iiiiii~i - ifesvice-president from ihose deemed .,ulom"tlc.ulv rcslr.ncd frolll ocllce iipon the;...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Date Printed: 01/06/2009
JTS Box Number:
Tab Number:
Document Title:
Document Date:
Document Country:
Document Language:
IFES ID:
IFES 16
38
SAILENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED 1993 ELECTION CODE OF THE PHILLIPPINES
1993
PHI
ENG
EL00368
IIIIII~I FCC - A B F
-
I
i I I .
I I I I I
I ! .
I . I
I I
, .
I i
. . '-~. .
(
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
c--'
F pifton Whirr Ilcsource Center , .. IatematiolJai f!l\!ndcnon for E!~tion Sys~
• J
-
-
•. ,
A
SAllEN'r rEA'fURES or 'fHE pr~OPOS£f) 1993 £!.£cnON CODE
Or THE PiUUPPIN£S
PMt flum the Olllnlllu.~ U ... '(·.liun Code, utherwl~ known .1.' 8.\t.\~ 1'.Ullb.lI~"'I OIl:. 881, the I.Iw 011 Phllippille electlUlls Is cont.lined III mUle 010111 10 ~I"I
rate election laws and related legislation, Including the Loc.aI c.ovemment Code of J 991 (Republic Act No. 7160). This proposed election code, to be
known .IS the "1993 EJection Code of the Philippines," collsolldates all elcdlon laws cur-. rently In force Into one code, IncorporatCs, where 'lPpllc.,li>le, Jurisprudence on election
CoMeS and. several pending bill" In COllSrcss, .lnd Implements collslitulloncll pr()vi~on~ . aPI)IIc.ll>le to elections.
The proposed c.ode provides for pollllc.ll silu.lllons .m re.llities not foreseen by the framers of our old elec.lion I.Iws, and ellminatcs so-called "dead-Ielte( provisions of
the present election code, espedcllly on election. offerlSCS; which have proved unreailstlc or dlmcult to enfurce. On the other h.uul, it ~Ivcs mOlc Ier of the major reforms In the proposed code Md the rationale for the introdud'ioll of new provisions or amenument of exi511n~ unes Me indlc.tled herein.
~ ". r-; .
I ON MODtRNlZATION or nlf. EUCTORAL 1'Jl0C£S5
• AUlhorlution [or the Commission on f.lectlons (0 i\llppt new $)'SIems. form~ technological devices and SAfesuanls' for yotlng. cpunting Md c .... !: y,,-,slng (Sec. IS, par. 10). This Is a new provision addressing the proolems of rrdud. human error and tlelc\y5 In voting, counting .llld c.1n-
v,lSSlng.
• Com[!utcrizatlon of the list of voters (Sec. J 84) provldl!) Instant Information on registered vl)lers per prednct, whim CollI be
updated from IIm< to lime. 111i5 Is a new proviSion which seeks to eliminate padded ,lIld falsined IIsIS of voters.
-
,
•
•
riJ . I I ! :.J ON CANDIDAQES • Dlsguallnc..\I10n from runnln& for nubile ornee of:
•
•
I. TIle Ch.,irm.,n. Mcmb!;r;;. offid.,ls _'"d employees
of the Commission on Elections, in the elections iOllnecli.
Mely following their [ellremen!. [eslv,nation. or ccu.ill!lli
from ornce (Sec. (4). This is ii' new pravislon aImed at
.wolding the use of onc's office LO enhan,e one's future
c..uldidacy. esped.lIly considerins th.,t the Commission on Eleclions Is 1\11: 'refe,~' 01'
'umpire' of tile· c!ection proceSs.
2.. Any c.lodid.1f.., who wilildr.IWS Ilis c;,,,,dicl.,cy. in !hes.,me clegj9n dUlil"!
which he wi!hdr.lws his c.lndid"cy (Sec. I 10. I'M. 3). n,is Is.1 new plovlsiCl\d($lgoed to reduce politlc..,1 horselr.,dln~ "nd the I.l.'t-mlnute tilinS of CCl'lIfic..ltC5 of allc.lk~\cy.
3. Any person \",.'1)0 r.li1s 10 O,lY tIll' ,ulminj~lrtllive line for r.,nUll,! to fi:s ., ~VVOfn ~!,'tcmen! of elector"l cCintril"lIio,,~ ,\lId expe"(litl.~ (Sec. 10·t). A new provision i",
tended to secure compli.\I\ce with election I"w~. '.
rrohlbltlon i\s,.,lnst tumco"tlslrl. (Sec. 10 I). DisqUiumes from running fl/r, or .>SSUIll-
ing. public ofiic.e any elective· public. olncer or
dacv. of cerllfled lrue lOoples of his Income to\)( returils (Sec. III). n,ls is .1 new·
provision to respond to thl! need for transpurency In public service and compliance
with legul oblig"lions to soveinment. lis indusion W~lS likewise reconllnendcd by the Uure"u of Intcmul Revenue (UII().
• Non-exemption of i\lW elective official runnlllg for the alOce of Ihe Prc~ldcnl or
Vice-PresIdent from Ihose deemed .,ulom"tlc.Ulv rcslr.ncd frolll oCllce IIpon the;
fllIlI& of their c;ertlflq\tes of candld~ (Sec. I 15). Under Sec. 61 of Ihe present·· election ;code, such omdals werenot so considered r.esigned. from office. 111e ratlon.lIe for Ihis change in the proposed code is th.,t the re,lSOn behind the preseri! law for
. , . considering such offidals ipso {.lctO resigned from omce (i.c., that he may use the le-
sources pf liis present omce for his candiducy) likewise applies to Ihose running for Ihe
top posts in government.
i . • rrohlbltlon on poJltlc.al dynastv (Sec. 116). TIl is seclion prohibits poliliUlJ dynasties
or the simultaneous or successive candld.ldcs of persons related within the third dvll :
degree of C01lS
-
•
.'
I. In case ofwithdr.lwal - not allowed.
2. In
Oexiilility 10 call for a conliul/ation of m clecllon ,suspendC'l under certain conditions. where ',such suspension would affect the resultS
thereof.
• ;::ontlnulng elcctl(l.n eduCi".tlon . .JndU!!Inr, provIsion In $d!901
cuntHlllm of a subJect on eli\rty .. Ust ,system Is a I1'1Ichillllsl\l of propoltion.,' rcpr=ntatlon In the House of RepresentatiVes of political
)#tIes; organlz.'tion. or CLl.llltlons with natlon,\I, rcslonal or s~toral con..Utuency. 11s Is a new provision .limed .1t cUminatln3 Inequitable repmsentaUon of m
-
L
-4-
•. :>y"ell1 o/·reS.\J/ ,:>cc.:;. ()/ 10 '''i. /Il'~ provISion IS ,I rClteralton or Il.
-
•
•
-5-
tMIIy speeds up ifte c.aovass1rJ8 PI'OCe!IS that would In J60n.
• BssoUDt of yote;J In Sf" 00 "ectfon qtgrga ,,,,,,HtesI to e. bcwd of w,_· m (Sec. Z78). In this case. the CoI1ll"llls1lQl\ may Older the board of eM :1~11nllpclotors to recount the votes of candidates alfected and prepare the eledlon 'returns theleI'or. 1hIs Is a new provision to COYer such A contlngwx:y.
. •. MM''''' mom In d!!jdap ""una (Sec. Z80).TheplOpOMId code spada. the punds for CDI11!CtIon of mantrest er!'OIS. By Jlm1tln& the gJOUnds to those aiumer-Ated, And authorizing the board of CMlVassers to motu p1tJpIfO correct !Udl,enors, thls provision would expedite the c:.anv1!.SSinS proc.ess. '
•
-
t
6
• Ban on political adYertlsemenl$ Inmed!;l (Sec. 131). The proposed code adopts the existing law on political advertisements In the mass media as contained In Sec. 11(b) of Republic Act No. 6646 (otherwise known as thE, Electoral Reforms 4wof 1987), while at the same tlme preserving the tight of media to print or broadcast newsworthy views and events. RA 6646 dooares It unlawful for My newspaper, radio broadcasting or televlslon station or other mass media. ()r My person making use of the mass media. to sell or gtve free of charge print space or air time for 9Utl-,. .
•
palgn or other politlCoa1l purposes except to the CommIss!oo for "Comelec llme" and 'Comelec Space" purposes. The Commission, however, Is disposed to oonsIder a !.!fi!ns of the ban, but Qnly for c;:;wdldate:; for natloMl office (I.e., itlr President, Vice President and Senators), and sublect (0 the regulatory powe!Sof the Commission. .. The Commission appredares the limitations of
• DI.'!gOsltlon of tm"~!t.~ (Se
-
•
•
~IOB SEC. SEC. SEC. SB¢. SEC· SEC.
SEC.
SBq.
SBC. SEC.
SEC. ,
SBC. SEC.
SEC. SBC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SBC.
l'IIOI'OaD 1993 ~Imr COR CW '!lIE I'IIILIPPIDII
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
9.
