibits• Delicious Riverfront Barbecue & Entertainment on Wednesday evening• Great Opportunity for Networking with other Water Resource colleagues!

On behalf of our Planning Committee, we hope that you will fi nd this conference to be exciting, informative, stimulating and enjoyable!

Sincerely,

Bob Frazee Kimberly St John Conference Co-Chair Conference Co-Chair

2

Welcome.......................................................................................................................... 1

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 2

Introduction and History of Conference ................................................................... 3 - 4

Conference Proceedings Information ............................................................................. 5

Proclamation .................................................................................................................. 6

Conference Overview ..................................................................................................... 7

Agenda - Tuesday, October 2 .......................................................................................... 8

Agenda - Wednesday, October 3 ............................................................................. 8 - 10

Agenda - Thursday, October 4 ............................................................................... 11 - 12

Tuesday’s Activities ..................................................................................................... 13

Abstracts and Biographies .................................................................................... 14 - 75 Lieutenant Governor .............................................................................................14 Mayor of Peoria ....................................................................................................15 Featured Lunch Speakers ............................................................................. 16 - 17 Illinois River: State Focus & Vision ............................................................. 18 - 20 Illinois River: Federal Focus & Vision ......................................................... 21 - 25 Session 1-A ................................................................................................... 26 - 28 Session 1-B ................................................................................................... 29 - 32 Session 1-C ................................................................................................... 33 - 35 Session 2-A ................................................................................................... 36 - 39 Session 2-B ................................................................................................... 40 - 42 Session 2-C ................................................................................................... 43 - 45 Session 3-A ................................................................................................... 46 - 48 Session 3-B ................................................................................................... 49 - 51 Session 3-C ................................................................................................... 52 - 55 Session 4-A ................................................................................................... 56 - 60 Session 4-B ................................................................................................... 61 - 64 Session 4-C ................................................................................................... 65 - 68 Evolving Technology You Can Use: A Workshop ........................................ 69 - 74 Conference Co-Chairs ..........................................................................................75

Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ 76

2007 Planning Committee ......................................................................................77 - 79

Exhibitors ...................................................................................................................... 80

Table of Contents

3

In 1985, a group of concerned scientists, citizens and river activists began to focus new attention on the growing problems of sedimentation and erosion along the Illinois River and its tributaries. Collectively, this group of individuals formed the nucleus for the planning committee for the First Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River Sys-tem, which was held at the Hotel Père Marquette, Peoria, IL on April 1 - 3, 1987. Governor James R. Thompson believed bringing various state and federal agencies and organizations together in a common forum would help begin the process of discovering solutions to these problems.

Since 1987, this conference has continued to be held on a biennial basis in Peoria – midway on the Illinois River between Chicago and Grafton. Governors Jim Edgar, George Ryan, and Rod Blagojevich have continued this strong tradition by providing a Governor’s designation to this conference, thus demonstrating the high priority being placed upon our natural resources.

Over the past twenty years, conference attendance has grown from 150 to over 350 participants who represent a diversity of backgrounds, agencies, organizations, and communities. Each conference planning committee presented an agenda designed to continue the tradition of bringing the latest in developments and management techniques to those working towards protecting the Illinois River System for future generations.

The Heartland Water Resources Council of Central Illinois has served as the local administrative entity for organizing the 1989 - 2005 Conferences. Throughout the years, the University of Illinois Water Resources Center compiled the Confer-ence Proceedings and Abstract/Speaker Information Booklets, while the Illinois Department of Natural Resources pro-vided funding for printing these resources. Over sixty local, state, and federal agencies and organizations currently serve as Conference Co-Sponsors and a number are now providing fi nancial support of the conference. The following four individuals have faithfully served on all eleven of the State Conference Planning Committees by sharing their knowledge and expertise: Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Extension; Steve Havera, Illinois Natural History Survey; Gary Clark, Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources; and Rick Mollahan, Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

Glenn Stout, University of Illinois Water Resources Center, provided leadership for organizing the First Governor’s Con-ference on the Management of the Illinois River System by serving as the fi rst Conference Chair. Subsequent conference leadership has been provided by:1989 Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Extension, Chair1991 - 1995 Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Extension and Roberta Parks, Peoria Area Chamber of Commerce, Co-Chairs1997 - 2003 Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Extension and Steve Havera, Illinois Natural History Survey, Co-Chairs2005 - 2007 Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Extension and Kim St. John, Natural Resources Conservation Service- Prairie Rivers Resource, Conservation and Development, Co-Chairs

Over the past twenty-two years, the Governor’s Conferences on the Management of the Illinois River System have served as an important forum to bring together local, state, and federal leaders to create awareness of the problems of soil erosion and sedimentation, identify important river research initiatives, develop working coalitions, apply conservation practices to the watershed, prepare new river and watershed legislation, and provide for state and federal funding to address the problems of the Illinois River System. The foundations for the following programs can be directly attributed to successful interagency and multi-disciplinary cooperation, fostered at the Governor’s Illinois River Conferences and subsequently implemented at the local, state and federal level:- Development of low-cost Streambank Stabilization Methods with state and federal funding;- Formation and development of numerous watershed treatment programs for landowners, funded through U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Illinois Department of Agriculture, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and local Soil and Water Conservation Districts; (Examples include: USFWS Partners for Wildlife and Fish Program has assisted landowners in restoring over 6,000 acres of habitat along the Illinois River; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Habitat Restoration and Enhancement Projects completed

Introduction and History of Conference

4

at Swan Lake, Banner Marsh, Lake Chautauqua, Stump Lake, and Peoria Lake Islands; USFWS established the 11,122 acre Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge of which the Service now owns 2,114 acres and The Nature Conservancy owns 7,063 acres; IDNR completed land acquisition efforts at the Double T Fish and Wildlife Area, the Duck Ranch at Henry, IL; TNC’s and IDNR’s Spunky Bottoms restoration of 2,000 acres; The Wetland Initiative’s 2,500 acre Hennepin Hopper restoration effort; The Audubon Society’s purchase of Plum Island; and Ducks Unlimited’s Spring Lake acquisition and restoration.)- Formation and operation of the Illinois River Coordinating Council;- Development of the Integrated Management Plan for the Illinois River System;- Illinois Conservation 2000 Programs and Funding;- Illinois River Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program – led by efforts of U.S. Congressman Ray LaHood – 123,000 acres presently enrolled;- Illinois Rivers 2020 Initiative;- “Mud to Parks” Dredging & Re-Use of Sediment from the Illinois River; and- Island construction on the Illinois River utilizing dredging sediment.

