illinois beach area coastal management plan

ILLINOIS BEACH AREACoastal Management Plan

This plan document was prepared for the State of Illinois Department of Natural Resources to support the Coastal Management Program.

The plan was drafted in the Spring of 2011 by graduate students from the University of Illinois at Chicago under the advising of Professor Martin Jaffe.

Emily BaronSarah BeckThomas BellinoJaime BlattiRobin BuellTawnya CarrollErik CzajaElizabeth FuLok KwanJason Lopata

Ian LudwigTom McCormackJudson MurchieAlejandra Piers-TorresEduardo ProenzaLauren RajskiKaren RoguljaElizabeth ScottAmalia TurkewitzJames Winters

Illinois Beach Area Planning Team

Prof. Martin Jaffe, Faculty Advisory

Illinois Beach Coastal Plan / 3

Greg Behm, Superintendent, Illinois Beach State ParkMichael Chrzastowski, Ph. D., Illionis State Geological Survey Todd Main, ICMP Program Manager, Senior Policy Advisor, IDNR Director’s OfficeJean B “Susie” Schreiber, Waukegan Harbor Citizens’ Advisory GroupRachel Sudimack, Illinois Coastal Management ProgramThomas J. Chefalo, Principal Planner, Lake County Planning, Building & Development DeptKeith Caldwell, Lake County Department of Information TechnologyMitch Ingold, Field Education Coordinator for IDNRLarry R. Pannell, Director of Finance, City of ZionDavid Suthard, Harbormaster, North Point MarinaLisa Ferguson, Illinois Department of Natural Resources’ Office of Land ManagementDonna Perez, Permit Coordinator, Dept of Building and Zoning, Village of Beach ParkJenny Orsburn, Program Specialist, Lake Michigan Coastal Program, Indiana DNRSergio Mendoza, Resources Planner, Lake Michigan Coastal Program, Indiana DNRConnie Waggoner, Division Manager, Realty and Planning, IDNRTara Kieninger, Database Program Manager, Natural Heritage Database, IDNR

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions:

Illinois Beach Plan / 4

Photo: Tom McCormackThe Dead River Watershed in Illinois Beach State Park


I. Executive Summary 6II. Illinois Beach Area Community Profile 10III. Climate Change Impacts 20IV. Illinois Coastal Management Plan for Illinois Beach Area

Collaboration 24Environment 28Economic Development 34Public Access and Recreation 42Education and Outreach 48Special Study Area – Zion Nuclear Power Plant 51

V. Appendix 65

Table of Contents


Nestled in the northeastern corner of Illinois is one of the state’s most precious coastal resources. Covering more than five miles of Lake Michigan shoreline, the Illinois Beach Area is the state’s last great stretch of natural coast. Here the land is pristine, largely unaltered, and publicly owned. It is a place where nature flourishes, being home to more than 650 species of plants and animals, and where people live and play. It is home to nearly 56,000 residents and supports year-round recreation for the more than one million annual visitors to the Illinois Beach State Park and North Point Marina. Breathtaking yet inviting, the Illinois Beach area is in a class all by itself.

This crown jewel of the Illinois coast is, however, under attack. A changing climate threatens to disturb the balance of sensitive ecosystems, accelerate erosion, and lower Lake Michigan’s water level. Growing concerns about water quality have led Forbes Magazine to rank one area beach among the top 10 most polluted beaches in the country. The local economy is in flux, searching for a new identity after years of manufacturing decline. Com-pounding these issues is a fragmented infrastructure, wrought with poor connections between the coast and the surrounding communities, creating barriers to access. Among these barriers is the Zion Nuclear Power Station, which is in the process of being decommissioned. The unknown future of the plant’s site coupled with the nuclear waste that is to be stored at the site creates an indefinitely uncertain future for this stretch of the coast.

The Illinois Coastal Management Program recognizes now is the time to act. The health of Illinois’ coast is interconnected with the health of the neigh-boring communities as well as the health of the larger coastal dependent area . To assist in generating ideas and help prioritize the use of program re-sources for the next 50 years, a team of urban planning graduate students from the University of Illinois at Chicago has developed the following plan.

ExECUTIVE SUMMARy

Image: Google EarthIllinois Beach State Park and the neighboring Village of Beach Park


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2060 VISION: A well-integrated region built upon a vibrant econo-my, healthy environment, and publicly accessible coast.

The plan’s vision is ambitious, yet simple. It calls for an accessible tourist economy designed around the region’s wealth of natural assets. By tethering the success of the economy to a healthy en-vironment, it will be in the interests of area businesses to protect, preserve, and enhance this sensitive resource. As the natural environment is enriched, the econo-my will strengthen and expand.

PROCESS: Collaborate, Build, InnovateThe process for implementing this vision has three phases: Col-laborate, Build, and Innovate. This order reflects the sequential order of the plan’s implementation process, and is only loosely connected to a timeline. By focusing on the process, rather than a timeline, the plan is able to be fluid and flexible enough to adapt to unexpected future events. Creating a timeline today for events 30-40 years from now may be too restrictive for those implement-ing the plan in the future. Following the steps in the process, how-ever, allows the plan flexibility to succeed.

The first step in the process is Collaborate. This is the foundational step to every action called for in the plan. Nothing should be pursued without first identifying all the relevant stakeholders and bringing them together.

This is the most critical step in the process because the Illinois Beach area is a complex region with a wide variety of interests and stakeholders. For example, any given component of the plan can involve four levels of government (local, county, state, federal),

any number of regulatory agencies (i.e. the Environmental Protec-tion Agency, IL Department of Transportation, the Department of Energy, etc.), businesses, community groups, chamber’s of com-merce, residents and more.

Given the large variety of potentially conflicting interests and a history of fragmentation between municipalities, the Illinois Beach

region will benefit from a Special Area Management Plan. Such a plan is a coastal management tool used in regions with sensitive ecosystems or multiple stakeholders from various jurisdictions. The purpose of the SAMP is to provide a central body that can keep the plan moving forward.

2060 VISION: A well-integrated region built upon a vibrant economy, healthy environment, and publicly accessible coast.

Illinois Beach State Park


Once the stakeholders are on-board and momentum is building, it is time to Build. While the collaborate phase is about developing com-munity support, the build phase lays the physical foundation for achieving our 40-year vision. Build emphasizes three developments: place-making, green infrastructure, and enhanced public access.

• The objective of place-making is to create an environment, or a feel, that visually communicates the heart of the region. It involves a variety of tasks, including sig-nage, streetscaping, branding, and marketing. Place-making sets the foundation for a tourist economy.

• The goal of building green infra-structure is to protect, preserve,

enhance and restore the natural environment of the coastal region. Green-infrastructure is a comprehensive term including everything from expanding the avail-able green space within to improving storm-water management and increasing education and awareness of the region’s unique natural environment.

• Enhanced public access seeks to increase the accessibility of the coastal zone for all. Such initiatives include connecting and extending bike paths throughout the region and installing bicycle and cross-country ski rentals at the Metra stations.

The final phase of the plan is to Innovate. After the build phase has set the foundation, the innovate phase expands on earlier steps, taking them to the next level. The two central components of this phase are a regional shuttle and developing green industry.

• A regional shuttle will increase access to the park for those who take advantage of public transit. At first, the shuttle will run between the Il-linois Beach State Park, the Zion Metra station, North Point Marina, and the Winthrop Harbor Metra station, connecting public transit riders to

the coast. As the local econ-omy expands, the shuttle’s route will be expanded to include remote parking sites along the region’s cen-tral business corridor. Such an expansion will increase the foot traffic in local busi-nesses, supporting the local

economy. In addition, this expanded service will support the long-term goal of reducing non-point pollution in the park by reducing the num-ber of automobiles driving into the park.

“Maintaining the long-term vitality of our coastlines requires careful planning and evaluation of our progress in a variety of areas including the protection of ecosystem functions, support for coastal dependent uses, and incorporation of stakeholder interests for current as well as future generations.” - NOAA

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Proposed signage in Illinois Beach area


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• Perhaps the most exciting opportunity identified by the plan is that of green indus-try. While green industry gets a lot of public-ity, it is not always easy to implement. In the Illinois Beach Area, however, we believe there is a tremendous opportunity for wind energy for three reasons:

First, this region is home to the largest stretch of publicly owned land in the state. As such, an offshore wind-farm would likely have fewer obstacles to overcome than other stretches of the coast, which are primarily privately owned.

Second, because of the nuclear power station that currently being decommissioned, the area is already connected to the local power grid. This would likely reduce the amount of infrastructure required for implementing a wind-farm.

Finally, because the lake-bed is owned by the state, an opportunity exists for the state to license or lease its lake bed to a wind-farm company. Such an agreement could require the wind-farm opera-tor to commit funds to implement projects in the area recom-mended in the plan.

ConclusionThe Illinois Coastal Management Program states that it will “work to preserve, protect, restore, and where possible, enhance coastal resources in Illinois for this and succeeding generations.” This plan supports this mission and sets forth a vision of a well-integrated Illinois Beach area with a vibrant economy, healthy environment, and publicly accessible coast. Achieving this vision will pose its challenges, demanding a planning process by which a wide range of stakeholders Collaborate, Build, and, ultimately, Innovate.


Federal and State Coastal Management Program History The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) facilitates the development of poli-cies, standards, and processes for coastal resources management. It was adopted by 30 states and four territories, which adjoin the oceans and Great Lakes. The CZMA was signed into law on October 28, 1972. Illinois is the last coastal state without an ap-proved Coastal Management Program with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-ministration (NOAA). Illinois received Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) grant money from 1974 to 1976 to create a draft program document. Funding from the fed-eral government during this time period was matched by the State of Illinois. However, this document was never formalized because this funding was reallocated to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In 2004, the Illinois Coastal Management Program reintro-duced its proposal and began the process of approval from NOAA. The Illinois Depart-ment of Natural Resources (IDNR) became the lead administrating agency for the Illinois Coastal Management Program (ILCMP) and in January of 2009, IDNR submitted a draft program document. Formal approval by NOAA is expected in late 2011.1


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Introduction

This plan was created in the spring of 2011 by a team of urban planning graduate students from the University of Illinois at Chicago under the supervision of Professor Martin Jaffe. It is designed to assist the Illinois Coastal Manage-ment Program in prioritizing projects to be funded over the next 50 years. It was developed to address the anticipated impacts of climate change in Zones 1 and 2, which were defined by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). (Insert graphic of zone boundaries page 36 of http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/3_Boundary.pdf )

At the time of writing, the IDNR is preparing to submit a coastal management program proposal for Illinois to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This plan addresses the following areas of concern, which have been identified, by the IDNR as requiring special atten-tion:

• Public access and recreation• Water quality and supply• Shoreline erosion and stormwater runoff• Habitat, ecosystem and natural area restoration• Ravine systems• Land acquisition/easement opportunities• Energy generation and consumption• Education and public awareness

Over the course of the semester, data was collected and an-alyzed, and input was solicited from subject matter experts and a variety of local stakeholders, and was subsequently incorporated into the recommendations of the plan.

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Location and GeographyZones 1 and 2 are located approximately 40 miles from Chicago and Milwaukee. It serves roughly as the halfway point between the two Midwestern cities, which makes the area an ideal retreat for residents from both cities. The area is bounded by Green Bay Road to the west, Sunset/Golf/Greenwood Avenues to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, and the Illinois-Wisconsin border to the north.

Please note that this plan will focus on the Villages of Winthrop Harbor and Beach Park, and the City of Zion. The study area will be referred to as the Illinois Beach Area.

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Illinois Coastal Zones 1 & 2

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ILLINOIS BEACH AREA

Figure 2. Zones 1 & 2 are located adjacent to the Wisconsin border

Figure 1. Features of Illinois Beach area(Illinois Coastal Zones 1 & 2)


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land. Within the Dead-Kellogg Watershed there are eight ravine systems. This diverse ecosystem is home to one of the only natural coastlines in Illinois, which includes five beaches and one marina. Additionally, a section of the Illinois Beach Park Area lies within the Zion Beach-Ridge Plain, which is a large coastal sand plain that is nearly 18 miles long and extends from Kenosha, Wisconsin to North Chicago, Illinois. The Zion Beach-Ridge Plain is home to sev-eral different topographies like beaches, dunes, savannas, swales, marshes, and a rare wetland ecosystem called a panne.2

History of the Illinois Beach Area The Illinois Beach Area was originally occupied by the Miami tribe. By the 1700s, it was part of the Three Fires of the Algonquin Na-tion: the Potawatomi, Chippewa, and Ottawa. The second Chicago Treaty, signed on September 26, 1833, granted the United States government all of the land west of Lake Michigan up to Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin, moving the native nations west of the Mississippi River, opening the gates to privatization as well as unplanned development of the lakefront.

Preservation efforts to save the natural area started in late 1888, followed by legislative efforts in the 1920s. In 1948, the State of Illinois acquired the land that would become the South Unit of the Illinois Beach State Park and is currently home to the Nature Preserve. The Nature Preserve was dedicated in 1964 and was Illinois’ first nature preserve. The Northern End of the park, which extends from the Zion Nuclear Power Plant to the Wisconsin bor-der, was acquired between 1971 and 1982. The North Point Marina was opened by IDNR in 1989. Today, the Illinois Beach State Park and the North Point Marina are known as the Cullerton Complex, named after William J. Cullerton, a war hero and avid conserva-tionist.3

The Illinois Beach Area is accessible by Interstate 94, US Highway 41, and Illinois Routes 137, 173 and 131. Additionally, the area is accessible by the Metra Union Pacific North Line, with stations in Zion and Winthrop Harbor. Zones 1 and 2 are also accessible by the Zion Bike Trail and the Robert McClory bike path, which enables cyclists to bike continuously from the Cook County border to Kenosha, Wisconsin. The Illinois Beach Area is an environmentally diverse area. It is home to over 650 different plant species and 40 state-threatened and endangered species of plants and animals. The area is part of the Dead-Kellogg Watershed, which encompasses 18,563 acres of

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Pitcher’s Thistle, Threatened Plant Species, Illinois Beach State Park

Figure 2. Zones 1 & 2 are located adjacent to the Wisconsin border


Zion Nuclear Power StationThe Illinois Beach area is also home to the Exelon Zion Nuclear Power Station. This power station is located in between the Northern and Southern Units of Illinois Beach State Park. The Zion Nuclear Power Station is in the process of being decommissioned, which presents a unique opportunity to the Illinois Beach Area.

