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C. Burk

Abstract A Marx-to

development fproject [1]. footprint, and bouncer-topolorequires 120 kof 5 Hz. The combining, inThe Marx emdiodes, to conthe cells. Actachieve the vstored energygeneration promodulator hasMW L-band testing. DeveP2, is underwaincorporates aredundancy anboth prototype

The ILC wiband klystron 140 A, 1.6 mbaseline klystrtopology. Th

Figure 1: Simred; HV charg

_____________________________

* Work supported DE-AC02-76SF

# burkhart@slac.st

MARX M

khart#, A. Be

opology klysfor the InternaIt is envisionhigher reliabil

ogy, baseline kV (+/-0.5%), 1

Marx construn series, a nummploys solid ntrol the chargtive compensavoltage regula

y. The develototype, P1,

s been integrateklystron, whe

elopment of a ay. The P2 is an alternative cnd improve aves are presented

INTRODll require 576 will require a

ms (27 kJ) at aron modulator he large size

mplified schemaing along the u

________________

d by the U.S. DepaF00515 tanford.edu

MODULAT

enwell, T. BSLA

stron modulaational Linear

ned as a lowelity alternative

design. T140 A, 1.6 ms

ucts the high vmber of lowerstate element

ge, discharge aation of the ouation while mlopmental testhas been comed into a test sere each is usecond generabased on the Pcell configurat

vailability. Stad.

DUCTION Rf stations. Emodulator capa 5 Hz repetiemploys a tra

e, weight, and

atic of the ILC upper path, aux

rtment of Energy u

TOR DEV

Beukers, M. KAC, Menlo Pa

ator is undeCollider (ILC

er cost, smallee to the presenThe applicatio

pulses at a ratoltage pulse br voltage cellsts; IGBTs anand isolation output is used tminimizing thting of a firsmpleted. Thistand with a 1undergoing lifation prototypeP1 topology bution to increasatus updates fo

Each 10 MW Lpable of 120 kVtion rate. Th

ansformer-based cost of thi

Marx modulatxiliary along th

under contract

VELOPME

Kemp, R. Laark, CA 940

er C) er nt, on te y s.

nd of to he st is 0

fe e, ut se or

L-V, he ed is

transformmotivatedemploy p

The rsystems mto controtopology switches applicatioselected fMarx is cElectroniccontains control thshown in of a faultthe path auxiliary the Marxduring thattribute passed duallows ceomitted ivariationsin Fig. 1 i

tor topology (4he lower. The d

ENT PRO

arsen, M. Ng025, USA

mer, owing tod research intoower magnetic

DESIGreliability/availmandate the usol the klystron

provides an to the voltage

on. A simplifiefor the ILC apcomposed of ccs Building an energy storhe discharge green), and an. A second IGto charge the power supply

x cells in parhe series dischof this config

uring dischargell turn on to f the cell has s on this topolois used for both

4 cells). The cdischarge curre

OGRAM S

guyen, J. Ols

o the long po alternative tocs.

GN OVERVIlability requi

se of solid staten modulator

approach toand power lev

ed schematic opplication is shcells, which foBlock (PEBBrage capacitor,of the capaci

n inductor to limGBT switch an

energy storagy (both paths srallel while isharge of the Mguration is thage (e.g. left ce

be delayed fomalfunctioned

ogy, however th the P1 and P2

harging currenent path is show

TATUS*

sen, T. Tang

pulse length, opologies that d

IEW irements for e switching eleoutput. The

o array solid vels required foof the Marx tophown in Fig. 1orm the basic B) [2]. Each, an IGBT swiitor (dischargemit dI/dt in thed the diodes p

ge capacitor, anshown in red), solating these Marx. A benat cells can b

ell in Fig. 1), or pulse shapid. There are sthe design illus2 designs.

nt paths are shown in green.

g

have do not

ILC ements

Marx state

for this pology . The Power h cell itch to e path e event rovide nd the of all paths

neficial be by-which ng, or

several strated

own in

SLAC-PUB-14147

P

b

t

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F

t

tt

w

mtt

tt

h

P1-Marx MoThe details

behavior have 16 cells, each triggered to prenergy storagedrops. Witho~40% over th(green wavefoincreased to >output voltagincrease the m

Figure 2: Marcompensation (red), and with

Instead, a

scheme is empthe output voltstart of the puthe output to 1the remainingflattening. Agenerates the waveform). Tsecond, “vernimain Marx. Tto the main Mto 1.2 kV. Thestep waveforman approximatdelayed main (cell output gofully regulated(blue waveform