10 • 11.
12.
13. 14.
15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
23.
0 ..
ABI~ I - "U'P'L ""1810.8
ifitle ••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ' •• Applicabili tl' .................................... . Blection and campaign periods ••••••••••••.••• Postpona.ent of election •••••••••••••••••••• SuapenaiOD of election •••••••••••••••••••••• Failure of election ............................ . Call for special elections clue to postponeaent, sWlpeft8ion, or failure of elec:tiona ..................................... . Blection code to be available in polling places ................................ . Official .. il and telegraa relative to el8C'tiaD· ••• ' •• ' .................................... . Shipment and transport of official cargoes ••• ~ransportation and mobilization of officials, a.ployees and deputies of the OlMi •• ion ............. e' ...................................... ~ .. . Election 8ZpeIUIes .. ........................ e' .................... .. ,
A. CXIIPOSITIOB
~e ~ill.1OD. ...................................................... , .. .. Disqualification of the • hera of ~ c::o.18aiOD ••••••••••••••••• ' •••••••• ' •••••• , ••
!
B. . POW&idi AIID PUBC2'IOIIS
Pallera and fan.c"tiOllS ••••••••••••••••••••• ~ •• Special reliefs in election cases •••••••• ~ ,; •
C. CBi1BAL ARD PIELD OFFICES
Central office •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Pield offices ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• QualificatioftS of central office officials ••• Qualifications of· field officials ••••••••••• Office and storage space •••••••••••••••••••• Changes in the COWIpOsition and _signneat of offices ..................................... . Reorganization •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••
1 1 1 2 2 3
3
3 4
4 5
6
7
7 13
13 13 U 14 15
15 15
-
•
•
SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
SEC •
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC .
SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
. SEC. SEC.
ARTICLE III """ ELECTIOR AND OTHER PROCESSES
A. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
24.
25.:
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. 32. 33.
. 34. 35. 36.
37. 38;
39. 40.
41.
42. 43.
44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.
50. 51.
Regular election for Pre'sident and Vice-President .................................................................... .. Special elections for President and Vice~ President .................................................................... .. Canvass of votes for President and Vice-President by the provincial, city and district boards of canvassers •...••••••••••• Canvass of votes for President and vice-President by Congress ...................... . Correction of errors after transmission'to Senate President ••••...•..••..•.••••.•.••• ' .• Determination of authenticity and due execution of certificate of canvass ••••••••• Incomplete or altered certificate of canvass
B. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
Regular election for Members of COngress Special election ...................................................... .. Term of office .......................................................... .. ComIK>si tioD ................................................................ .. Party-list representatives •••.•••••••• , ••••• Canvass of Votes for Senators ••••••••••.••••
C. ELECTION OF LOCAL OFFICIALS
Regular elections of local' officials .••••••• Election of members of the sangguniang panlalawigan, sangguniang panlungsod and sangguniang bayan by district •..•••••••••••• Highly-urbanized and component cities •.••••• Sectoral representatives .•••••.••••••••.••••
D. ELECTION OF OFFICIALS OF THE AUTONOMOU.S REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO
Regular elections for officials in the Autonomous Region •.••.•.•••••••••...•••••••• Composition of regional assembly .•••••••••••• Term of office .......................................................... ..
E. ELECTION OF BARANGAY OFFICIALS
16
• 16
16
• 17
18
18 18
19 19 20 20 20 20
21
21 22 22
23 23 23
Regular election of barangay officials •••••• 23 Term of office ............................................................ 24 Sangguniang barangay ...••••••••.•••••••••.••• 24 Cerfificate of candidacy.................... 24 Board of election inspectors •.•...•••••••••• 24 Activities during the campaign period ••••••• 25
F. PARTY-LIST SYSTEM
Party-list system defined ••••••••••.•••••••• Registration .............................................................. ..
25 26
-
•
•
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC • SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC •
SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
52. Manifestation to participate in party-list system ................. 1 ................................. .
53. Certified list of registered parties •••••••• 54. Bomination of party-list representatives •••• 55. Qualifications of party-list nominees ••••••• 56.. Manner of . voting ...................................................... . 57. Procedure in allocating seats for
party-list representatives •••••••••••••••••• 58. How party-list representatives are chosen '" 59 .. ~erDl of off ice .......................................................... .. 60. Change of affiliation; Effect ••••••••••••••• 61 .. Vacancy ........................................................................ ..
62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77 • 78.
79.
80.
81.
82. 83. 84. 85. 86.
87. 88. 89.
90.
91.
G. SYSTEM OF RECALL
Recall defined .......................................................... .. By whom. exercised .................................................... .. Who ma.y be recalled. ................................................ .. Recall; How COlDJDenced. ............................................ .. Process of recall .................................................... .. Date of recall election ••••••••••••••••••••• Certificate of candidacy •••••••••••••••••••• Prohibition from resignation •••••••••••••••• Effect .......................................................................... .. Limitations .. ......................................... .
H.· SYSTEM OF IBITIATIVE AIm RBFBRElfDUI(
Defini tiOD of terms •••••••••..•••••••••••••• Who may exercise .•••.•••..••••••••••••••••••• Requirements ..•••••••••••••••••••.••••.••••• COntents of petition .•...•.•.•..••.......•••• Limitations on petition ••••••••••.•••••••••• Verification of signatures •••••••••••••••••• COnduct and date of plebiscite on initiative or referendum ••••••••••.••••••••• Effectivity of initiative or referendum. ·proposi tioD ••••••••.••••••••••••• Indirect initiative: House of Represeneatives •••••.••.•••••••.•••••••••••• Indirect initiative: Regional and local legislative bodies .......•..••..••.•.••.•••• Limitation on local initiatives .••••••••••••• Limitations upon local legislative bodies ••• I.ocal referendum. •••••••••••••.•..••••••••••• Appeal ••.•...•..•••••.•.••••...••••.••••.••• Unconstitutionality and invalidity· of prop'si tiOD .....•••.••• ~ •••..•.•••••••••• ~ ••
I. ABSEBTEE VOTIBG
Absentee voting .••••.•••••••••••••••.••••••• l?t!rsolls c()ver~ •••.••.•••••••••••••••••••••• Absentee voting by qualified i government ~rsonnel ........................ ~ •• Absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad ........................................... .. Counting and canvass ..................................... .
26 26 26 26 27
27 28 28 29 29
29 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 32 32
32 33 33 34 35 35
35
35
36
36 38 38 39 39
39
39 39
40
41 43
-
•
•
SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC~
SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SBC. SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SBC •. SEC. SBC. SBC.
SEC.
SEC.
92.
93.
Assistance of other government agencies/officials ••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••• Securi ty measures ...................................... ' ............. ..
43 43
AftICLE IV - POLITICAL PARTIES. CAlIDIDADS
94. 95. 96. 97.
98. 99.
ARD ClUGPAIGS PBOPAGARDA .
A. POLITICAL PARTIBS
Political party. organization. or coalition •• Registration ...... "'0 ..................................................... .. Accreditation of political parties •••••••••• Publication of petition for registration or accreditation .................................................. , .. .. Cancellation of registration/accreditation ••• Prohibition against change of political party affiliation •••••••••••••• ~ ••
44 44 45
45 46
46
B. BLIGIBILITY AND QUALIFICATIONS OF CANDIDADS
100.
101. 102.
103. 104.
105. 106.
107.
108. 109. 110. 111.
112. 113. 114.
115.
116. 117. 118. 119.
120.
121.
Qualifications Vice-President Qualifications Qualifications
for President and .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. for Senator .................................. .. for Member of the House
46 47
of Representatives ••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.. 41 Qualifications for regional officials •••• :.. 48 Qualifications of elective local officials... 48 ,
C. DISQUALIFICATION OF CANDIDAHS
Disqualifications ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• Priority accorded to disqualification ' process ......................................................................... .. Bffects of disqualification •••••••••••••••••
D. RULES ON CANDIDACIBS
49
51 51
Certificate of candidacy •••••••••••••••••••• 52 Contents of certificate of candidacy •••••••• 52 Filing of certificate of candidacy •••••••••• 54 Ministerial duty of receiving and acknowledging receipt of certificate of· candidacy ...................................... ' .............. ~ .. .. .. .. .. 55 Posting. of certified list of candidates...... 55 Nomination of official candidates •• 1........ .56 Candidates holding appointive or p.lec;::ti ve off ice ..............•••...••••••••• 56 Political dimasty defined; Prohibited candidacies •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 Nuisance caD.didacies •••••••••••••••••••••••• 57 Guest candidacy .••••••••••••••••••••.••••.. i . . 57 Period £01: political convention or meeting~.. 57 Substitution in case of death. disquali-fication or eithdrawal of candidate •••••••• 58 Petition to deny due course to or cance~ a. certificate of candidacy ••••••.••••••••••• 59 Unopposed candidacicfl ••••••••••.•••••••••••• 59
-
•
•
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC •
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. sEc. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC • SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
122. 123. 124. 125. 126;
127 •
128. 129. 130.