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The Exelon Zion Nuclear Power Plant is a prominent feature in the Illinois Beach area

Figure 3.1. As part of the decommissioning process nuclear waste will be stored on site

Figure 3. The Zion Nuclear Power Station currently separates the north and south units of Illinois Beach State Park


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linois Beach area was built in between 1960 and 1979. In addition, the most prevalent type of housing in the area is single-family de-tached homes. The median value of owner occupied units within the area is $201,267.5 The current economy within the Illinois Beach is largely manufac-turing based. However, the municipalities are targeting healthcare and retail as sectors for growth. For example, the largest industry in the City of Zion is healthcare as the Cancer Treatment Center of America, which employs 700 people, is located in the city.6 Aside from manufacturing and healthcare, retail trade is the third largest industry in the area at over 12%.7 Most residents of Beach Park, Zion and Winthrop Harbor work outside the community.

Demographics There are three municipalities within the Illinois Beach area. Win-throp Harbor and Zion were incorporated in the early 1900s, while Beach Park was incorporated in 1989. The total population within the Illinois Beach area was 55,795 in 2010.4 Overall, the population within Zones 1 and 2 has grown at a steady rate, gaining approxi-mately 5,000 new residents each decade. This trend is projected to continue over the next 40 years.

The majority of residents in the area are white, between the ages of 25 and 54. Over the past several years there has been an in-crease in African American, Latino and Asian populations. Most residents have completed high school and attended some college. The average median household income across the three munici-palities is $80,968. The majority of the housing stock built in the Il-

Occupation of WorkersIllinois Beach Area, 1990 to 2005 - 2009

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Figure 4. Breakdown of the Occupation of Workers in the Study Area Illinois Beach Area Worker

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Adeline Jay Geo-Karis Illinois Beach State Park The Adeline Jay Geo-Karis Illinois Beach State Park (IBSP) is home to the largest natural beach along Lake Michigan’s coastline. The entire park encompasses 4,160 acres and is one of the State of Illinois’ most visited natural areas, attracting over 1.2 million visitors annually.8 IBSP is home to some of the most diverse ecosystems in Illinois, with more than 650 species of plants and animals, about 50 of which are considered endangered. The park also features several microclimates that support unique rare habitats. Because of these unique resources, the IDNR has classified the park as one of five Special Management Areas under the Illinois Coastal Management Program.

At the park visitors can partake in a myriad of outdoor activities year-round, including kayaking, camping, hiking, sailing, biking, bird watch-ing, ice fishing, cross-country skiing and swimming. The park provides numerous opportunities for different types of outdoor recreation and has the potential to provide even more.9

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The piping plover, which can be found in the Illinois Beach State Park, is an endangered species under the federal Endangered Species Act

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IBSP, while a major asset for the region, faces many challenges. One major challenge is littoral drift, a phenomenon that occurs when waves and wind transport sand down the coast, shifting land over time. The cost to replenish the sand is upwards to $500,000 per year.

The park has experienced a decrease in attendance and funding. This may be partially the result of negative publicity it received in the media during the mid-2000s as the result of asbestos contami-nation.10 Decreased funding has forced cuts to educational pro-gramming, resulting in layoffs of park interpreters and the closing of the visitor’s center.11

North Point Marina The North Point Marina is the largest marina on the Great Lakes with over 900,000 visitors annually.12 It opened in 1989 and is owned and operated by the IDNR. North Point Marina has helped

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Source: L. Ferguson, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, February 16, 2011.

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Source: L. Ferguson, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, February 16, 2011.

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North Point MarinaOrigin of Boaters By Illinois Counties 2009

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Source: D. Suthard, North Point Marina, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, March 1, 2011.

Figure 5. The North Point Marina attracts boaters from around the region and is the largest on the Great Lakes

Figure 6. While attendance has decreased at Illinois Beach State Park, it has remained relatively constant at the North Point Marina over the past decade


boost the economy of the area, adding additional revenues for state and local governments. Overall, attendance at North Point Marina has remained relatively constant in the last few years, but the number of slips rented has been declining since 2007.13 The North Point Marina is 297 acres in total, which includes a 240-acre forest preserve. There are 1,477 boat slips available for rental. Renting a slip at North Point Marina is more afford-able than marinas in Chicago.14 North Point Marina is a des-tination for Illinois residents from northeastern counties. 93 percent of boaters at North Point Marina are from Illinois; 33 percent from Lake County and 29 percent from Cook County.15 The North Point Marina has two private businesses operat-ing on its land, a bar and restaurant, The Tropics, and Skipper Bud’s, a boat and repair shop that provides winter storage. Several companies also offer charter-fishing opportunities at North Point Marina.

North Point Marina has experienced some environmental is-sues and negative publicity in recent years. Forbes magazine named the North Beach at North Point Marina as the seventh most polluted beaches in America in 2009.16 In 2008, the wa-ter at the beach exceeded acceptable levels of contaminants on 61 percent of the days monitored, due to high levels of E. Coli attributed to the large seagull population.

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Source: D. Suthard, North Point Marina, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, March 1, 2011.

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Figure 7. While attendance rates have remained relatively constant at the North Point Marina over the past decade (see previous graph), boat slip rentals have decreased

The North Point Marina at the North end of the Illinois Beach area

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The Dead River Watershed is a complex of small lakes, wetlands and slow moving channels in Illinois Beach State Park


This plan works to confront the areas’ challenges and assets to best adapt to climate changes. The priorities of the ILCMP are addressed through a comprehensive set of specific goals, objectives, and strategies. Those policies are classified under five interconnected sections: Collaboration, Economic Development, Education and Outreach, Public Access and Recreation and Environment. The plan also includes a special area study of the Zion Nuclear Power Plant land.

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS


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Regional and Local Climate Change Predictions

In 2008 Katharine Hayhoe, Donald Wuebbles, and the Climate Science Team released Climate Change and Chicago: Projections and Potential Impacts in conjunction with the Chicago Climate Action Plan. According to the authors, the annual temperatures in Chicago have increased by more than 2°F since 1945 and by about 2.6°F since 1980. The authors also suggest that temperatures in the Great Lakes region will continue to increase over the next 50 years, as temperatures have already risen by approximately 4°F since 1900; precipitation will increase with more violent storms in

As early as 1859, scientists observed the potential impacts of a build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere; since then, numerous scientific studies on climate change have been conducted and multiple conventions of the international community have taken place in an effort to address this global issue.17 At the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Cli-mate Change (UNFCCC), climate change was defined as “a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.”18

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

ObservationsHigher EmissionsLower Emissions

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Projected increases in temperature over the next century

Article 3: Principles of the UNFCCC text advises that “the Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures.” The idea of taking action in the face of uncertainty is commonly referred to as ‘the precautionary principle,’ which guides efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Figure 8. High and Low Emissions Scenarios as a result of greenhouse gas emissions


An increase in annual temperatures of:2.5° F in near term3.6-5.4° F in mid-century5-8° F by end of the century22

An increase in intensity of storms and spring and winter increases in precipitation of:Up to 10% by mid-century20-30% by end of the centuryA decrease in lake levels, particularly for Lake Michigan-Huron of 100 to 250 cm (3 to 8 feet) by end of the century23

the spring and fall, and more frequent summer droughts. Warmer air temperatures and higher rates of evaporation and evapotranspiration, which increase moisture loss and decrease runoff, will lead to a decline in lake levels.19

A number of observations also show that climate change is already occurring locally:20 Trees and plants are flowering earlier in the springFrosts are occurring later in the fallMajor heat wave events have increased in recent yearsThe amount of winter ice on Lake Michigan is decreasingHeavy rainstorms are increasing in frequency

In 2010, the Journal of Great Lakes Research published an article that analyzed previous scientific research on climate change to make com-prehensive suggestions for Illinois and the Great Lakes region.21 The analysis suggests:

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Annual average observed temperature at Midway Airport from 1945-2005

Source: Hayhoe, K., Wuebbles, D., and the Climate Science Team (2008) pp9

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Figure 9. Temperature data from Midway Airport in Chicago, Illinois shows an overall increase in temperatures since 1985

Winter ice cover at the Illinois Beach State Park


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tures, increased precipitation, increased storm intensity, and lower lake levels in the Illinois Beach area. Each section of this plan contains measures to address expected climate change impacts.

Erosion will worsen as the result of multiple factors such as in-creased flooding from violent storms, increased development, and reduction in winter ice coverage. Adaptation strategies will be nec-essary to protect environmental and economic systems from the predicted impacts of climate change, particularly higher tempera-

Erosion in The Dead River Watershed

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SAMPs are plans or programs established to effectively implement projects with Coastal Zone Management funds in areas with unique challenges and disparate political players. As described by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), SAMPs are “resource management plans and implementation programs developed to im-prove the management of a discrete geographic area”.24 An appointed steering committee under the jurisdiction of the Coastal Management Program typically oversees SAMP plans and programs. Uniting dispa-rate political entities on the same steering committee provides a forum for discussion and integration. The structure and composition of the steering committee varies by location. SAMPs are used to supplement existing management programs, and work to “better align coastal policy or to address complex multi-jurisdictional coastal issues.”25

The Illinois Beach SAMP will provide a venue for collaboration be-tween Winthrop Harbor, Zion, Beach Park and IBSP. The SAMP will foster a community-driven process that prioritizes the development vision of municipal staff, business owners and community residents in the Illinois Beach area. There is great potential for the expansion of a tourism-based economy. The municipalities would benefit signifi-cantly from additional revenue, as property taxes, with the exception of Beach Park, are currently their primary source of revenue. Additional funds could be dedicated for mitigating the effects of climate change within IBSP and North Point Marina. The funds would be used for the proper management of the natural resources as well as community-based initiatives that improve residents’ quality of life such as bike path improvements, bicycle rental outlets for transit between the train and the beach, and landscaping. The Illinois Beach SAMP will secure and allocate funding for projects deemed most important for the region.

Despite the contiguity of the municipalities of Beach Park, Winthrop Harbor, Zion and IBSP, there is little interaction between the four politi-cal entities. Beach Park, Winthrop Harbor and Zion have their own gov-ernment structures with elected officials, departments and commit-tees. There are also three separate municipal Chambers of Commerce. Beach Park is the only municipality that has a formal relationship with IBSP, providing the park with fire and police services.

The establishment of the ILCMP provides IBSP and the surrounding municipalities with a prime opportunity to plan for the future of the area, taking into account the anticipated impacts of climate change and the current economic downturn. Although the municipalities and IBSP each have individual planning priorities, a unified vision and purpose will increase their ability to attract funding and implement projects.

Special Area Management Plans (SAMPs)Collaboration is essential to the successful implementation of projects within the Illinois Beach area that fit under this plan’s four overarching topics, which seek to adapt to the impacts of climate change. This plan recommends the creation of a Special Area Management Plan or SAMP (as authorized by the Coastal Zone Management Act), for Zones 1 and 2. The SAMP proposed for Zones 1 and 2 will be known as the Illinois Beach SAMP.

COLLABORATION


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The Ocean SAMP Technical Advisory Committee and the Ocean SAMP Science Advisory Task Force.

The stakeholders helped prioritize CRMC’s findings based on their experiences and CRMC in turned shared information with the public through its website, listserv, and monthly meetings. A Technical Advisory Committee was created to provide professional expertise to every chapter of the SAMP. The Science Advisory Task Force was created to provide input on research-based aspects of the SAMP. The Ocean SAMP now serves as a regulatory, plan-ning, and adaptive management tool. CRMC remains the agency

responsible for enforcing the SAMP.

Rhode Island’s SAMP governance structure provides a relevant model for Illinois to follow. The ILCMP is currently under the discretion of the IDNR. The ILCMP has established a Coastal Advisory Group (CAG) that can oversee the Illinois Beach SAMP, as Rhode Island’s CRMC oversees the Ocean SAMP.

The timeframe to organize stakeholders and compile a SAMP application to the Illinois Coastal Manage-ment Plan may take up to one year. Thus, it is recom-mended that the SAMP formation be given priority when implementing the ILCMP. Once the SAMP is in place, it will remain in perpetuity as long as the sig-natories of the plan remain, and the laws and regula-tions mandating the SAMP are not repealed.26

SAMP Formation and StructureThe State of Rhode Island provides a best practice SAMP example that illustrates the importance of collaboration. The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC), a state agency created by the General Assembly, is made up of appointed repre-sentatives of the public, state and local governments and a staff of professional engineers, biologists, environmental scientists, and marine resources specialists. The CRMC is responsible for the cre-ation of all new SAMPs. Beginning in 2007, the Rhode Island CRMC undertook a two-year research and planning process to develop a new SAMP, the Ocean SAMP. The Ocean SAMP was created along with three subcommittees: The Ocean SAMP Stakeholder Group,

Rhode Island Coastal Resource Management Program

Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council

Ocean SAMP Plan

Stakeholders Technical Advisory Committees

Science Advisory Task Force

Public Input

Rhode Island saMP stRuCtuRe

Figure 10. Case study of the structure of The Rhode Island SAMP


The SAMP’s Steering Committee will include individuals from vari-ous interest groups and organizations. The proposed members of the Steering Committee will include the following representatives:

Government and Quasi-Governmental agencies: A municipal of-ficial from Beach Park, Winthrop Harbor, and Zion, representatives from Illinois Beach State Park and the North Point Marina and members of the local Chambers of Commerce

Private organizations: Exelon (current owners of the decommis-sioned power plant), ZionSolutions LLC (working to decommission the power plant), various community businesses

Interest Groups: Sierra Club, Chicago Wilderness, Illinois Dunesland Preservation Society, Friends of Illinois Beach, Lake County, Lake County Stormwater Management Commission, nonprofit agencies

Community Members: Local schools, concerned citizens

The Illinois Beach SAMP will form an Environmental Technical Advisory Committee to advise the SAMP Steering Committee on environmental priority areas and emerging issues related to climate change. Climate change will require a comprehensive approach to planning that includes increased coordination across jurisdictions. The National Park Service’s Climate Change Response Strategy states: “New management strategies will need to be implemented with an unprecedented level of cooperation across jurisdictional boundaries. Effective conserva-tion will require an even greater emphasis on partnerships and multi-agency collaboration, as well as interdisciplinary teams.”27 The SAMP is a mechanism whereby the potential impacts of climate change occur-ring across political and geographic boundaries can be anticipated, planned for, and managed cooperatively.