Compiled by: Bob Frazee, University of Illinois Natural Resources Educator, 727 Sabrina Drive, East Peoria, IL 61611;Ph. (309) 694-7501, Ext. 226; E-mail: [email protected], April 2007.

Introduction and History of Conference

5

Conference Proceedings have been compiled by the University of Illinois Water Resources Center for each of the biennial Illinois River Conferences. The Illinois Rivers Decision Support System, affi liated with the Illinois State Water Survey at Champaign, Illinois has a section of their webpage devoted to providing the Conference Proceedings for each of the past ten conferences at http://ilrdss.sws.uiuc.edu/ Included for each conference is the conference agenda, topics, speakers, printed presentations, conservation tours, exhibits, public forums, and related activities. Listed below are the fi les for the fi rst ten Governor’s Conferences on the Management of the Illinois River System.

File 1 1987 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System, April 1 - 3, 1987, Hotel Père Marquette, Peoria, IL

File 2 1989 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System, October 3 - 4, 1989, Hotel Père Marquette, Peoria, IL


File 4 1993 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System, September 21 - 22, 1993, Hotel Père Marquette, Peoria, IL


File 6 1997 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System, October 7 - 9, 1997, Holiday Inn City Centre, Peoria, IL




File 10 2005 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System, October 4 – 6, 2005, Holiday Inn City Centre, Peoria, IL

Proceedings from the 2007 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System will be available to download from the Illinois Rivers Decision Support System website http://ilrdss.sws.uiuc.edu/ as a PDF fi le by the end of February.

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2007 Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System

“The Illinois River - Continuing Our Commitment”

Tuesday, October 2, 2007

8:15 am - 9:00 am Registration/Check-in

9:00 am - 4:00 pm Illinois River Watershed Conservation Tour

1:00 pm - 6:30 pm Set-up for Conference – Registration, Exhibit Set-up

5:00 pm - 6:15 pm Illinois River Coordinating Council Reception (Salon C) Registered Conference Participants Only

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm The Illinois River System: Focus and Vision Speaker: Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn Quarterly Meeting of the Illinois River Coordinating Council: Public Forum for discussion, comments, and questions (Salon C)

Wednesday, October 3, 2007

7:45 am - 8:45 am Registration/Exhibits/Continental Breakfast (Hotel Lobby - Downstairs)

8:45 am - 9:00 am Call to Order – Opening Comments (Salon D) Robert Frazee, University of Illinois Extension, Conference Co-Chair Welcome, Mayor Jim Ardis, City of Peoria

9:00 am - 10:05 am The Illinois River: State Focus and Vision (Salon D) Moderator: David Koehler, State Senator, 46th District Charles “Chuck” Harke, Director, Illinois Department of Agriculture Jack Lavin, Director, Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (invited) Leslie A. Sgro, Deputy Director, Illinois Department of Natural Resources Milton Sees, Acting Secretary, Illinois Department of Transportation Douglas P. Scott, Director, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency 10:05 am - 10:35 am Break/Exhibits (Conference Room III and IV)

10:35 am - 11:50 am The Illinois River: Federal Focus and Vision (Salon D) Moderator: Dennis Campion, Associate Dean, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois Colonel Robert Sinkler, Commander, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District William Graff, State Executive Director, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Farm Service Agency William Gradle, State Conservationist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Agenda

9

Tim Henry, Associate Director of Water Division, Region 5, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Robyn Thorson, Regional Director, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Robert R. Holmes Jr., Director, U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois Water Science Center

12:00 pm - 1:20 pm Lunch and Featured Speaker Jon Scholl, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Agriculture Producing Environmental Solutions (Salon C)

1:30 pm - 4:30 pm Evolving Technology We Can Use: A Workshop (Conference Room 1)

1:30 pm - 2:45 pm Concurrent Sessions Session 1-A. Natural Resource Based Tourism (Salon A) Moderator: Vickie Clark, The Economic Development Council for Central Illinois Byways, Tourism, and Resources Curt Pianalto, American Byways Illinois River Road National Scenic Byway Michael Quine, IRR National Scenic Byway Emiquon Visitor Use Plan Jason Beverlin, The Nature Conservancy Session 1-B. Critical Restoration Projects: USACE (Salon B) Moderator: Bradley Thompson, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District Alton Pool: Island and Side Channel Restoration Jason Farmer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District Senachwine Creek & Pekin Lakes Critical Restoration Projects Marshall Plumley, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District Yellow River Frank Veraldi, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District Session 1-C. Asian Carp and the Illinois River (Salon D) Moderator: Robert Maher, Illinois Department of Natural Resources Bighead and Silver Carp in the Illinois River Greg Conover, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Dispersal Barrier Phil Moy, University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute Environmental and Economic Impacts of Asian Carp in the Illinois River Greg Sass, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Natural History Survey

2:45 pm - 3:15 pm Break/Exhibits (Conference Rooms III and IV)

Agenda (cont.)

10

Agenda (cont.)

