ilc dominant technologies
TRANSCRIPT
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ILC Dominant Technologies
M. Ross, SLAC
Linac Coherent Light Source-II
Cryogenics System Manager
25 October 2018
LCWS 2018 UTA
LCLS-II Partnership
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2
Background:
Involving Industry in Superconducting RF
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
TESLA and ILC – Design studies and Industrialization
R&D from 1992 to 2013; continuing to present
• 20 year technical and infrastructure development: Creating a
de-facto standard
EU-XFEL Project – Execution 2010 to 2016
LCLS-II Project – Execution 2013 – 2020
Two 7 year-long ~1B$ highly Industrialized Projects
realization of TESLA vision
10 years of effort and investment in support of photon science
1-15 keV X-ray
Free Electron Lasers
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TDR ILC Cost Model:
Basis type
15.05.2013 IPAC 13, Marc Ross, SLAC 3
SC Linac: 35% Value
estimate
Cost Basis
type for
ENTIRE ILC
estimate
IPAC 2013 Industrial Session
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LCLS-II large scale deployment of ILC technology
Fermilab 25 March 2015 (M. Ross, SLAC)
e.g. Cavity / Cryomodule:
• Cost Validation : few percent scale
• Cost Reduction
- Applied production balanced against continued R&D
- From C100 (JLab) to EXFEL: factor 2 cavity cost reduction
• Technical Risk Mitigation
- Demonstrate construction and performance of ILC-type
cryomodules for science in the US
For US, the work on ILC and now on LCLS II has brought
together SRF programs in a way that maximizes
collaboration, efficient sharing of IP, and facilities giving the
most “bang for the buck”.
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5
ILC Dominant Technologies for LCLS-II:
Outline
• LCLS-II Industrialization Progress and Challenges
• Superconducting RF (SRF) Technology
• Cryogenic Systems
• Supporting Technologies
• Institutional Contributions
• Fermilab, Jefferson Lab, Cornell U, and SLAC
• Industrial-work in an institutional context
• Implications for ILC
• US team is better prepared, and may contribute to ILC as
a strong partner
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Cryomodule Design
modifications by
Fermilab
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LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Slide 6
LCLS-II(Linac Coherent Light Source-II)
New Injector and
New Superconducting Linac
Existing Bypass Line
New Transport Line
Two New Undulators
And X-Ray Transport
Exploit Existing
Experimental Stations
New Cryoplant
Remove SLAC
Linac from
Sectors 0-10
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LCLS-II:
A CW linac using TESLA / ILC / XFEL technology
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
• 4 GeV, Low Current (100uA), High power (1.2 MW), 100% DF
• Cavity / Coupler Heat Load is a critical performance criteria
• Cavity “Q0” Improved 3x compared to XFEL/ILC
• Gradient v/v Heat Load: intrinsic / extrinsic
• Bulk Nb, Magnetic Hygiene, Fast cool-down, Quench
management
• 95% of the cryogenic load is DYNAMIC
• Re-evaluation of cryogenic plumbing and level control
• Removal of 5K shield: static load is too small to justify
• RF Power: Solid State Amplifiers
• Cryogenic Capacity
• Different philosophy from LHC primary heat load at 2 Kelvin
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LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
LCLS-II Cryogenic System:
(ILC Technologies)
Component Count Parameters
Linac 4 cold -
segments
35 each 8 cavity Cryomodules (1.3 GHz)
2 each 8 cavity Cryomodules (3.9 GHz)
1.3 GHz Cryomodule
(CM)
8 cavities/CM 13 m long. Cavities + SC Magnet package
+ BPM
3.9 GHz Cryomodule 8 cavities/CM 6.2 m long. Cavities + BPM
Additional
Cryomodules
1.3 GHz: 4 production + 1 spare
3.9 GHz: 1 spare
1.3 GHz 9-cell cavity 320 each 16 MV/m; Q0 ~ 2.7e10 (avg); 2.0 K;
gradient reach to 19 MV/m (No Q-spec);
bulk niobium sheet - metal
3.9 GHz 9-cell cavity 24 each 13.4 MV/m; Q0~2.0e9
Cryoplant (CP1/CP2) 2 each 4.5 K / 2.0 K cold boxes; 4 kW @ 2.0 K; 18
kW @ 4.5 K; 3.7 kW nom. tot. load
Spare compressors 2 Warm He Comp. 1 spare Cold Comp.