The Illinois Beach SAMP will be funded through CZMA Section 306 grants, which are allocated for project implementation. The Illinois

Illinois Beach SAMPThe boundaries of the Illinois Beach SAMP will mirror the boundaries of the parts of Zones 1 and 2 as stated previously.

the goals of the Illinois Beach saMP are to:

• Encourage cooperation and communication between the partner municipalities, Illinois Beach State Park, and North Point Marina

• Engage stakeholders to create a unified vision for the Illinois Beach area

• Protect Illinois Beach State Park’s ecosystem

• Promote economic development activities within the Illinois Beach area

• Aid efforts by the partner municipalities, Illinois Beach State Park, and North Point Marina to adapt to expect-ed climate change impacts

• Increase local and regional awareness of Illinois Beach State Park through educational programs and market-ing campaigns


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laps with the Illinois Beach SAMP’s Steering Committee. Please see the Economic Development section for more detail on the IBDC and its proposed activities. The Illinois Beach SAMP will fund projects detailed in the following four sections.

Beach SAMP will also apply for various government and foun-dation grants from groups such as the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, Joyce Foundation, and USDA Conservation Partnership Initiative. In order to qualify for additional funding opportunities, this plan recommends the Illinois Beach SAMP form a nonprofit arm: the Illinois Beach Development Corporation (IBDC). IBDC will have one full-time staff member and a Board of Directors that over-

IBDCBOARD OF DIRECTORS

ILLINOIS BEACHDEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

ILLINOIS BEACHSPECIAL AREA

MANAGEMENT PLAN

• City officials from municipalities• Members from Chambers of Commerce• llinois Beach State Park Representitive• North Point Marina Representitive• Major private organizations representitives• Public interest groups representitives• Community members

ImplementatIon ILLINOIS BEACH

SAMP

Reccomendations from the ILLINOIS BEACH COASTAL PLAN

TECHNICAL ADVISORyCOMMIT TEE

ILLINOIS COASTALMANAGEMENT PROGRAM

COASTAL ADVISORyGROUP

SAMP STEERINGCOMMIT TEE

PRoPosed IllInoIs BeaCh s a M P stRuCtuRe

Figure 11. Proposed structure of The Illinois Beach SAMP


Vision: To promote and enhance the pristine, interconnected coastal ecosystem of the Illinois

Beach area

ENVIRONMENT


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The Illinois Beach area, is one of the most diverse and pristine natural areas in the Illinois. Dunes, oak forests, wetlands, two ravine systems and a unique microclimate support over 650 plant and animal species, more than 50 of which are endangered or threatened (see appendix __ for list).

The Dead River and Kellogg Creek Watershed encompasses much of Zones 1 and 2. The watershed is comprised of a complex system of streams, ravines, and major waterways that eventually feed into Lake Michigan. As the second largest of the great lakes, Lake Michigan is critical to the region—supplying water to over seven million people in Northeastern Illinois.28

As a result of development and an increase in paved land area, precipitation overwhelms streams and waterways. Additionally, the runoff can contain a variety of pollut-ants including motor oil and fertilizers.29 Runoff leads to increased erosion, which also contaminates the water with soil sediments. This cycle of development and runoff must be mitigated to ensure the sustainability of the area’s eco-system.

Communication with the public about the importance the area’s unique environment is critical to continued conserva-tion. Signage exists throughout the IBSP alerting of patrons of possible dangers including asbestos and feeding of wa-terfowl. However, educational and conservation signs are rarely found within Zones 1 and 2.

Future climate changes in the Illinois Beach area will result in increased flooding and erosion. Protection, restoration, education, and monitoring of the coastal ecosystem will be necessary to mitigate increased stresses on the natural and built environments.

ENVIRONMENT

Kellogg Creek Watershed

Dead River WatershedDead River

Kellogg Creek

Bull Creek

Dead Dog Creek

27th Street Tributary

Glen Flora Tributary

Hydrology of Illinois Beach State Parkand Surrounding Communities

Ponds, Other Water FeaturesWetlands

20 1Miles

Map Compiled by Erik Hunter Czaja, 4/5/11Data Sources: Lake County

DRAINAGE

DRAINAGE

Figure 12. Drainage in the Kellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds


Goals, Objectives, and StrategiesThree main environmental issues confront IBSP and are covered in this plan are: water quality, shoreline erosion, and conservation of the natural habitat.

Goal 1: Protect and enhance water quality with the Kellogg Creek and Dead River watersheds

Clean water is critical for both human consumption and healthy hydro-logical systems. In the Illinois Beach area, healthy ravines and wetlands and stable dunes are essential to a flourishing natural habitat.

objective 1: Promote Green Infrastructure to reduce stormwater run-off and reduce nonpoint pollution

1.1.1 Provide incentives for Best Management Practices in most effec-tive areas

1.1.2 Pursue land acquisition to connect existing green infrastructureImplement a wetlands restoration project to restore wetlands in critical areas

objective 2: Promote environmental education to the public 1. 2.1. Invest in educational signage throughout watershed

1. 2.2. Encourage volunteer work through local schools

Current ProjectsThe IDNR is currently working on various projects within Zones 1 and 2. The strategies presented in this plan are designed to complement the ecological programs being pursued by the IDNR in the Illinois Beach area as outlined below.

The IDNR is developing a statewide Clean Marina Program that will be implemented at North Point Marina. This incentive-based program will encourage boaters to protect coastal water quality through environ-mentally-friend practices.30

The IDNR contracts with a private firm that routinely sweeps the Park’s beaches for asbestos-containing material and oversees its disposal.

The IDNR has set aside nearly $2 million to fund the construction of a “rubble mound reef” off the shore of the IBSP North Unit. More funding will be required to complete the project.31 The exact site and length of this reef have not yet been established. Artificial reefs reduce the impact of wave-induced erosion, thus decreasing the amount of sand needed for beach nourishment.

Rubble Mound Breakwater

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Potential Sites for New Green InfrastructureKellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County

0 1 20.5 Miles´Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.17.11Sources: 2005 CMAP Land Use Inventory and Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, IL Accessed 3.28.11Projection: State Plane, Illinois East, NAD83

Hydrologic Soil Group BRunoff Class Low or Very Low

Existing GreenInfrastructure

Potential Sites for Green Infrastructure

Vacant

Vacant, Soil Group B

Vacant, Soil Group B, Adjacent to existing

Golf Rd

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Target Areas for Stormwater Best Management PracticesKellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County

´Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.17.11Sources: Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, IL Accessed 3.28.11Projection: State Plane, Illinois East, NAD83

0 1 20.5 Miles


Areas for BMPS within 200 ft ofSoil with Runoff Class High or Very High

Figures 13 and 14. Potential sites for green infrastructure improvements


estimates that the artificial addition of 80,000 cubic yards of sand is required to fully nourish the beaches of IBSP at a cost of $500,000 per year.32 Anthropogenic erosion is the result of inland human activity. Increased development and human presence threatens the dune-swale ecosystem and the ravines. Erosion within the ravines is critical because the unique microclimate provides a habitat for several rare species of plants. Addi-tionally, the ravines are the only natural drainage systems left in Illinois’ Lake Michigan watershed.33

Runoff Erosion: excessive water runoff erodes the slopes of ravines, harm-ing the habitats and drainage. The main contributors to water runoff are impervious surfaces and inadequate stormwater drainage infrastructure. Climate change is expected to increase precipitation and storm intensity, further exacerbating the problem. The introduction of green infrastruc-ture will help manage stormwater runoff by relieving pressure on existing systems.

objective 1: Protect and restore ravines

2.1.1 Implement a ravine restoration program

2.1.2 Provide incentives to limit development around ravines

objective 2: Maintain future rubble mound reef

In order to determine the ideal location for an artificial reef, IDNR needs to conduct a study of wave interaction with the shore. Moreover, there must be routine monitoring and adjusting of the breakwaters to ensure efficacy in combating shoreline erosion. Lastly, a partnership with the Army Corps of Engineers can be sought for the monitoring of beach ero-sion in order to analyze the reef impacts and sand re-nourishment needs.

Goal 2: Combat erosion throughout the Illinois Beach area

In addition to water quality concerns, the natural habitat of Illinois Beach area is threatened by three forms of erosion: shoreline erosion, human induced erosion, and runoff erosion.

Shoreline erosion is the result of littoral transport of sand that threat-ens the beachfront. Hardened structures on the coast north of the Illinois Beach area block the southward flow of sand, starving IBSP’s beaches. The Guide to the Geology of IBSP and The Zion Beach-Ridge Plan, Lake County Illinois by Mike Chrzastowski and Wayne Frankie

Stream erosion in the study area, 2011

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3.2.1. Develop a volunteer/internship program to remove invasive spe-cies

3.2.2. Create a program to monitor and identify invasive species in the Illinois Beach area

objective 3: Protect endangered species

3.3.1. Partner with local universities to study endangered species

3.3.2. Restore endangered and threatened species habitat through im-proved ecosystem connectivity

Performance Indices Performance indices allow for the quantifiable measurement of imple-mentation: • Beach and ravine erosion rates• Monitor water quality within IBsP• Monitor quality of water in the Marina• number of endangered and threatened species• using GIs, monitor changes in wetlands in IBsP

IBSP staff, IBDC and The Alliance for the Great Lakes will perform data collection with the potential to solicit volunteers from local universities and community groups.

2.2.1. Conduct feasibility studies to determine the best location for the reef

2.2.2. Monitor and maintain rubble mound reefGoal 3: Protect and increase the resilience of the natural habitat

Native plant species root the dunes in place keeping the coastal communities safe from natural devastation such as flooding and strong winds.

objective 1: Reduce destruction of native flora

3.1.1. Create educational signage detailing the importance of why visitors should keep off the dunes

3.1.2. Construct a boardwalk regulating human pathways

objective 2: Restore habitats affected by invasive species

“a thorough understanding of littoral processes, bathymetry, and wave conditions is necessary in order to achieve a workable design” - Coastal Engineering Technical Note, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station34

Case StudyPresque Isle State Park in Pennsylvania lies on the coast of Lake Erie. In 1978 the Army Corps of Engineers built a rubble mound breakwater that has been successful in combating erosion. The efficacy of the reef lies in its design, which consists of separate boulders layered to most effectively reduce the strength of incoming waves. The site is monitored several times annually through aerial photography and ground surveys. As subtle shifts in both the shoreline and the location of the reef mound are observed, the boulders are readjusted to restore the reef to full efficacy. Beach nourishment is still necessary at this site, but the need is greatly reduced with the breakwaters in place.


Vision: To create a tourism-based economy in the Illinois Beach area that leverages community assets and encourages environmental preservation to develop a vibrant and resilient coastal community.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT


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Winthrop Harbor, Zion and Beach Park are predominately bed-room communities. The vast majority of the over 20,000 jobholders between Green Bay Road and Lake Michigan commute out of the area for work, often traveling more than ten miles to reach their workplaces. Of the 7,000+ jobs that are available in the area, the vast majority are located along Sheridan Road in the eastern por-tion of the Illinois Beach area.35

With relatively few businesses to provide revenue to the munici-palities, property taxes provide the preponderance of funds for municipal services and infrastructure extension and maintenance. The municipalities recognize that they must take steps to create new sources of capital and have established Tax Increment Financ-ing districts (TIFs) in an attempt to encourage commercial devel-opment. Thus far, however, economic development efforts have been unsuccessful. New construction permitting data shows that very limited development has oc-curred in recent years.

Economic stagnation in the Illinois Beach area can be overcome by leveraging regional assets. Currently the municipalities are ineffective in capitalizing IBSP and North Point Marina visitors, which draw over one million people to the coast each year. This high volume of IBSP visi-tors provides tremendous opportu-nity to build a sustainable tourism industry.

Several other factors support the potential for tourism-centered com-mercial development. The Illinois Beach area is conveniently located

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTJob Density in the Illinois Beach Area, 2009

3018 - 4712 Jobs / Mi2

1700 - 3017 Jobs / Mi2

759 - 1699 Jobs / Mi2

194 - 758 Jobs / Mi2

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Created by Ian LudwigApril 25, 2011NAD 1983 StatePlane Illinois EastData from U.S. Census Bureau “Local Employment Dynamics

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“If we do not secure new, non-residential revenue streams, we will not be able to sustain our current level of municipal services, nor invest in ongoing and necessary capital improvement/ infrastructure projects”

- The Necessity for Change: Winthrop Harbor Plan for EconomicDevelopment (2010)36

Figure 15. Density of employment, 2009, Illinois Beach Area


the goals and values of the Coastal Management Act.

This plan recommends the creation of a 501(c)(3) non-profit called the Illinois Beach development Corporation (IBDC), whose mission will be to advance the cause of regional tourism driven by unique envi-ronmental assets. The IBDC Board will consist of representatives from the municipal governments and Chambers of Commerce of Winthrop Harbor, Zion, and Beach Park as well as staff members from North Point Marina and IBSP. The ILCMP will provide funds for the IBDC Board to hire an Economic Development Director. The EconomicDevelopment Director will carry out cross-municipal community plan-ning around ecologically friendly economic development, feasibility studies, aggressive marketing, and networking with appropriate foun-dations and potential corporate partners.