3:15 pm - 4:30 pm Concurrent Sessions

Session 2-A. The River Through Time: Environment, Culture, Resources (Salon A) Moderator: Drew Phillips, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Geological Survey How Six Rivers, Five Glaciers, and An Outburst Flood Contributed to the Considerable Legacy of the Illinois River Don McKay, Illinois State Geological Survey River Past, River Present: The Importance of Archaeology in River Valley Restoration Mike Wiant, Illinois State Museum - Dickson Mounds The Sangamon River: A Sense of Place Charles Schweighauser, University of Illinois at Springfi eld

Session 2-B. Natural Disasters: Flooding, Drought, Hurricanes (Salon B) Moderator: Gary Clark, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offi ce of Water Resources Gulf Coast Disasters of 2005: The Impacts in Illinois Paul Osman, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offi ce of Water Resources Drought in Illinois - Impacts to Water Supply Derek Winstanley, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Water Survey Sustainability and the Northeastern Illinois Regional Water Supply Planning Group Timothy Loftus, Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning Session 2-C. Asian Carp and the Illinois River (Salon D) Moderator: Robert Maher, Illinois Department of Natural Resources Sport Fishing Interests Related to Asian Carp William Guerrini, Spring Valley Walleye Club Commercial Harvest of Asian Carp: Industry Needs Kirby Marsden, Illinois Commerical Fishing Association Commercial Harvest of Asian Carp: Management Needs Steve Shults, Illinois Department of Natural Resources

5:30 pm - 6:30 pm Barbecue at Peoria Riverfront (Gateway Building Plaza) Registered Conference Participants Only 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Musical Entertainment by Kaufman & Kaufman (Gateway Building Ballroom) Peoria Art Guild - “Illinois River Stories”

11

Thursday, October 4, 2007

7:45 am - 8:30 am Registration/Exhibits/Continental Breakfast (Hotel Lobby - Downstairs)

8:30 am - 11:00 am Evolving Technology We Can Use: A Workshop (Conference Room 1)

8:30 am - 9:45 am Concurrent Sessions

Session 3-A. Urban Stormwater Management (Salon A) Moderator: Jodie Tate, University of Illinois Extension NonPoint Education for Municipal Offi cials (NEMO) Susan Meeker, University of Illinois Extension Implementing Best Management Practices in the Mossville Bluffs Watershed Melissa Eaton, Tri-County Regional Planning Commission City of Peoria Clean Water Efforts - - Successes and Challenges Jane Gerdes, City of Peoria Session 3-B. Streamgaging, Dam Removal, and Dam Safety Issues (Salon B) Moderator: Bill White, Illinois Department of Natural Resources , Illinois State Water Survey Dam Removal and Safety Issues In Illinois Gary Clark, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offi ce of Water Resources Effects of Dam Removal on Brewster Creek Near St. Charles, IL Tim Straub, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Steamgaging Networks: Past, Present and Future Arlan Juhl, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offi ce of Water Resources

Session 3-C. Alternative Uses of the IL River Floodplain (Salon D) Moderator: Richard Sparks, National Great Rivers Research and Education Center Using the Illinois River Floodplain to Reduce Flood Damage and Naturalize Hydrology Mike Demissie, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Water Survey Using Floodplains for Biomass Production Jack Huggins, The Nature Conservancy Using Floodplains for Improving Nutrient Farming Donald Hey, The Wetlands Initiative 9:45 am - 10:15 am Break/Exhibits (Conference Rooms III and IV)

Agenda (cont.)

12

Agenda (cont.)10:15 am - 11:30 pm Concurrent Sessions

Session 4-A. River Restoration Through Coordinated Planning and Development (Salon A) Moderator: Russ Crawford, Heartland Water Resources Council Restoring Peoria Lakes Through Leveraging Resources and Linking Opportunities Russ Crawford, Heartland Water Resources Council Sediment Reduction, Removal and Placement Strategy Wayne Ingram, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. Lakefront Revitalization and Development Opportunities Tom Brimberry, City of East Peoria Habitat Expansion, Conservation Corridors and Recreation Tom Tincher, Heartland Water Resources Council

Session 4-B. Private-Public Partnerships for Watershed Management (Salon B) Moderator: Rick Mollahan, Illinois Department of Natural Resources The DuPage River Salt Creek Workgroup: A Case Study Steve McCracken, The Conservation Foundation Spoon River Richard Spangler, Spoon River Ecosystem Partnership Kaskaskia River Basin Initiative Through Locally Led Efforts Ed Weilbacher, U.S. Deparmtent of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Session 4-C. Monitoring (Salon D) Moderator: Gary Clark, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Offi ce of Water Resources Senachwine Creek: Case Study of Watershed Assessment in the Illinois River Basin Bill White, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Water Survey Illinois River CREP: Sediment and Nutrient Delivery Assessment Mike Demissie,Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Water Survey Hydrogeologic Monitoring of an Illinois River Floodplain Wetland Keith Carr, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois State Geological Survey

11:45 am - 1:30 pm Lunch and Featured Speaker: John Wiens, The Nature Conservancy A River Runs Through It: Building Land-Water Linkages into Conservation (Salon C) 1:30 pm - 1:45 pm Closing Comments, Kim St John, Prairie Rivers RC&D, Conference Co-Chair (Salon C)

1:45 pm Adjourn

13

Illinois River Watershed Conservation Tour

Come along for a Conservation Bus tour as we explore sites in Peoria and Tazewell counties.

Tour stops will include:Historic and beautiful Springdale Cemetery● A rural subdivision striving to be in harmony with nature amongst the bluffs near Mossville● A visit to restored wetlands near Bartonville that demonstrate a cooperative conservation effort between local, State and Federal governments and private wildlife organizations● A large streambank stabilization project south of Pekin along the winding Mackinaw River● A signifi cant wildlife habitat restoration site near Mackinaw

Along the way we will see various conservation practices on working lands, interesting geologic formations, industry, commerce, and scenic vistas.

The tour will be by charter bus. Lunch and refreshments will be provided. Wear comfortable clothing and shoes for walk-ing on uneven or rough terrain. Remember your camera or binoculars.

Check-in: Tuesday, October 2, 2007, 8:15 AM to 9:00 AM (downstairs lobby of the Holiday Inn City Centre)Departure: 9:00 AM Return: 4:00 PM. Parking is available in the hotel parking lot.

Register early – seating is limited!

Illinois River Coordinating Council Meeting, Presentations and Public Comment

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm (Salon C)

The rivers and streams of Illinois have long been instrumental in shaping the culture, communities and commerce of our state. Since our beginnings, the Illinois River and its tributaries have become increasingly more important to the economic development, recreation, and quality of life for our citizens. Lt. Governor Pat Quinn is Chairman of the Illinois River Coordinating Council (IRCC), which was established by the Illinois General Assembly on July 16, 1997. It is comprised of a diverse group of citizens, river enthusiasts, and state and federal agencies, which meet on a quarterly basis each year at different locations throughout the Illinois River Watershed.

