ii. - global trade...chart ii.4 (percentage change, year-on-year) value of world exports of primary...

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II.

Up until the third quarter of 2008, exports of all product categories con-tinued to experience the high growth that started back in 2003. In the fourth quarter of 2008, however, practically all product categories registered abrupt declines, which worsened in the early months of 2009. World exports of non-ferrous metals, automotive products and integrated circuits were hard-est hit. However, initial data indicate a bottoming-out of the crisis in the second quarter of 2009.

Despite the sudden and sharp downturn in the fourth quarter of 2008, the year still ended with an annual average growth of 33 per cent for exports of fuels and mining products (compared with 15.1 per cent in 2007), growth of 18.9 per cent for agriculture (19.8 per cent in 2007), and a relatively low growth rate (9.9 per cent) for manufactures (15.3 per cent in 2007).

Severe price adjustments have taken place during the recession

Primary commodities

Overall, exports of primary commodities went up by 28.8 per cent in value terms in 2008, far exceeding the 2007 increase (16.5 per cent). This gain came as a result of record increases in the prices of fuels and food in the fi rst three quarters of 2008 – products which jointly accounted for 82 per cent of world trade in primary commodities.

During the fourth quarter of 2008, the economic slowdown led to a decline in the export value of primary commodities. This decline increased in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

A devastating fourth quarter in 2008 but signs of improvement

Summary of developments

IN THIS CHAPTER :

Summary of developments Primary commodities Fuel Food Manufactures Chemicals Iron and steel Automotive products Offi ce and telecom equipment

Clothing

The Highlights

II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40

08Q4 09Q12008

Chart II.1

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Quarterly developments by product category

Non-ferrous metalsAutomotive products

Ores and other mineralsFuels

Iron and steelIntegrated circuits

Raw materialsOther chemicals

EDP and office equip.Telecom equip.

FoodClothing

Pharmaceuticals

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Chart II.2

(Annual percentage change)

World merchandise exports by product group, 2008

Fuels ($2862 bn)Iron and steel ($587 bn)

Food ($1114 bn)Ores and other minerals ($308 bn)

Other chemicals ($1279 bn)Pharmaceuticals ($427 bn)

Personal and household goods ($254 bn)Raw materials ($228 bn)

Clothing ($362 bn)Office and telecom equip. ($1561 bn)

Automotive products ($1234 bn)Integrated circuits ($417 bn)

Non-ferrous metals ($360 bn)

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Growing demand in both industri-alized and emerging economies trig-gered an unprecedented growth in petroleum prices in the fi rst three quarters of 2008. The price of crude petroleum attained a record high in July 2008 and despite a 36 per cent year-on-year decline in the fourth quar-ter, prices increased by 36.4 per cent for the year. As a result, world exports of fuels expanded by 41 per cent in value (Chart II.4) and lifted the share of fuel in total merchandise exports to 18.2 per cent – the highest level since 1984. Towards the end of the year, however, in response to the global fall in demand, prices of all primary com-modities, including food, plunged. On a year-on-year basis,1 petroleum prices dropped 53.7 per cent in the fi rst quar-ter of 2009. Prices of minerals and non-ferrous metals plunged by 49.6 per cent.

The corresponding decline in price of food was 23 per cent. As a result, in the fi rst quarter of 2009, world exports of fuels and non-ferrous metals con-tracted, in value terms, by an estimated 46 per cent and 50 per cent respec-tively. The decline in the exports of food was 16 per cent, as demand for food is less responsive to price changes.

Many least-developed countries have suffered from high fuel prices

Fuel

Strong fl uctuations in fuel prices, including price surges, created an addi-tional strain on the foreign exchange positions of those least-developed countries (LDCs) which rely on non-oil merchandise exports. In 2008, for example, Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings from its merchandise exports covered only 80 per cent of its fuel imports. Whereas in 2002 48 per cent of its merchandise exports earn-ings covered all its imports of fuels. Senegal’s imports of fuels were the equivalent of 83 per cent of its total merchandise export earnings in 2008.

1 Unless otherwise indicated, quarterly growth rates are on a year-on-year basis.

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Chart II.4


Value of world exports of primary products

Food

Raw materials

Ores and other minerals

Non-ferrous metals

Fuels

08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

UgandaEthiopia

SenegalNiger

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Chart II.5

(Percentage)

Fuel imports of selected African countries as a percentage of their total merchandise exports, 2000-08

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Chart II.3


Prices of primary products

Food

Minerals and non-ferrousmetals*

Crude petroleum

Primary commodities

08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics*Excluding petroleum

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Price of rice more than doubled in 2008

Food

In 2008, prices of food increased by 23.3 per cent, comparable only to 1974 when both demand and supply factors pushed prices up drastically.

World exports of food grew by 21.8 per cent in 2008. While food exporters benefi ted – Thailand’s rice exports, for example, increased 65 per cent and EU exports of wheat outside the European Union expanded by 180 per cent – the burden became heavier on net-food importers.

In recent years, for example, Africa’s imports of food grew at a higher pace than its exports. In addition to surging prices, supply and demand factors were among the reasons for the increasing gap. A number of African countries are net-food importers because of limited arable land in relation to their populations. Others struggle to improve farm practices and lack the capacity to purchase intermediate and capital goods to increase productivity and meet the needs of their growing populations. Some countries are also confronted with adverse climatic conditions (e.g. recurrent drought) and institutional diffi culties. Few of them are capable of importing more food thanks to increased earnings from oil or mineral sales.

China is the leading exporter

Manufactures

In 2008, China surpassed Germany to become the world’s largest exporter of manufactured goods, although not so far of total merchandise exports. Between 2000 and 2008, China’s exports of manufactured goods grew at an annual average rate of 25.2 per cent, twice that of Germany. While EU exports outside the European Union still remain at the top of the list, the gap with China has been constantly narrowing (from 67 per cent in 2000 to 15 per cent in 2008). On the import side, the hierarchy of the three major importers of manufactures – the United States, Germany and China – has not changed.

Exports of food Exports of fuelsImports of food

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200800

50100150200250300350400450

Chart II.6

(Indices, 2000=100)

Africa's trade in food and fuels, 2000-08

2000 2005 2006 2007 20080

200400600800

1000120014001600

Chart II.7

(Billion dollars)

Major exporters of manufactures, 2000-08

China

Japan

United States

Germany

Extra-EU(27)

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World exports of manufactures declined by 11 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 29 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Of the ten major exporters, only China regis-tered a positive growth rate of 4.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008. During the fi rst quarter of 2009, however, China recorded a 19.1 per cent decline. Exports of the United States shrank by 4 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 20 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009 while exports of the European Union fell by 16.1 per cent and 31.4 per cent respec-tively. In the fi rst quarter of 2009, Japan and Chinese Taipei were the hardest hit. They saw their exports contract by 41.3 per cent and 38.4 per cent respectively.

Pharmaceuticals are the least affected

Chemicals

World exports of chemicals shrank by 10 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 23 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. The downturn for pharmaceutical products was less abrupt than for other chemicals. In the last quarter of 2008, pharma-ceuticals were one of the rare prod-ucts with a positive, though marginal, growth rate (1 per cent). Among all chemical products, they experienced the lowest decline in the fi rst quar-ter of 2009. In contrast, due to the fall in demand in construction, auto-motive and other industries, world exports of other chemical products contracted by 14 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and by a fur-ther 31 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20

MexicoCanada

Taipei, ChineseSingapore*

Hong Kong, China*Korea, Republic of

JapanUnited States

ChinaEuropean Union (27)

World

Chart II.8


Exports of manufactures

* Includes significant re-exports

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Chart II.9


Leading exporters of chemicals

RussiaTaipei, Chinese

SingaporeCanada

Korea, Republic ofSwitzerland

JapanChina

United StatesEuropean Union (27)

World

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

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China surpasses EU exports outside the European Union

Iron and steel

China exports of iron and steel products grew by an annual average of 41.6 per cent between 2000 and 2008, surpassing EU exports outside the European Union.

As global demand in the con-struction, automotive and other sec-tors declined, iron and steel did not escape the impact of the global eco-nomic downturn. In the last quarter of 2008, the decline was relatively modest (-5 per cent) as Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and the United States still registered substantial increases in their exports. Exports of the European Union, however, con-tracted by 17.3 per cent. During the fi rst quarter of 2009, world exports of iron and steel shrank by 40 per cent. Exports of the European Union, China and Ukraine dropped by 45.9 per cent, 44.6 per cent and 49.7 per cent respectively.

Automotive products have suffered most

Automotive products

Automotive products were the hardest hit of all industries by the credit crunch and the recession. World exports in value terms tumbled 24 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 49 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

Of the top ten major exporters of automotive products, fi ve recorded more than 30 per cent declines in their exports in the last quarter of 2008 and all but Mexico witnessed a decline of over 40 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Canada’s exports were the most affected, declining by more than 20 per cent in 2008 and falling by a further 54 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Japan fared better throughout 2008, post-ing an 8 per cent growth rate, but subsequently recorded the sharpest decline in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Chart II.10


Exports of iron and steel

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Taipei, ChineseBrazil

TurkeyUnited States

Korea, Republic ofUkraineRussiaJapanChina

European Union (27)World

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Chart II.11


Leading exporters of automotive products

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

WorldGermany

JapanUnited States

FranceSpain

CanadaKorea, Republic of

BelgiumMexico

United Kingdom

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Offi ce and telecom equipment are also on decline

Office and telecom equipment

World exports of offi ce and telecom equipment declined by 16 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and slid by 29 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Within this category, telecommunication equipment was the least affected, regis-tering the highest year-on-year growth in the fi rst three quarters of 2008 and the lowest year-on-year declines in the last quarter of 2008 and fi rst quar-ter of 2009. As fi rms tend to reduce their inventories during the onset of crises, trade in integrated circuits and electronic components fell much more sharply than trade in end-use products at the end of 2008 and in early 2009.