13l. 132. 133. 134.
135.
F.
136. 137.
138. 139.
140. 14l. 142. 143.
144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149.
150. 15l. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 16l. 162.
E. CAMPAIGN AND ELECTION PROPAGANDA
Defini tions ..................................................... . Intervention of foreigners ...•.•.•..•.••••.. Undue ecclesiatical influence ••••••••••••••• Lawful election propaganda ..•.....•..••..... Prohibition on removal, destruction, or defacement of lawful election propaganda •••• Requirements for printed election propaganda . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. ......................... .. Prohibited election propaganda •••••••••••••• Ban on political advertisements in media ••••• Regulation of· election propaganda through mass med.ia .......................................... ) ... .. COmelec spa.ce ............................................. .. COmelec time ...................................... .. COmmon poster area •........•.•....•...•....• Ral~i~s! meetings and other political act~ V~ t1es ............................................ . Transportation, food and drinks •••••••••••••
ELECTORAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPEIIDITURBS
Definitions ........................................ . Lawful expenditures of candidates and political parties ..•......•.•••••....•.••••• Prohibited contributions .................. J •.•• Pro~~i~ed donations and fund-raising act1 V1 t1es ................................. . True name of contributor required ••••••••••• Report of contributors ..................... . Limitations on election expenditures •••••••• Persons authorized to incur election expenditures ................ ............... . Record of contributions and expenditures •• , •• Statement of contributions and expenditures •• Form and contents of statement •••••••••••••• Effect of failure to file statement ••••••••• Preservation and inspection of statements •••• Report of contractor and business firms ••••••
AftICLB V - PRB-BLEC'lIOil ~IVlrIBS
A. REGISTRATION OF VOTERS
Defi:ni tioD ................................... . Permanent list of voters ••••••••••••••••••••• Continuing system of registration of voters •• Registration of voters ...................... . Who ma.y register ........ ,. ................... . Re-registration ............................. . Illiterate or disabled applicants •••••••••••• Election registration board •••••••••••••••••• compensation of the Members· of the Board ••••• Notice and hearing of application •• , ••••••••• Challenge of right to register ••••••••••••••• Power to. administer oath and issue summons ••• Approval or disapproval of application •••••••
59 60 60 61
62
62 63 64
65 66 66 66
67 67
68
69 70
71 72 72 72
73 73 74 75 75 76 76
77 78 78 79 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 83
-
•
•
SEC.
SBC.
SEC. SBC. SEC. SEC.
SBC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SBC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC ••
SEC. SBC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC.
163.
164.
165. 166.
. 167. 168.
169.
170. 171 •.
172. 173.
Publication of action on application for registration ............................................................... .. Preservation of voters'registration .records .......................................................................... .. Provincial cp;ntral file ...............•••...• National central file ...... ' ....................................... .. Voter's identification card •••••••••••••••••• Cha.J.lg~ of. residence to .another city or mun1c1pa.11ty .................................................................. . Change of address in the same city or municipali ty ................................................................ .. Cancellation of registration ••••••••••••••••• Preparation and publication of the certified list of voters ........••••.•••••... Sealing of precinct book of voters ••••••••••• Jurisdiction in inclusion and exclusion cases .............................................................................. ..
174. Petition for inclusion of votes in the list •• 175. Voters excluded through inadvertence or
registered with an erroneous or mispelled name ' ................................................................................ ..
176. Change of name of registered voter ••••••••••• 177. Petition for exclusion of voters from
83
83 83 84 84
84
85 85
86 86
87 87
88 88
the list .......................................................................... 88 178.
179. 180. 181.
182. 183.
184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190.
191.
COmmon rules governing judicial proceedings in the matter of inclusion, exclusion and correction of names of voters ......•••.....•. Verification of registered voters ••••••••••••• Annulment of book of voters .•...•••••••.•.•.. Reconstitution of lost or destroyed registration records ......................... . Examination of registration records •••••••••• Computerization of the permanent list of voters ................................... .
B. PRECINCTS AHD POLLING PLACES
Def ini tions ............... .................. . Precincts and their establishment •••••••••••• Arrangement of precinct ..................... . Publication of city or municipal maps •••••••• Designation of polling places •••••••••••••••• Requir~~ents for polling places •••••••••••••• Limi tat ion on the designation of polling place .......................................... . Poster and flag of polling place ••••••••••• ~.
C. D01\RD OF ELECTION INSPBCTORS
89 90 90
.90 91
91
92 92 92 93 94 94
94 95
SBC. 192. Constitution of board of election
SBC. SBC. SEC. SBC. SBC. SEC. SBC.
193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199.
in~pectors ................... .......••...•.•••• Qualifica't.ions ..................................... .
.Disqualifications ........................... . oath of members of the board ••••••••••••••• :. Temporary vacancies ...........••..•......•• ~. Temporary designation by watchers •••••••••••• Arrest of absent members· ~ ••••••••.•••••••••• ~ Relief and substitution of members of
95 95 96 96 96 96 97
"the board .......................................... 97
-
•
•
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205.
206. 207. 208. 209.
Powers and functions of the board . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. Proceedings of OOard ........ ................................... . Authority of board within polling place •••••• Voting privilege of members of board ••••••••• Prohibition against political activity ••••••• Per diems of boards of election inspectors and other personnel .................... .o ............. .o ...... .
D. WATCHERS
Official watchers ........................... .o ................ .o ... . Qualifications ........ .o • .o • .o .......................................... .. ~~o may appoint watchers .•••••••••••••••••••• Rights and duties of watchers ••••••••••••••••
AR"i'ICLE VI - ELEC'lt'IOW MBS, SUPPLIES AlID PARAPHBpMllLtA
97 97 98 98 98
99
99 100 100 101
SEC. 210. Official ballots ..................................................... :... 102 SEC. 211. Election returns .•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 103 SEC. 212. Names of candidates in election returns and
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
tally pa.per .................................................................... 103 213. Printing of official ballots, election
returns and certificates of canvass •••••••••• 103 214. COmmittee on printing •••.•••••••••••••••••••• 104 215. Duties of the co~ittee •••••••••••••••••••••• 104 216. Other committees ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• lOS 217. Distribution of official ballots and
election returns .......................................................... 105 SE;.C. 218. Verification and distribution •••••••••••••••• 106·. SEC. 219. Certificate of canvass and other
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
220. 221. 222. 223 224.
225.
226. 227. 228.
229. 230. 231-
232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237.
canvassing forms ........................................................ .. Tally paper .................................................................. .. Ballot ool:es ................................................................ .. Voting booths .............................................................. .. Certified list of candidates ••••••••••••••••• Furnishing of ballot boxes, election forms and materials .................................................. .. New forms, security markings and devices •••••
A. CASTING OP VorES
Votin.g hours ................................................................ .. Preliminnrie.3 to the voting •••••••••••••••••• l?e,:sons allol1eo. in and around the 1'C'11j.ng plac0 .............................................................. .. Challenge against illegal voters ••••••••••••• C~allenge based on certain illegal acts •••••• Admission of challenged vote immaterial in crminal proceedings ................................................ .. Record of challenges and oaths ••••••••••••••• Order Qf voting .' ........................................................ .. Manner of obtaining ballot ......................... ' •• Use of indelible ink ••••••••••••••••••••••••• Aut..'lenticat.ion of .the ballot •••••••••.••••••• Manner of: voting .•..•.•••.•••••••••••.•••••••
106 106 106 106 107
107 107
108 108
109 110 111
111 112 112 112 113 113 113
-
•
•
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC • SEC. SEC.
238. 239 •.
240. 241. 242. 243.
244.
245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256.
Prohibi tions on voting ............................................ .. preparation of ballots for illiterate and disabled voters •••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• S:pc:)iled. ballots .......................................................... .. Disposition of unus~ ballots ............. ~ .. Minutes of voting and counting of votes •••••• Prohibition on premature announcement oit "()t:ill~ .................................................................. .... ..
B. COUNTING OF VOTES
COunting to be public and without interruption .•.••.••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••• Transfer of venue for counting •.•••••••••• ; •• Rules for appreciation of ballots •••••••••••• Excess ba.llo'ts ............................................................ .. Ballots with detachable coupon •••••••••••• ; •• Ma.rked. ballots ........................................................ ~ .. .. SlJC)iled. ba.llots .......................................................... .. ManDer of counting votes ......•.........•• ~ •• Preparation of election returns •••••••••••••• Distribution of election returns ••••••••••••• COrrections in the election returns ••••••• ; •• Proclamation of election result •••••••••••••• Certificates of votes obtained by candidates ...................................... .... ~ ........................ ..