Cryogenic Distribution
System (CDS)
210 m vacuum-jacketed line, 2 each distribution boxes, 6
each feedcap / 2 each endcap 8
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SRF Linac Dominant Technology Score-Card (2018)
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Technology XFEL / LCLS-II
xfer to industry
Issues: XFEL Issues: LCLS-II
Niobium/NbTi Y OK Bulk Specification
Cavity Resonator Y OK – FE rerinse FE rerinse, high
Q performance
Power Coupler Y Plating Bellows
Tuner Y OK New design – OK
Helium Vessel Y Ti welding
(nearby pipes)
Ti bellows
Magnet (Q, X, Y) Y OK New design – OK
Cryostat/cold
mass
Y OK OK – high heat
load, magnetic
hygiene
Assembly Y/N OK Institution
Test Partner institute/N OK Institution
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Cavity Resonator
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
LCLS-II Specification: Q0≥ 2.7x1010 @ Eacc = 16 MV/m in 5 mG remnant field
• Additionally the cavities must reach 19 MV/m in VT
• Reduce 2K cryogenic load, and thus operating cost of machine.
• Made possible by Nitrogen doping of SRF cavities.
• 2 trade-offs.
• Losses from trapped magnetic flux can be up to 3.6 times higher
• Reduction in maximum achievable gradient of cavity – not an issue for CW
• Remedied by:
• Improved magnetic hygiene and shielding
• Optimized design and cooldown procedures
10
N2 doping developed by
Fermilab and transferred to
industry by LCLS-II team
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New results up to 49 MV/m in Tesla shape 1.3 GHz cavities
10/24/2018Anna Grassellino - highQ/high G R&D @ FNAL11
Modified low T bake cavities
Seven different single cell cavities have now achieved unprecedented accelerating gradients with Q > 1.5e10 at 40 MV/m, post the new low T bake tweak (addition of step at 50-75C); detailed investigations ongoing; cavities sent to Cornell and Jlab, then to KEK for verification in different dewars
Grassellino et al,
FNAL
arXiv:1806.09824
See Anna’s talk
Thursday 25 Oct
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Power Coupler
RF input (room temperature)
Cryogenic
temperature
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Bellows Challenges:
1. Failure
2. Plating quality
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Cavity Tuner
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Precision electro-mechanical
component @2K
Stepping motor; Piezo-actuator
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Cavity Tuner Performance:
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
LCLS-II Data
Showing real-time resonator
tune
Spec: +/- 10 Hz deviation
must not happen more than
once ~ hours
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XFEL vs ILC vs LCLS-II 2K
He vessel
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
ILC
LCLS-2
XFEL
Challenges:
Ti welding
Bellows weakness
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Conduction-cooled SC Magnet
Package
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Fermilab-design
Made by US company
XFEL Magnet package (Ciemat)
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LCLS-II Cryomodule – adapted for 100W (2K) operation
~10x XFEL
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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Magnetic Hygiene, De-gaussing, Magnetic Shielding
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
LCLS-II Double-layer
‘hermetic’ shielding reduces
B_ambient to <5 mGauss
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1.3 GHz CM Progress
Cavities Vendor performance good
• 256 cavities assigned to strings
• Avg Q0 of these cavities in vertical test: 3.0 x 1010
Cryomodules
• 30 (of 40) cryomodule assemblies started