In 2008, world exports of integrated circuits increased by only 1 per cent, one of the lowest levels of performance after automotive products. Trade within the EU, which accounts for nearly 60 per cent of EU exports, increased by 3 per cent. Exports of the United States and Japan stagnated. China, the major importer, recorded only a 2 per cent growth rate in 2008, in marked contrast to the 12 per cent rise in 2001 (the year of the dot-com bubble burst).

China posted the strongest annual performance in offi ce and telecom equipment in 2008. During the last quarter of 2008 and the fi rst quarter of 2009, China’s exports fell by 7 per cent and 24 per cent respectively. Japan and other Asian IT traders were on aver-age more seriously affected by the cri-sis than European and North American economies. Mexico’s exports, which comprise mainly telecom equipment, declined by 11 per cent in early 2009.

China’s exports performed above-average in all three components of the offi ce and telecom equipment category. Other developing economy exporters experienced further weakening of their exports for products in which they did not have a clear export specialization. They showed more resilience in sectors in which they are relatively specialized.

Q1 2007 Q2 2007 Q3 2007 Q4 2007 Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 200960

80

100

120

140

Chart II.12

(Indices, 2007 Y1=100)

World exports of office and telecom equipment, 2007-09

EDP and office equipment Telecom equipment Integrated circuits

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Chart II.13


Exports of office and telecom equipment by selected economies

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

United States

Canada

Mexico

European Union (27)

Japan

China

Asian IT traders*

World

World excludes Hong Kong, China re-exports*Asian IT traders include Singapore, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and Philippines

61%

66%

58%

10%

74%

51%

43%

42%

52%

48%

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Chart II.14


Performance of main developing economy exporters of office and telecom equipment

Others

China

Thailand

Others

China

South Korea

Indonesia

Mexico

Others

China

Singapore

Taipei, Chinese

Philippines

Integrated circuitsand electronic

components

Telecomequipment

EDP and officeequipment

Product's sharein economy's totalexports of OT equipment, 2007

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Clothing is showing resistance to downward trends

Clothing

Among all exports, clothing is one of the least-affected so far, showing a mere 2.1 per cent decline in the fourth quarter of 2008. Growth during January-September 2008 was modest, resulting in exports expanding by 4.6 per cent in 2008. China, which accounted for 33 per cent of world exports, saw its exports expand by only 4 per cent in 2008, far below the 20.8 per cent growth registered in 2007. With the expiry of the European Union’s growth caps on ten categories of textiles and clothing imports from China, exports to the European Union surged by 37 per cent.

Between 2000 and 2008, the least-developed countries (LDCs) benefi ting from preferential market access increased their share in the EU clothing market from 8.3 per cent to 9.1 per cent. Ninety-nine per cent of EU imports from the LDCs orig-inated from fi ve countries – Bangladesh (81.5 per cent), Cambodia (9.5 per cent), Madagascar (3.7 per cent), Myanmar (2.5 per cent) and Laos (1.9 per cent).

For the United States, the second major clothing market after the Euro-pean Union, imports shrank by 2.8 per cent. Imports from China, its major sup-plier, nearly stagnated at previous year levels. Imports from Viet Nam and Bang-

ladesh increased by 19.8 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. Imports from LDCs increased by 3 per cent, with LDCs increasing their share in the clothing market of the United States from 6.4 per cent in 2000 to 8.8 per cent in 2008. Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, Lesotho and Madagascar dominated, accounting for 98.9 per cent of this market share.

In the last quarter of 2008, exports from China increased by 10.9 per cent and started to decline only during the fi rst quarter of 2009, by a modest 5 per cent. This contributed to the relatively better performance of world trade in clothing compared with other sectors. In contrast, the European Union saw its exports drop by 10.3 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and further contracted by another 18.1 per cent during the fi rst quarter of 2009. Turkey was particularly hard hit as its exports shrank by 23.7 per cent and 27.2 per cent consecutively over the same period.

EU imports from outside the European Union declined moderately by 2.7 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and by 9.4 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. The corresponding declines in the imports of the United States were practically of the same magnitude: down by 2.2 per cent during the last quarter of 2008 and down by 10 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. US imports from its major suppliers (China, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Bangladesh) increased in both quarters. Imports from Bangladesh in particular expanded substantially, by 18.4 per cent and 12.9 per cent respectively during the last quarter of 2008 and the fi rst quarter of 2009. Imports of the European Union from China and Bangladesh increased respectively by 19.7 per cent and 13 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and by a further 3 per cent and 6.9 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Imports from other countries, especially Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco, shrank considerably in both quarters.

2000 2008

Chart II.15 Clothing exports of China by destination, 2000 and 2008(Percentage)

CIS 3%

EU(27)12%

EU(27)25%

Others 40% Others 32%

United States13%

United States15%

Japan 32%Japan 15%

CIS 13%

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Chart II.16


Leading exporters of clothing

* Includes significant re-exports

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

United StatesMexico

IndonesiaViet Nam

IndiaBangladesh

TurkeyHong Kong, China*

European Union (27)ChinaWorld

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1. Overview

Table II. 1

World merchandise exports by major product group, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Agricultural products

Total Fuels TotalIron and

steel Chemicals

Office and telecom

equipmentAutomotive

products Textiles Clothing

Value 1342 3530 2862 10458 587 1705 1561 1234 250 362Share in world merchandise trade 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3Annual percentage change

1980-85 -2 -5 -5 2 -2 1 9 5 -1 41985-90 9 3 0 15 9 14 18 14 15 181990-95 7 2 1 9 8 10 15 8 8 81995-00 -1 10 12 5 -2 4 10 5 0 52000-08 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 8

2006 11 28 23 13 18 13 14 11 8 122007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 122008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5

ManufacturesFuels and mining

products

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Table II.2

World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2008


Agricultural products

Total Fuels Total

Iron and steel Chemicals

Office and telecom

equipment Automotive

products Textiles Clothing

World 1341.6 3530.2 2861.9 10458.1 587.2 1705.4 1561.4 1233.5 250.2 361.9Share in total exports 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 82007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 122008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5North America 212.1 345.9 253.4 1389.2 35.5 228.9 208.1 209.4 16.5 10.7Share in total exports 10.4 17.0 12.4 68.2 1.7 11.2 10.2 10.3 0.8 0.5Annual percentage change2000-2008 8 18 18 5 15 11 0 4 1 -72007 18 17 14 8 16 15 3 8 -2 -152008 19 34 47 5 32 15 2 -5 -3 -3South and Central America 156.9 255.8 163.3 172.6 21.8 36.9 6.0 23.1 3.8 12.4Share in total exports 26.2 42.7 27.2 28.8 3.6 6.2 1.0 3.9 0.6 2.1Annual percentage change2000-2008 15 18 17 11 16 16 4 15 8 12007 23 12 6 14 18 16 -14 10 22 12008 25 25 39 12 13 22 1 11 13 -2Europe 602.6 767.9 552.0 4953.6 263.8 992.7 414.6 676.9 92.1 130.5Share in total exports 9.3 11.9 8.6 76.8 4.1 15.4 6.4 10.5 1.4 2.0Annual percentage change2000-2008 12 18 19 11 18 14 5 11 5 92007 19 13 9 17 28 19 -6 20 11 152008 16 26 40 9 15 13 1 2 -1 6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 47.7 470.0 416.9 174.8 66.8 41.3 1.9 8.1 2.4 2.0Share in total exports 6.8 66.9 59.3 24.9 9.5 5.9 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 17 24 27 19 22 20 17 19 8 62007 34 18 18 25 25 25 34 36 12 82008 20 39 44 32 40 46 27 9 11 9Africa 37.9 393.9 349.7 99.9 12.1 20.8 2.6 7.6 2.3 12.0Share in total exports 6.8 70.6 62.7 17.9 2.2 3.7 0.5 1.4 0.4 2.2Annual percentage change2000-2008 10 21 21 13 18 19 12 21 6 72007 13 18 17 17 23 24 2 6 9 202008 17 31 33 23 19 55 6 42 0 4Middle East 24.2 756.5 740.6 220.3 6.3 59.3 18.5 18.4 9.3 6.0Share in total exports 2.4 74.1 72.5 21.6 0.6 5.8 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.6Annual percentage change2000-2008 16 18 18 17 27 22 9 27 7 112007 18 13 13 24 7 19 6 69 17 52008 35 38 38 24 28 51 30 -8 10 3Asia 260.0 540.2 386.1 3447.8 180.9 325.5 909.8 289.9 123.9 188.3Share in total exports 6.0 12.4 8.9 79.2 4.2 7.5 20.9 6.7 2.8 4.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 13 21 21 12 22 16 9 12 8 102007 20 18 16 16 32 21 10 18 8 132008 22 36 51 11 29 13 3 9 9 5

Fuels and mining products Manufactures

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Table II.3

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 8.5 8.5North America 10.4 6.1South and Central America 26.2 9.3Europe 9.3 9.4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.8 10.7Africa 6.8 14.2Middle East 2.4 11.2Asia 6.0 7.6