Goals, Objectives, and Strategies Goal 1: To develop a cooperative, self-sustaining tourism economy

objective 1.1: to create a regional economic development strategy

Strategy 1.1.1: Develop a coordinated vision across municipal bound-aries to brand the area as a tourism destination and generate commu-nity buy-in

Developing a unified vision is a crucial first step in branding the Illinois Beach area as a tourism destination. IBDC staff will involve stakehold-ers in this process by hosting activities like community visioning meet-ings and design charettes. This will generate the community buy-in that is a precondition for branding and placemaking.

approximately 40 miles from Chicago and Milwaukee. Metra trains from Chicago and Kenosha, Wisconsin, stop in Winthrop Harbor and Zion, further increasing accessibility to IBSP. Additionally, IBSP contains the only remaining natural coastal region in Illinois. Climate change will lead to hotter, longer summers, drawing even more visitors to the beach. All of the necessary elements exist to transform the Illinois Beach area into a viable vacation destination.

If the Illinois Beach area is to develop a robust tourism indus-try, local stakeholders must care for their natural resources. The connection between economic health and long-term environ-mental preservation cannot be overstated. Communities suffer-ing economically have little in-centives to properly manage pre-cious environmental resources. With IBSP and North Point Marina as drivers of the local economy, the Illinois Beach area will have a vested interest in pursuing ef-fective environmental-protection strategies, such as responsible stormwater management and municipal water loss remediation. It is critical to address such environmental management issues in light of climate change impacts that will threaten coastal resources.38

Assistance from the emerging ILCMP will help these municipalities develop tourism as an economic engine to propel them out of their current financial struggles. ILCMP has a unique opportunity to provide cross-municipal planning and technical assistance in support of an environmentally friendly tourist destination. Funding from ILCMP will serve as a catalyst for a self-sustaining regional economy that advances

“The whole community can be viewed as shareholders and as participants in the dividends of public infrastructure investment in the use of public goods.” (Murphy, 1985)37


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20,000 vehicles per day, reflecting its importance as a regional traffic route.44 Most of the commercial development in the eastern parts of the surround-ing municipalities is located along Sheridan Road, making it a local activity hub. In an attempt to har-ness this activity, WinthropHarbor, Zion, and Beach Park have developed Tax Increment Financing districts (TIFs) alongSheridan Road.

Despite high traffic counts and development incen-tives, the Sheridan corridor fails to capitalize on mil-lions of tourists who visit the area each year. Com-mercial development along Sheridan Road must offer amenities to visitors as well as identify the corridor as a destination gateway. A strong coastal identity will draw more visitors to the corridor and become a powerful symbol for marketing the area.

Without a stakeholder-driven visioning process, there is a risk that locals will develop bitterness toward visitors whom they view as intruders.41 A warm reception from communities has been shown to be a significant factor in visitor enjoy-ment of a destination location.42 It is therefore necessary for Illinois Beach area residents and businesses to develop a conscious commitment to tourism.

The community engagement process that is nec-essary to generate this commitment can be time consuming and contentious. Nonetheless, there is no replacement for an organic visioning pro-cess. Through consulting with citizens, business owners, local government officials, and repre-sentatives of the IBSP, the IBDC staffer will both advance a brand that truly reflects local flavor and garner community support for a unified vision.

Strategy 1.1.2: Develop a corridor plan that re-images Sheridan Road as a gateway to the Illinois Beach area’s tourist attractions

Sheridan Road is a heav-ily used arterial that runs through Beach Park, Zion, and Winthrop Harbor. It serves as the unofficial di-vider between the munici-palities and the IBSP, as well as the gateway to the Park. Average annual daily traffic counts on the stretch of Sheridan Road that borders IBSP range from 15,000 to

“Hostile or indifferent residents can have a negative impact on visitors. Steps to resolve conflicts between the community’s values and beliefs and tourism development may be needed. Comprehensive planning considers the potential benefits from tourism development and the potential social and environmental costs of development.”(Heming,1990) 43

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Sheridan Road and 21st St, Zion, IL


Proposed branding improvements in the Illinois Beach area A single theme unites the three municipalities


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To achieve consistent branding, IBDC staff will work with Winthrop Har-bor, Zion, and Beach Park to develop a corridor plan emphasizing a coastal theme along Sheridan Road defined by a mutual benefit agreement (MBA). As the existing TIFs expire or are retired, the whole corridor will become a Business Improvement District (BID) adminis-tered by the IBDC.

The MBA, and later the BID, along Sheridan will

cultivate a beach and harbor theme for tourism-oriented commer-cial business by adopting form-based zoning. Rather than dictat-ing exactly what shape development will take, form-based codes

regulate architectural materials and quality, landscape design, plant materials, signage constraints, and even stormwater drain-age. The form-based codes along Sheridan will prioritize pedestri-an scale, walkability, and bikeability, which will set the stage for the launch of the Illinois Beach and North Point Marina shuttle system (see Public Access & Recreation §3.3).

Learning from others: the Burnham Planning award-winning Roosevelt Road Redevelopment strategy initiated

by Berwyn, Cicero, and Oak Park is an excellent example of best practices for this type of collaborative corridor.

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A single theme unites the three municipalities Examples of discrepancies in streetscaping in the Illinois Beach area


IBDC will work to develop programming in support of tourism-related start-ups and small businesses in the Illinois Beach area. To this end, IBDC will establish linkages between local Chambers of Commerce (Winthrop Harbor, Zion, and Beach Park), regional development agen-cies (such as Lake County Partners), and local educational institutions. The IBDC staff person will also perform a thorough inventory of locally available development incentives to compose a resource “tool-kit” for tourism-based enterprises.

The IBDC staff person will work with this group of stakeholders to establish an incubation program that will provide technical assistance to potential tourism entrepreneurs. The National Business Incubation Association estimates that 87% of businesses that begin with incu-bation succeed after four years compared to only 44% that succeed without.45 Developing an incubator focused on tourism-related fields, such as hospitality and recreational equipment rental, will substantially increase the rate at which the local industry grows.

objective 1.2: Foster a supportive business environment

Strategy 1.2.2: Provide incentives for tourism-based businesses

Illinois Beach area must attract commercial development that comple-ments a tourism-based economy. This includes equipment rental facili-ties, bait shops, themed bars, cultural venues, retail, restaurants, and hotels. Methods such as permit fast-tracking and business tax reduc-tion can be used to lure these types of establishments to the area.

Incentivizing only summer, beach-related businesses would be a mistake. It is important to nurture businesses that will bring visitors to the region year-round. Otherwise, off-season unemployment could become a drag on local resources, undercutting the tourism develop-ment strategy. Thus it is recommended that the municipalities provide additional incentives to shoulder on- and off-season attractions, such as businesses that rent snowshoes and cross-country skis. Strategy 1.2.2: Support the local tourism industry by establishing a mixed-use business incubation program


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Strategy 1.2.2: Launch a marketing campaign to reach new visitors and inspire long-time users After the Illinois Beach area brand is established through a com-munity visioning process and relevant market research, IBDC will begin targeted marketing campaigns. These marketing campaigns will be pitched differently to appeal to specific demographic seg-ments, such as outdoor sports enthusiasts, families, nature lovers, or corporations seeking retreat locations. IBDC will work closely with Metra and the Chicago Regional Transit Authority (RTA) to market IBSP and North Point Marina inside mass transit stops and on trains and buses. Additionally, IBDC staff will work to attract marquee events and fes-tivals to celebrate the region’s assets. Potentially examples include an annual Illinois Beach Triathalon and Piping Plover Festival.

objective 1.3: Research and launch a campaign to effectively market local assets

Strategy 1.2.1: Conduct a destination visitor survey at IBSP and NPM

IBDC will conduct an entry/exit survey of visitors to IBSP and NPM to determine an accurate profile of current visitors, detailing their demography, mode of travel, behavior and spending patterns, as well as their expectations and levels of satisfaction. Collect-ing this data will clarify currently engaged market segments and identify potential target markets, establishing a baseline by which to judge the success of any marketing campaign. In addition, by demonstrating the potential purchasing power of visitors to IBSP and NPM, this study will be a valuable asset in making the case for tourism investment to local stakeholders.

Learning from others: the marketing of Ravinia in Highland Park—also on the Union Pacific Chicago to Kenosha Metra

line—is an excellent example of best practices for attracting mass transit tourism.


Vision: To enhance access to and recreation within the Illinois Beach area

PUBLIC ACCESS & RECREATION


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Public access is a central aim of the ILCMP. The majority of the coastline in the Illinois Beach area belongs to the IDNR and is open to the public. However, accessing the coast can be challenging. For visitors traveling by car, entrances to IBSP are poorly marked; pe-destrians must walk over half a mile (from Metra stations or Sheri-dan Road) along undeveloped corridors that lack lighting and are overall unfriendly to pedestrians; cyclists are unable to travel along a continuous bike path due to the lack of linkages between the various bike paths. Since almost the majority of the Illinois Beach area coastline is open to the public, the ILCMP focuses on acces-sibility to the coast through increasing transportation options as well as orienting visitors within the Park.46

Along Sheridan Road three intersections have been identified as strategic entrances, or nodes47, to IBSP and the NPM. These three intersections have an average daily traffic count range of 16,000 to 20,000 vehicles.48 With so much traffic, these nodes are important focal points for incoming visitors. 49 Unfortunately, a lack of direc-tional signs identifying these nodes creates problems for visitors, making it easy to overlook the entrances to the IBSP and NPM. Ad-ditionally, this lack of connection creates inconveniences to cyclists and potential traffic accidents for those trying to reach IBSP. 50

Sheridan Road is a state road and is thereby under the jurisdiction of the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT). Place making and directional signage, falls under the jurisdiction of each munici-pality. With so many stakeholders, collaboration and coordination between the various stakeholders are critical to enhance access to the park. Collaboration between the municipalities (Zion and Winthrop Harbor) and IDOT is essential to create these focal points and can be achieved through the collaboration efforts provided in the Special Area Management Plan (SAMP).

In addition to increasing public access, the plan calls for enhanc-ing the recreational opportunities within the Illinois Beach area.

PUBLIC ACCESS & RECREATION

PROPOSED ACCESS NODES:a. Entrance to ISBP - 20,000 cars daily averageb. Zion Metra Station - 19,100 cars daily averagec. Entrance to Marina - 11,600 cars daily average

Source: Google Maps / Data: State of Illinois Department of Transportation

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Figure 16. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) at important nodes in the Illinois Beach area


Goals, Objectives, and StrategiesGoal 1. Improve public access to the coast

Nearly the entire Illinois Beach area’s coastline is available to the public. There are, however, obstacles for visitors navigating their way to and in the park. Because of this, the focus of this section emphasizes opportu-nities to enhancing accessibility to the coast by increasing transporta-tion options and enhancing visitor orientation and experiences within the Park. 52

objective 1. Improve visibility of and signage within IBsP and nPM

Create welcoming entrance points to orient people to the areaImplement a comprehensive signage plan to assist visitors in accessing destinations within the area

Existing activities within the area include swimming, camping, walk-ing, fishing, hiking, and nature watching. 51 Additional opportunities to leverage the region’s natural assets can include kayaking, paddleboats in the lagoons, parasailing, beach volleyball and more.

Further, the construction of a plaza or amphitheatre near the NPM could serve as host to community-building events such as a farmer’s market, fairs, and musical or theatrical performances. During the winter, the plaza may become an ice skating rink and could be used to hold seasonal markets and festivals similar to the Chriskindlmarkt in Chicago’s Daley Plaza.

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Example of proposed signage to be installed at entrances and within the IBSPOutdoor farmer’s markets provide an opportunity for community-building


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objective 2. Create efficient public and recreational transpor-tation links

1.2.1. Create interconnected lanes and trails to link existing paths within the state owned-lands to the surrounding municipalities.

1.2.2 Extend walking paths from the IBSP and NPM to rail stations

1.2.3 Build a path from the NPM to the North Beach

objective 3. develop a comprehensive regional transporta-tion plan

1.3.1. Establish “Request a Stop” service on Metra The Metra Union Pacific North line that runs from Chicago to Kenosha, Wisconsin, provides service to the Villages of Zion and Winthrop Harbor. Visiting the park on weekends, however, is inconvenient because the Metra stops infrequently at Winthrop Harbor and Zion, with only half of the trains stopping at the two stations. 53 A pilot program in which trains provide stops on a request only basis, similar to the one existing on other routes like the Rock Island and Metra Electric Lines, is recommended. The pilot program will also require an advertising campaign to an-nounce the new offering.

1.3.2. Provide bicycle and ski rentals adjacent to Metra stations 1.3.3. Change the name of existing Metra stations to identify the stops with the IBSP and NPM

The IBSP and the NPM are major attractions. Linking station names with the areas two largest attractions can help increase awareness to the regional public. Ravinia Park Station in nearby Highland Park serves as a precedent. A potential challenge to such an effort

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Figure 17. Existing public transportation infrastructure


Once a sufficient increase in riders of mass transportation is met, the area will need to address increased transportation demands. The train station at Zion is 1.3 miles from the entry to IBSP, making it beyond the walking threshold for the typical visitor. 54 With increased train stops and higher rates of ridership, it may be necessary to accommodate more visitors to the IBSP and North Point Marina. A shuttle bus service, between the stations, the Marina, and the Park can be instituted on a trial basis. Potential opportunities to expand this service could include stops along the Sheridan Road business corridor. The primary obstacle will be the cost of running such a shuttle. Such costs could, however, be mitigated by increases in regional tax revenues resulting from an increase in visitors to the area.

Indicators for Goal 1:

• yearly traffic count at the three focal points• Statistics on the increase of visitors to the IBSP and North Point

Marina • Results of IBDC surveys of visitors to the area• Traffic count of bicyclist using bike lanes• Counting the number of passenger/visitors using the trails• Increase in the number of passenger using the train to visit the

park

Goal 2. Enhance recreational and community building activities

The Illinois Beach area is rich with natural features catering to many recreational uses. However, community spaces of recreation are limited. As such, the plan emphasizes opportunities to develop social gathering spaces that complement the area’s natural environment while offering increased outlets for entertainment.

might involve the cost of name changing, from signs to printing of new schedules to web site updating. Both strategies 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 will require the collaboration and support of Metra as owner, Union Pacific Railroad as operator and, the municipalities of Zion and Winthrop Harbor.