The develocompleted and10 MW L-bantime to date, otime history generating 10hours (60 days

Modulator of the P1 Mbeen presentecharged to 11

roduce the full e capacitors dout compensathe duration of orm). The c>2 mF per ce

ge regulation. modulator size a

rx output volta(green), with

h vernier regula

two-stage, vployed to regultage decreaseslse, an addition120 kV. This pg five cells to Applying onlysaw-tooth wav

To further reguier,” Marx [4] iThe topology oarx, however eese are fired se

m, which adds ttely constant ocell is added,

oes to zero) ad P1 Marx oum). opmental testd the modulatond Rf test statioperating 24/7of the operat

0 MW of Rf s), is shown in

Marx design aed elsewhere [3kV. Eleven ceoutput voltage

discharge, the tion, the voltathe pulse, as

apacitors wouell to maintai

This wouland cost.

age waveform;delay cell comation (blue).

ernier, active late the output by 11 kV, ~0.nal cell is triggproceeds seque

provide coary this first stveform shownulate the outpis connected inof the vernier Meach of the 16 equentially to gto the main Moutput voltage, the vernier Mand the procesutput is also sh

ting of the or has been intion. The integ7, is nearly 20ion with the power, appro

Fig. 3. The re

and operationa3]. The P1 haells are initialle. As the 50 μFoutput voltag

age will drooseen in Fig.

uld have to bin the required substantiall

; without droompensation onl

compensatiot voltage. Onc.35 ms after thgered to restorentially througse, ±5%, pulstage regulatio

n in Fig. 2 (reput to ±0.5%, n series with thMarx is similacells is chargegenerate a stair

Marx to maintaie. Each time Marx will opes repeats. Thhown in Fig.

P1 has beetegration into

grated operatio000 hours. Th

Toshiba MBKoximately 150emainder of the

al as ly F

ge op

2 be ed ly

p ly

n ce he re gh se on ed a

he ar ed r-in a

en he 2

en a

on he K

00 e

Figure operationsignificanvernier Mclosure odowntimecapacitorsvoltage gbeen corklystron c

P2-MarThe P2 Mdevelopmcell voltais increaintegratedsystem raccess toimprovemReducingIGBTs wparallel Iallows dievaluate sP1. Thhierarchicdegradatiaction priA pulse source, th4, is addecompensaconstant c

Figure

3: Operational

n has been withnt interruptionsMarx into the sof the lab. Te to date was. These fail

grading betweerrected and lifcontinues.

rx ModulatorMarx builds o

ment of the P1age is decreaseased to 32, ad into each ceredundancy ano key cell elments will resug the cell voltwithin a cell (e

GBT array). Tiagnostic acceswitch perform

he improved cal control on of the switior to a catastro

width moduhe shaded portied in series wiate for the capacell voltage thr

e 4: Simplified

l history of the

h a test load. Ts in the testing,system, and thThe only signas to replace led prematureen the series cfe testing of

r on the experi. The major

ed to 4 kV, (2)and (3) drooell. These chnd improve dlements. In lt in higher systage eliminateeach P1 switchThis simplifiesess to each IGmance, which i

diagnostic acsystem [5]

tch and driver ophic failure. ulated, PWM,ion of the scheith the energy acitor voltage droughout the pu

d schematic of t

P1-Marx life t

here have been, first to integrahen during a hnificant mainte

the energy sly due to imp

capacitors. Ththe modulato

ience gained dchanges are: ( the number o

op compensatihanges improvdiagnostic/prog

combination, stem availabilits the need toh is a 5 series the cell desigGBT and drivis not possible ccess enhance

ability to and take corr

, regulated vematic shown istorage capac

droop and mainulse.

the P2-Marx ce

test.

n three ate the

holiday enance storage proper

his has or and

during (1) the of cells ion is ve the gnostic

these ty. array s by 3 gn and ver to in the

es the detect

rective

voltage in Fig. itor to ntain a

ell.

Fl

TwPvr

l

i

pr

At

i

m

Ft

rup

Figure 5: P2 ceload, load vocurrent (Ch2),current (Ch4).