114
114 115 116 116
116
117 117
.117 121 122 122 122 122 123 124 126 127
127 SEC. 257. Delivery and custody of ballot boxes, keys,
election supplies and documents •••••••••••••• 127 SEC. 258. Preservation of ballot boxes; Disposition of
contents ................ ~ .................................................. ~ .. .. 128 SEC!. 259. Preservation of voting record •••••••••••••••• 129 SEC. 260. Documents omitted or erroneously placed
SEC. SEC •
SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC •.
inside the ballot box ................................................ 129
ARTICLE VIII - CAllVASS AIID PBOCLUIA'.rIOR
261. Board of canvassers .........•............. ~ .• 129 262. Supervision and control over board
of canvassers ................................................................ 131 263. Substitution of members of board
264. 265.
266. 267. 268.
269. 270. 271. 272.
273. 274.
275.
of can.vassers .............................................................. .. Disqualification due to relationship ••••••••• Prohibition against leaving official station .......................................................................... .. Proceedings of board of canvassers ••••••••••• Notice of meetings of the board •••••••••••••• Delivery and transmittal of election returns .......................................................................... .. Safekeeping of transmitted election returns •• canvass by board of canvassers ••••••••••••••• canvassing committees ••.....• ~ •...........••. canvassing by provincial, city, district and municipal boards of canvassers ••••••••••••••• Distribution of certificates of canvass •••••• Election returns with serial number different from assigned number ................................................ . When election returns are delayed, lost, or destroyed . ...................................................................... ..
131 131
132 132 132
133 133 133 134
135 136
137
138
-
•
•
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
276. 277.
278. 279.
·280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285.
Material defects in election returns ••••••••• When election returns appear to be tampered with or falsified or no election returns have ooen sllbni tted ....................................... .. Discrepancies in election returns •••••••••••• Election returns or certificates with statistically improbable entries: maJlifest errors .......................................... .. Certificate of votes as evidence .•••••••••••• When integrity of ballots is violated •••••••• canvass of unquestioned returns to continue •• canvass of votes for Senators •••••••••••••••• Elections resulting in a tie ••••••••••••••••• Failure to assume office •.•••••••••••••••••••
rurrICLE IX - Plm-PIlOCI.l\IaTIOII CUiti'iiOV&R8IBS
138
139 139
140 140 141 141 141 142 142
SEC. 286. Definition •....•.•••••••....•••••..•••••••••• 142 SEC. 287. Jurisdiction over pre-proclamation
SEC •
SEC.
SEC.
SEC.
SEC;::.
SEC.
SEC. SEC.
SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEe. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC.
controversies •.••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 143 288. pre-proclamation controversies; Where not
allot"ed .................................................... 143 289. Pre-proclamation controversies;
290.
291.
292.
293.
294. 295.
296.
297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303.
304. 305. 306. 307.
308. 309. ·310.
Wh.ere allowed ................................................ 143 Pre-proclamation controversies; How COInIDaIlced....... ...................... ' ............... . Issues proper in pre-proclamation controvercies ............................................... .. Contested cOmposition or proceedings of the board •.•••..•..•••••.••••.•.••..•.•••• Procedure in the disposition of contest~ returns •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• Partial proclamation ......................... . Pre-proclamation controversy; When deemed terr'lina ted •.•..•••..••.•.••.••.•.••••••••• : •• Effect of petition to annul proclamation . .. , ..
lmY!CU! % .;. lILIl:C'!'IOil COiUES'rS
Election contests ••••••••.••••••••••••••••••• Election protests .•.......•••.....•.......•.. Peti tioD for quo ""arranto .••..••••••••••••••• Juriadiction over election contests •••••••••• Jurisdiction of the ~ission ••••••••••••••• Period to file election contests ••••••••••••• Hearings of election contests on municipal or barangay offices •.......••••.••.•••••••••• Procedure in election contests .•••••••••••••• Judicial counting of votes ..•.....•..•.•.•... Decision on election contest ••••••••••••••••• Declaration of. 17inner.s in quo warranto casas •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••• Appeals •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DacisioDa of the Commission •••••••••••••••••• Preferen~ial disposition of election contests in courts •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••
143
143
144
144 146
147 147
147 147 148 148 148 149
149 149 149 150
150 151 151
151
-
•
•
SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
SEC. SEC • SEC. SEC.
SEC. ~C.
SEC. SEC. SEC. SEC.
311. 312.
313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321.
322. 323. 324. ·325.
326. 327.
328. 329. 330. 331.
Actual or compensatory damages ••••••••••••••• Notice 6f decisions ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
ARTICLE XI - BLBC'fIOB OREIISBS
Prohibi ted. acts ......................................................... .. Other election offenses •••••••••••••••••••••• Persons criminally liable •••••••••••••••••••• Penal ties ...................................................................... . Applicahili ty .............................................................. .. Prosecution .................................................................. . Prescription ........................................... , ................... . Jurisdiction of courts ............................................ . Preferential disposition of election offenses .......................................... :. ............................ ..
ARYICLE XII - LW'dL I'BBS
COllection of legal fees ••••••••••••••••••••• Pa'YIDent of fees ......................................................... . Non-payment of prescribed fees ••••••••••••••• Special or trust fund .............................................. ..
ARTICLE XIII· - 'l'2AllSI'l'OJtY PIIOVISIOIIS
Pending actions ••.••.••••••••••.••••.•••••.•• COntinuing system of registration; 1iIl~1l EtjCjfE!C:~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
AIl'l'ICLB XIV - FD1AL PJIOVISIOIIS
Sharing in election expenses •••. , •••.••••.•.•• Separahili ty clause .••.•••••••••...••••..•••. Repeoaling clause ••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••• Effectivity ••.•.•..••••••••••••..•.••••••••.•
152 152
152 175 175 175 176 176 176 177
177
177 178 178 178
178
178
178 179 179 179
-
1 {:.'
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• 12 13 14
15
16
17
.18
19
20 • 21 22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
fage 1
BILL HO. _____ ....... .c...
AIr AC!' BllAC1:'IIfG 2'IIE BLBcrXOlI CODB O:r 'fill: PBILIPPIIIBS '.'. " ,
. ,:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Re~resentatives'of
the Philippines in Congress, assembl,ed: ;., .; .•.. '"
AftICLB I. c;Ulk"L PBOVlSIOlI8
., .
SEC'.l'XOD .1- litle.
-
Page 2
1 [(4)] (D) Plebiscites[, initiatives and referenda - as
2 provided ,for by law or by the Commission] ON INITIATIVES AND
3 REFERERDA - AS MAY BE PROVIDED HEREIN;
4
5
.[(5)] , ,eE) , OTHER PLEBISCITES - AS'MAY BE PROVIDED BY THE
COMMISSION. (New) " , . ".", , "
6 The campaign period shall not include the day before and the,
7 day of the election, as well as Mal,Uldy Thursday and Good Friday.,
8 (Sec. 5, RA 7166P) ,':"
9 ,SBC. 4.Postponellent Ai election~ - When for any serious
10, cause sU,ch as violence, terrorism, loss, or destruction of
11
12
, , e~ection ,;paraphernalia: or records, force majeure' and other
a~alogous 'causes of'such a nature that the holding of free,
13 orderly and honest elections should become impossible in any
14 political subdivision, the Commission shall, motu proprio or upon
15 a verified petition by any in,terested party; and after notice and
16 hearing whereby all interested 'parties ar'e afforded equal
17 opportunity to be heard; postpone the election therein to a date
18 reasonably ,close, to the date of the election not held, but not
19 l~ter than,thirty (30) days after the cessation of the cause as
20 determined by the Commission.' Should there be no sufficient time
21 to notify all parties and to conduct'a hearing before the
22 election sought to be postponed, the Commission may hear the case . 23 summarily and deny or grant such postponement. (Sec. 5, BP 881)
24 ,SBC. 5. suggension gf election. - If on account of force
25 majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud, or other analogous causes,
26 th~ election in.any,political subdivision has been suspended at
27 any time before the. results"of the election could be announced
28 find the suspension of'election 'would affect'the result thereof,
29 the Commi,ssion shall, on the basis of a verified petition by any
30 interested party 'and in every case after due notice and hearing,
31 call for the'continuation of the election suspended within thirty
, I
• . '
•
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• 12 13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
.21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
page 3
.,(30) days after the cessation of the cause of suspension. (Hew)
SEC. 6. lallure 2f. election. - If, on.account of force
majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud, or other analogous causes,
the election in any political subdivision has not been held on ,
the date fixed, or has been suspended before the close of the
, voting or after the voting but not before or during the counting "
of votes or preparation or transmission of the election returns
or while in the custody thereof, such election resulted in.a
f~ilure to elect, and i~ any of such cases the failu~e of
election eould affect the result thereof, the commission, shall, , ' .
on the basis of a verified petltion by any interested party and
in every case after due notice and hearing, call for the holding
,of the election ehich resulted in a failure to elect within
thirty (30) days after the cessation of the cause of such failure
to elect. (Sec. 6, BP 881)
SEC. 7. Call ~ sgecinl elections ~ m 90l'Jtpongent, m!!ill?ens.io1!!, n failmt'e .!'!K elect.ionll;1 - The postponement,.