Share in primary productsWorld 27.5 27.5North America 38.0 20.9South and Central America 38.0 30.5Europe 44.0 32.6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9.2 45.8Africa 8.8 46.2Middle East 3.1 53.9Asia 32.5 19.7

Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.4

Exports Imports



Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)


Table II.5

Exports Imports



Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)


Table II.6

Exports Imports


Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2008

(Percentage)


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Table II.7

Exports Imports


Share in manufacturesWorld 5.6 5.6North America 2.6 3.8South and Central America 12.6 5.2Europe 5.3 5.7Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 38.2 5.8Africa 12.1 7.5Middle East 2.9 10.2Asia 5.2 5.8

Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

(Percentage)


Table II.8

Exports Imports


Share in manufacturesWorld 16.3 16.3North America 16.5 13.0South and Central America 21.4 20.6Europe 20.0 18.6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 23.6 12.5Africa 20.9 14.5Middle East 26.9 9.5Asia 9.4 15.7

Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

(Percentage)


Table II.9

(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise

World 9.9 9.9North America 10.2 11.8South and Central America 1.0 7.0Europe 6.4 8.1Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 5.2Africa 0.5 5.0Middle East 1.8 6.1Asia 20.9 14.4

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 10.7 9.3Other Asia 23.9 16.0

Share in manufactures



Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008


Table II.10

(Percentage)

Exports Imports







Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008


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Table II.11

(Percentage)

Exports Imports







Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008


Table II.12

(Percentage)

Exports Imports







Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008


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2. Agricultural products

Table II.13

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1341.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12 20 19Europe

World 602.6 100.0 100.0 44.3 44.9 12 19 16Europe 485.0 79.0 80.5 35.0 36.2 12 20 15Asia 31.2 6.1 5.2 2.7 2.3 10 14 16North America 23.7 5.4 3.9 2.4 1.8 8 7 -1Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21.0 2.0 3.5 0.9 1.6 20 26 27Africa 20.6 3.3 3.4 1.4 1.5 13 24 35Middle East 14.2 2.5 2.3 1.1 1.1 11 15 29South and Central America 5.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 8 17 22

AsiaWorld 260.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 19.4 13 20 22Asia 142.5 60.8 54.8 11.2 10.6 11 18 19Europe 40.6 15.2 15.6 2.8 3.0 13 20 19North America 32.7 13.8 12.6 2.5 2.4 11 12 15Middle East 18.4 4.5 7.1 0.8 1.4 19 30 54Africa 13.6 2.7 5.2 0.5 1.0 22 38 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.5 1.1 2.5 0.2 0.5 25 33 33South and Central America 4.3 1.0 1.7 0.2 0.3 20 35 38

North AmericaWorld 212.1 100.0 100.0 20.9 15.8 8 18 19North America 83.9 42.6 39.6 8.9 6.3 7 9 12Asia 70.0 31.6 33.0 6.6 5.2 9 21 26Europe 22.8 13.7 10.7 2.9 1.7 5 17 10South and Central America 16.4 5.4 7.7 1.1 1.2 13 32 37Africa 8.8 2.8 4.1 0.6 0.7 13 61 24Middle East 7.0 2.7 3.3 0.6 0.5 11 46 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.1 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 14 50 43

South and Central AmericaWorld 156.9 100.0 100.0 9.6 11.7 15 23 25Europe 49.2 33.9 31.4 3.2 3.7 13 27 21Asia 33.0 15.8 21.0 1.5 2.5 19 31 31South and Central America 27.2 18.6 17.3 1.8 2.0 14 34 38North America 21.5 22.0 13.7 2.1 1.6 8 8 6Africa 9.5 3.0 6.0 0.3 0.7 25 23 31Middle East 8.1 3.9 5.2 0.4 0.6 19 23 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.6 2.2 4.9 0.2 0.6 26 4 33

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 47.7 100.0 100.0 2.4 3.6 17 34 20Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 15.3 27.9 32.0 0.7 1.1 20 33 25Europe 13.9 32.1 29.0 0.8 1.0 16 31 29Asia 10.7 29.2 22.4 0.7 0.8 14 21 7Middle East 3.7 2.2 7.7 0.1 0.3 37 49 47Africa 2.7 1.7 5.7 0.0 0.2 37 135 -6North America 0.7 3.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 6 7 -14South and Central America 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 14 -33 269

AfricaWorld 37.9 100.0 100.0 3.2 2.8 10 13 17Europe 18.1 50.1 47.7 1.6 1.3 9 11 14Africa 7.9 18.5 20.7 0.6 0.6 12 17 24Asia 6.1 17.9 16.1 0.6 0.5 9 5 15Middle East 2.1 5.3 5.5 0.2 0.2 11 9 36North America 2.0 5.3 5.4 0.2 0.2 10 -2 24Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.8 1.0 2.1 0.0 0.1 21 28 39South and Central America 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 6 73 9

Middle EastWorld 24.2 100.0 100.0 1.3 1.8 16 18 35Middle East 15.6 57.1 64.3 0.7 1.2 18 20 43Europe 2.6 21.3 10.7 0.3 0.2 7 22 0Africa 1.8 3.5 7.6 0.0 0.1 28 29 28Asia 1.8 8.4 7.3 0.1 0.1 14 -12 17Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.0 4.1 4.0 0.1 0.1 16 35 20North America 0.5 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 13 28 17South and Central America 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 18 53 47

Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2008

Annual percentage change


Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

47

Table II.14

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 31243 100.0 9 14 11 World 115908 100.0 7 6 6North America 19818 63.4 8 16 13 North America 41089 35.5 5 5 4Asia 3904 12.5 12 13 10 Asia 29656 25.6 10 8 15Europe 3858 12.3 9 14 8 Europe 21317 18.4 7 7 -1South and Central America 2918 9.3 11 11 9 South and Central America 20726 17.9 7 5 5Africa 556 1.8 12 6 21 Africa 2155 1.9 8 -5 22CIS 116 0.4 10 -7 -3 CIS 607 0.5 5 7 -15Middle East 73 0.2 7 18 -5 Middle East 358 0.3 6 18 -10

Economy Economy United States 18562 59.4 8 14 13 Canada 28254 24.4 3 3 3European Union (27) 3546 11.4 10 13 7 European Union (27) 19529 16.8 7 6 -2Mexico 1169 3.7 19 43 2 Mexico 12833 11.1 9 8 6China 1069 3.4 21 16 5 China 6531 5.6 19 13 11Brazil 741 2.4 11 8 2 Brazil 4364 3.8 8 6 3

Above 5 25087 80.3 - - - Above 5 71511 61.7 - - -Thailand 618 2.0 9 19 18 Thailand 4224 3.6 5 4 17Chile 588 1.9 15 14 13 Indonesia 4155 3.6 13 6 29Australia 413 1.3 5 2 -2 Chile 3991 3.4 8 -1 1New Zealand 322 1.0 8 18 -3 Australia 2467 2.1 4 5 -11Indonesia 304 1.0 13 -3 29 Malaysia 2204 1.9 21 27 53Colombia 280 0.9 7 -8 8 Colombia 2044 1.8 6 4 13India 227 0.7 11 1 21 New Zealand 1914 1.7 4 -2 1Guatemala 225 0.7 10 6 17 India 1728 1.5 5 1 24Costa Rica 213 0.7 11 12 10 Viet Nam 1633 1.4 15 18 11Argentina 195 0.6 7 27 6 Ecuador 1566 1.4 6 2 6Peru 184 0.6 16 8 30 Guatemala 1551 1.3 8 16 22Malaysia 173 0.6 14 56 1 Costa Rica 1478 1.3 4 7 -2Viet Nam 171 0.5 15 12 12 Argentina 1367 1.2 6 4 10Ecuador 159 0.5 9 21 24 Philippines 1342 1.2 8 8 23South Africa 155 0.5 7 1 13 Peru 1091 0.9 17 11 13Côte d'Ivoire 124 0.4 17 -15 38 Japan 1054 0.9 5 9 12Switzerland 114 0.4 15 8 24 Korea, Republic of 793 0.7 8 3 19Korea, Republic of 114 0.4 11 7 35 Honduras 793 0.7 6 16 10Turkey 111 0.4 21 49 3 Switzerland 754 0.7 16 53 78Russian Federation 109 0.3 9 -8 0 Côte d'Ivoire 733 0.6 12 -6 45Philippines 105 0.3 11 6 19 Dominican Republic 623 0.5 4 0 -1Taipei, Chinese 97 0.3 10 16 26 Taipei, Chinese 620 0.5 2 10 15Morocco 95 0.3 11 39 -1 Russian Federation 547 0.5 5 6 -17Japan 89 0.3 6 12 6 Turkey 535 0.5 9 18 -12Canada b 82 0.3 ... 8 22 Nicaragua 524 0.5 10 15 23Honduras 56 0.2 23 28 36 Norway 282 0.2 3 27 -22Nigeria 50 0.2 33 51 42 South Africa 275 0.2 1 -8 -3Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 El Salvador 273 0.2 4 31 24Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 55 15 Israel 233 0.2 6 8 0Singapore 36 0.1 15 27 84 Singapore 185 0.2 4 25 9El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 392 Fiji 183 0.2 20 13 4Hong Kong, China 32 0.1 -1 -5 12 Panama 172 0.1 1 -4 -3Pakistan 29 0.1 17 5 83 Uruguay 155 0.1 5 8 -61Jamaica 28 0.1 3 13 5 Morocco 153 0.1 11 20 16Uruguay 25 0.1 -8 111 -69 Bangladesh 153 0.1 0 -15 -13

