Ichthyologyikhthus, "fish“ logos, "study"

M PAUFVE | NTRES 2100 FIELD BIOLOGY | NOVEMBER 7, 2017

I. Diversity & PhylogenyII. AnatomyIII. MorphologyIV. PhysiologyV. Ecology VI. FisheriesVII. Research & Management

I. Diversity of Fishes

Marine Depot Blog

Our Breathing Planet

Wikipedia

MacsDiscus National Geographic Kids

TNAqua

Shoreliner11/Photobucket Wikipedia

National Aquarium

Friedman and Sallan 2012

TetrapodsExtinctExtant ‘fishes’I. Phylogeny

Saltwater, 60%

Freshwater, 40%

Fish species Global water Freshwater Surface water [& other]

But…

I. Diversity & Distribution

I. Evolution in Centrarchids

Repetitive bursts of speciation, different mechanisms appear to have driven diversification.

(1) Novel trophic strategy in Micropterus

(2) Sexual selection in Lepomis

Smith, A. J., Nelson-Maney, N., Parsons, K. J., James Cooper, W., & Craig Albertson, R. (2015). Body Shape Evolution in Sunfishes: Divergent Paths to Accelerated Rates of Speciation in the Centrarchidae. Evolutionary Biology, 42(3), 283–295.

II. Anatomy – External

II. Anatomy – Internal

Otoliths (ear bones)

III. Morphology

• Form & structure

• Morphometric• Continuous variables

• Meristic• Discrete/discontinuous variables

• Descriptive• Shape, color, etc.

Fruciano.it, Fowler, 1948

III. Morphology – Morphometric

Length-Weight Regression Common tool used in population assessments

III. Morphology – Meristic

• Otoliths• Scales• Gillrakers• Fin rays AFSC, SLU

Stripers Online

III. Morphology – Descriptive

Yellow perch

Walleye

Dark bars

Dark saddlesLower tip of caudal fin white

IV. Physiology - Body Shapes

Cruising Stalking Surface-feeding

Complex habitat

Eel-like Benthic/bottom-dwelling

IV. Physiology – Mouths

• Mouth structure reflects diet or foraging strategy

© 1995-2017 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida

Terminal

Inferior Protrusible

Superior

V. Ecology

• Typical aquatic food web: phytoplankton – zooplankton – fish (planktivores) – fish (piscivores)

• Herbivory, omnivory, planktivory, piscivory, benthivory

V. Ecology – Invasive Species

• Many introduced purposefully (pacific salmon in Lake Ontario)

USGS, NYSDEC

Lake Ontario Lake Superior

VI. Fisheries

and

VI. Fisheries

• Recreational• Subsistence• Commercial

• Overfishing• Pollution• Species introductions

$270 billionGlobally

VII. Research & Management

• Movement (spawning migrations, feeding, dispersal)

• Communities (population size, species presence, invasive detection)

• Fisheries management (stocking, regulations)

VII. Research – Movement

• Tagging

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VII. Research – Communities

• ElectrofishingAg.Tennessee.edu

• Trawling

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VII. Management

• Fisheries

Pew

• Conservation

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