1.3.4. Develop a regional shuttle service between the train stations and key nodes within the region. (photo of shuttle service)

ILLINOIS BEACH STATE PARKWINTHROP HARBOR/IBSP

Shuttle Every 15 Minutes

Welcome!

Proposed renaming of Metra stations near park entrances

Proposed shuttle to be implemented once specific economic and attendance goals have been met


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Point Marina, residents and visitors alike can enjoy farmer’s markets, festivals, fairs and other events. In addition, this space could be leased to private entities to bring in revenue to IDNR. Such a venue will require the collaboration of a number of stakeholders with dif-ferent interests. Additionally, such an effort will be limited in reach if it is built before there are a sufficient number of visitors to utilize it.

Chicago’s Navy Pier serves as precedent for this type of intervention. It is one of the greatest success stories in creating new access and recreation. What in the late 1980s was abandoned dock space and deteriorated buildings has been transformed into the most popular tourist destination along the Illinois shore and the entire state. 56

Indicators for Goal 2:

• Use of statistics showing an increase in attendance to the park• Conducting surveys of visitor’s preference to provide data, on

which activities are preferred, so priorities for funding and al-locations can be made

objective 1: enhance and increase year-round recreational activities

2.1.1 Increase programming through DNR funded initiativesThe IBSP is currently underutilized, lacking in year-round amenities. Expanding the range of recreational activities will make the area more attractive to visitors. Additionally, increased programming can serve as additional source of revenue. 55 Special caution must be place to ensure that additional programming will not impose an environmental burden on the ecosystem with careful selection of sites and activities.

objective 2: Create recreational and cultural venues in the Il-linois Beach area

2.2.1 Build a plaza or amphitheater at the North Point Marina

While several recreational opportunities exist within the region, Zones 1 and 2 do not have many cultural centers or places of community building. By creating a gathering space near the North

Case Study Puerto Rico Public Access Signs (proyecto de señales para el acceso público)

The Puerto Rico Coastal Management Program developed a new standardized public access sign project, which uses easily recognizable international symbols for recreational coastal activities. 57 The signs also identify potential risks such as strong currents, high wave energy, and coastal storms. Additionally, the Coastal Program developed sitting guidelines for sign placement. These new signs are being placed around the Island to better identify public access sites, identify appropriate activities at each site, and better protect coastal resources. The Coastal Program is also in the process of developing public access inventories and brochures for each segment of the coast. The west coast was recently completed, and brochures have been distributed throughout coastal municipalities in local government buildings, libraries, and natural reserves.


EDUCATION & OUTREACH

Vision: Leverage the natural environment as a source of education and research

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objective 1: Increase outreach to community residents and visi-tors

1.1.1 Create a Coastal Interpreter staff position

The first step of the outreach initiative is to staff a Coastal Inter-preter. This position would be modeled off of the DNR “park inter-preter” program, but the Coastal Interpreter will have a broader focus on IBSP and communities within Zones 1 and 2. The Coastal Interpreter will be responsible for spearheading events to engage residents and visitors about the area’s natural environment. As one of the most visited parks in the State, IBSP already meets the DNR’s Office of Land Management and Edu-cation criteria of needing an interpreta-tive staff.

1.1.2 Reopen the Nature Center

The Coastal Interpreter can provide programming support to activities related to the Nature Center, such as school educational tours.

1.1.3 Improve the IBSP website

Another crucial preliminary method to increase outreach is through the use of technology. An improved IBSP website will provide potential visitors an interactive view of the area and its offerings.

objective 2: establish educational programming

1.2.1 Partner with local schools to develop curriculum that focuses on environmental education

Education will play a critical role in the continued management and protection of the coast in the Illinois Beach area. The ILCMP places priority on educational projects that address both program development and public awareness.58

Reductions in educational programming and closure of the Nature Center in Illinois Beach State Park have also reduced opportuni-ties to engage residents and visitors of the area’s unique natural environment.

This plan calls for greater outreach to the community in order to build awareness of the area’s unique natural environment. This will be done through working with local schools, partnering with organizations with existing coastal environment programming, providing new research opportunities within IBSP, and enhancing the use of technology.

Goals, Objectives, and StrategiesGoal 1: Build educational awareness of the natural environ-ment

The plan calls for outreach to schools, community groups, vol-unteers and tourists of the neighboring communities to foster stewardship of the coast.

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“[Interpreters] inspire an increased awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the natural heritage of Illinois.”59

-Illinois Department of Natural Resources


• Illinois Institute of Technology: Environmental Management Pro-gram

• University of Illinois at Chicago: Urban Planning and Policy-Envi-ronment Concentration

2.1.1 Provide an existing IBSP facility for ecological and environmental research

2.1.2 Create an internship program dedicated to coastal environment research

The ILCMP can provide educational programming through the Coastal Interpreter. By enhancing educational curricula to discuss specific topics related to the coastal area, such as climate change, storm water cycles, etc., the educational programming will spark early interest in protecting the natural environment. Educational programs should be modeled off of another Illinois state park, Wildlife Prairie State Park, which provides diverse and dynamic programs for students and visi-tors.

1.2.2 Create the Environmental Corps Leadership Program

Aside from grade school students, DNR can also provide educational programming for other members of the communities. It is proposed that DNR establish the Environmental Corps Leadership Program, a yearlong program that includes monthly workshops to educate com-munity leaders on the environment and the coast. The program can be modeled similar to Indiana Watershed Leadership Program.

Goal 2: Promote area as an environmental research hub

The Illinois Beach area has a unique ecological habitat coupled with challenging environmental conditions. The plan calls for DNR to pro-mote this area as a site for researchers to study in order to find possible solutions the impact of climate change on the coast and the existing ecology of the area. Nearby local research institutions and students can be called upon for this type of research.

objective 1: establish partnership with environmental research projects at local universities

The following institutions have been identified as good matches due to their research interests and department specializations.

• Lake Forest College: Environmental Studies Department• College of Lake County: Earth Sciences Program

Case Study

Indiana Watershed Leadership Academy – Promoting Environmental Awareness and Management Skills

Through collaboration with research and education experts, the Indiana Watershed Leadership Program aims to build a more effective support network for watershed management. This program is organized by Purdue University and the Extension Water Quality Program. Support is provided through a 319 Clean Water Act grant from the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. How the Academy Works

The academy incorporates a combination of:• Web-based distance learning via participants’ personal

computers.• Face-to-face class sessions.• A group learning project.

Participants complete a series of online lesson modules that include readings, assignments, and discussion over a five month period. Face-to- face meetings promote networking and allow opportunities to pursue specialized topics in-depth. Each participant completes a learning project on a topic of special interest. Graduates of the Indiana Watershed Leadership Academy earn a Professional Certificate in Watershed Management.60


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Special Study Area:Zion Nuclear Power Station


It is important to recognize how the decommissioning of the Zion Nuclear Power Plant will affect the parameters of the Illinois Coastal Management Plan. The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 states that state coastal zone management programs should include, “each of the following required program elements… (H) A planning process for energy facilities likely to be located in, or which may significantly affect, the coastal zone, including a process for anticipating the man-agement of the impacts resulting from such facilities.”61

Plant Background The Zion Nuclear Power Station, owned by Exelon Corporation, sits on 257 acres of land, which divide IBSP into its northern and southern sections. The power plant consists of two units, the first operating from December 1973 to February 1997 and the second operating from September 1974 to September 1996. In February of 1998 both units were permanently shut down, and all remaining fuel was moved to the spent fuel pool. Due to lack of funds for decommissioning, the plant remained vacant for the following decade. In 2008 Exelon transferred its license and decommissioning funds to Zion Solutions, a company that specializes in the processing and disposal of nuclear materials. The decommissioning began in September of 2010. The project will cost $1 billion over the course of 10 years, making it the largest commercial nuclear plant dismantling ever undertaken in the United States.

Decommissioning The site will be decommissioned in three phases–moving spent fuel from wet to dry storage, removal of any potentially radioactive materi-als, and site restoration. This process will include the removal of all ma-jor equipment and buildings with the exception of the spent fuel rods, electrical switchyard, and roads. The spent fuel rods will be removed from the facility’s spent fuel pool into dry cask storage. The caskets will take up approximately a football field-sized piece of land.

SPECIAL STUDy AREA – ZION NUCLEAR POWER STATION

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been determined what the land will be used for after the decommissioning. The final loca-tion of the spent fuel rods will depend on the passing of federal legislation for a national repository; the time frame for its removal from the area is unknown. Given the requirement by the CZM Act and the unknown nature surrounding the owner-ship of the land, the CZM plan for Zones 1 and 2 includes the Zion Nuclear Power Plant as an area of concern. The plan highlights various topics of consideration, reviews three different ownership scenarios, and concludes with possible recommendations. The authors of the plan recognize that not all ownership scenarios are covered here, and recommenda-tions will focus primarily on the opportunity available for alternative energy development on the site.

Considerations

Security According to ZionSolutions, beyond 10 feet from the dry caskets radiation levels are null. Exelon is required to provide guards at all times as well as install state of the art security equipment at the site. These measures respond to the concerns of safety hazards for residents in the area.

ZionSolutions proposed to build berms around the field to obscure its view from the lake and surrounding areas. The site will then be graded and seeded to return it to its natural state. The site will be then be released for unrestricted public use, meaning that residual contamination poses no threat to public health as prescribed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Once ZionSolutions has completed dismantling, it will transfer the license back to Exelon for storage maintenance and security of spent fuel. It has not yet

SPECIAL STUDy AREA – ZION NUCLEAR POWER STATION

Excelon Zion Nuclear Power Station now and a rendering of the dismantled site


Since ZionSolutions has already committed to restoring the site to match the surrounding area, this creates an opportunity to connect the north and south units of IBSP at little cost to the State. As of 2011, a recreational path connects the area just west of the plant and the Zion community. Currently there are no designated paths leading to the beach in this area. This plan recommends connecting this bike path to both the beach and the rest of the park, as well as designating a conservation easement along to coast to protect the area from unde-sirable forms of development. Funding options As IDNR only has funding to purchase easements for forested areas, other funding sources need to be examined for these easements.62 This plan recommends negotiating with Exelon to have the easement gifted in return for tax abatements. If this is unsuccessful, CZM funding may be used for easements to provide greater public access.

Scenario 2: Public Ownership In scenario two, the land would be gifted by Exelon to Zion, the municipality in which the site is located. This would open up several options for the City of Zion. Only 60 of the 257 acres of the site will be kept for the storage of spent fuel, leaving nearly 200 acres for the City to pursue its own lakefront park, or to use the area as an economic development opportunity.63 The City could lease or sell the land for a similar—utility or industrial--or, as recommended by this plan, pursue tourism based development given the site’s unique location dividing the state park. Restaurants, sports rentals, and small shops could be at-tracted to the site to serve park visitors. This could provide tax revenue for the municipality while also increasing attendance at IBSP.

Environment Due to future changes in climate, Zones 1 and 2 may experience decreased lake levels, higher temperatures, and intensified storms. Such changes could affect the spent fuel storage units because of their close proximity to the coast. As a result of the unpredictability of these changes as well as the possibility of natural disasters such as earthquakes, future plans for the Zion Nuclear Power Station site must recognize the risks associated with the spent fuel tanks as long as they remain on the site. As previously discussed, erosion and sand mitigation are major issues for much of the coast. The portion along the nuclear power plant is hardened with large boulders; therefore, erosion is not a concern for this specific area.

Scenarios • Status Quo• Public Ownership• Private Development

Scenario 1: Status Quo In scenario one, Exelon will maintain ownership and the site’s only use will be for the nuclear storage. Given the difficulty of predicting the cost of and private or public interest in the site before decommission-ing is completed, it is important to plan for the site to remain vacant. This plan puts forth that the best practice in this scenario would be for a conservation and public access easement to be granted along the coast of the nuclear property.


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of offshore wind farming. If Exelon is not interested in redevelop-ing the site, the best case would be for Exelon to allow a private al-ternative energy firm to either purchase or gift the site to create an offshore wind farm. Not only could the wind farm bring a reliable form of energy for northeastern Illinois while reducing the effects of climate change through reduced carbon emissions, it could also serve to create jobs and investment in the community. Also, given that the site is located between the two units of ISBP no views from private property would be obstructed, a common argument against wind farms. In fact, this wind farm could become a show-piece for the IBSP, for Zion, and for the State as it would be one of the first freshwater wind farms in the world.

Funding options Scenario 2 assumes that the land would be gifted to Zion, so there would be no cost to Zion or the State for the acquisition of the land. CZM funds are available for both government coordina-tion and decision making as well as community planning, both of which will be required to develop this site, as well as to coordinate and attract business to locate on the site. While any infrastructure investments will need to be funded by the City, many already exist on this site, including roads, water, and electricity lines.

