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III.Nationalism Slide 2 A.Nationalism cultural identity of people based on common language, history, religion, or national symbols. 1.Positive or negative reasons. 2.Loyalty. Slide 3 COMPARING IDEOLOGIES Liberalism(Democracy)Socialism (Communism/ Marxism) NationalismConservatism civil liberties, religioustolerance, uses a constitution property and distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community common institutions, traditions, language, customs tradition,socialstability, obedience to politicalauthority Slide 4 B.Revolutions of 1848 Nearly 50 different revolts in Europe. 1.Main reason was nationalism. Slide 5 Revolutions of 1848: Nearly 50 revolutions swept over Europe. Slide 6 Map of Austria-Hungary. AUSTRIA: 1 - Bohemia, 2 - Bukovina, 3 - Carinthia, 4 - Carniola, 5 - Dalmatia, 6 - Galicia, 7 - Kustenland, 8 - Lower Austria, 9 - Moravia, 10 - Salzburg, 11 - Silesia, 12 - Styria, 13 - Tirol, 14 - Upper Austria, 15 -Vorarlberg. HUNGARY: 16 - Hungary, 17 - Croatia and Slavonia; 18 - Bosnia & Herzegovina. Austria-Hungary In 1848 Slide 7 The Colors of the Nation, by Claude Monet.Nationalistic Slide 8 C.England s Victorian Age (1837-1901). 1.Queen Victoria Longest reign in English history. The Victorian Age marked the height of the British industrial revolution and the height of the British Empire. Slide 9 D.Reforms in Russia. 1.Czar Alexander II issued an emancipation and freed the serfs in 1861. Although the serfs were now free to own property and marry who they wanted, they realized they did not have enough good land to support themselves, leading to starvation and many of the old ways of farming. Slide 10 E.Italian Unification (1859-1870). 1.Giuseppe Garibaldi Italian patriot (red shirts) led independence. 2.1861, new kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II. Garibaldi led the Red Shirts, captured Sicily, then marched north. Victor Emmanuel IIs National Monument in Rome, Italy. Slide 11 Italy and Camillo di Cavour Prime Minister of Italy. Prime Minister of Italy. Diplomatic statesman to expand Italian power. Diplomatic statesman to expand Italian power. Ally of France. Ally of France. Provoked a war with Austria. Provoked a war with Austria. As he won battles in the north, he helped Garibaldi in the south. As he won battles in the north, he helped Garibaldi in the south. Garibaldi and Cavour making Italy in an 1861 cartoon. Slide 12 Italian nationalists focused their hopes for independence on Piedmont. Slide 13 F.German Unification (1866-1871). 1.Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia. a)Militarism reliance on armed force. b)Planned 3 wars. c)Realpolitik politics of reality. d)Unified the 38 Germanic states. The great questions of the day are decided by blood and iron. - Otto von Bismarck Slide 14 G.Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). 1.Bismarck tricked France into declaring war on Prussia. 2. Prussia won Alsace & Lorraine; 5 billion francs. The Ems Dispatch from Bismarck misled the public about the conversation between William I and the French Ambassador, leading to war. New military tactic used by Prussians: Encirclement instead of linear fighting. Slide 15 Prussia was an authoritarian and militaristic state. Slide 16 In the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, William I is proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Reich (the medieval Holy Roman Empire was first) as Bismarck watches, 1871. The Proclamation of the German Empire, by Anton von Werner (1885) Slide 17 ACTIVITY On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph (5 complete sentences) on whether a country should start a war if they know they will win. Consider what Prussia gained by fighting France (Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871).