Above 40 30729 98.4 - - - Above 40 113305 97.8 - - -

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008



(Million dollars and percentage)

United States Canada a

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

48

Table II.14 (continued)


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 611746 100.0 12 21 15 World 80627 100.0 3 5 17Europe 458649 75.0 12 20 15 Asia 31561 39.1 3 1 11South and Central America 54995 9.0 13 28 19 North America 28784 35.7 3 8 27Asia 40425 6.6 12 19 20 Europe 10169 12.6 5 11 15Africa 23126 3.8 9 19 10 South and Central America 6372 7.9 6 6 21North America 21305 3.5 4 16 10 CIS 1971 2.4 0 8 -7CIS 9840 1.6 13 25 21 Africa 1582 2.0 2 3 7Middle East 2823 0.5 6 16 -3 Middle East 145 0.2 2 24 -6

Economy Economy European Union (27) 438693 71.7 12 21 15 United States 21697 26.9 2 9 27Brazil 21797 3.6 14 37 12 European Union (27) 8873 11.0 5 11 13United States 15751 2.6 4 16 12 China 7971 9.9 2 -4 -10Argentina 12625 2.1 16 30 38 Canada 6321 7.8 3 4 31China 8040 1.3 16 27 13 Australia 5987 7.4 5 3 12

Above 5 496906 81.2 - - - Above 5 50850 63.1 - - -Indonesia 5914 1.0 14 13 43 Thailand 4616 5.7 6 -2 31Norway 5337 0.9 8 11 5 Brazil 2727 3.4 11 6 47Turkey 5075 0.8 12 9 9 Indonesia 2449 3.0 5 5 24Russian Federation 4750 0.8 8 21 -3 Chile 2086 2.6 5 3 6Switzerland 4622 0.8 14 26 19 Russian Federation 1922 2.4 0 7 -6Thailand 4571 0.7 12 26 25 Korea, Republic of 1653 2.1 -2 0 23Chile 4509 0.7 15 22 13 Malaysia 1585 2.0 6 18 25Canada 4360 0.7 2 15 0 New Zealand 1539 1.9 3 7 10Malaysia 4034 0.7 13 12 20 Philippines 1313 1.6 6 8 30Ukraine 3899 0.6 30 38 91 Viet Nam 1260 1.6 9 -1 16India 3704 0.6 12 23 28 India 1076 1.3 3 8 50South Africa 3502 0.6 10 21 9 Taipei, Chinese 1075 1.3 -2 -5 11Côte d'Ivoire 3320 0.5 9 20 22 Mexico 769 1.0 7 13 21New Zealand 3169 0.5 8 7 6 South Africa 625 0.8 4 -4 -2Viet Nam 3052 0.5 23 37 20 Norway 615 0.8 -1 13 30Ecuador 2978 0.5 16 20 27 Singapore 506 0.6 7 17 34Morocco 2969 0.5 12 26 5 Colombia 369 0.5 6 -4 33Colombia 2772 0.5 11 20 23 Argentina 321 0.4 3 73 -23Australia 2363 0.4 2 4 -3 Peru 231 0.3 9 -1 -5Peru 1931 0.3 15 18 13 Turkey 196 0.2 13 26 13Costa Rica 1923 0.3 11 24 8 Switzerland 192 0.2 22 66 124Ghana 1698 0.3 17 26 24 Morocco 170 0.2 -7 18 16Iceland 1564 0.3 7 11 -6 Ecuador 149 0.2 -5 -13 11Israel 1519 0.2 7 26 -12 Guatemala 148 0.2 7 4 52Kenya 1514 0.2 10 11 15 Iceland 129 0.2 -1 1 8Uruguay 1479 0.2 21 18 76 Mauritania 111 0.1 4 4 9Cameroon 1367 0.2 7 16 8 Hong Kong, China 110 0.1 9 102 117Mexico 1183 0.2 12 26 24 Myanmar 109 0.1 4 5 -13Philippines 985 0.2 11 15 28 Sri Lanka 105 0.1 -2 -4 -2Tunisia 946 0.2 12 -9 11 Paraguay 92 0.1 21 28 179Croatia 923 0.2 15 4 -2 Tanzania 91 0.1 10 -2 68Serbia 842 0.1 ... 19 -2 Greenland 82 0.1 -2 2 28Egypt 825 0.1 16 29 0 Nigeria 77 0.1 22 -28 212Japan 779 0.1 7 21 15 Uruguay 76 0.1 6 -34 65Nigeria 723 0.1 13 24 16 Tunisia 63 0.1 23 32 35

Above 40 592010 96.8 - - - Above 40 79489 98.6 - - -

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008




European Union (27) Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

49

Table II.15

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 566.32 - - 41.8 42.2 12 10 19 15

extra-EU (27) exports 127.63 - - 10.1 9.5 11 13 16 17United States 139.97 17.0 14.3 12.9 10.4 9 12 23 23Brazil 61.40 3.4 2.4 2.8 4.6 19 13 22 27Canada 54.08 5.0 5.4 6.3 4.0 6 7 10 11China 42.29 1.5 2.4 3.0 3.2 13 13 19 9Argentina 37.50 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.8 15 11 35 30Indonesia 32.86 1.6 1.0 1.4 2.4 20 27 33 38Thailand 31.66 1.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 13 21 16 27Malaysia 27.80 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.1 17 16 32 35Australia 26.14 3.3 2.9 3.0 1.9 6 5 1 17Russian Federation 25.02 - - 1.4 1.9 16 19 37 6India 21.37 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 17 22 32 29New Zealand 17.90 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 11 2 21 12Mexico 17.56 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.3 9 15 8 13Chile 15.61 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 12 14 19 14Above 15 1117.47 - - 83.6 83.3 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 611.75 - - 42.4 43.3 12 9 21 15

extra-EU (27) imports 173.05 - - 13.2 12.2 10 9 21 15United States 115.91 8.7 9.0 11.5 8.2 7 8 6 6China 86.83 2.1 1.8 3.3 6.1 20 14 27 33Japan 80.63 9.6 11.5 10.4 5.7 3 -1 5 17Russian Federation a 34.27 - - 1.5 2.4 18 22 15 27Canada b 31.24 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.2 9 13 14 11Korea, Republic of 26.36 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 9 11 18 20Mexico b 25.92 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8 11 12 19 18Hong Kong, China 16.50 - - - - 4 7 13 23

retained imports 10.46 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.7 6 7 10 22Saudi Arabia a 15.86 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 14 8 26 27United Arab Emirates a 14.64 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 18 22 28 30Malaysia 13.36 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 14 17 25 26Indonesia 13.31 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.9 11 2 40 27Turkey 13.04 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 15 12 35 33Taipei, Chinese 12.55 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 6 2 12 16Above 15 1106.12 - - 82.0 78.3 - - - -

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2008

a Includes Secretariat estimates.


Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

50

Table II.16

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 414723 | 551827 942353 1128734 1341564 8.8 8.5Argentina 7482 11954 21351 28806 37502 45.4 53.1Australia 11875 16446 22178 22399 26143 25.7 13.9Belarus - 761 1844 2231 2637 10.4 8.0Brazil 9779 15464 39528 48287 61400 28.1 31.0Cameroon b 695 438 1011 1099 1142 23.9 26.2Canada 22339 34789 44208 48726 54075 12.6 11.8Chile 2779 6399 11490 13632 15605 33.3 23.5China 10060 16384 32542 38858 42291 6.6 3.0Colombia 2514 3106 4922 5858 6693 23.8 17.8Costa Rica 927 1812 2372 2878 3353 30.9 34.7Côte d'Ivoire b 2374 2308 3508 3898 4785 59.4 47.4Croatia ... 595 1520 1732 1848 13.4 13.1Ecuador 1236 1948 3945 4245 5232 39.5 28.3Egypt b 669 613 1105 1528 2929 13.1 11.5Ethiopia 260 406 908 1034 1370 83.5 85.5European Union (27) - 230390 411024 490867 566324 9.4 9.6 intra-EU (27) exports - 174774 316888 381984 438693 10.5 11.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 55616 94136 108883 127631 7.1 6.6Ghana b ... 621 1760 2159 2602 37.2 49.3Guatemala 849 1618 | 2229 2843 3233 60.0 41.8Honduras b 680 782 1133 1300 1607 23.4 26.6Hong Kong, China 4556 5693 4688 5481 6743 2.8 1.8 domestic exports 821 454 576 652 704 1.9 4.1 re-exports 3735 5240 4113 4826 6039 2.9 1.7Iceland 1274 1257 1857 2083 2079 66.1 38.6India 3506 5931 12499 16523 21372 14.0 12.0Indonesia 4154 7764 17907 23805 32857 11.9 23.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 601 932 2911 3512 3577 3.2 3.2Israel 1327 1182 1799 2253 2114 3.8 3.5Japan 3298 4395 6482 7565 8351 0.9 1.1Kenya 559 1062 1898 2231 2776 61.3 55.8Korea, Republic of 2985 4298 5346 6319 7636 2.5 1.8Malawi b 382 342 454 617 680 90.2 88.3Malaysia 7500 8015 15573 20515 27797 8.2 13.9Mexico 3466 9100 14468 15589 17558 5.5 6.0Morocco 1228 1746 2629 3009 3279 23.5 16.3New Zealand 5966 7642 13235 16045 17902 57.6 58.5Nicaragua 295 547 843 976 1207 84.8 81.1Norway 3077 4244 6604 7508 8876 7.1 5.1Pakistan 1081 1234 2210 2327 3901 13.7 19.2Panama 263 580 862 937 959 67.5 81.3Paraguay 863 699 1582 2376 4012 80.4 90.5Peru 789 1911 3812 4184 5265 27.2 16.9Philippines 1683 2026 2830 3237 3961 5.1 8.1Russian Federation - 7527 17192 23565 25021 7.1 5.3Serbia ... ... 1372 1822 2100 ... 19.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 389 ... ... ... 22.6 20.1Singapore 4095 3723 | 5088 5981 7181 2.7 2.1 domestic exports 1183 1202 | 2359 2416 3149 1.5 1.8 re-exports 2912 2521 | 2730 3565 4031 4.3 2.5South Africa 1691 3227 5022 5573 7037 10.8 8.7Sri Lanka b 758 1093 1695 2049 2345 20.1 27.7Switzerland 2244 2521 | 4693 5993 7634 3.1 3.8Syrian Arab Republic b 767 621 | 2133 2542 1499 13.4 10.5Taipei, Chinese 3732 3509 4360 4557 4985 2.4 1.9Tanzania b ... 432 744 889 943 65.9 31.1Thailand 7786 12220 21552 24960 31662 17.7 17.8Tunisia 418 548 1456 1516 1807 9.4 9.4Turkey 3300 3828 8364 9488 11204 13.8 8.5Uganda ... 292 598 825 1006 63.4 46.1Ukraine - 1585 5132 6828 11334 10.9 16.9United Arab Emirates b 501 2818 4786 5502 7788 5.7 3.4United States 59404 71408 92644 113697 139967 9.1 10.9Uruguay 1025 1278 2566 2864 4129 55.7 69.4Viet Nam b ... 3954 9304 11331 13922 27.3 22.1