Scenario 3: Private Development The final scenario is private development through either Exelon redeveloping the site or selling it to a private firm. Given the infrastructure investment that has been required for the Zion Nuclear Power Plant, the CZM authors find that using the site to build a renewable energy facility, specifi-cally an off shore wind farm, would be the best use of site for this scenario. This facility could be built either by Exelon or a private alternative energy developer. In 2010 Exelon entered the wind energy market through acquisition of 36 wind projects from John Deere Renewables. In Exelon’s 2020 Strategy, the company plans to offset more than 15 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year by 2020.64 This site would be an excellent op-portunity for Exelon to not only offer more low-carbon electricity in the marketplace, but also to act as an innovator in the field

Photo: Sandia National Laboratories, sandia.gov


Costs There are also several costs to take into account when developing this site. First are the costs associated with feasibility assessments and determining the optimal site location. Assessments should be under-taken on issues with ice cover, wildlife, safety and security, community support and economic feasibility. A project of this magnitude would require the consultation of alternative energy specialists to ensure that all development issues have been addressed. Site location is an important aspect in developing this technology. First the site must be able to produce enough wind power to make the wind farm a viable option. Wind power is classified on a scale from one to seven. In general, wind power class 4 or higher can be useful for generating wind power using large turbines.9 As seen on the map

Benefits There are several benefits to investing in off shore wind energy. A wind farm would provide a large, pollution-free source of electricity and would curtail global warming. Also, given the sites location near a major population center where energy costs are high and land based wind power opportunities are limited, off shore wind could provide energy without dedicating land to more transmission lines. Though the initial investment is large, offshore wind is also a cost effective method of producing energy. With energy costs on the rise, and the higher cost associated with other forms of renewable energies such as solar or geothermal, wind power may be an excellent choice for the area. Studies have shown that a single 60 Hz 2MW turbine can pro-duce roughly 4,900 MWh per year, and with sufficient R&D technology improvements, by 2012 a 500 MW off shore wind power plant could produce costs of $0.041/kWh.65 This is on par with nuclear ($0.02/kWh) and coal ($0.03/kWh), and less expensive than natural gas ($0.05/kWh) and oil ($0.12/kWh).66

Also, the wind farm has the potential to create jobs the area. A compa-rably sized wind farm to be built on Lake Erie off the shore of Cleveland will create 600 new jobs from manufacturing, engineering and mari-time jobs initially, and if successful will create an estimated 8,000 jobs in the area by 2030.67 While Zones 1 and 2 have a smaller economic base than Cleveland, it is reasonable to assume similar job creation. Here there is an opportunity for the firm and local colleges to create a technical training program, so that local residents are skilled in wind energy production. Also, returning the ideal site to an energy-creating site will greatly improve the tax base for Zion. In 1996, the year before the plant closed, ComEd paid $19.8 million in taxes to Zion, and in 2009 Exelon paid only $1.3 million.68 Beyond this, developing a highly innovative wind farm may attract investment to the area by companies who are interested in sustainable development. NREL Class 5 500-600 W/m2

NREL Class 6 600-800 W/m2

Source: AWS TrueWind for NREL, michigan.gov

Mean Power Density at 90 m

Figure 19. Feasibility of wind power near the IBSP


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The geology, shipping lanes, underwater features, air navigation, and ecological concerns also need to be considered when choos-ing the appropriate location for the site. There are also legal implications that must be addressed when considering off shore wind farms. The federal government has sig-nificant power in regulating offshore wind through several regula-tory structures and statutes including the National Environmental Policy Act, The Rivers and Harbors Act, The Submerged Lands Act. Illinois has not passed formal regulations for offshore wind farms, but does hold that “states owned navigable and tidal waters and their underlying land for the common use of the people of the state,” and states cannot relinquish this trust.72

Illinois has the power to enter into a Quid Pro Quo agreement with the wind farm developer, wherein the State would receive funds in return for agreeing to lease the developer rights to the lakebed. For instance, the firm would be asked to donate funds for erosion mitigation along the coast. This would be an important precedent, as the good of the public must be considered when exchanging land that by law belongs to the people.

the area of Lake Michigan surrounding the site is able to generate wind power as this portion of the lake fall within Class 4 and 5.70

Another important issue is water depth. Ideally, the location would fall between three and five miles off of the coast at a depth of 40 to 55 feet to reduce the number of cables that would need to run from the lake as well as to minimize the disruption to the lakebed.71 As shown in the map above, the lakebed adjacent to the site is consistent with these depths.

Source: http://www.ngdc.noaa.govFigure 20. Lake bed depth in the South Chippewa Basin of Lake Michigan


• An economic feasibility study of wind farm in this area to deter-mine the size and number of wind turbines necessary to maximize returns and energy producing potential. Following are potential site locations, as well as renderings of the coastline with the tur-bines.

• A site selection study for wind turbines• An environmental feasibility studies for site selected

CZM Recommendations The Coastal Zone Management Act maintains that a “coastal zone enhancement objective” can apply to the “Adoption of procedures and enforceable policies to help facilitate the siting of energy facilities and Government facilities and energy-related activities and Government activities which may be of greater than local significance”.74 As such, this plan recommends the following:

• A conservation and public access easement be established along the coast of the site

• A study to gage potential hazards of long-term nuclear storage along the coast;

December 1973

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First Unit Opens

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First Unit final reactor operation

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After sitting idle for ten years: License and decomissioning

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Figure 21. Lifecycle and timeline for the decommissioning of the nuclear power station in Zion


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Case Study There are currently several projects in the planning stage of off shore wind farm development in the Great Lakes region that may serve as a source for data and best practices as a wind farm on this site is pursued. Cleveland provides an example applicable to Zones 1 and 2. The Cleveland Pilot Wind Project, if completed, will be the world’s first offshore freshwater wind farm. In 2009 the Great Lakes Wind Energy Center (GLWEC) completed a feasibility study assessing several scenarios for a small scale wind farm development three to five miles off of the coast of downtown Cleveland. The scenarios range in cost from $77.2 to $92.7 million for a 15 to 20 MW project, which would produce 37,500 to 55,000 MWh per year. The study found that such a development is feasible pending approval by regulatory agencies and stakeholders. This pilot program could serve as a best practice example of how a small scale wind farm can produce renewable, clean energy locally for a large metropolis.73

Citations / Illinois Beach Plan /

1. Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). (n.d.). Illinois DNR. Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Pages/default.aspx

2. Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). (2009). Issue Paper: Illinois Beach State Park and North Point Marina Including the Dead River and Kellogg Creek Watershed. Illinois DNR. Retrieved from http://www.dnr. illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/TAG_I_IBSP-NPM_2009_02_19.pdf

3. Adeline Jay Geo-Karis Illinois Beach State Park . (n.d.). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved from http://dnr.state.il.us/lands/landmgt/ parks/r2/ilbeach.htm#History

4. U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Fact Sheet: Population Data for Winthrop Harbor, Beach Park, and Zion, Illinois [Data]. Retrieved from http://factfinder2. census.gov

5. U.S. Census Bureau. (2005-2009). Selected Demographics from Winthrop Harbor, Beach Park, and Zion, Illinois. 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov

6. Lake County Partners. (n.d.) Top 25 Employers in Lake County. Retrieved from http://www.lakecountypartners.com/content/statistics/business_lists/ top_25_employers.asp

7. U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). Geography Quick Reports for Winthrop Harbor, Beach Park, and Zion, Illinois [Data]. 2007 Economic Census. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov

8. L. Ferguson. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, February 16, 2011

9. Adeline Jay Geo-Karis Illinois Beach - State Park. (n.d.). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved from http://dnr.state.il.us/lands/landmgt/ parks/r2/ilbeach.htm

10. D. Wischnowsky. (n.d.). Asbestos Not Seen as Risk at Illinois Beach State. Featured Articles From The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://articles. chicagotribune.com/2006-07-21/news/0607210207_1_asbestos- exposure-asbestos-task-force-asbestos-health-risks

11. Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). (2009). Issue Paper: Illinois Beach State Park and North Point Marina Including the Dead River and Kellogg Creek Watershed. Illinois DNR. Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/TAG_I_IBSP-NPM_2009_02_19.pdf

12. L. Ferguson. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, February 16, 2011

13. North Point Marina. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.npmonline.com/

14. North Point Marina. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.npmonline.com/

15. D. Suthard, North Point Marina, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, March 1, 2011

16. 2009 America’s Most Polluted Beaches (n.d.). Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2009/07/30/america-polluted-beaches-lifestyle- travel-beaches.html

17. The History of Climate Change Science. (n.d.). LiveScience. Retrieved from http:// www.livescience.com/1292-history-climate-change-science.html

18. Full Text of the Convention. (n.d.). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/essential_background/ convention/background/items/1349.php

19. Mortsch, L.D. and Quinn, F.H. (1996). Climate Change Scenarios for Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Studies 906 Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 41, No. 5, Freshwater Ecosystems and Climate Change in North America, pp. 910.

20. Katharine Hayhoe, Donald Wuebbles, and the Climate Science Team (2008). Climate Change andChicago: Projections and Potential Impacts. Chicago Climate Action Plan. Retrieved from http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/ filebin/pdf/report/Chicago_climate_impacts_report_Executive_Summary. pdf

21. Hayhoe et al. (2010). Regional Climate Change Projections for Chicago and the US Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research.

22. Hayhoe, K., Wuebbles, D., and the Climate Science Team (2008). Climate Change and Chicago: Projections and Potential Impacts. Chicago Climate Action Plan. Retrieved from http://www.chicagoclimateaction.org/filebin/pdf/ report/Chicago_climate_impacts_report_ExecExecu_Summary.pdf

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23. Mortsch, L.D. and Quinn, F.H. (1996). Climate Change Scenarios for Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Studies; Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 41, No. 5, Freshwater Ecosystems and Climate Change in North America, pp. 903-911.

24. Special Area Plans: In Depth: Understanding Special Area Management Plans (SAMPs). (n.d.). NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. Retrieved from http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/issues/special_ indepth.html

25. Special Area Plans: In Depth: Understanding Special Area Management Plans (SAMPs). (n.d.). NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. Retrieved from http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/issues/special_ indepth.html

26. Rhode Island Ocean SAMP. (19 October 2010). Rhode Island Ocean Special Area Management Plan. Retrieved from http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/oceansamp/

27. Climate Change Response Program - NPS Response. (n.d.). U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/climatechange/response.cfm

28. Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Inventory of the Great Lakes. Retrieved from http://epa.gov/greatlakes/lakemich/index.html

29. Bull Creek Stakeholders Association. (n.d.). The Dead River Watershed Project. Great Lakes Basin Program for Soil Erosion & Sediment Control: Bull Creek Restoration and Stabilization. Retrieved from http://www.glc.org/basin/ pubs/projects/il_BullCrRes_pub1.pdf

30. ICMP Public Meeting. (18 February 2010). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. “Clean and Green Marina Program,” Retrieved from http://www. dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/Clean%20Marina%20Program.pptx

31. G. Behm. Illinois Beach State Park, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, March 20, 2011.

32. Chrzastowski, Frankie. (2000). Guide to the Geology of IBSP and the Zion Beach- Ridge Plan, Lake County Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey.

33. Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). (2009). Issue Paper: Ravine Systems in the Lake Michigan Watershed, Illinois. Illinois DNR. Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/TAG_D_ Ravines_2009_02_19.pdf)

34. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Notes. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. Retrieved from http://chl.erdc. usace.army.mil/chetn

35. U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Local Employment Dynamics on the Map. OnTheMap Data. Longitudinal-Employer Household Dynamics Program. Retrieved from http://lehd.did.census.gov/led/onthemap/

36. Winthrop Harbor Economic Development Commission (2010). “The Necessity for Change: A Plan for Economic Development,” Retrieved from http://www.whpd.org/village/WH_Necessity_for_Change_Final.pdf

37. Murphy, P. (1985). Tourism: A Community Approach. Cambridge, UK: University Press

38. Climate Service. (n.d.). NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011, from http://www.noaa.gov/climate.html

39. NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. (n.d.). Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. CZMA § 303(2)(D)). Retrieved from http:// coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/about/czma.html#section303 40. NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. (n.d.). Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. CZMA § 303(2)(F)). Retrieved from http:// coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/about/czma.html#section303

41. Murphy, P. (1985). Tourism: A Community Approach. Cambridge, UK: University Press

42. Heming (1990) in Siegel & Jakus. (1995). “Tourism as a Sustainable Rural Development Strategy: Building Consensus in Resident Attitudes,” Southern Journal of Rural Sociology, vol 11, no 1

43. Heming (1990) in Siegel & Jakus. (1995). “Tourism as a Sustainable Rural Development Strategy: Building Consensus in Resident Attitudes,” Southern Journal of Rural Sociology, vol 11, no 1

44. Illinois Department of Transportation. “Getting Around Illinois,” Retrieved from http://www.gettingaroundillinois.com/mapviewer.aspx?mt=aadt

45. Graduate Firms: Demonstrating Persistency. (2011). NBIA- National Business Incubation Association. Retrieved from http://www.nbia.org/impact/what. php

62


46. Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). (2009). Issue Paper: Illinois Beach State Park and North Point Marina Including the Dead River and Kellogg Creek Watershed. Illinois DNR. Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/ cmp/Documents/TAG_I_IBSP-NPM_2009_02_19.pdf

47. Lynch, Kevin. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

48. Illinois Department of Transportation. Traffic Count. “Getting Around Illinois,” Retrieved from http://www.gettingaroundillinois.com/mapviewer. aspx?mt=aadt

49. Gibson, Bell. (2009). The Wayfinding Handbook: Information Design for Public Places (1st Edition), p.97, Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press.

50. Illinois Department of Transportation. Bike Path Map. Retrieved from http://www.dot.state.il.us/bikemap/pdf/Lake.pdf

51. Adeline Jay Geo-Karis Illinois Beach - State Park. (n.d.). Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved from http://dnr.state.il.us/lands/ landmgtparks/r2/ilbeach.htm

52. Bell, Simon. (2008). Design for Outdoor Recreation (Second Edition), p. 31, New York: Taylor and Francis Inc. 53. Union Pacific Metra Schedules. Retrieved from: http://metrarail.com/metra/en/ home/maps_schedules/metra_system_map/up-n/schedule.full.html

54. Agrawal, A. W., Schlossberg, M., & Irvin, K. (2008). How Far, by Which Route and Why? A Spatial Analysis of Pedestrian Preference. Journal of Urban Design, 13(1), 81-98.