suspension or declaration of failure of election and the calling
of special elections shall be decided by a majority vote of the
members of the COmmission sitting en banco (Sec. 7, BP 881)
SEC. 8. ~Hcm ~.w ~ ",yailMle ~ tmlliM places. - A
C9PY of this COde shall be provided and be made a~ailable by the
COmmission in every polling place during elections. (Sec. 8, BP
881)
·q,U:. 9. Official r.ID!l. ~ t:elegrg Falat.iu .to. electiog • ..,. ., . . All ,documents, telegrans and. correspondence related to' an
elec'tion and sent by public officers in the performance of their
! election duties through tile 'postal and telecommunication service'
I shall be gi'Ten priority and transmitted expeditiously and free of I~arge. (Sec. 9, BP 881)
I Telegr~s, telex and facsimile (fax) transmission of the
-
Page 4
1, same nature shall likewise be given priority and transmitted
2 expeditiously by private FRANCHISED telecommunications and simi-
3 lar facilities. (Rew)
4 It shall be the duty of the Heads of the Telecommunications
5 Office and of private telecommunication 'companies to transDiit or
6; cause the transmittal immediately, accurately and in preference
7 to all other communications or telegrams, mes'sages reporting
8 election results and such other communications whi~h the
9 COmmission may require to ensure free, honest, and orderlr elec-
10 tions. (Sec. 9, BP 881)
11 SEC. 10. Shipment and transport gg official cargoes. -
12 During the election period, all official cargoes such as ballot
13 boxes,' official ballo'ts, election forms, records, supplies and
14 ' paraphernaiia related to elections shall be given the highest
15 priority in ',the shipment, distribution and delivery by air, land
16 ' and sea transportation companies, whether private, public or
17 government-owned or ,-controlled.
18 'It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Department of
19 Transportation and Communications, the Heads of the Civil
20
21
Aeronautics Board, Land Transportation Franchise and,Re~latory
Board, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine Rational
22 Police and Philippine ,Coast Guard to implement and monitor such
23 preferential status of official election cargoes. (Rew)
24 SEC. 11. XranBportationand RobilizatioD gg official.,
25 ~loyees ~ deputiep gg the CnqmiesiQD. - Officials, employees
26 and deputies of the COmmission shall, during the election period
27 or pursuant to an order or directive of the COmmission, or while
28 in the performance of election duties, be given a "must-ride"
29 status whether by air, land, or sea upon presentation 'of a
30 resolution, travel order, mission order or subpoena, duly issued
31 by the Commission, its Chairman, any COmmissioner, or any of its
•
•
-
Page 5
1 officials of Director rank. (New)
2 SEC. 12. Election· eg'P"es. - [Unless otherwise provided by
3 .law, the COmmission shall bear such expenses as may be necessary
4 '. . I" .,' ',..
and reasonable in connection with elections. The COmmission may
5 direct that in the provinces, cities or municipalities, the
6 election expenses chargeable to the Commission be advanced by the
7 province, city, or municipality concerned subject toreimbtirse-'
8 men"t.by the Commisslon· upon presentation· of the proper bill
9 within ninety (90)·' days from the political exercise and its
10 approval·by the Commission.] ALL EXPENSES FOR THE CONDUCT OF
ELECTIONS SHALL BE sHARim BY THE NATIONAL, PROVINCIAL,· CITY, OR MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS FOR WHICH THE ELECTION AS.HELD IN SUCH
13 MANNER AS THE COMMISSION SHALL PRESCRIBE. FOR mIS PURPOSE, THE
14 ~GGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN, SANGGUNIANG PANLONGSOD AND SANGGpBIANG
15 DAYAN cONCERNED SHALL APPROPRIATE ANNUALLY AN AMOUNT EQUIVALENT
16 TO ONE-THIRD (1/3) OF THE AMOUNT SPEtlT BY THEIR RESP~CTIVE
17 PROVINCES, CITIES, OR MUNICIPALITIES IN THE LAST ELECTION A~ A
18 CONTINUING APPROPRIATION TO COVER THEIR RESPECTIVE SHARES OF THE
19 . EXPENSES IN THE NEXT . REGULAR ELECTIONS. (Sec. 20(a), RA 6388,
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
AIilended)
FOR BARAHGAYELECTIOHS, local governments shall appropriate
such funds to defray such necessary and reasonable expenses of
the members of the board of election tellers, board of canvassers
and the printing of election forms arid procurement of other
election paraphernalia, and [the installation of polling] VOTING
booths. (Sec. 50, BP 881, Amended)
Funds needed by the Commission to defray the expenses ,for
the holding of elections shall be provided in its regular
appropriC'ltions which,. upon certification, shall immediately be
30 released to the COmmission. In. case of deficiency, the mz:ount so
31 provided shall be augmented from the special activities fund in \
"
-
fage 6
1 the general appropriations act. and from' those specifically
2 ~ppropriated for the purpose in special laws. (Sec. 10, BP,,881)
3 f
4 AR'l'ICLE II. TIlE CQIIIIISSIOR OR ELBC'fIORS " . . -
5
6 A. COKPOSI'l'IOR ':,'
7
8 SEC. 13. %Il@ cn--is.ion. - [The COmmission I3hall be CC?JDPQsed
9 of a Chairman and. six (6) COmmissioners. "w~o shal:J. be appointed . ,
10 by the President with the consent of the Commission on
11 Appointments] T~E. SHALL BE A COMMISSIOR. ON ELECTIONS COMPOSED,
12 OF A CHAIRMAN AND SIX COMMISSIONERS WHO SHALL .BE NATURAL BORN',
13 CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND, AT THE TIME OF THEJR
14 APPOINTMENT, AT LEAST THIRTY-I!'IVE YEARS OF, AGE, HOLDER~ OF ,A'
15 COLLEGE DEGREE, AND MUST NOT HAVE BEEN CANDIDATES FOR AN~
16 ELECTIVE POSITION IN THE. IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING ELECTIONS.
17 HOt-lEVER, A MAJORITY THEREOF, INCLUDING THE CHAIRMAN, .SHALL BE' '. - .,'-
18 MEMBERS OF THE PHILIPPINE BAR WHO HAVE BEE}I ENGAGE» IN .THE
19 PRACTICE OF LAW FOR AT LEAST TEN,YEARS.
20
21
THE CHAIRMAN AND THE COMMISSIONERS· SHALL BE APPOINTED BY. THE
PRESIDENT WITH THE CONSENT OF THE COMMISSION. ON APPOINTMENTS FOR . .'; - -.'
22 A TERM OF SEVER YEARS .WITHOUT REAPPOINTMENT. OF THOSE FIRST
23 APPOINTED, THREE MEMBERS SHALL HOLD OFFICE FOR SEVE, ~EARS,'
24 ' WITHOUT REAPPOINTMENT. APPOINTMENT TO ANY VACANCY SHALL BE O~Y.,
25 FOR THE UNEXPIRED TERM OF THE PREDECESSOR. IN NO CASE, SHALL ANY
26 MEMBER BE APPOINTED OR DESIGNATED IN'· A TEMPORARY OR ACTING
27 CAPACITY. (Secs. land 2, Art IX (c), COnst.)
28 It shall act as a policy-making body and exercise
29 administrative, quasi-judicial and judicial functions relative to
30 all laws and regulations with respect to the conduct of
31 elections. (New)
•
•
-
page 7 I
1 SEC. 14. Di'Ml'IfIHfiCOtriOD Af ........... rs Af .tIul (OgpissiQD. -
2 The CHAIRMAlf AND members. of, the Commission 'sha,ll, be subject to
3 the canons of judicial ethics in the discharge of. their
4 ,~unctions • ' \. .... ,Of,
5 , No Member ·of the Commission shall sit in' any 'case in which
6· he has, manifested· bias ,for' 01' against any party'thereto 'and in
7 connection, therewith, .!. "
or in:J any case' inwh'ich he wOl1ld be
8 dii3quaUf,ied under 'the Rules lof Court:'. "If, it be claimed that a
9 member is,disqualified as' above 'provided, the party objecting to
10 his competency may file his objections in writing with the
11 Commission" stating the grounds therefor. The Member concerned .12 13
shall decide whether to continue,topcirticipate in the hearing or
withdraw therefrom' •.. His decision shall forthwith be'mllde in
14 writing .and: filed with,the records of the case. I If a
15 disqualification should result in a lack of quorum'~n the
16 Commission sitting en banc, the Presiding Justice of the,Court
17 of, Appeals shall,; upon. formal' request of the Commission,
18 de!!ignate a justice of said-court to sit in said case for the
19 purpose of hearing and reaCbinga decision thereon. (Sec. 58, BP
,881) .
ThElChairman and Members· of the commission, including its
22 officials and ,employees; , shall riot be 'qualified to run for any
23 office ,in '.the election immediately suceeedingtlleir retir~ent,
24 resignation, or'cessation£rom office.