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008


Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

51

Table II.17

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2766 2815 4506 6103 9098 30.7 23.0Argentina 326 1644 1396 2225 3242 6.5 5.6Australia b 2735 4234 7268 8919 10436 5.9 5.4Bangladesh c, d 835 1716 3720 5322 6822 19.3 28.6Belarus - 1227 2244 2487 3419 14.2 8.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 986 1970 3277 4487 7956 13.5 16.0Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 1378 1659 2083 ... 17.0Brazil e 2690 4762 5487 7266 9690 8.5 5.6Canada b 9009 15272 24562 28080 31243 6.4 7.7Chile 461 1421 2653 3442 4554 7.7 7.4China 7855 19544 51653 65368 86830 8.7 7.7Colombia 593 1736 2704 3470 4542 15.0 11.5Côte d'Ivoire ... 453 1038 1202 1597 16.3 22.3Croatia ... 777 2023 2342 2820 9.9 9.2Cuba d ... 826 1556 ... ... 17.1 16.4Dominican Republic b, d 413 964 1336 1697 2052 10.2 12.7Ecuador 206 423 985 1289 1682 11.4 9.0Egypt d 4793 4208 4733 6242 9520 30.0 19.7El Salvador d 158 692 983 1377 1603 14.0 16.4European Union (27) f - 253703 441170 532091 611746 9.8 9.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 78952 124310 150107 173053 8.6 7.6Guatemala 196 673 | 1379 1689 2008 14.1 13.8Hong Kong, China 8325 11728 11904 13429 16502 5.5 4.2 retained imports 4591 6488 7792 8603 10463 18.6 22.1India 1721 3953 7761 9730 11789 7.7 4.0Indonesia 2126 5727 7487 10473 13312 13.1 10.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 3830 2943 4270 5196 7846 21.2 13.7Israel 1565 2288 3253 4018 5059 6.1 7.5Japan 50762 62185 65594 68817 80627 16.4 10.6Jordan 709 942 1671 2200 3043 20.5 18.0Kazakhstan - 506 1849 2522 3174 10.0 8.4Korea, Republic of 9531 12837 18579 21943 26355 8.0 6.1Kuwait 589 1312 2373 2906 4135 18.3 16.6Lebanon b, d ... 1210 1607 2050 2307 19.4 13.8Malaysia 2404 4610 8505 10612 13355 5.6 8.5Mexico b 5374 10989 18462 21901 25920 6.3 8.4Morocco 1096 1941 2832 4691 5782 16.8 13.8New Zealand 756 1204 2329 2841 3396 8.7 9.9Nigeria d 658 1212 4265 6773 10516 13.9 25.2Norway 2090 2956 5241 6770 8353 8.6 9.4Oman 506 1158 1230 1644 2614 22.6 11.4Pakistan 1568 1882 4131 4518 7103 17.3 16.8Peru d 668 998 1795 2466 3608 13.5 12.0Philippines 1665 3104 4073 4671 6948 8.4 11.5Russian Federation d - 9262 23377 26884 34266 20.7 11.7Saudi Arabia d 3487 5663 9851 12445 15861 18.7 13.8Senegal d 372 394 917 1292 1778 25.9 31.2Singapore 4702 4890 | 6985 8370 10020 3.6 3.1 retained imports 1789 2369 | 4255 4805 5989 3.1 3.8South Africa b 1219 1650 3687 4832 5364 6.2 6.1Sri Lanka d 549 934 1333 1509 2022 13.0 14.4Sudan ... 376 1090 545 1261 24.2 13.8Switzerland 5920 5693 8854 10387 12325 6.9 6.7Syrian Arab Republic d 791 850 | 1810 2176 3468 22.3 18.9Taipei, Chinese 6203 7899 9659 10847 12554 5.6 5.2Thailand 3230 4484 7347 8446 11668 7.2 6.5Tunisia 819 968 1574 2298 2985 11.3 12.1Turkey 2806 4133 7286 9812 13037 7.6 6.5Ukraine - 1092 3574 4584 6995 7.8 8.2United Arab Emirates d 1726 3857 8811 11295 14643 11.0 8.8United States 39966 69115 103648 109572 115908 5.5 5.3Viet Nam d 236 1269 4411 5870 7714 8.1 9.6Yemen ... ... 1549 2183 2473 ... 24.8

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008


Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

52

2.1 Food

Table II.18

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1114.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13 21 22Europe

World 514.1 100.0 100.0 46.7 46.1 12 20 17Europe 415.5 78.3 80.8 36.6 37.3 13 21 17Asia 22.3 5.6 4.3 2.6 2.0 9 17 16North America 21.4 5.9 4.2 2.7 1.9 8 8 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 19.0 2.2 3.7 1.0 1.7 20 25 27Africa 17.4 3.4 3.4 1.6 1.6 12 22 39Middle East 12.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 1.1 11 13 33South and Central America 4.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.4 7 17 22

AsiaWorld 205.0 100.0 100.0 17.9 18.4 13 22 25Asia 106.9 59.2 52.2 10.6 9.6 11 20 22Europe 31.5 14.0 15.4 2.5 2.8 14 22 22North America 26.4 14.9 12.9 2.7 2.4 11 13 14Middle East 17.2 5.5 8.4 1.0 1.5 19 31 58Africa 12.6 3.2 6.2 0.6 1.1 22 40 42Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.0 1.4 2.9 0.2 0.5 24 35 33South and Central America 3.1 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.3 20 42 47

North AmericaWorld 169.0 100.0 100.0 18.5 15.2 10 22 26North America 69.1 41.0 40.9 7.6 6.2 10 13 18Asia 51.8 32.1 30.7 6.0 4.6 9 27 35Europe 16.2 11.8 9.6 2.2 1.5 7 18 18South and Central America 14.3 6.2 8.4 1.1 1.3 14 36 43Africa 8.1 3.7 4.8 0.7 0.7 14 64 24Middle East 6.4 3.5 3.8 0.7 0.6 11 46 43Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 14 52 41

South and Central AmericaWorld 140.8 100.0 100.0 10.6 12.6 15 24 26Europe 44.2 34.0 31.4 3.6 4.0 14 26 22Asia 28.2 14.8 20.0 1.6 2.5 20 30 33South and Central America 25.6 19.6 18.2 2.1 2.3 14 35 40North America 17.5 20.8 12.4 2.2 1.6 8 10 7Africa 9.3 3.4 6.6 0.4 0.8 25 23 32Middle East 7.9 4.3 5.6 0.5 0.7 19 21 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.4 2.5 5.3 0.3 0.7 26 3 33

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 31.9 100.0 100.0 1.6 2.9 21 42 28Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 13.4 41.8 41.8 0.7 1.2 21 36 26Europe 7.8 20.9 24.4 0.3 0.7 23 45 55Asia 4.5 26.2 13.9 0.4 0.4 12 18 14Middle East 3.1 2.3 9.7 0.0 0.3 44 53 58Africa 2.3 1.6 7.2 0.0 0.2 46 161 -6North America 0.5 5.3 1.7 0.1 0.0 5 12 -19South and Central America 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 34 -42 417


Exports of food of regions by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