55. Winthrop Harbor Economic Development Commission (2010). “The Necessity for Change: A Plan for Economic Development,” Retrieved from http://www.whpd.org/village/WH_Necessity_for_Change_Final.pdf

56. Illinois Coastal Management Program Document Draft. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/ICMPPD.pdf

57. Puerto Rico Public Access Signs.(n.d.). Public Access: Case Studies. Retrieved from: http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/issues/pa_casestudies.html#3

58. Illinois Coastal Management Program Document Draft. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Documents/ICMPPD.pdf

59. Wildlife Prairie State Park Education Programs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www. wildlifeprairiestatepark.org/edu-programs.cfm

60. Indiana Watershed Leadership Program at Purdue University. (n.d.). College of Engineering, PurdueUniversity. Retrieved from https://engineering.purdue. edu/~iwla/iwla/index.html

61. National Park Service. (n.d.). Coastal Zone Management Act: Portions, As Amended. Retrieved from http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/ fhpl/coastal_zone_mgmt.pdf

62. C. Waggoner, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, personal communication, April 8, 2011.

63. Daniels, Stevens. (28 March 2010). “White Tornado Headed For Zion,” Crain’s Chicago Business Retrieved from http://kanat.jsc.vsc.edu/env1060/ ZionDismantlement.pdf

64. Exelon Corporation (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.exeloncorp.com/

65. Musial, Walt. (2004). “Offshore Wind Energy Potential for the United States,” World Renewable Energy Congress VIII. Retrieved from http://www.aseanenergy. info/Abstract/32010453.pdf

66. Nuclear Energy Institute. (2011). Key Issues: Economic Growth. Retrieved from http://www.nei.org/keyissues/reliableandaffordableenergy/ economicgrowth/

67. Frizzi, Danielle. (14 September 2010). “Wind Turbine Project Moves Closer to Creating Jobs,” http://www.fox8.com/news/wjw-wind-turbines- cleveland-txt,0,1227088.story

68. Exelon Corporation. (n.d.). Zion Station Plant Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.exeloncorp.com/assets/energy/powerplants/docs/Zion/Fact_ Zion.pdf

69. Hingtgen, John S. (2003). Offshore Wind Farms in the Western Great Lakes: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of their Potential. Master’s Thesis, University of Madison Wisconsin. Retrieved from www.mrec.org/Wind_Energy/ Hingtgen%20Wind%20Thesis%2004.pdf

63


70. The Great Lakes Wind Collaborative. (2008). Offshore Wind Farm Regulation in theGreat Lakes. Retrieved from http://wiki.glin.net/download/ attachments/950462/Offshore+Wind+Farm+Regulation+in+the+Great+La kes.pdf

71. Hingtgen, John S. (2003). Offshore Wind Farms in the Western Great Lakes: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of their Potential. Master’s Thesis, University of Madison-Wisconsin. Retrieved from www.mrec.org/Wind_Energy/ Hingtgen%20Wind%20Thesis%2004.pdf

72. The Great Lakes Wind Collaborative. (2008). Offshore Wind Farm Regulation in the Great Lakes. Retrieved from: http://wiki.glin.net/ download/attachments/950462/Offshore+Wind+Farm+Regulation+in+the +Great+Lakes.pdf

73. Great Lakes Energy Development Task Force. (2009).Great Lakes Wind Energy Center Feasibility Study: Final Feasibility Report. Retrieved from http://development.cuyahogacounty.us/pdf_development/en-US/ GLWECFeasibilityRpt.pdf

74. National Park Service. (n.d.). Coastal Zone Management Act: Portions, As Amended. Retrieved from: http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/fhpl/coastal_ zone_mgmt.pdf

64

Appendix A/ Illinois Beach Plan /

RECOMMENDED GOALS, STRATEGIES, AND FUNDING

65



66



67



68



69

Appendix B/ Illinois Beach Plan /

Increased Flooding

Increased Erosion

Greater Energy Consumption

Lower Lake Levels

Temperature Increases7-8 F in summer by end of century

Increase in Precipitation

CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS EXPECTED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOALS OBJECTIVES STRATEGY

Increase in StormIntensity

Increased Evapotranspiration and Evaporation

Decrease in Winter Ice Cover

Increase in Summer Droughts

More Extreme Heat Events

Hotter Summers

Longer Summers

Increase in Non-PointPollution

Increased Run-o�

Increase in Cost of Fuel

Increase in # of ParkVisitors/Users

Decrease in Wetland Health

Destruction ofNatural Habitat

Goal 1: Improve public access to the coast

Goal 1: Build educational awareness of the natural environment

Goal 2: Promote area as a environmental research hub

1.1: Increase outreach to community residents and visitors

1.2: Establish educational programming

1.1.1 Create a Coastal Intrepeter sta� position1.1.2 Reopen the Nature Center1.1.3 Improve the IBSP website1.2.1 Partner with local schools to develop curriculum that focuses on environmental education1.2.2 Create an Enviornmental Corps leadership program

2.1.1. Increase programming through DNR funded initiatives and seek private investment for equipment rental2.1.2 Create an internship program dedicated to research about coastal environment

Goal 2: Enhance recreational and community building activities

1.1: Improve visibility of and signage within IBSP and NPM

1.2: Create e�cient public and recreational transportation links

1.3. Develop a comprehensive regional transportation plan

2.1: Enhance and increase year-round recreational activities

2.2: Create recreational and cultural venues in the Illinois Beach area

1.1.1 Create welcoming entrance points to orient people to the area1.1.2 Implement a comprehensive signage plan to assist visitors in accessing destinations within the area1.2.1 Create interconnected lanes and trails to link existing paths within the state owned-lands to the surrounding municipalities1.2.2 Extend walking paths from the IBSP and NPM to rail stations1.2.3 Build a path from the NPM to the North Beach1.3.1 Establish “Request a Stop” service on Metra1.3.2 Change the name of existing Metra stations to identify the stops with the IBSP and NPM1.3.3 Develop a regional shuttle service between the train stations and key nodes within the region2.1.1 Increase programming through DNR funded initiatives and seek private investment for equipment rental2.2.1 Build a plaza or amphitheatre at the North Point Marina


Goal 1: Protect and enhance the Kellogg Creek and Dead River watersheds

Goal 3: Protect and increase the resilience of the natural habitat

2.1: Protect and restore ravines

1.1: Promote Green Infrastructure to reduce stormwater runo� and reduce nonpoint pollution

1.2: Promote environmental education to the public

3.1: Reduce destruction of native �ora

3.2: Restore habitats e�ected by invasive species

3.3: Protect endangered species

2.1: Establish partnernship with environmental research projects at local universities

2.1.1 Implement a ravine restoration program2.1.2 Create bu�er regions around ravines to limit development around ravines2.2.1 Conduct feasibility studies to determine the best location for the reef2.2.2 Monitor and maintain rubble mound reef1.1.1 Provide incentives for Best Management Practices in most e�ective areas1.1.2 Provide funding for municipalities to acquire land connecting existing green infrastructure1.1.3 Implement a wetlands restoration project to restore wetlands in critical areas 1.2.1 Invest in educational signage throughout watershed 1.2.2 Encourage volunteer work through local schools3.1.1 Create educational signage about importance of not walking on dunes3.1.2 Construct a boardwalk regulating human pathways3.2.1 Develop a volunteer/internship program to remove invasive species3.2.2 Create a program to monitor and identify invasive species in the Illinois Beach area3.3.1 Partner with local universities to study endangered species3.3.2 Restore endangered and threatened species habitat through improved ecosystem connectivity

Goal 1: To develop a cooperative, self-sustaining tourism economy

1.1 To create a regional economic development strategy

1.2: Foster a supportive business environment

1.3: Raise awareness of local assets

2.2: Maintain future rubble mound reef

1.1.1 Develop a coordinated vision across municipal boundaries to brand the area as a tourism destination and generate community buy-in1.1.2 Develop a cooridor plan that re-images Sheridan Road as a gateway to the Illinois Beach area's tourist attractions1.2.1 Provide incentives for tourism-based businesses1.2.2 Support the local tourism industry by establishing a mixed-use business incubation program1.3.1 Launch a marketing campaign to reach new visitors and inspire long-time users

70

Plan

Pro

posa

ls a

nd C

limat

e Ch

ange

Appendix B/ Illinois Beach Plan /

Increased Flooding

Increased Erosion

Greater Energy Consumption

Lower Lake Levels

Temperature Increases7-8 F in summer by end of century

Increase in Precipitation

CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS EXPECTED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOALS OBJECTIVES STRATEGY

Increase in StormIntensity

Increased Evapotranspiration and Evaporation

Decrease in Winter Ice Cover

Increase in Summer Droughts

More Extreme Heat Events

Hotter Summers

Longer Summers

Increase in Non-PointPollution

Increased Run-o�

Increase in Cost of Fuel

Increase in # of ParkVisitors/Users

Decrease in Wetland Health

Destruction ofNatural Habitat

Goal 1: Improve public access to the coast

Goal 1: Build educational awareness of the natural environment

Goal 2: Promote area as a environmental research hub

1.1: Increase outreach to community residents and visitors

1.2: Establish educational programming

1.1.1 Create a Coastal Intrepeter sta� position1.1.2 Reopen the Nature Center1.1.3 Improve the IBSP website1.2.1 Partner with local schools to develop curriculum that focuses on environmental education1.2.2 Create an Enviornmental Corps leadership program

2.1.1. Increase programming through DNR funded initiatives and seek private investment for equipment rental2.1.2 Create an internship program dedicated to research about coastal environment

Goal 2: Enhance recreational and community building activities

1.1: Improve visibility of and signage within IBSP and NPM

1.2: Create e�cient public and recreational transportation links

1.3. Develop a comprehensive regional transportation plan

2.1: Enhance and increase year-round recreational activities

2.2: Create recreational and cultural venues in the Illinois Beach area

1.1.1 Create welcoming entrance points to orient people to the area1.1.2 Implement a comprehensive signage plan to assist visitors in accessing destinations within the area1.2.1 Create interconnected lanes and trails to link existing paths within the state owned-lands to the surrounding municipalities1.2.2 Extend walking paths from the IBSP and NPM to rail stations1.2.3 Build a path from the NPM to the North Beach1.3.1 Establish “Request a Stop” service on Metra1.3.2 Change the name of existing Metra stations to identify the stops with the IBSP and NPM1.3.3 Develop a regional shuttle service between the train stations and key nodes within the region2.1.1 Increase programming through DNR funded initiatives and seek private investment for equipment rental2.2.1 Build a plaza or amphitheatre at the North Point Marina


Goal 1: Protect and enhance the Kellogg Creek and Dead River watersheds

Goal 3: Protect and increase the resilience of the natural habitat

2.1: Protect and restore ravines

1.1: Promote Green Infrastructure to reduce stormwater runo� and reduce nonpoint pollution

1.2: Promote environmental education to the public

3.1: Reduce destruction of native �ora

3.2: Restore habitats e�ected by invasive species

3.3: Protect endangered species

2.1: Establish partnernship with environmental research projects at local universities

2.1.1 Implement a ravine restoration program2.1.2 Create bu�er regions around ravines to limit development around ravines2.2.1 Conduct feasibility studies to determine the best location for the reef2.2.2 Monitor and maintain rubble mound reef1.1.1 Provide incentives for Best Management Practices in most e�ective areas1.1.2 Provide funding for municipalities to acquire land connecting existing green infrastructure1.1.3 Implement a wetlands restoration project to restore wetlands in critical areas 1.2.1 Invest in educational signage throughout watershed 1.2.2 Encourage volunteer work through local schools3.1.1 Create educational signage about importance of not walking on dunes3.1.2 Construct a boardwalk regulating human pathways3.2.1 Develop a volunteer/internship program to remove invasive species3.2.2 Create a program to monitor and identify invasive species in the Illinois Beach area3.3.1 Partner with local universities to study endangered species3.3.2 Restore endangered and threatened species habitat through improved ecosystem connectivity

Goal 1: To develop a cooperative, self-sustaining tourism economy

1.1 To create a regional economic development strategy

1.2: Foster a supportive business environment

1.3: Raise awareness of local assets

2.2: Maintain future rubble mound reef

1.1.1 Develop a coordinated vision across municipal boundaries to brand the area as a tourism destination and generate community buy-in1.1.2 Develop a cooridor plan that re-images Sheridan Road as a gateway to the Illinois Beach area's tourist attractions1.2.1 Provide incentives for tourism-based businesses1.2.2 Support the local tourism industry by establishing a mixed-use business incubation program1.3.1 Launch a marketing campaign to reach new visitors and inspire long-time users

71

Appendix C/ Illinois Beach Plan /

ILLINOIS THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES BY COUNTY

Illinois Natural Heritage Database as of January 2008

72

Appendix C/ Illinois Beach Plan / 73

I l l I n o I s B e a c h a r e a

Beach Park, WinthroP harBor, & Zion

CoastalManagement

Plan

Zion

Waukegan

Beach Park

Winthrop Harbor

0 1 20.5 Miles

N

KENOSHA

Illinois Coastal Zones 1 & 2

CHICAGO

I l l inoisWisconsin

Lake M

ich

iga

n

Imagery: Google Earth

Illinois Beach State Park North

Zion NuclearPower Station

North PointMarina

Illinois Beach State Park South

I l l I N o I S B E a c h a r E aBeach Park, Winthrop Harbor, & Zion

Total Population:55, 795

Total land area:29 sq. miles

coast:10 miles

*

I l l I n o I s B e a c h lo c a l G o v e r n m e n tBeach Park, Winthrop Harbor, & Zion

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2005 - 2009

Waukegan $48,397

$47,607

$66,028

$77,438

$78,423

$113,404

Zion

Beach Park

Winthrop Harbor

Lake County

Highland Park

0 120,00080,00040,000

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME 2009

Zion

Waukegan

Beach Park

Winthrop Harbor

0 1 20.5 Miles

Photos: tom Bellino

IllInoIs Department of natural resourcesIllinois Beach State Park & North Point Marina

4,160 Acres

6.5 mI Shoreline

1 Million+ Visitors

1500 Boat Slips

Image: Google earth

photo: tom mccormack

photo: tom Bellino

Recreation Destination

Pristine Landscape

North Point Marina

Z i o n n u c l e a r P o w e r P l a n tArea of Interest

1973

1998

2010

2020

Plant oPenS

Plant SHut Down

DecoMMiSSioninG BeGinS

DecoMMiSSioninG to Be coMPleteD

image: Google earth

Photo: ian ludwig

Photo: connyankee.com

HIGHER TEMPERATURES

INTENSE STORMS

LOWER LAKE LEVELS

Phot

o: g

lerl.

noaa

.gov

Phot

o: m

o.nr

cs.u

sda.

gov

Phot

o: w

ww

.pho

tolib

.noa

a.go

v

C L i m at e C h a n g eExpected Changes in the Great Lakes Region

THREATENED HABITATPhoto: nps.gov

Photo: cleanwater.ucsc.edu

C l i m at e C h a n g eImpacts in the Illinois Beach Area

Photo: preservationnation.org

RUNOFF, EROSION, WATER POLLUTION

LONGER, HOTTER SUMMERS

preserve.

protect.

restore.

enhance.