25
26 B. '. POWERS JUID nnr~IORS
27
28 ·SEC. 15. Powers Am! £UIlctioDS. - Ili'addition' to the powers
29 and functions conferred u'pon it by the Constitution, the
30 Commission shall enforce'and
-
Page 8
1 [(1)] (A) [(a,)]J1) Exercise direct and ,immediate
2 cont~ol and supervision over national fl,nd local officials or'
3 employees" ,including members of any national or local law
4 enforcement agency and instrumentality of the government required
5 by ,law or deputized by the Gommission' to perform election duties,
6 including officers and employees, of government-owned or
7 -controlled corporations,_relative to the conduct of elections;,
8 In addition, it may authorize CAT cadets eighteen (18) years of 9 age and above to act as its deputie~ for the purpose of enforcing
10 its orders; ,
11 [,(b» (2) Relieve and substitute any-officer or employee
12 referred to in the preceding sub-paragraph, who violates OR FAILS • 13 Tq COMPLY WITH the election law AIm THE COMMISSION'S, , [or fails 14 to comply with its] instructions, orders, resolutions, decisions
15 or rulings;
16 [( c) ] (3) RecomDiend to the proper authority the suspension
17 or removal from office.or imposition of disciplinary action on
18 any of such officers or employees"who may, after due process, be
19 found guilty of such'violation or failure; (sec. 52(a), BP881)
20 [(2)] (B) [(a)] (1) Promulgate rules and regulations. • 21 implementing all laws which the Commission is required to enforce 22 and administer, including those concerning the expeditious
23 disposition of election cases and pr~proclamation controversies: . '
24 provided, That, such rules,shall not diminish, increase, or
25 codify substantiva rights;
26 [(b)] (2) Require "legal fees and collect the same in
27 payment of any official transaction done in the Commission at
28 rates which it may determine; (Sec. 52(e), BP 881);
29 [(3)] (C) Hear cases and by a majority vote of all its
30 members sitting en banc or in division decide the same; (New);
,31 [(4)] (D) [(a)] (1) Summon the parties to a controversy
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• 12 13 14
15
16
17
18
19
• 20 21 22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Page 9
, pending before it, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tec~~, take
testimony and receive evidence in any investigation before it,
and delegate," at its discretion, such powers to any of ,its duly-
authorized legal officers; (sec. 52(d), BP 881) -. ". [(b)] (2) In case of failure of a witness to attend~y
hearing, and upon proof of service of subpoena, issue a warr~t . . . . . .
of arrest to ensure his presence before the Commission or its
duly-authorized legal officer; (Sec. 52(d), BP 881)
[(5)] (E) Supervise or regulate during the election
period the enjoyment or utilization of all franchises or permits -,' .
for the operation of transportation and other public utiliti~s, , , . .
media of communication'or information, all grants, special
privileges or concessions granted by the ,Government Qr any , ,
Subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including ~ny
government-owned or -controlled corporation or its, subsidiary. ".' - " " ,
Such supervision or regulation shall aim to ensure equal . ~'. . . opportunity, time and space and the right to reply, including
reasonable, equal rates therefor, for public information
campaigns and forums among candidates in conn,ection with ,the
objective of holding free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible
elections; (Sec. 4, Art. IX(C), COnst.);
[(6)] (F) Enjoy fiscal autonomy. Its approved annual
appropriations, as well as appropriations for the holding of
regular and special elections and other electoral exercises"
shall be automatically and regularly released, together with
their corresponding cash outlays; (sec. 5, Art. IX(A), const.);
[(7)] (G) When necessary, avail of the assistance of ,any
national or local law eRforcement agency or ,instrumentality of
the government in the execution, under its direct and immediate
supervision, of its final decisions, orders" instructions,
resolutions or rulings; (Sec. 52(d), BP 881)
-
Page 10
1 [(8)] (H) Punish contempt as provided for in its Rules of
2 Procedure and· in the Rules of court. Violation of any final
3 executory decision, order or· ruling of the Commission shall
4
5
constitute contempt there. (sec. 52(e), BP 881)
[(9)] (I) Enforce and execute its decisions, directives,
6 'orders and instructions, which shall have precedence over those
. 7 emanating from any other author,ity,except the Supreme Court, and
8 those issued in habeas corpus proceedings; (Sec. 52(f), BP 881)
9 [(10)] (J) Prescribe forms and printing materials for
10 official ~allots, election returns and other election
11 paraphernalia to be used in elections, plebiscites, recalls,
12 initiatives, referenda· and other electoral exercises; and adopt
13 new.systems for registration, voting, counting and canvassing
14 processes, including, but not limited to, the manner of voting
15 and the steps and location for counting and canvassing, the
16 resolution·of pre-proclamation cases and electoral contests; and
17 the use of the latest appropriate technological and/or electronic . . . 18 devices, either by piloting or installation by stages, taking
19
20
. 21
22
into .account the circumstances and
piloting or installation, and the
purpose: Provided, That,· . adequa te
markings are imposed on the use of
location of the area of
funds available for the
safeguards and security
such new forms, printing
23· materials; systems and devices: Provided, further, That, the
24 Commission shall notify the authorized representatives of
25 accredited political parties and cause the publication thereof in
26 at least two' (2) newspapers of general circulation in the are~s
27 affected by the use and adoption of new forms, printing
28 materials, systems, devices and safegUards not later than the
29 start of the election period; (New)
30 [(11)] (K) Procure supplies, equipment, materials, or
31 services for the holding of an election strictly by public
•
•
-
Page 11
1 bidding in accordance with the rules and 'regulations of the
2 Commission on Audit. If it finds public bidd:j.ng impractical 'to 3 observe, procurement may be by negotiations or sealed bids, and"'"
'. 4 in ,both cases,the list of ~warded contracts shall be published'
~ I •
5 in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation. Copies of
6 all awarded contracts shall be open for' examination and ii , 7 verification by duthorized repre;;'entatives of accredited !J1Bjor
8 political parties and of media; (Sec; 52(h), BP 881)
9 [(12)] (L) carry out a continuing and systematic calnpaign, '
10 thrqugh newspapers of general circulation, radio, television and ~ l. .
11 other media forms, to educate the public and inform the !
electorate about election laws, procedures, decisions and pther ~ ."
13 matters relative to the work ~d duties of the Commission and the
14 nec~ssity of free, orderly, honest, peaceful and credible
elections; (sec. 52(j), BP 881) "', 15
16 [(13)] (M) Cause the inclusion in the schoolcU:rri~ulum
17 FOR SECONDARY AND TERRIARY LEVELS of a subject on the importance ':,'
18 and relevance of elections, in coordination with the Deparpmeht
19 of Education, CUlture and Sports; (New) ,..
[(14)] (N) Enlist non-partisan groups or organizations of
21 citizens from the civic, youth, professional, educational,'
22 business, or labor sectors known for their probity, impartiality
23 and integrity, with membership and capability to undertake a
24 coo:r,dinated operation and activity to assist in the
25 implementation of the provi~ions ~f this Code and the
26 resolutions, orders and, instructions of the Commission for the
27 pu~se ·of free, honest, orderly, peaceful and credible elections
28 in the constituency. Such groups or organizations shall be under
29 the direct and immediate control and supervision of the!'
30 Commission and perform such functions ,and duties as may be
31 prescribed by the Commission; (Sec. 52(k), BP 881)
,
-
1
2
3
4
5
Page 12
The designation of any such group or organization may be ~, ;. , .
revoked by the Commission upon notice and hearing wheneve~ it has ·1 • .! /': !. - . . .
shown partiality to any political party or candidate, or .. " .. ',' t, I :', o,f performed acts in excess or in contravention of its functio~s and
. ,', _ .; • '. . . ;"t' . • . . ", I • :! ;1 '~". '._ '\:', .' ,
duties or committed any act in violation of the. provisions of ! .. , ',:,. '0 .'""l
,
6 this COde; (Rew) ... : . ; :
7 [(15)] (0) Conduct in the cities and provinces, upon I, , !
8 proper motion of any party, hearings on controversies pending
9 before it, t~ing into consideration the materiality and. number
10 of witnesses to be presented, the situation prevailing in the
11
12
13
area
881)
j ., • ~ ," • ". • 1 ' •. )" I ,
and the funds available for the purpose; (Sec. 52(1), BP "
.. '
[(16)] (P) Fix reasonable periods or dates for certain ,;';'" .
14 pre-election activities in order that voters shall not be
.15 deprived of their right of suffrag~; (Sec; 52(m),BP 881) ., !
16 The Commission is hereby authorized to fix the appropriate • • "' j,,' ,"
17 period for the various prohibited acts.enumerated herein ", .' j. .,' ..; ,/.....: 1
18 consistent with the requirements of free, orderly, honest, i '. '.! •
19 peaceful and credible elections; (Sec. 52, BP 881)
20 [(17)] (0) Provide death benefit~, hazard pay when '"
21 warranted, grant incentive and merit awards to members of the , .,;. ",-
22 boards of election inspectors, ,IJoard Of. c~nvassers, deputized , .