• 20 cryomodule tests complete (4 require retest)
• Gradient performance 14% above spec (128MV/m)
• Net gradient reduction (from Vertical Test) due to Field
Emission: 128 MV
• Q0 at spec (2.7e10 @ 16 MV/m)
No CM delivered to SLAC yet
19DOE IPR, Aug 28-29th, 2018
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CM Q0 Performance
Cryomodule Heat-Load (Average Q0) Test Results
X 1010 X 1010
FNAL pCM 2.9 Jlab pCM 2.7 *
* tested at Fermilab
F1.3-02 2.1 J1.3-02 1.7 JLab
slow
cool-
down
(now
fixed)
F1.3-03 3.4 J1.3-03 2.2
F1.3-04 3.1 J1.3-04 1.9
F1.3-05 3.0 J1.3-05 2.3
F1.3-06 1.9 J1.3-07 1.9
F1.3-07 2.6 J1.3-08 2.5
F1.3-08 2.3 J1.3-10 3.0
F1.3-09 3.3
F1.3-10 2.7
F1.3-11 3.6
F1.3-12 3.3
Operations model (with
test results shown here)
suggest that we will
have a total heat load
(@2K):
~3.7 kW
7.5% margin, one CP
Both 1.3-02 modules with low heat-treat cavities
JLab-tested CM are
expected to show in-
spec heat load with
proper cool-down
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CM E_acc Performance
Cryomodule E_acc Test Results
MV MV
FNAL pCM 145 Jlab pCM 145
F1.3-02 166 J1.3-02 138
F1.3-03 146 J1.3-03 134
F1.3-04 164 J1.3-04 144
F1.3-05 158 J1.3-05 150
F1.3-06 166 J1.3-07 130
F1.3-07 167 J1.3-08 127
F1.3-08 162 J1.3-10 156
F1.3-09 171
F1.3-10 168
F1.3-11 163
F1.3-12 152
Spec:
128 MV/cryomodule
(avg)
Exceed spec in all but
one
Four CM have no field
emission
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2. Cryogenics: “PROCESS”: Loads
22
1.3 GHz Cryo-Modules: x 35
• Cavities: 8
• Length 12 m
• Weight 8,000 kg
CP #1 CP #2
Cryo-Modules: x 37
3.9 GHz Cryo-Modules: x 2
• Cavities: 8
• Length 6 m
• Weight 4,000 kg
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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2. PROCESS: Loads
23
CAVITIES:
- A: 4K, 3.00 bar
- B: 2K, 0.03 bar
INTERCEPT:
- C: 5.5K, 3.0 bar
- D: 7.5K, 1.3 bar
SHIELDS:
- A: 35 K, 3.0 bar
- B: 55 K, 1.3 bar
• Loads: Cryo-Modules
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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2. Cryoplant: Capacity - 2x 18kW eq. @ 4.5K
24
3 421
45K Shield
8K Shield
Design Temp. kW eq @ 4.5K
Warm Sh. 45 K 1.8 kW
Cold Sh. 6.5 K 1.2 kW
Liquef. 4.5 K 1.5 kW
Cavities 2.0 K 13.7 kW
TOTAL eq. at 4.5K 18 kW / Plant
“2x Cryo-plants: LN2 Pre-Cooled, 4 Turbines, 75% Capacity @ 2.0K”
Eric Fauve
Cryoplant design: JLab
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2. PROCESS: Cold Compressors
25
Comp. P [mbar] T [K]
C1 Suct. 27 3.5
C2 Suct. 85 6.3
C3 Suct. 202 9.8
C4 Suct. 410 14.1
C5 Suct. 781 19.9
C5 Disch. 1 202 25.2
Total Flow: 215 g/s
3 421
45K Shield
8K Shield
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Difference wrt LHC
Critical Technology
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3. EQUIPMENT: CRYO-PLANT / Compressors
26
• 12x HOWDEN 321 / 193
STAGE / Plant Power L W H Weight
LP 3 x 600 kW 800 hp 7.0 m 3.3 m 3.4 m 25 tons
MP 1 x 750 kW 1 000 hp 7.0 m 3.3 m 3.5 m 25 tons
HP 1 x1 850 kW 2 500 hp 7.6 m 3.3 m 3.6 m 27 tons
SWING 1 x
600 kW to 1 850 kW / L ~ 7.5 m x W ~ 3.5m x H ~ 3.5 m / ~ 25 tons
Dana Arenius
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Difference wrt LHC
Integrated unit developed
and industrialized - JLab
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3. EQUIPMENT: CRYO-PLANT / Compressors
27
• Compressor Skids:
“A JLab Design: Compact & Cost Effective” (~20 made)
Dana Arenius
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LCLS-II Warm
Compressors
made by
PHPK,
(Columbus,
OH). Installed
at SLAC
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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3. EQUIPMENT: CRYO-PLANT / Cold Boxes
29
• Upper Cold Boxes:
• H: 13m x D: 4m, ~50 tons
• LN2 Pre-cooler.