53

Table II.19


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 27048 100.0 10 16 13 World 95184 100.0 8 9 9North America 17136 63.4 10 19 16 North America 32600 34.2 8 10 12Europe 3573 13.2 10 14 9 Asia 23561 24.8 9 9 14Asia 3079 11.4 11 14 9 Europe 19203 20.2 7 10 0South and Central America 2617 9.7 11 11 9 South and Central America 17314 18.2 7 8 6Africa 493 1.8 12 5 21 Africa 1707 1.8 7 -5 24CIS 82 0.3 7 -2 -18 CIS 503 0.5 4 15 -20Middle East 68 0.3 7 18 -6 Middle East 296 0.3 6 15 -8

Economy Economy United States 15918 58.9 10 17 17 Canada 20305 21.3 8 11 16European Union (27) 3272 12.1 10 13 9 European Union (27) 17556 18.4 7 9 -1Mexico 1147 4.2 20 43 1 Mexico 12291 12.9 9 8 6China 804 3.0 19 16 6 China 5379 5.7 21 18 14Brazil 617 2.3 12 7 2 Chile 3490 3.7 9 6 4Above 5 21758 80.4 - - - Above 5 59022 62.0 - - -Chile 559 2.1 15 13 13 Thailand 3441 3.6 5 2 15Thailand 532 2.0 9 23 19 Brazil 2759 2.9 9 15 3Australia 408 1.5 5 2 -2 Australia 2395 2.5 5 5 -12New Zealand 313 1.2 8 18 -4 Indonesia 2278 2.4 11 4 31Guatemala 220 0.8 10 5 17 Malaysia 1955 2.1 26 38 60Colombia 216 0.8 6 -12 9 New Zealand 1672 1.8 5 -1 4India 210 0.8 11 -1 22 Viet Nam 1556 1.6 14 17 11Costa Rica 205 0.8 11 11 11 Guatemala 1476 1.6 8 16 21Argentina 185 0.7 6 33 6 Costa Rica 1384 1.5 4 8 -2Peru 176 0.7 16 8 29 Colombia 1364 1.4 6 -1 20Viet Nam 162 0.6 15 16 10 Ecuador 1341 1.4 6 2 7South Africa 150 0.6 8 2 14 India 1316 1.4 4 3 19Ecuador 126 0.5 9 20 30 Argentina 1310 1.4 6 8 12Malaysia 119 0.4 23 94 4 Philippines 1266 1.3 8 7 23Côte d'Ivoire 119 0.4 17 -16 41 Peru 1035 1.1 18 14 16Switzerland 112 0.4 16 9 24 Honduras 763 0.8 6 16 10Turkey 105 0.4 22 52 1 Switzerland 720 0.8 17 51 91Indonesia 100 0.4 8 -7 43 Japan 708 0.7 5 9 15Philippines 98 0.4 11 8 24 Côte d'Ivoire 675 0.7 11 -8 44Morocco 93 0.3 11 39 -1 Dominican Republic 600 0.6 4 -1 -2Russian Federation 77 0.3 6 -3 -17 Nicaragua 520 0.5 10 15 22Canada 68 0.3 ... -1 80 Russian Federation 455 0.5 4 14 -22Japan 64 0.2 7 12 10 Turkey 448 0.5 8 15 -15Honduras 56 0.2 23 29 39 Korea, Republic of 380 0.4 8 6 8Taipei, Chinese 53 0.2 6 10 10 Taipei, Chinese 348 0.4 0 7 16Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 Norway 274 0.3 3 26 -23Korea, Republic of 41 0.2 4 4 16 El Salvador 269 0.3 4 31 25Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 57 15 South Africa 207 0.2 1 -12 -4Singapore 35 0.1 15 28 89 Israel 181 0.2 6 6 6El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 394 Singapore 175 0.2 5 26 10Nigeria 34 0.1 28 59 24 Panama 172 0.2 1 -3 -2Hong Kong, China 30 0.1 0 -4 13 Fiji 169 0.2 21 12 4Jamaica 28 0.1 3 12 5 Bangladesh 147 0.2 0 -17 -14Pakistan 25 0.1 18 8 88 Uruguay 143 0.2 5 10 -61Uruguay 24 0.1 -9 121 -70 Morocco 141 0.1 12 22 19Above 40 26619 98.4 - - - Above 40 93063 97.8 - - -

Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2008




Canada a United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

54

Table II.20

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008


extra-EU (27) exports 104.81 - - 10.7 9.4 11 12 16 19United States 112.63 17.6 13.4 12.6 10.1 10 12 27 28Brazil 54.30 4.2 2.8 3.0 4.9 20 13 23 29Canada 39.33 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.5 11 12 18 23Argentina 36.82 2.3 2.2 2.7 3.3 16 11 35 31China 35.90 1.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 13 13 19 8Indonesia 24.09 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.2 20 16 46 44Thailand 23.29 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 11 15 20 32Malaysia 23.12 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 20 14 45 43Australia 21.58 3.3 2.5 2.9 1.9 7 5 -2 22India 18.28 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.6 16 16 31 34Mexico 16.50 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.5 9 17 9 13New Zealand 15.29 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 13 1 23 14Russian Federation 13.70 - - 0.9 1.2 17 20 47 9Viet Nam a 11.83 ... ... 0.8 1.1 16 17 23 25

Above 15 927.69 - - 83.2 83.3 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 516.65 - - 42.6 44.1 13 9 21 17 extra-EU (27) imports 140.41 - - 12.2 12.0 12 9 22 19

United States 95.18 8.8 8.9 10.9 8.1 8 10 9 9Japan 66.16 7.2 10.1 10.3 5.6 4 -3 6 20China 49.54 1.4 1.4 1.9 4.2 24 6 41 53Russian Federation a 32.16 - - 1.8 2.7 18 21 16 28Canada b 27.05 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.3 11 15 16 13Mexico b 21.93 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 13 13 22 20Korea, Republic of 19.49 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 12 12 20 24United Arab Emirates a 15.28 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 20 22 27 46Saudi Arabia a 15.25 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 14 8 26 29Hong Kong, China 14.12 - - - - 6 7 18 26

retained imports 9.70 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 6 4 14 23Malaysia 10.97 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 15 16 25 28Switzerland 10.44 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 11 7 18 20Nigeria a 10.07 ... ... 0.2 0.9 31 44 58 55Indonesia 9.38 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 14 13 44 19

Above 15 909.27 - - 79.4 77.5 - - - -


Leading exporters and importers of food, 2008

a Includes Secretariat estimates.


Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

55

Table II.21

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 315559 | 432121 754711 914823 1114016 6.9 7.1Argentina 6949 11491 20759 28115 36818 43.6 52.2Australia 7937 12583 17937 17619 21576 19.7 11.5Belarus - 495 1478 1762 2209 6.8 6.7Brazil 8697 12808 34341 42125 54303 23.3 27.4Cameroon b 409 272 430 472 564 14.9 13.0Canada 10898 17630 27107 31917 39326 6.4 8.6Chile 1965 4424 8555 9651 11279 23.0 17.0China 7868 13559 27863 33158 35898 5.4 2.5Colombia 2222 2502 3859 4577 5403 19.2 14.4Costa Rica 848 1648 2147 2678 3105 28.1 32.1Côte d'Ivoire ... 1806 2856 3185 3936 46.4 39.0Croatia ... 394 1178 1293 1378 8.9 9.8Ecuador 1198 1758 3431 3742 4558 35.7 24.6Egypt 251 377 898 1268 2526 8.0 9.9Ethiopia 186 321 736 780 1156 66.0 72.2European Union (27) - 189387 342490 410555 481046 7.7 8.2 intra-EU (27) exports - 143213 266703 322376 376238 8.6 9.5 extra-EU (27) exports - 46174 75787 88179 104808 5.9 5.4Ghana b ... 513 1568 1896 2337 30.7 44.3Guatemala 778 1518 | 2010 2575 2915 56.3 37.7Honduras b 649 730 1079 1246 1550 21.8 25.6Hong Kong, China 3385 3664 2988 3779 4913 1.8 1.3 domestic exports 742 363 445 478 493 1.5 2.9 re-exports 2644 3302 2543 3298 4420 1.8 1.3Iceland 1266 1240 1829 2060 2045 65.2 38.0India 2782 5398 10406 13668 18275 12.7 10.3Indonesia 2853 5526 11453 16681 24090 8.4 17.3Iran, Islamic Rep. of b ... 818 2690 3286 3261 2.8 2.9Israel 1022 824 1393 1799 1717 2.6 2.8Japan 1706 2170 3147 3623 3980 0.5 0.5Kenya 502 927 1483 1745 2111 53.5 42.5Korea, Republic of 2162 2665 2985 3343 3938 1.5 0.9Malawi b 374 331 431 584 644 87.4 83.6Malaysia 3434 5440 11175 16203 23121 5.5 11.6Mexico 3057 8179 13473 14623 16500 4.9 5.7Morocco 1105 1596 2414 2790 3084 21.5 15.3New Zealand 4272 5825 10929 13442 15287 43.9 50.0Nicaragua 251 534 830 962 1194 82.8 80.2Norway 2365 3827 6013 6822 8070 6.4 4.7Pakistan 516 964 2002 2116 3621 10.7 17.8Panama 258 569 852 925 948 66.2 80.3Paraguay 502 564 1445 2219 3873 64.9 87.4Peru 703 1736 3490 3839 4894 24.7 15.7Philippines 1532 1815 2589 2982 3650 4.6 7.4Russian Federation - 3805 8555 12599 13697 3.6 2.9Serbia ... ... 1224 1642 1906 ... 17.4Serbia and Montenegro ... 290 ... ... ... 16.9 17.5Singapore 2747 3091 | 4226 5116 6208 2.2 1.8 domestic exports 1077 1092 | 1878 2237 2923 1.4 1.7 re-exports 1671 1999 | 2348 2879 3286 3.4 2.0South Africa ... 2232 3785 4213 5429 7.4 6.7Sri Lanka 649 ... 1514 1834 2092 ... 24.8Switzerland 1756 2007 | 4097 5281 6870 2.5 3.4Syrian Arab Republic b 577 408 | 1899 2401 1101 8.8 7.7Taipei, Chinese 2703 1819 1932 2001 2480 1.2 1.0Tanzania b ... 359 620 726 737 54.8 24.3Thailand 6611 9924 14684 17690 23293 14.4 13.1Tunisia 384 510 1384 1444 1716 8.7 8.9Turkey 2906 3521 7932 9007 10704 12.7 8.1Uganda ... 241 523 739 923 52.4 42.3Ukraine - 1339 4609 6192 10754 9.2 16.1United Arab Emirates b 73 2706 4432 5062 7495 5.4 3.2United States 42422 54341 69160 87753 112631 6.9 8.7Uruguay 670 1064 2181 2389 3500 46.4 58.8Viet Nam b ... 3666 7684 9474 11830 25.3 18.8