23 agencies and personnel of the Commission. Such amount as may be .\ ~.
24 necessary for this purpose shall be included in the
25 appropriations of the Commission; (Sec. 3.7, RA 7,166, Amended) ;
26 [( 18)] (R) stop any illegal election activity after due
27 notice and hearing, and summarily. confiscate, tear down, or s'top , • • 'I •
28. any unlawful, libelous,. misleading, or false election propaganda;
29 (Sec. 57(2), BP 881)
30 [(19)] (5) Examine the financial records of any candidate, , 31 political party, coalition, or organization motu proprio or upon. ,
•
•
-
page 13
1 [the] written representation for probable cause by any person or
2 gr'o~p of persons as to" election over.spending or illegal
3 expenditure; (Sec. 57(3), BP 88!)
4 For purpb~es of the two (~) immediately prec~ding
5 paragraphs, the COmmission may avail its~lf:.;of the, assistance or
6 services 'of 'the Armed Forces of: the Phi,li:ppines, Philippine
7 National Police, National 'Bureau of "Investigation, commission on
8 . Audit,' [Central 'Monetary Authority; l 'Bureau of' Internal Revenue,
9 securities and Exchange' 'Commission, ,Department of the Interior
10 and LOcal Government and other agencies of the government. (Sec.
11 57, BP 881)
SBC~ 16.' Special reliefs ill' election M'es. ",The commission
13 is hereby vested with exclusive 'authority to issue, writs of
14
15
16
17
18
19
certiorari, prohibition' 'arid mandamus in election cases. (Sec.
150, BP 697) ;'1'--'
'·1 !',
.{ . C.'CBii"tRAL AIIJ)\'PIELD Oll'l'ICES, {,' ',1", .,
'( ,"';
SEC. 17.' Central office. ,,-' The central office shall be
comPOsed 'of the offices of the Chairman,' COmmissioners, Executive
DireCtor;' 'Department Directors;' and such other offices as may be
created by the 'commission.
23 "The Executive Director shall take charge of theadministra-!
24 th'e' affairs' of theCommisston and implement its: policies and
25 [decisionsl RESOLUTIONS IN APPROPRIATE CASES under the:'
26 supervision 'of"the commission.
27 The Department Directors shall perform such powers and
28
29
30
31
dtities'as may'be assign~ by the 'COmmission. (New)
SEC. 18. Pield offices. - The Commission shall :chave the
following field offices:
[(1)] (Al Office of the Regional Election Director, headed
-
~age 14
1 by a Director IV;
2 [(2)] . (B) Office of the Provincial Election supervisor,
3 headed by a Provincial Election.Supervisor;·and
4 [( 3) ] (B) Office of the City or Municip~i Election
5 Officer, headed by a City or Municipal Election·Officer.
6 The field offices shall have such other officers and
7 employees as the COllllliission may designate. 8 The Commission may delegate its powers and functions, or
9 order the illlplementat·ion or enforcement of·i ts resolutions,
10 orders; rulings" or decisions through the EXecutive Director or
11 heads of its field offices. (Sec.· 53, BP 881)
12 SEC. 19. OpAH:fiCAtiORS gf central office o:fficials.- The • 13 Commission shall provide its own personnel policies on the 14 qualifications of its central office officials and employees
" "
15 (New) CONSISTENT WITH EXISTING LAWS AND CIVIL SERVICE RULES AND'
16 REGULATIONS. THE COMMISSION SHALL BE AUTHORIZED TO PROCESS
17 APPOIR'lMENT PAPERS OF CASUAL, TEMPORARY,~ ·CONTRACTUAL AND OTHER
18 EMPLOYEES NOT INCLUDED IN THE REGULAR PLANTILLA WITHOUT THE NEED
19 FOR APPROVAL BY THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. '(NEw)
20 SEC. 20. m"Ji:ficatioDs .gf field officials. - Only members • 21 of the Philippine Bar shall be eligible for appointment to the 22 positions of Director IV, Provincial Election supervisor and
23 Election Officer. If there are no members of the Philippine
24 Bar available for appointment as election officers, college
25 graduates with bachelors degree in law, public: administration,
26 arts, education, or business administration, in the order named,
27 who possess the appropriate civil service eligibility, may be
28 appointed to said position: provided, That, eleCtion officers of
29 cities and capital towns shall be holders of a degree in bachelor
30 of laws with appropriate civil service eligibility. (Sec. 54, BP
31 861) ,~ -, '.
-
"1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• 12 13 14
15
16
17
18
19
• 20 21 22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Page 15
. SEC. ·:21. Office ~·;.storage space. - The' local government
concerned shall provide suitable office and storage space for the
provincial election supervisor, the election officer and their
respective staff.' In case of failure of the local government
concerned to provide such space, the provincial election
supervisor or the election 'officer, as the case may be, upon
prior authority of the Commission and notice to the local ,
gqvernment concerned, may lease another place for office and
charge the rentals thereof to the funds of the local gov~rnment
concerned. (Sec. 55, BP 881)
SEC. 22. Changes !A ~ cORgosition ADd assigp.eDt Qf
offices. - The Commission may make changes in the composition of
its offices and assignment of its personnel whenever the
exigencies of the service and the interest of f'ree,· orderlY''';
honest, peaceful and credible election so require. Such chan~es
shall be effective and enforceable only for ~e duration of the
election period concerned and shall not affect the . tenure of
office of the incumbents, or constitute a'demotion, either in
rank or salary, or result in change of status. During the
ele~tion period, no REGIONAL ELECTION DIRECTOR OR ASSISTANT
Director [IV,] provincial election supervisor, or city or
municipal election officer.shall be assigned to or allowed to
remain in his area of responsibility where he and/or his spouse
is related to any candidate within the fourth civil degree of
consanguinity or affinity. (Sec. 56, BP 881, Amended)
SEC. 23. Reorganization. - The provisions of Section 22
notwithstanding, the Commission is hereby authorized to
reorganize, no more than once every five (5) years and in
accordance with civil service regulations, its central and field ~
offices,· and adjust salaries and allowances of its officials and
employees, in order to promote maximum efficiency in carrying out
-
page 16
1 its constitutional objective to ensure free, honest, 'orderly,
2 peaceful and credible elections. (Sec. 28,0, BP 881, Amended) ". :' , • .f
3'
4
5
6
7
8
, " ARTICLE III. ELBCTIOR ARD 0i'IIJ5k PROCESSES
. A. ELBCTIOR CW PRESIDEII'l' AEID VlCE-PRESIDIm'r
SEC. 24. Regul.ar glection fm Presid .... t .ud~,.Presid .... t.
9 - [(1),] (A) The President and Vice-President shall be elected
10 by direct vote of the people for a term of six (6) years ~hich
11 shall begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following
12 . the day of the election and end at noon of . the same date six' (6)
13 ye~rs thereafter. The President shall not be eligible for any
14 re-election. No person who has succeeded as President and has
15
16
serve~ as such for more than four (4) years shall be qualified, '. ,
for election to the same office at any, time; . "
17 [(2)] '(B) No·Vice-President shall serve for more than two
18 (2.) successive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office' for
19 any length of time shall not be considered as,
20 interruption in the continuity of ,the service for the, full term
21 for which he was ,elected;
22 [(3)] (e) Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular,
23 election for President and Vice-President shall be held on the
24 second Monday of ~!". (sec. 4, ·Art. VII, Const.')
25 SEC. 25. Special. elections fm: President AmI ~President.
26 - Special elections for the offices of President and Vice-
27 President shall be called in accordance with Sec. 10,. Art •. VII,'
28 of the Constitution. (Hew)
29 SEC. 7.6 • .tamme@! m! votes ~ President Md Urul-Pre!lJident
30 ~ ~~A ~~, city ~ district bgards gfcanyapsers. ~
31 [(1)] The provincial, city, or metropolitan Manila district board
•
•
-
•
•
Page 17
1 of cimvassers~" a.s· the case may be, shall meet not later than six
2 ' ... o'clock in'the' 'evening of 'election day to canvass the election
3 returns it has already received. It sh;"ll meet continuously from
4 ,'" day to 'day. 'until the canvass is compieted but may' adjourn only
5·,· for C' the . purpose of awaiting the' other election returns. The I ....
6 ,boardshall~ each tiBie it adjourns, make a total of all the votes
8 '.
9' "
10
7 cast for eaCh candidate for presidentlmd Vic'~-president and for
other,.posiUonsincluded in the election, duly authenticflted by
the·signature and thnmbmark of each meomer of the board; furnish
a' copy thereof. to the CoJIimission in Manila bY the fastest means 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
".
of communication; and make available the data contained therein
to massinediaandother interested p~rties' re~Jsting 'the sam,e. ~ . .' II .