Among the Council’s responsibilities are the coordination of policy and initiatives within the Illinois River watershed for the preservation and restoration of the watershed. Included with these responsibilities are inter-related issues of econom-ics, fl ooding, recreation, and tourism. After conducting the offi cial business of the IRCC, Lt Governor Pat Quinn will provide the general public the opportunity to discuss issues and concerns related to the management of the Illinois River Watershed as part of a Public Forum.

Tuesday’s Activities

76

2007 Financial Supporting Sponsors

Platinum Supporting Sponsors Caterpillar Inc Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic OpportunityIllinois Department of Natural ResourcesIllinois Environmental Protection AgencyIllinois Water Resources CenterOffi ce of the Attorney General State of IllinoisU.S.Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Con-servation ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Gold Supporting SponsorsThe Nature ConservancyUniversity of Illinois Extension & Outreach - College of ACES

Silver Supporting SponsorsIllinois Department of AgricultureIllinois Farm BureauIllinois State Water SurveyTri-County Regional Planning CommissionU.S. Geological Survey

Bronze Supporting SponsorsARTCO FleetingAssociation of Illinois Soil & Water Conservation DistrictHeartland Water Resources CouncilIllinois Corn Growers AssociationIllinois Natural History SurveyIllinois State Geological SurveyMACTEC Engineering and Consulting, IncState Representative David R. Leitch U.S. Army Corps of EngineersU.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency

Acknowledgements

2007 Conference Co-Sponsors

State of Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich Governor’s State Water Plan Task Force Illinois River Coordinating Council Lt. Governor Pat Quinn

Elected Offi cialsCongressman Jesse Jackson, JrCongressman Phil HareState Senator Dave KoehlerState Senator Michael Frerichs

Federal, State and Municipal GoveernmentCity of Peoria, IllinoisIllinois Department of TransportationPrairie Rivers Resources Conservation and DevelopmentU.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Conferences & Institutes, Offi ce of Continuing Education

OrganizationsBellrose Waterfowl Research LaboratoryCommittee on the Middle Fork Vermilion RiverDickson Mounds MuseumIllinois River National Wildlife & Refuge ComplexMississippi River Basin AssociationSoil and Water Conservation Society – Illinois Chapter Trees Forever – Illinois Buffer Partnership

77

Tom AustinFSA6715 N. Smith RdEdwards, IL 61528Phone: 309-671-7040Fax: 309-671-7325 [email protected]

Cheryl Barber U of I Conference & Institutes 302 E. John Street Suite 202, MC-433 Champaign, IL 61820 Phone: 217-333-2880 Fax: 217-333-9561 Email: [email protected]

Doug BlodgettThe Nature Conservancy11304 N. Prairie RoadLewistown, IL 61543Phone: 309-547-2730Fax: [email protected]

April BurgettIllinois Natural History SurveyFrank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research CenterP.O. Box 59017500 E. CR 1950NHavana, IL 62644Phone: 309-543-3950E-mail: [email protected]

Chuck BurlingameARTCO1 Sanger St. P.O Box 175Peoria, IL 61650Phone: 309-673-0423Fax: [email protected]

Michelle ChappellConferences & InstitutesOffi ce of Continuing EducationUniversity of Illinois302 E. John St, Ste 202Champaign, IL 61820Phone: 217-333-2880Fax: [email protected]

Gary ClarkIDNR Div. Water Res.One Natural Resources WaySpringfi eld IL 62702-1271Phone: 217-785-3334Fax: [email protected]

Vickie ClarkThe Economic Development Council for Central Illinois124 SW Adams St., Suite 300Peoria, IL 61602-1388Phone: 309-495-5955Fax: [email protected]

Chris DavisIEPA – Watershed Mgmt Sect.1021 N. Grand Ave. E.P.O. Box 19276Springfi eld IL 62794-9276Phone: 217-782-3362Fax: 217-785-1225 [email protected]

Linda DexterIllinois State Water SurveyP.O. Box 697Peoria, IL 61652Phone: 309-671-3196Fax: [email protected]

Melissa EatonTri-County Reg. Planning Com.411 Hamilton Blvd., Suite 2001Peoria, IL 61602Phone: 309-673-9795Fax: [email protected]

Nancy EricksonIllinois Farm Bureau1701 Towanda Ave.Bloomington IL 61701Phone: 309-557-3153Fax: [email protected]

Jennifer Fackler **Environmental Council, U of I388 NSRC MC-6351101 West Peabody Dr.Urbana, IL 61801Phone: 217-333-8806Fax: [email protected]

Jason Farmer USACE St. Louis 1222 Spruce Street St. Louis, MO 63103-2833 Phone: 314-331-8458 Fax: 314-331-8806 Email: [email protected]

Bob Frazee *U of I Extension727 Sabrina Dr.East Peoria IL 61611Phone: 309-694-7501 ext. 226Fax: 309-694-7882 [email protected]

Angela Freyermuth USACE Rock Island Clock Tower Building P.O. Box 2004 Rock Island, IL 61204-2004 Phone: 309-794-5341 Fax: 309-794-5497 Email: [email protected]

Steve HaveraIllinois Natural History SurveyForbes Biological StationP. O. Box 590Havana IL 62644Phone: 309-543-3950Fax: 309-543-4999 [email protected]

Jon HubbertUSDA - NRCS3605 N. Ill. Rt. 47, Suite CMorris, IL 60450Phone 815-942-0359Fax [email protected]

Planning Committee

78

Durinda HulettU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service19031E C.R. 2015NHavana, IL 62644Phone: 309-535-2290 Fax: [email protected]

Gary JohnsonU.S. Geological SurveyWater Resources Division1201 W University Ave, Suite100Urbana, IL 61801Phone: 217-344-0037 ext. 3009Fax: [email protected]