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

56

Table II.22

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2306 2578 4062 5473 8457 28.1 21.4Argentina 164 1267 889 1654 2616 5.0 4.6Australia b 1943 3245 6196 7650 9000 4.6 4.7Bangladesh c, d 650 1254 2620 3946 5059 14.1 21.2Belarus - 1027 1905 2091 2899 11.9 7.3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 739 1704 2928 4045 7365 11.7 14.8Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 1272 1542 1928 ... 15.7Brazil e 2112 3665 4095 5554 7557 6.6 4.4Canada b 7143 12027 20539 23890 27048 5.0 6.6Chile 308 1228 2348 3085 4178 6.6 6.7China 4619 9043 22917 32422 49543 4.0 4.4Colombia 395 1405 2277 3013 4021 12.2 10.1Côte d'Ivoire ... 427 1006 1163 1546 15.3 21.6Croatia ... 653 1775 2056 2517 8.3 8.2Cuba d ... 765 1502 ... ... 15.8 15.8Ecuador 156 310 856 1145 1504 8.3 8.1Egypt 2903 3531 3936 5242 7981 25.2 16.5El Salvador d 128 613 897 1251 1451 12.4 14.9European Union (27) f - 200032 363571 440518 516652 7.8 8.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 57170 96901 118142 140414 6.2 6.2Guatemala 169 592 | 1236 1531 1837 12.4 12.6Hong Kong, China 6551 9165 9467 11191 14120 4.3 3.6 retained imports 3908 5864 6924 7892 9700 16.8 20.3India 771 2215 4837 5992 7272 4.3 2.5Indonesia 1104 3336 5455 7857 9383 7.7 7.4Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 2585 3177 3884 6304 18.6 11.0Israel 1197 1923 2724 3321 4338 5.1 6.4Japan 34154 48580 52146 55281 66159 12.8 8.7Jordan 672 851 1523 2029 2809 18.5 16.6Kazakhstan - 459 1644 2241 2938 9.1 7.8Kenya 199 403 668 990 1289 13.0 11.6Korea, Republic of 3912 7722 13041 15692 19494 4.8 4.5Kuwait 561 1249 2261 2757 3972 17.5 16.0Lebanon b, d ... 1107 1438 1896 2076 17.8 12.4Malaysia 2021 3526 6841 8549 10966 4.3 7.0Mexico b 4326 8485 14998 18239 21929 4.9 7.1Morocco 677 1585 2168 3883 4893 13.7 11.7New Zealand 643 1074 2122 2624 3173 7.7 9.2Nigeria d ... 1159 4112 6490 10071 13.3 24.2Norway 1584 2221 4255 5458 7008 6.5 7.8Oman 486 1122 1167 1562 2494 21.9 10.9Pakistan 1276 1524 3061 2889 5014 14.0 11.8Peru d 621 864 1564 2136 3124 11.6 10.4Philippines 1348 2598 3648 4238 6514 7.0 10.8Russian Federation d - 8292 21782 25184 32164 18.6 11.0Saudi Arabia d 3319 5375 9388 11827 15255 17.8 13.2Senegal d 350 362 858 1221 1693 23.8 29.7Singapore 3685 4354 | 6093 7435 8991 3.2 2.8 retained imports 2014 2354 | 3745 4556 5705 3.1 3.6South Africa b 846 1255 3008 4072 4589 4.7 5.2Sri Lanka 502 ... 1198 1354 1871 ... 13.4Sudan ... 360 1053 519 1229 23.2 13.4Switzerland 4371 4519 7369 8679 10444 5.5 5.7Syrian Arab Republic d 745 726 | 1519 1848 3187 19.0 17.4Taipei, Chinese 3495 5013 6653 7484 9138 3.6 3.8Thailand 1672 2677 4972 5903 8479 4.3 4.7Tunisia 582 706 1231 1873 2515 8.2 10.2Turkey 1856 2128 3486 5167 8502 3.9 4.2Ukraine - 882 3049 3966 6234 6.3 7.3United Arab Emirates d 1627 3622 8271 10487 15280 10.3 9.2United States 30055 51226 80283 87672 95184 4.1 4.4Viet Nam d ... 814 2695 3929 5268 5.2 6.6Yemen ... ... 1509 2125 2405 ... 24.1

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

57

3. Fuels and mining products

Table II.23

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 3530.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 15 33Europe

World 767.9 100.0 100.0 23.8 21.8 18 13 26Europe 615.6 79.9 80.2 19.0 17.4 18 11 26North America 59.3 11.0 7.7 2.6 1.7 13 11 16Asia 28.2 3.5 3.7 0.8 0.8 19 27 21Africa 21.9 1.6 2.9 0.4 0.6 27 32 48Middle East 10.0 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.3 24 8 37Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 24 37 37South and Central America 3.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 14 21 -4

Middle EastWorld 756.5 100.0 100.0 23.1 21.4 18 13 38Asia 513.8 61.0 67.9 14.1 14.6 20 19 38North America 90.6 12.8 12.0 3.0 2.6 17 7 61Europe 87.0 16.7 11.5 3.9 2.5 13 4 30Africa 16.0 2.5 2.1 0.6 0.5 16 -11 42Middle East 15.9 2.1 2.1 0.5 0.4 18 -34 35South and Central America 4.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 16 -5 90Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 -7 57

AsiaWorld 540.2 100.0 100.0 14.0 15.3 21 18 36Asia 430.8 83.3 79.7 11.7 12.2 20 16 37Europe 38.6 5.7 7.2 0.8 1.1 24 22 37North America 20.5 7.0 3.8 1.0 0.6 12 9 0Middle East 16.2 0.9 3.0 0.1 0.5 40 36 34South and Central America 11.9 0.6 2.2 0.1 0.3 41 54 89Africa 9.9 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.3 51 12 45Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 28 24 52

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 470.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 13.3 24 18 39Europe 324.9 63.9 69.1 6.4 9.2 25 14 38Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 55.5 14.0 11.8 1.4 1.6 21 24 47Asia 45.0 7.8 9.6 0.8 1.3 27 51 28North America 26.0 7.1 5.5 0.7 0.7 20 31 29Middle East 11.1 1.1 2.4 0.1 0.3 36 -4 89South and Central America 3.6 5.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 -3 -25 62Africa 2.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 42 19 308

AfricaWorld 393.9 100.0 100.0 10.3 11.2 21 18 31Europe 149.8 46.9 38.0 4.8 4.2 17 5 40North America 109.6 25.9 27.8 2.7 3.1 22 19 24Asia 90.9 17.0 23.1 1.7 2.6 25 23 39Africa 19.9 4.8 5.1 0.5 0.6 21 27 18South and Central America 15.9 4.0 4.0 0.4 0.4 21 28 43Middle East 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 17 -1 34Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 31 317 124

North AmericaWorld 345.9 100.0 100.0 11.0 9.8 18 17 34North America 225.8 75.4 65.3 8.3 6.4 16 12 31Europe 49.3 9.8 14.2 1.1 1.4 23 30 51Asia 39.9 9.5 11.5 1.0 1.1 21 24 21South and Central America 24.6 4.3 7.1 0.5 0.7 25 26 51Africa 3.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 26 47 87Middle East 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 22 -2 57Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 38 77 91

South and Central AmericaWorld 255.8 100.0 100.0 7.9 7.2 18 12 25North America 94.2 48.2 36.8 3.8 2.7 14 7 21South and Central America 58.8 23.5 23.0 1.9 1.7 18 11 42Asia 53.4 10.6 20.9 0.8 1.5 29 34 24Europe 42.4 14.1 16.6 1.1 1.2 20 6 12Africa 2.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.1 28 14 11Middle East 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 16 2 66Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 27 46 161


Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

58

3.1. Fuels

Table II.24



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

European Union (27) United States Region Region

World 950271 100.0 20 7 42 World 501865 100.0 17 8 35Europe 384848 40.5 19 6 41 North America 155526 31.0 17 6 36CIS 257776 27.1 25 11 37 Africa 99490 19.8 21 14 25Africa 131580 13.8 18 7 50 South and Central America 88689 17.7 15 5 31Middle East 78841 8.3 12 4 27 Middle East 87580 17.5 17 7 63North America 23697 2.5 25 17 111 Europe 36295 7.2 13 0 19Asia 19287 2.0 32 12 81 CIS 24186 4.8 50 24 61South and Central America 18207 1.9 26 0 65 Asia 10099 2.0 10 17 -10