UJ?on the completion of the canvass, the board shall pr~pare. a '" ..
c~rtificate of canvass showing the votes received qy each
cipldidate:,for' President and Vice:':"President duly' a~thenticated by . . • .i ~
·,thesignature and tJiumbmark of each member of the board. The ".. + -. .,. ,
board shall certify and transmit said certificate of canvass with
supporting statement of votes by precinct to the President of the
senate. : (Sec. 15, 'BP 881)
SEC. '27. Canvas A gf yQteR gpZ president ~ ~preBideAt
~ Congress. - [(1)] (A) The President of the Senate shall, in
the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in
joint public ~ession, and not later than thirty (30) days afte:':'
the day of e~ection, open all the certificates of canvass
received and canva~s···the votes.
[(2)']' (B) .:' The"[person] CANDIDATE having the highest
number of votes sh.:iil be proclaimed elected. In case .two (2) or.
more shall ·equally have" the highest number of votes', one of them
shall forthwith be chosen by majority vote of all the members of
both h6uses of Congress voting separately. '.
[(3)]. (e) .·Congress shall promulgate its rules for the
'·1
-
page 18
1 canvassing of the certificates[.] WHICH RULES SHALL BE PUBLISHED
2 IN TWO (2) NEWSPAPERS OF GENERAL CIRCULATION NOT LATER THAN
3 T~IRTY (30) DAYS BEFORE ELECTION DAY. , 4 [(4)] (D) The Supreme COurt, sitting en banc, shall be the
5 sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns and
6 qualifications of the President and Vice-president, and
7 promulgate its rules for the purpose. (sec. 4, Art. VII, COnst.) ,
8 SEC. 28. Cgrrection Qf errors after transmission ~ Senate
9 President. - No correction of errors ~n the certificate of
10 cp.nvas.s and supporting statement of votes by precinct alr~ady
11 transmitted to the President of the Senate, shall be made or
12,
13
allowed, except upon authority of 'COngress acting as the I!"ational
Board of canvassers for President andVice'president. (Sec. 17,
14i Bf 881)
15' SEC. 29. DeteminAtion gf Iluthenticity AD!I !IDA execution Qf . , 16 certificate Qf cagyass. - Congress shall, in determin~ng the
17, authenticity and due execution of the certificate of canvass for
18 p~esident and Vice-President as accomplished and'transmitted to
19 it by the local boards of canvassers, satisfy itself that:
20 [(1)] (A) Each certificate of canvass was executed, signed
21: and thumbmarked by the chairman and members of the board ,'of
22 canvassers, and transmitted by the board to COngress;
23 [(2)] (8) Each certificate of canvass contains the names of
24 all the candidates for President and Vice~President and their
25 corresponding votes in words and figures; and
26 [(3)] (C) There exists no discrepancy in the votes of any
27 candidate in words and figures in the same certificate. (New)
28 SEC. 30. Inc0J(91Mft D.I:, altered certiflc;ate gf .r.aDVASS. -
29 When any certificate of canvass or statement of votes by precinct
30 appears to be incomplete or bears erasures or alterations which
31 may cast doubt as to the veracity of the number of votes stated
•
•
-
•
'.
1
2
3
4
5 ,
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29, : .. '.1
Page 19
theFein a~d may affect the result of the election, Congress
shall" for the sole purpose of verifying the actual" number of . ->'". : ;. ,:'" '. .
votes, cast for President and Vice-President, count the~'votes as . , .; ~
,they appear in the copies of the election returns sulxilitted to ,
it '" ,~n th~" absence thereof, the, President of the Senate shall"
requ'ire,t~e Commission to deliver its copy illlDediately to his "":
office. If the copy of the commission is not available, the
board of canvassers concerned shall be required to transmit by : j ') ,.,; , -;''': •
personal delivery within three (3) days from receipt of notice
tb,e election returns of the precincts affected. (Sec. 19, BP
, 881)
, B. m:.BC'!'IOII OJ' Dm!oJBRRS mr CORGUSS II,
_.'.'.
Wi SEC. ,:;31 .!tegulu fltlecUQIl ~ l'evabern gf ,C!?Qgress. - ~he
r~gular ele~tion for Senators and.for Members of the House of ) .. :;'" ri, ! :
Representatives shall be held on th~ second Monday of May and
every, 1;hree( 3 ) years thereafter. ~ ',' ''- ',- ,; ,;." "
(Sec. 8, Art."VI, Const.) _ _,c ~
o Ho ~enator shall serve for more ilian two (2) . " ~.
consecutive
terms',o,nor sJul}~ ~y m~r of the House o'f Representatives serve Ii .....
for more than three (3) consecutive terms. . ~--- .,-,'. Voluntary,
renunciation of the office for any length of time'shall not be
considered as an interruption in the continuity of service for
the full term for uhich he ,WClfl elected. (Secs . .(\ and 7, Art, VI,
Const. )
Be,. ' 32. JlI!ru;ial ' ~lQcUcm. - In case a permanent vacanCy , . . .. shall ocpur" in the senate' or House of Representatives at least
orie, (1), year",before th~ expiration of~ the 'term '~f; office, the • a '. ~. .".. ..,
Comm1ss~on shall secure a certificate of vacancy frOm the Senate
!
..' . \ .' ~.'. 30 ,,;," or; 'H.ouse of Repr,esentatives, as the case may: be, and 'thereafter
;:'. '
31 call a special election to fill the vacancy 'noteariler 'th~
•
-
P~ge 20
1 sixty (60) days nor later than ninety (90) days after the finctl
2 det~rmination 'by the-Fommission of such vacancy. However, in
3 case of such vacancy in the Senate, the special election shall be
4 held simultaneously with the next succeeding regular election.
5 (Sec. 4, RA 7166, Amended)
6 SEC. 33. ~ gf office. - The term of office of Senators
7 shall be six (6) years while the term of office of the Members of
8 the House of Representatives sh~ll be three (3) years, bqth.of
9 whi~ shall begin at noon of the thirtieth day of June following
_ 10 their election. (Secs. 4 and 7, Art. VI, COn~t.)
11
12
SBC. 34. CDnposition. - The Senate shall be composed of
twe~ty-four (24) Senators who shall be elected at-large by the
13 qualified voters of the Philippines. (Sec. 2, Art. VI, COnst.)
14 The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more
15 than two hundred fifty (250) members, who shall be elected by
16 qualified voters of the legislative districts apportioned among
17 the provinces, cities and the metropolitan Manila area. (Sec. 5
18 (1), Art. VI, Const.)
19 SBC. 35. Party-list representatives. - The party-list
20
21
representatives shall constitute twenty per cent '(20%) of the
total number of the Members of the House of Representatives, one-
22 half (1/2) of which shall, for three (3) consecutive terms after
23 the ratification of the Constitution, be filled by election.
24 (Sec. 5 (2), Art. VI, COnst.).
25 SEC. 36. CAfNABS mt ymES ROB ~ - THIRTY (30) nAYS
26 APTER THE ELECTIONS, THE COKMISSION SITTING EN BANC AND ACTING AS
27· THE' RATIONAL BOARD OF CANVASSERS FOR SENATORS SHALL COIIVBtIE AND
28 PUBLICLY COUNT THE VOTES cAsT FOR SENATORS OSING THE CERTIFICATES . .
29 OF. CANVASS SUBMITTED BY THE PROVINCIAL AND DISTRICT BOARDS OF
30 CANVASSERS. THE CANDIDATES IN THE "'UMBER OF SENATORS TO BE
31 ELECTED WHO OBTAINED THE HIGHEST HUMBER OF VOTES SHALL BE
•
•
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
• 12 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
• 20 21 22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Page 21
DECLARim ELECTED. (Sec. 215, 1971 EC, Amended) •
C. BLBC'!'IOB 01' LOCAL OI'I'ICIALS
SEC. 37. RegDlar electiou gf 100.1 of:ficialB. - ne regular elections for provincial, city and municipal officials sball ,be
b~id every three (3) years on tbe second Monday of May. (Sec.
42'~RA 7160)
Tbe governor, vice-governor, city mayor and vice-mayor, aDd ,
municipal mayor and vice-mayor sball be elected at-large by , '
qualified voters in their respective units. (Sec. 41, RA 7160)
SBC. 38. Blectiop ~ Heabers ~ ~ !!Iang~gniapg
HDialavigM, sAIlggplllinpg panlungsod JIIIId BanggpniNlg "nAQ
district. -' Tbe elective members of the sangguniang panlalavigan, !
sangiJuniang panlungsod andsangguniang bayan sball be elected by , , ,
district as follows:
[(1)] (A) The members of the sangguniang panlalauigan,
sangguniang panlungsod of the cities of Manila, Quezon, Kalookan,
cabu, Davao, and any other city with two (2) or' more legislative
'districts, and sangguniang bayan of tbe' municipalities in tbe
met'ropolitan Manila area shall be elected by sangguniang
districts as established by the COmmission pursuant to Republic
Act Ro. 7166; (SEC. 3, RA 7166,'~ED)
,[(2)] (B)' All other cities and municipa