Laura KeeferIllinois State Water Survey2204 Griffi th Dr.Champaign, Il 61820-7495Phone: 217-333-3468Fax: 217-333-2304 [email protected]

Marilyn Leyland705 Fondulac Dr.East Peoria, IL 61611Phone: 309-694-2465Fax: [email protected]

John MarlinIDNR Waste Mgmt & Res. Cntr.One East Hazelwood Dr.Champaign, IL 61820Phone: 217-333-8956 Fax: 217-333-8944 [email protected]

Marty McManusReg. Repr. IDOA11810 9th St.Milan, IL 61624Phone: [email protected]

Lisa Merrifi eldIllinois Water Resources Center1101 W. Peabody Dr., Rm. 350Urbana, IL 61801Phone: 217-333-0045 Fax: 217- [email protected]

Marc MillerSenior Policy Advisor Offi ce of Lt. Gov. Pat Quinn Room 214, State House Springfi eld, IL 62706-4700 Phone: 217-557-5625 Fax: 217-524-6262 [email protected]

Thixton “T” MillerUSACOE St. Louis1222 Spruce St.St. Louis MO 63103-2833Phone: 314-331-8458Fax: 314-331-8806 [email protected]

Rick MollahanIllinois Department of Natural ResourcesOne Natural Resources WaySpringfi eld IL 62702-1271Phone: 217-785-8264Fax: 217-785-5014 [email protected]

Karen NicholsConferences and InstitutesOffi ce of Continuing EducationUniversity of Illinois302 East John Street, Ste 202Champaign, IL 61820Phone: 217-333-2880Fax: [email protected]

Erica OttOffi ce of Lt. Gov. Pat QuinnRoom 214, State HouseSpringfi eld, IL 62706-4700Phone: 217-557-5625Fax: [email protected]

Drew PhillipsIllinois State Geological Survey615 E. Peabody DriveChampaign, IL 61820Phone: 217-333-2513Fax: 217-244-2785 [email protected]

Marshall PlumleyUSACOE Rock IslandClock Tower BuildingP.O. Box 2004Rock Island, IL 61204Phone: [email protected]

Matt SprengerU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service19031 E. C.R. 2105 N.Havana IL 62644Phone: 309-535-2290Fax: 309-535-3023 [email protected]

Kim St. John *Prairie Rivers RC&D400 Edward St.Henry IL 61537Phone: 309-364-3979Fax: 309-364-3970 [email protected]

Joshua StaffordIllinois Natural History SurveyForbes Biological StationP.O. Box 590Havana, IL 62644Phone: 309-543-3950Fax: 309-543-4999 [email protected]

Katie Stonewater Offi ce of Lt. Governor Pat QuinnRoom 414 Stratton BuildingSpringfi eld, IL 62706-1350Phone: 217-558-1846Fzx: [email protected]

Brad ThompsonUSACOE Rock IslandClock Tower BuildingP. O. Box 2004Rock Island IL 61204Phone: 309-794-5256Fax: 309-794-5710 [email protected]

Planning Committee (cont.)

79

* Conference Co-Chair** Editor/Designer

Planning Committee (cont.)

Tom TincherHWRC416 Main St. Suite 828Peoria IL 61602-1116Phone: 309-637-5253 Fax: 309-637-5254 [email protected]

Chris Urban (WW-16J)US EPA Region 577 West Jackson Blvd.Chicago, IL 60604-3590Phone: 312-886-3493Fax: [email protected]

Janel M. VeileBureau of Design and EnvironmentIL Dept. of Transportation2300 South Dirksen ParkwaySpringfi eld, IL 62764Phone: 217-558-4752Fax: [email protected]

Lu Ann Vissering Prairie Rivers RC&D 509 Front Street, Suite 5 Henry, IL 61537 Phone: 309-364-3979 Fax: 309-364-3970 Email: [email protected]

Scott WallaceUSDA-NRCS Peoria FO6715 N. Smith RdEdwards, IL 61528Phone: 309-671-7040Fax: 309-671- 7325 [email protected]

Terry Weldin-FrischIL Dept of Commerce & Economic Opportunity620 E. AdamsSpringfi eld IL 62701Phone: 217-558-0312Fax: 217-782-8903 [email protected]

Bill WhiteIllinois State Water Survey1320 S. W. MonarchPeoria, IL 61652Phone: 309-671-3196Fax: 309-671-3106 [email protected]

Aaron YetterIllinois Natural History SurveyFrank C. Bellrose Waterfowl Research CenterP.O. Box 59017500 E. CR 1950NHavana, IL 62644Phone: 309-543-3950E-mail: [email protected]

80

Registered exhibitors at time of printing.

Illinois Department of Agriculture

Illinois Department of Natural Resources

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency

Illinois Natural History Survey

Illinois State Geological Survey

MACTEC Engineering & Consulting, Inc

Soil & Water Conservation Society - Illinois Chapter

The Nature Conservancy

Trees Forever – Illinois Buffer Partnership

Tri-County Regional Planning Commission

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

University of Illinois Extension & Outreach - College of ACES

Exhibitors

IWRC Web Site

Basic Information

Title: IWRC Web Site



End Date: 1/1/2011

Funding Source:104B




Descriptors:web site, outreach,education

Principal Investigators:Jennifer Fackler, LisaMerrifield

Publication

Fackler, Jennifer, ed., 2006, Illinois Water Resources Center Web Site, www.environ.uiuc.edu/iwrc.1. Fackler, Jennifer, ed., 2007 Illinois Water Resources Center Web Site, www.extension.uiuc.edu/iwrc.2.

IWRC Web Site 1

The IWRC web site has long been an access point for people seeking information about water resources in Illinois. In 2007, IWRC administration moved under the University of Illinois Office of Extension and Outreach and thus IWRC moved and updated our website to reflect that change. The new URL is http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/iwrc/. Main features continue to be an online directory of over 200 publications with downloadable documents where available, our research processes and projects, and the Illinois Water Conference. Below is a screen capture of the new web site.