This regulationwhile operatinPWM switch varied such thramps the vodischarges anconstant. Theloop control, woutput that wilis implementedeach cell, all cprovides trueredundancy is availability. Tavailability estA conceptual dthe 32 cells seasily removesupport, thiinterconnectioncooling, and electrostatic fessential to maximum elec18 kV/cm. Th2.2 m tall, app

The prototyFabrication antake place in 2

A Marx-topdeveloped torequirements. undergoing lifprototype, P2 Mdevelopment.

ell output voltaoltage (Ch1), main switch

n approach is ng a single cel

operates at 40hat the currenoltage on the nd the sum oe results shownwhich producell be eliminated. Incorporaticells are then ie redundancy

achieved, whiThe specifics otimates, have bdesign of the Plide into the sed for services structure n between ce

field shapinfields. The

achieving a ctric fields withhe enclosure isroximately 20%ype cell testnd testing of t2011.

CONCLpology modulo meet the The first genefe testing at SMarx, with an

age regulation PWM filter

(Q1) voltage (

illustrated in Fll with a resis0 kHz as the

nt through thefilter capacit

f the two von were achieves some perturd when closedng the voltageidentical (unlik

y. With 3ich will promo

of the cell desigbeen presented P2 is shown in support structue. In additio

provides ells, flow chg elements tfield shaping

compact mhin the enclosus 2.6 m long, % smaller thaning is nearinthe complete

LUSIONS lator has bee

ILC klystreration prototySLAC. A secincreased serv

with a resistivinductor (L2

(Ch3), and loa

Fig. 5, obtainetive load. Thpulse width i

filter inductotor Cf1 as Coltages remained under openrbations on th

d-loop operatioe regulation intke the P1), an2 cells, N+ote high systemgn, and life anpreviously [6]Fig. 6. Each oure and can bon to physicathe electrica

hannels for aito control th

g elements armodulator. Thure are less tha1.4 m deep, b

n the P1. ng completionmodulator wi

en successfullron modulatoype, P1 Marx, icond generatiovice life is unde

ve 2) ad

ed he is or

C1 ns n-he on to nd +2 m nd

. of be al al ir

he re he an by

n. ll

ly or is

on er

The aucontributiCassel, EMoreno, developm

[1] ILC http:/

[2] T. ErsysteIEEEWA,

[3] C. BNguyDeveSept http:/

[4] TangregulPoweURL&arn

[5] MackOlsenPEBBConfURL&arn

[6] MackNguya Pmodu816, URL&arn

Figur

ACKNOuthors wish ions of D. AnE. Cook (LLNP. Shen, and

ment program.

REFRefere

//www.linearcoricsen, “Powe

ematic approacE Power Eng.

16-20 July 20Burkhart, T. Gyen, J. Olsen, elopment Progr

29 – Oct//trshare.triumf

g, T.; Burkharlator for ILC Mer Conference,

L: http://ieeexplnumber=53862ken, K.; Burkhn, J.; , "A hierB-based ILC ference, 2009.

L: http://ieeexplnumber=53862ken, K.; Beukeyen, M.N.; TanPEBB-based ulator," Pulsed

L: http://ieeexplnumber=53863

re 6: Conceptu

OWLEDGMto acknowled

nderson, C. BrNL), K. Mac

d A. Viceral t

FERENCESnce Deollider.org/cmsr Electronic B

ch to power el Soc. Summe00, pp. 1216-1

G. Beukers, RT. Tang, “IL

ram Status,” Lt 3, 2008, f.ca/~linac08prrt, C.; NguyenMarx droop com, 2009., pp.14lore.ieee.org/st21&isnumber=

hart, C.; Larsenrarchical contrMarx modula. PPC, pp.82lore.ieee.org/st59&isnumber=ers, T.; Burkhang, T.; , "Desig

Marx-topologd Power Confer

June lore.ieee.org/st66&isnumber=

ual design of th

MENT dge the signrooksby (LLNcken, G. Leyto the SLAC

S esign Rs/?pid=100043Building Blocklectronics,” iner Meeting, S218.

R. S. Larsen, MLC Marx ModLinac 08 Confe

Victoria, Caroc/Proceedingn, M.; , "A vmpensation," P

402-1405, Junetamp/stamp.jsp=5386092 n, R.; Nguyen, rol architectureator," Pulsed P26-831, June tamp/stamp.jsp=5386092 art, C.; Kemp, gn consideratiogy ILC klrence, 2009, pp

tamp/stamp.jsp=5386092

he P2-Marx.

ificant NL), R. yh, D.

Marx

Report, 37 ks - A n Proc. Seattle,

M. N. dulator erence, anada, gs/. vernier Pulsed e 2009 p?tp=

M.N.; e for a Power

2009 p?tp=

M.A.; ons for lystron p.811-

2009 p?tp=