• Lower Cold Boxes:
• L: 11m x D: 4m, ~50 tons
• 4x Turbines.
• 2.0 K Cold Boxes:
• H= 3.5 m, D= 3.5m, ~15 tons
• 5x Cold Compressors *
Dana Arenius
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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Jlab CEBAF 12 GeV
Upgrade 4.5 K cold-
box (Linde) ‘CHL 2’
OutlineLCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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Two large cold-boxes at SLAC, Oct 2018
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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Brazed Al Heat Exchanger:
Critical Technology
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Performance
Issues:
SNS, JLab CHL2
Sumitomo PP (Kobe)
Chart Industries (LaCrosse, WI)
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View along main linac:
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC) 33
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RF Power Source and Distribution
Marx modulator 10MW MB Klystron
Adjustable local power distribution system
34LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC) 35
Multi-beam klystron
The High-power RF
source for ILC
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SLAC Marx Modulator:
32 cells x 4 kV / each to deliver
120 kV, 1.6 ms, 5 HzLCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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37LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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Shielding
Cap
Conduits
38
Basic Layout at a typical LCLS-II 1.3 GHz HPRF
5 possible variations at the
accelerator housing ceiling:
• 4 upstream
• 4 downstream
• 2 upstream, 2 downstream
• 3 upstream, 1 downstream
• 1 upstream, 3 downstream
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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• Waveguide system consists of
• Isolator immediately after the SSA output
• Straights
• E, H and U bends
• 2 Flex Guides (downstream of Isolator and
final E-bend in the housing
• Directional Coupler after second flex guide
• Identical layouts for
• SSA to cryomodule (slight support variations
possible)
• in penetration
• cryomodule to accelerator housing ceiling
39
Basic LCLS-II Waveguide System
~10’
~ 20’
~36’
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
SS Amplifier (R&K Fuji-City)
Waveguide (Mega Gorham
ME)
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Cryomodule Assembly and Testing at Institutes
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Jefferson Lab and Fermilab
• Different infrastructure; equivalent process
• Experienced in-house staff
• Infrastructure (clean-room, rails and cantilever, tooling)
adapted from DESY/Saclay
• Critical welding, water-rinse, cryogenic testing, etc
technology
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Summary
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
• 1.3 GHz CM produced every four days (CEA and DESY
and vendors)
• Three weeks for LCLS-II
• Mass Production of integrated SRF module
• EU-XFEL started in May 2017
• LCLS-II to start in early 2021
• LCLS-II-HE extension to 8GeV launched (CD0)
• ~20 new cavities
• New cavity doping to extend gradient
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Cold Coupler Assembly into cavity
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC) CEA Saclay, France
Clean Room
work
44
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Basic LCLS II 1.3 GHz SSA Unit
Basic SSA Units include
• Control Module
• Amplifier Modules
• Power supplies
• Heat Exchanger
45
Front and Side Back
The R&K 1.3 GHz SSA Rack for LCLS II
LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
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7 each 1.3 GHz SSAs Prior to Shipment
46LCWS18 M. Ross (SLAC)
Outline
(Fuji City)