IWRC Newsletter

Basic Information

Title: IWRC Newsletter



End Date: 1/1/2011

Funding Source:104B




Descriptors: newsletter, education, outreach

Principal Investigators: Lisa Merrifield, Jennifer Fackler, Phil Mankin, Irene Miles

Publication

Miles, Irene, Jennifer Fackler, Lisa Merrifield, eds., Fall 2005, Illinois Water Resources CenterNewsletter.

1.

Illinois Water Resources Center, 2006, Illinois Water Resources Center Newsletter, Illinois WaterResources Center, Urbana, Illinois, 4 pages.

2.

Merrifield, Lisa, ed., Fall 2007, Illinois Water Resources Center Newsletter, p. 4.3.

IWRC Newsletter 1

Once per year, usually in late summer, the Illinois Water Resources Center publishes a newsletter detailing our research and outreach activities over the previous year. The newsletter is distributed to over 700 people on our mailing list and is made available on our website. Following is a copy of the 2007 newsletter.

Illinois Water Resources Center Summer 2007

Chicago Area Streams Impacted by Prescriptions and Personal Care Products

Illinois Water Resources CenterUniversity of Illinois388 NSRC1101 W. Peabody DriveUrbana, IL 61801

Illinois Water Resources Center388 NSCRC1101 W. Peabody Drive, MC-635Urbana, Illinois 61801217-333-6444www.environ.uiuc.edu/iwrc

DirectorRichard E. Warner

StaffJennifer FacklerStephanie LageKimberly LomaxPhil MankinLisa Merrifi eldDavid White

Newsletter EditorsJennifer FacklerLisa Merrifi eld

Non-Profi t OrganizationU.S. Postage PaidPermit No. 75Champaign, IL 61820

What do antacids like Tagamet®, antimicrobial agents found in everything from dish soap to toothpaste, and caffeine have in common? They are all passing through waste water treatment plants and affecting aquatic ecosystems. Emma Rosi-Marshall of Loyola University of Chicago worked with graduate students, Paul Hoppe and Antoine Aubeneau, undergraduate students, Drew Lee and Sikandar Khan and high school student, Amatul Salma, to completed research funded by IWRC on the prevalence and ecological signifi cance of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) in Chicago area waterways. “Signifi cant amounts of PPCPs such as hormones, antibiotics, caffeine and antacids persist after their intended use,” said Rosi-Marshall. “They enter waste water treatment facilities, which are not designed to remove these chemicals, so they are discharged into our nation’s rivers.” Although it is known that these chemicals are fi nding their way into streams and rivers, the ecological effects have not been well studied. According to Rosi-Marshall, the goals of this project were to measure the concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in the Chicago area and measure the effects of PPCPs on four major components of stream ecosystems — algae, detritus, grazers and shredders. The research was conducted in the laboratory which allowed the researchers to make signifi cant headway. “We are developing new and improved methods for using artifi cial streams to measure the effects of novel contaminants on stream ecosystems,” said Rosi-Marshall. “These methods allow us to experimentally manipulate contaminant concentrations while using replication to analyze ecosystem effects.”

The most signifi cant outcome of this research was related to the ecotoxicological effects of cimetidine. Cimetidine is one of a class of H2 histamine antagonists, or antacids. The researchers found that at concentrations commonly occurring in surface water, cimetidine has a signifi cant impact on invertebrate growth, mortality and population dynamics. Aquatic invertebrates are a primary food source for many fi sh species. The researchers also studied antimicrobials, in this case triclosan, and found increased microbial respiration rates at high concentrations. Initial investigations did not indicate signifi cant impact at the levels found in streams; however, research is ongoing. Caffeine was found to impact the growth rate of some species but not others. This research is also

ongoing. Rosi-Marshall and her collaborators plan to submit an NSF proposal soon to continue their work. They are preparing a publication based on this research.

Save the date!Illinois Water 2008

will be held

October 7–9, 2008

at the Hilton Garden Inn

1501 South Neil StreetChampaign, Illinois

Would you like to help plan the conference? Please contact Lisa Merrifi eld at

217-333-0045 or [email protected]

The Illinois Water Resources Center is one of 60 groups working together to cosponsor the 11th Biennial Governor’s Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System. The conference will be held Oct. 2nd – 4th at Peoria’s Holiday Inn City Centre Hotel.

The conference is designed to bring together concerned citizens, agricultural, conservation and environmental organizations, industry and government representatives, educators and resource management professionals.

“The Illinois River – Continuing Our Commitment” serves as the 2007 theme. Keynote luncheon speakers include Jon Scholl of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Oct. 3 and, on Oct. 4, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Nature Conservancy in Illinois, TNC chief scientist John Wiens will speak. Conference topics include public issues ranging from stormwater management, restoration projects, private-public partnerships and river monitoring to natural disasters including fl ooding, drought and the Gulf Coast experience and its implications for Illinois.

Other panels will include discusions on nature-based tourism, the prehistory and archeology of the river valley, fl ood plain restoration, and dam removal and safety issues. Several sessions will focus on Asian carp and the Illinois River. Speakers representing agencies and organizations from the state and federal level will share their focus and vision. Exhibits will highlight the work of the various groups. A special workshop will feature new technologies applied to river studies and offer opportunities for networking.

On Oct. 2 a day-long guided conservation tour will feature a sustainable rural subdivision, restored wetlands, a large streambank stabilization project, Springdale Cemetery and signifi cant wildlife habitat restoration.

That evening Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn will chair a meeting of the Illinois River Coordinating Council followed by a free public forum.

Full conference registration, paid by Aug. 31, costs $135 and includes three meals, two continental breakfasts, breaks and a reception. The Wednesday-only fee is $90. Thursday-only costs $60. After August 31, each fee increases by $40, plus another $20-$50 on site. Registration can be completed with a credit card online, or by fax or mail.

Conference information including schedule, registration and fees is available online at www.conferences.uiuc.edu/ilriver . Registration materials are also available from sponsoring agencies or from the University of Illinois Offi ce of Conferences and Institutes in Champaign — toll free (877) 455-2687.