North Point Marina

Phot

o: Ja

son

Lopa

taPh

oto:

Tom

Bel

lino

Present

40 Years

INNOVATEBUILD

COLLABORATE

Synthesis

Collaboration

Environment

Access & Recreation

Economic Development

EducationClimate Change

Fund

ing IMPLEMENTATION

EVALUATION

DA

TA C

OL

LE

CT

ION

TEAM 1

TEAM 3

TEAM 2

P r o c e s sPlanning for a Vibrant Coastal Community

P r i o r i t i e s Illinois Coastal Management Plan

Photo: Jason Lopata

1. invasive sPecies2. Habitat, EcosystEm and natural arEa rEstoration

3. area of concern: Waukegan Harbor4. Persistent bio-accumuLative toxins

5. sustainabLe DeveLoPment6. non-point sourcE pollution

7. information anD inDicators8. public accEss and rEcrEation

9. Economic dEvElopmEnt

47.8 mi STREAMS

5,947acres WETLANDS

8 RAVINE SYSTEMS

Kellogg Creek Watershed

Dead River WatershedDead River

Kellogg Creek

Bull Creek

Dead Dog Creek

27th Street Tributary

Glen Flora Tributary

Hydrology of Illinois Beach State Parkand Surrounding Communities

Ponds, Other Water FeaturesWetlands

20 1Miles

Map Compiled by Erik Hunter Czaja, 4/5/11Data Sources: Lake County

10 mi SHORELINE

Lake

Mic

higa

nDRAINAGE

DRAINAGE

E N V I R O N M E N TChallenge: Planning for Ecological Systems Across Municipal Boundaries

N

Ravine and Stream ErosionNon-point Source PollutionWater Quality

E n v i r o n m E n tChallenges

Sources: Illinios Department of Public Health Bathing Beaches , Illinois Department of Public Health Enviornmental Health, and Natural Resources Defense Council Testing the Waters.

Beach Closures from 2000-2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

North Unit Beach North Point Marina Beach South Unit Beach

Number of Days

Photo: tom Bellino

Photo: Washington State University

2009 Forbes magazine Article: America’s 7th most Polluted Beach

I l l I n o I s B e a c h a r e aEconomic Challenges

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

$0.00

$10,000.00

$20,000.00

$30,000.00

$40,000.00

$50,000.00

$60,000.00

$70,000.00

$80,000.00

1990 2000 2005-2009

Real Wages vs. Poverty, Zones 1 and 2, 1990 to 2005-2009

Real Wages (in 2009 dollars)

Percent below poverty level

REAL WAGES vs. POVERTY, ZONES 1 & 2 1990 to 2005 - 2009

10%$80,000

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

$40,000

$30,000

$20,000

$10,000

$0

9%

8%

7%

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%1990 2000

Percent Below Poverty

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 & 2000 Decennial Census and 2005-2009 American Community Community Survey

Real Wages

2005-2009

I l l I n o I s B e a C h a r e aEconomic Challenges

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Wholesale tr

ade

Retail trade

Informatio

n

Real esta

te and rental a

nd leasin

g

Professi

onal, scie

nti�c,

and tech

nical se

rvices

Administrativ

e and Support and W

aste M

ang and Remediation

Srvs Health ca

re and socia

l assi

stance

Accommodation and fo

od services

Other s

ervices (

except p

ublic administ

ration)

Num

ber o

f Firm

s

2-digit NAICS categories

Change in Firms by NAICS Codes, 2002 to 2007 Economic Census:

Winthrop Harbor, Zion and Beach Park, IL

2002 2007

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002 & 2007 Economic Census

20,035Live in areaEmployed Outside

5,133Employed in areaLive Outside

2,492 Both Employed and Live in Area

In�ow - Out�ow Job Counts, Illinois Beach Area, 2009

I l l I n o I s B e a C h a r e aEconomic Challenges

0

2

4

6

8

10

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Num

ber o

f Per

mits

Commercial Permits for IL Beach Area*: 2005-2010

Zion Beach Park

*Winthrop Harbor's residential permitting data includes four permits between 2000-2010.

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Num

ber o

f Per

mits

Residential Permits in IL Beach Area: 2005-2010

Zion Beach Park Winthrop Harbor

0

2

4

6

8

10

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Num

ber o

f Per

mits

Commercial Permits for IL Beach Area*: 2005-2010

Zion Beach Park

*Winthrop Harbor's residential permitting data includes four permits between 2000-2010.

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Num

ber o

f Per

mits

Residential Permits in IL Beach Area: 2005-2010

Zion Beach Park Winthrop Harbor

source: Beach Park, Winthrop harbor, and Zion

A c c e s s c h A l l e n g e sNo Place to Walk - Too Far to Try

1/2 MIle

Metra station

Photo: Tom Bellino

Images: google earth

THREATENED HABITATI l l I n o I s B e a c h a r e a a s s e t s

Opportunity for Growth

Phot

o: Ja

sonl

opad

a

Phot

o: to

m M

ccor

mac

k

Phot

o: M

etra

, met

rara

il.co

mPh

oto:

p

asst

imec

hart

ers.c

om

THREATENED HABITAT

LACK OF CONNECTIVITY

ELUSIVE ENTRANCES

DIRTY MARINA

STRUGGLINGECONOMY

DISCONNECTEDBIKE PATHS

E x I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N SArea Challenges

DECLININGPARK

ATTENDANCE

DECOMMISSIONED NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

EROSION

V i s i o nA Well-Integrated Coastline

sHUTTLE WELCoMinG EnTRAnCEs

CLEAn MARinA

WinDFARM

RAVinEFRiEnDLYPoLiCiEs

CoAsTALEConoMY

ConnECTEDBiKE PATHs

METRA sTATionAnD BiKE REnTAL

ToURisM

AREABRAnDinG

co l l a b o r at e

P l a n D e v e lo P m e n tBuilding the Foundation for Success

i n n o vat eb u i l D

Community ResidentsArea Business OwnersArea Chambers of CommerceCity of ZionVillage of Beach ParkVillage of Winthrop HarborIllinois Beach State Park & North Point MarinaLake County Stormwater Management CommissionLake CountyIllinois Department of Natural ResourcesFederal Agencies (NOAA, FWS, EPA)Zion Nuclear Power StationAlliance for the Great Lakes

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENt

HEALtHyENVIRONMENt

ENHANCEDACCESS

C O L L A B O R At EPriorities & Stakeholders

Winthrop Harbor

Zion

IDNRLake County


Beach

Park

C o L L a B o r at eMany Voices, Limited Resources

C o l l a b o r at eOne Voice, Better Access to Resources

EnvironmEntaltEchnical advisory

commit tEE

s p E c i a l a r E a m a n a g E m E n t p l a nCoordinating Across Boundaries

iBdcBoard oF dirEctors

illinois BEachdEvElopmEnt corporation

Illinois Beach Special Area Managment Plan (SAMP)

illinois coastalmanagEmEnt program


staFF mEmBErsamp stEEring

commit tEE

illinois dEpartmEnt oF natUral rEsoUrcEs

spEcial arEa managEmEnt plan (samp)

DEVELOP

I M P L E M E N T

co l l a b o r at e



B u i l d i n g a H e a lt H y e n v i r o n m e n tStormwater Management, Targeting Runoff

Surface Runoff Class of Soils in Kellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County, Illinois

0 1 20.5 Miles

Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.28.11

Data sources: Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, Illinois, Accessed 3.28.11

Projection: StatePlane, Illinois East, NAD83

Surface Runoff Class

Not Classified

High

Low

Medium

Negligible

Very high

Very low

* Surface runoff classes as definedby USDA NRCS. According to NRCS, classes are based on slope, climate and vegetative cover. The classes indicate relative runoff for specific conditions.

Golf Rd

9th St

Illin

ois

Rou

te 1

37

Illinois Route 131

Russell Rd

Yorkhouse Rd

Sunset Ave

21st St

Target Areas for Stormwater Best Management PracticesKellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County

´Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.17.11Sources: Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, IL Accessed 3.28.11Projection: State Plane, Illinois East, NAD83

0 1 20.5 Miles


Areas for BMPS within 200 ft ofSoil with Runoff Class High or Very High

Target Areas for Stormwater Best Management Practices in the Illinois Beach Area

Surface Runoff Class of Soil in the Illinois Beach Area

n n

B u i l d i n g a H e a lt H y e n v i r o n m e n tStormwater Management Best Practices

Golf Rd

9th St

Illin

ois

Rou

te 1

37

Illinois Route 131

Russell Rd

Yorkhouse Rd

Sunset Ave

21st St

Land Use inTarget Areas for Stormwater BMPsKellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County

´Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.17.11Sources: 2005 CMAP Land Use Inventory and Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, IL Accessed 3.28.11Projection: State Plane, Illinois East, NAD83

0 1 20.5 Miles

Lakes, ponds, and streams

Utilities and Transportation

Land Use within 200ftof Soil with Runoff ClassHigh or Very High

SF Residential

MF Residential

Commercial

Institutional

Industrial/Manufacturing

Agricultural

Open Space

Golf Course

Vacant

Wetland

Construction

vegetated roof

rain gardens &native Plantings

Permeable Pavement

rain Barrels

•Residential• Institutional

•Residential

• Institutional•Commercial• Industrial

• Institutional•Commercial• Industrial

PraCtiCe land uSe

Photo: lake County Stormwater management Commission

Photo: lake County Stormwater management Commission

Photo: illinois.gov

Photo: alabama State Water Program

B u i l d i n g a H e a lt H y e n v i r o n m e n tGreen Infrastructure Networks

Golf Rd

9th St

Illin

ois

Rou

te 1

37

Illinois Route 131

Russell Rd

Yorkhouse Rd

Sunset Ave

21st St

Potential Sites for New Green InfrastructureKellogg Creek and Dead River Watersheds, Lake County

0 0.9 1.80.45 Miles ´Prepared by Robin Buell, 4.17.11Sources: 2005 CMAP Land Use Inventory and Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Lake County, IL Accessed 3.28.11Projection: State Plane, Illinois East, NAD83

Hydrologic Soil Group BRunoff Class Low or Very Low


Potential Sites for Green Infrastructure

Vacant

Vacant, Soil Group B

Vacant, Soil Group B, Adjacent to existing

•Well-drained,outsideofnetwork

•Well-drained,partofcurrentnetwork

PraCtiCe

31 vacant Sites347 acres

33 vacant Sites173 acres

Photo: tom mcCormack

e d u c at i o n a l s i g n a g eCoastal Interpretor

Illinois Clean Marina Program

B u i l d i n g A H e A lt H y e n v i r o n m e n tClean Marina Program

Photo: Panaramio.com

EnvironmEntaltEchnical advisory

commit tEE

s p E c i a l a r E a m a n a g E m E n t p l a nCoordinating Across Boundaries

iBdcBoard oF dirEctors

illinois BEachdEvElopmEnt corporation

Illinois Beach Special Area Managment Plan (SAMP)



staFF mEmBErsamp stEEring

commit tEE

illinois dEpartmEnt oF natUral rEsoUrcEs

spEcial arEa managEmEnt plan (samp)

DEVELOP

I M P L E M E N T

B u i l d i n g a V i B r a n t e c o n o m yTourism

B u i l d i n g a V i B r a n t e c o n o m ySheridan Corridor

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3

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Gre

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Wadsworth

Main

17th

0 1 20.5 Miles

Winthrop Harbor

Zion

Beach Park

Waukegan

N

3

21

4

B u i l d i n g a V i B r a n t e c o n o m ySheridan Corridor

e n h a n s i n g a c c e s sNodes and Entry Points

E n h a n c i n g a c c E s sDirection and Information

Illinois BeachState Park 2mi.

E n h a n c i n g a c c E s sCollaboration with Metra

THREATENED HABITATa c c e s s c h a l l e n g e s

Bike Trail Linkages

existing Bike Paths

Miles Bike Trails

77.3

Bike Paths Phot

o: To

m B

ellin

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E x p lo r i n g o p p o r t u n i t i E s Decommissioned Nuclear Power Plant

imag

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imag

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oogl

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phot

o: ia

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dwig

co l l a b o r at e



V i b r a n t e c o n o m yEco Tourism Events

G r e e n e n e r G yIllinois Beach Windfarm

Phot

o: M

endo

coas

tcur

rent

.com

e N H A N c e D A c c e S SIllinois Beach Shuttle

Photo: USD

A.gov

V i s i o nA Well-Integrated Coastline

sHUTTLE WELCoMinG EnTRAnCEs

CLEAn MARinA

WinDFARM

RAVinEFRiEnDLYPoLiCiEs

CoAsTALEConoMY

ConnECTEDBiKE PATHs

METRA sTATionAnD BiKE REnTAL

ToURisM

AREABRAnDinG

T H A N K Y O U . . .

Emily BaronSarah BeckThomas BellinoJaime BlattiRobin BuellTawnya CarrollErik CzajaElizabeth FuLok KwanJason LopataIan Ludwig

Tom McCormackJudson MurchieAlejandra Piers-TorresEduardo ProenzaLauren RajskiKaren RoguljaElizabeth ScottAmalia TurkewitzJames Winters

Prof. Martin Jaffe, Faculty Advisory

Illinois Beach Area Planning Team