“Continuing our Commitment” to the Illinois River IWRC Publications Go DigitalIWRC has been collecting publications from our researcher projects and other special activities since 1966. We now have over 250 publications available. In the last 7 or 8 years we have published our publications list on our web site. Recently, we have begun digitizing our collection. As researchers and students request publications, we scan them and make the PDF documents available for download. This saves us copying and shipping time and allows researchers and students to more quickly access our collection.

To view our research publications, visit http://www.environ.uiuc.edu/iwrc/pastresearch.htm. Our special collection is available at: http://www.environ.uiuc.edu/iwrc/publications.htm. If you would like us to scan a publication you fi nd on the list, please send an email to [email protected].

2 3

Two researchers began projects under the Illinois Water Resources Center state grant program in 2007.

Robert Hudson, University of Illinois associate professor of aquatic chemistry and biogeochemistry, was selected to conduct research titled, “Methylmercury Bioavailability and Dynamics in the Streams of Piasa Creek Watershed: New Methods of Sampling and Analysis.”

Through this project, Hudson and his collaborators will begin to study the mercury and methylmercury levels in a mixed land use watershed in Illinois. Hudson contends that there is a knowledge gap about mercury contamination in Illinois surface waters. “Methylmercury, the most potent neurotoxin of all the mercury species and the only form that biomagnifi es in aquatic food webs,” is poorly understood said Hudson.

Not only will the research advance understanding of mercury, but the study will be conducted in conjunction with faculty and undergraduates from Lewis and Clark Community College and the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center’s summer intern program.

Ximing Cai and Albert Valocchi, assistant professor and professor, respectively, of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Illinois, will conduct research titled, “Balancing

IWRC Funds Two New Research Projects in 2007Irrigation and Instream Water Requirements under Drought Conditions: A Study of the Kankakee River Watershed.”

Cai and Valocchi’s research will improve understanding of the connection between irrigation

use in drought years and the impacts on streams and rivers. Those impacts might include endangerment to fi sh and recreation. The study seeks to fi nd a strategy to balance the two uses.

Cai and Valocchi hope to increase government and public

awareness of the impacts of irrigation. They will use the Kankakee watershed as a model for other similar watersheds.

To register for the

11th Biennial Governor’s Conference on the Management of the

Illinois River Systemvisit:

www.conferences.uiuc.edu/ilriver

or call toll free(877) 455-2687

Midwest Technology Assistance Center

Basic Information

Title: Midwest Technology Assistance Center



End Date: 1/1/2011

Funding Source:104B


Research Category:Water Quality

Focus Category:Water Supply, Water Quantity, Water Quality

Descriptors: small water systems, Midwest

Principal Investigators: Dick Warner, Jennifer Fackler, Phil Mankin, Lisa Merrifield

Publication

Lau, Boris L. T., Gregory W. Harrington, Marc. A. Anderson, 2006, Arsenic and Bacteriophage MS2Removal from Groundwater by Nanoparticulate Aluminum Oxide Coated Granular Filter Media: APilot−Scale Evaluation on the Effect of pH and Coating Density, Illinois State Water Survey,(FS06−01).

1.

Moore, Michelle, 2006, Chlorine's Effect on Corrosion in Drinking Water Systems, Illinois StateWater Survey, NDWC, Tech Brief #3, Item # DWBRPE52.

2.

Winstanley, Derek, James R. Angel, Timothy P. Bryant, H. Vernon Knapp, Michael A. Palecki, AmyM. Russell, H. Allen Wehrmann, 2006, Drought Planning for Small Community Water Systems,Illinois State Water Survey,(FS06−02).

3.

Midwest Technology Assistance Center 1

The Midwest Technology Assistance Center for Small Public Water Systems (MTAC) is comprised of a consortium led by the University of Illinois and the Illinois State Water Survey, in partnership with the land grant universities of Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin. MTAC serves small public water systems and public systems serving Indian Tribes. The participation of each state is led by its Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI), established under authority of the Water Resources Research Act of 1964 on the campus of the land grant university as a federal‐state partnership to conduct applied research and technology transfer. This Center cooperates closely with other regional technology assistance centers established by the USEPA, and with other partner agencies and organizations in order to ensure efficient response to the highest priority needs of small public water systems and Indian Tribal systems in the Midwest. Some highlights in the past year include: Contributing to a calculator to help small systems estimate impact fees associated with restructuring. The calculator can be accessed at http://sspa.boisestate.edu/efc/sdccalculator/. Developing a fact sheet titled: “Building Technical, Financial, and Managerial Capacity for Small Water Systems: The Role of Consolidation, Partnership, and Other Organizational Innovations.” Releasing “Drought Planning for Small Community Water Systems” report. This report details existing resources available to assist small communities in planning for extended droughts, and includes recommendations for conducting drought‐sensitivity studies for small community water systems in the MTAC region.

Water 2008

Basic Information

Title: Water 2008



End Date: 11/1/2008

Funding Source:104B



Focus Category:None, None, None

Descriptors:Conference highlighting Illinis waterissues

Principal Investigators: Lisa Merrifield, Jennifer Fackler

Publication

Water 2008 1

In 2007, staff members began planning the biennial Illinois Water Conference. Below are promotional materials and an agenda to date. ______________________ Illinois Water 2008 October 8‐9, 2008 Hilton Garden Inn Champaign, Illinois The Illinois Water Resources Center (IWRC) and members of the planning committee invite you to join us for the 10th anniversary Illinois Water Conference, October 8‐9 at the Hilton Garden Inn in Champaign. Started in 1998, this biennial conference brings together agency personnel, scientists, educators, and community members for a two day discussion of the latest scientific advancements on topics of importance to water resources across the state.

For our 10th anniversary, former IWRC director and designer of this conference, Richard (Rip) Sparks, will be giving a keynote address on Illinois water’s past, present and future. Now the Research Director for the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, Rip has been actively involved in the Illinois water community for over 30 years. Much of his work deals with aquatic biology and invasive species, but he has also become an ambassador for water resources around the world. Recent trips to Brazil and China have allowed Rip to share success stories and encourage conservation of water resources internationally.

Plenary sessions topics will include:

• Understanding the Water Resources Development Act • Water supply • Nutrients • Water and energy/biofuels • Climate change

Papers will be presented on:

• Environmental measurement • Groundwater research • Hydrology/hydraulics • Watershed planning • Technology updates • Water Quality • Watershed‐scale science

Students are encouraged to attend this conference. Conference sponsors have graciously offered scholarships to cover the conference registration fee for student from Illinois colleges and universities. On October 8th, a panel discussion for students interested in pursuing careers in water resources help define opportunities and obstacles. Students will also present posters and papers during the conference sessions.

For more information about Illinois Water 2008, please visit http://www.iisgcp.org/ilwater/index.htm or contact Jennifer Fackler at 217‐333‐8806/[email protected].

Illinois Water Conference 2008

Tentative Agenda(as of 1/22/08)

Wednesday, October 8, 20088:00 - 9:00 am Registration (Conference Center Foyer)

9:00 - 9:10 am Welcome and Opening Comments (Boilermaker Room) Richard Warner, Director, Illinois Water Resources Center

9:10 - 10:10 am Featured Speaker (Boilermaker Room) Richard Sparks

10:10 - 10:25 am Break and Exhibits (Illini Ballroom)

10:25 - 12:15 pm Water Resources Development Act Session (Boilermaker Room) Speakers to be announced.

12:15 -1:30 pm Lunch (Illini Ballroom)

1:30 - 3:00 pm Themed Session I (concurrent sessions)

Water Supply Nutrients (Fighting Illini Room) (Golden Gopher Room) Speakers to be announced. Speakers to be announced.

3:00 - 3:30 pm Break and Exhibits (Fighting Illini Room)

3:30 - 5:00 pm Technical Session I (concurrent sessions)

TBA TBA (Fighting Illini Room) (Golden Gopher Room) Speakers to be announced. Speakers to be announced.

5:15 - 7:30 pm Reception (Illini Ballroom) Poster Session 5:15 - 6:16 pm

6:30 - 7:30 pm Student Career Panel (Fighting Illini Room)

Thursday, October 9, 2008

8:00 - 8:30 am Registration (Conference Center Foyer)

8:30 - 10:30 am Themed Session II (concurrent sessions)

Water and Energy/Biofuels Climate Change (Fighting Illini Room) (Golden Gopher Room) Speakers to be announced. Speakers to be announced.

10:30 - 10:45 am Break and Exhibits (Illini Ballroom)

10:45 - 12:15 pm Technical Session II (concurrent sessions)


12:15 -1:30 pm Lunch (Illini Ballroom)

1:30 - 3:00 pm Technical Session III (concurrent sessions)


3:00 - 3:15 pm Closing Comments (Fighting Illini Room)

Illinois Water Supply Plan Task Force

Basic Information

Title: Illinois Water Supply Plan Task Force



End Date: 1/15/2010

Funding Source:104B



Focus Category:Management and Planning, None, None

Descriptors: Committee on management of water supply

Principal Investigators: Dick Warner

Publication

Illinois Water Supply Plan Task Force 1

The Illinois Water Supply Planning Task force meets quarterly in Springfield, Illinois and provides an opportunity to interact and network with representatives from agencies and programs around the state of Illinois who are grappling with similar issues. On the committee are representatives from the following groups:

Illinois Department of Agriculture Illinois EPA Illinois Department of Public Health DNR Office of Resource Conservation DNR Office of Water Resources Illinois State Geological Survey Illinois State Water Survey Illinois Water Resources Center University of Illinois Extension USDA – NRCS U. S. Geological Survey Members are each given an opportunity to update members on ongoing activities and upcoming events. Some of the topics of discussion over the last year have included: Flooding Regional Water Supply Planning Dam Safety Water Resource Assessment Projects Fox River Accounting Model Ground water Gulf hypoxia Levee safety summit Budges and Legislation

IWRC provides updates on our 2008 conference regularly at these meetings.

Student Support

Student Support

CategorySection 104 Base

GrantSection 104 NCGP

AwardNIWR−USGS

InternshipSupplemental

AwardsTotal

Undergraduate 0 0 0 0 0

Masters 0 2 0 0 2

Ph.D. 2 4 0 0 6

Post−Doc. 0 0 0 0 0

Total 2 6 0 0 8

Student Support 1

Notable Awards and Achievements

Understanding the impacts planning decisions have on our water resources, particular aquifer resources thatare not easily observed, is a critical need. Researchers Yu−Feng Lin and Albert Valocchi, University ofIllinois, and Randall Hunt, USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center, with funding from NIWR's 104Gprogram, have developed a GIS plug in called Pro Grade that can quickly generate aquifer recharge anddischarge rates using widely available data. The tool allows users to quickly and reliably determine the impactof various decisions on groundwater. The tool is available on line at www.sws.uiuc.edu/gws/sware/prograde.

The aquifers underlying much of north eastern Illinois are characterized as fractured dolomite aquifers. Inthese aquifers, the water flows through cracks in the rocks, which are highly variable, making the rate of flowand transportation of contaminants difficult to model. It is not unusual for neighboring wells to produce verydifferent amounts of water due to the number of fractures the well intersects. As the water flows through thefractures in the rock, very little filtration occurs, making it possible for surface contaminants to travel longdistances with little alteration. Researcher Douglas Walker, University of Illinois, with funding from IWRC's104B program, has spent the last two years working on a more accurate method for modeling these types ofaquifers. His revised models now show markedly different flow rates than those more commonly used. Hisfindings have created a great deal of interest and discussion within the groundwater community and could leadto a new understanding of how water flows under the Chicago area.

Researcher Ximing Cai, University of Illinois, with funding from IWRC's 104B program, is examining theimpact of irrigation, which primarily draws water from deep aquifers, on upper aquifers and even surfacewater in Illinois. His preliminary findings indicate that irrigating crops in drought years is likely to have asignificant impact on water quantity available for drinking and habitat.

Notable Awards and Achievements 1

Publications from Prior Years

Publications from Prior Years 1

illinois water resources center annual technical report fy ...€¦ · the first task addressed the...

Documents