Economy Economy European Union (27) 296337 31.2 20 7 42 Canada 113020 22.5 17 8 41Russian Federation 209924 22.1 23 9 34 Saudi Arabia 56256 11.2 19 12 54Norway 82581 8.7 16 4 38 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 50026 10.0 14 8 28Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 45152 4.8 18 15 33 Mexico 42507 8.5 16 1 23Algeria 29549 3.1 13 -6 46 Nigeria 38992 7.8 17 16 16Saudi Arabia 26359 2.8 10 -18 29 European Union (27) 32175 6.4 16 3 23Kazakhstan 22068 2.3 31 4 45 Iraq 22708 4.5 17 -4 100Nigeria 21532 2.3 19 1 67 Algeria 19981 4.0 27 14 9Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18631 2.0 14 4 12 Angola 19460 3.9 23 6 51Azerbaijan 15356 1.6 43 54 56 Russian Federation 17847 3.6 46 8 55

Above 10 767489 80.8 20 6 38 Above 10 412971 82.3 - - -Japan China

Region Region World 266771 100.0 17 7 54 World 168777 100.0 30 18 61Middle East 163932 61.5 17 4 47 Middle East 68602 40.6 30 15 75Asia 78312 29.4 14 5 66 Africa 39511 23.4 35 24 51Africa 10855 4.1 41 10 75 Asia 33271 19.7 22 17 62CIS 7868 2.9 52 184 45 CIS 16454 9.7 44 17 30North America 4296 1.6 9 3 97 South and Central America 9526 5.6 80 15 80Europe 1036 0.4 33 138 137 North America 987 0.6 33 85 61South and Central America 473 0.2 35 108 -17 Europe 425 0.3 -5 8 5

Economy Economy Saudi Arabia 50431 18.9 17 -5 45 Saudi Arabia 26436 15.7 43 15 94United Arab Emirates 46617 17.5 16 2 46 Angola 22346 13.2 37 18 74Australia 28765 10.8 22 10 86 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16782 9.9 34 29 44Qatar 26529 9.9 21 15 57 Russian Federation 11919 7.1 41 -1 27Indonesia 19484 7.3 11 5 54 Oman 11265 6.7 17 8 71Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18069 6.8 17 13 45 Korea, Republic of 9965 5.9 22 12 53Kuwait 15292 5.7 15 9 54 Sudan 6277 3.7 31 121 51Malaysia 10576 4.0 16 29 64 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5340 3.2 84 11 113Russian Federation 7818 2.9 52 174 49 Japan 4834 2.9 46 33 131Oman 5559 2.1 13 34 56 Kuwait 4721 2.8 51 24 129

Above 10 229141 85.9 17 8 53 Above 10 119884 71.0 - - -

Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

59

Table II.25



2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

AsiaJapan 47.5 163.9 17 25 4 47Korea, Republic of 24.4 96.0 19 31 7 51India 11.0 71.9 26 41 14 60China 8.7 68.6 30 35 15 75Singapore 10.4 35.7 17 16 9 55Taipei, Chinese 5.4 35.6 27 31 12 42Thailand 5.5 25.3 21 23 -1 53Pakistan 3.5 12.7 17 50 5 66Philippines 3.1 6.8 10 36 5 29Indonesia 2.3 6.5 14 20 -2 37Malaysia 1.3 5.6 20 51 -13 37Australia 1.6 2.5 6 45 39 7

EuropeEuropean Union (27) 31.9 78.8 12 15 4 27Turkey 2.2 12.6 24 37 17 38

North AmericaUnited States 24.4 87.6 17 16 7 63Canada 1.1 4.6 20 33 1 39

AfricaSouth Africa 3.3 10.4 15 24 8 37

Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2000 and 2008

Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

60

Table II.26

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aWorld 362586 | 666593 1789550 2029658 2861893 10.6 18.2Algeria 10623 21610 53581 59188 77822 98.1 98.1Angola b 3655 7105 31167 39354 66437 89.7 99.0Argentina 985 4642 7104 6095 6717 17.6 9.5Australia 7473 13324 29637 31648 59594 20.9 31.8Azerbaijan - 1485 11990 20131 30063 85.1 95.4Bahrain b 2313 4490 9221 10809 14432 72.5 79.5Belarus - 1452 7563 8513 12337 19.8 37.5Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela b 14447 29203 58438 62555 87443 87.1 93.5Bolivia b 227 160 2063 2274 3593 13.0 55.7Brazil 682 908 10590 13297 18689 1.6 9.4Brunei Darussalam b 2137 ... 7356 7386 10692 ... 96.3Cameroon b 998 987 2203 2187 2653 53.8 61.0Canada 12672 36344 77450 87492 125901 13.1 27.6China 5119 7855 17770 19951 31402 3.2 2.2Colombia 2496 5636 9374 10872 17295 43.2 46.0Côte d'Ivoire ... 737 3004 2629 3628 19.0 35.9Croatia ... 486 1568 1599 1814 11.0 12.9Ecuador 1409 2442 7544 8279 11672 49.6 63.1Egypt 762 1975 7629 8407 10567 42.1 41.5European Union (27) - 95995 268656 295515 414587 3.9 7.0 intra-EU (27) exports - 69486 195489 209028 296337 4.2 7.5 extra-EU (27) exports - 26509 73167 86487 118250 3.4 6.1Gabon ... 2168 4585 ... ... 83.4 84.1India 522 121 18549 25015 31637 0.3 17.8Indonesia 11239 15066 27619 29210 39780 23.0 28.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 15307 25611 64139 72894 92993 89.1 82.0Iraq b 9587 19771 29202 39436 58243 96.0 97.6Japan 1260 1520 5897 9280 18776 0.3 2.4Kazakhstan - 4567 26279 31519 48911 51.8 68.7Korea, Republic of 697 9376 20920 24631 38455 5.4 9.1Kuwait 6500 18141 53174 59212 82766 93.3 95.0Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 10608 ... 38142 44147 61586 ... 97.7Malaysia 5397 9448 22062 25104 36281 9.6 18.2Mexico 9868 16050 38636 42426 50148 9.6 17.2Morocco 152 272 471 557 679 3.7 3.4New Zealand 362 345 368 1076 2103 2.6 6.9Nigeria b 13191 20876 54835 62496 74281 99.5 92.0Norway 16288 38274 82856 87668 120301 63.7 69.7Oman 5057 8952 17905 19670 29217 79.1 77.5Pakistan 71 131 841 994 1230 1.5 6.1Peru 332 404 1902 2410 2842 5.7 9.1Philippines b 225 505 1093 1415 1608 1.3 3.3Qatar b 2967 10665 30552 37616 57591 92.0 90.2Russian Federation - 53095 190261 218261 308602 50.3 65.4Saudi Arabia 40128 70857 188399 205839 281013 91.3 89.7Singapore 9566 13403 | 35656 41333 62480 9.7 18.5 domestic exports 9479 13290 | 28766 30416 44137 16.9 25.1 re-exports 88 113 | 6890 10917 18342 0.2 11.3South Africa b 1152 2664 5065 6759 7120 8.9 8.8Sudan ... 1088 4796 7550 8935 60.2 74.2Switzerland 45 287 | 3750 4089 6369 0.4 3.2Syrian Arab Republic b 1903 3538 | 4406 4746 6075 76.3 42.5Taipei, Chinese 401 1657 10785 13713 18474 1.1 7.2Thailand 192 2206 6507 6840 11299 3.2 6.4Trinidad and Tobago b 1285 2790 10718 8850 11325 65.3 66.9Tunisia 604 707 1518 2456 3345 12.1 17.3Turkey 296 294 3566 5148 7531 1.1 5.7Ukraine - 808 2554 2630 4109 5.5 6.1United Arab Emirates b 14141 31723 71804 79532 117484 63.7 50.7United States 12321 13340 34838 42189 76742 1.7 6.0Viet Nam b ... 3825 9709 10061 13020 26.4 20.7Yemen ... ... 6126 5698 6729 ... 75.0

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. Note: Includes economies exporting petroleum products.

Value

Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

61

Table II.27

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aArgentina 333 928 1604 2691 4133 3.7 7.2Australia b 2188 5898 17518 20176 30014 8.3 15.7Bahrain c 1827 2107 4981 5960 6485 45.5 51.9Bangladesh c, d 566 554 2000 1842 2362 6.2 9.9Belarus - 2585 7324 10084 13982 29.9 35.4Brazil e 6045 8290 17141 22320 34288 14.8 19.8Cameroon c 21 344 1010 987 1059 23.1 24.3Canada b 7313 12481 32741 36248 51764 5.2 12.7Chile 1099 3014 8423 11316 16183 16.3 26.1China 1259 20637 89001 104930 168777 9.2 14.9Costa Rica 219 486 1311 1521 2210 7.6 14.4Côte d'Ivoire c ... 838 1850 2016 2115 30.1 29.6Croatia ... 1145 3416 3929 5401 14.5 17.6Cuba c ... 1158 2746 ... ... 23.9 28.9Dominican Republic b ... 1505 2788 3224 4241 15.9 26.4Ecuador 38 281 2564 2824 3256 7.5 17.4Egypt 243 1063 3376 3971 5407 7.6 11.2European Union (27) f - 218179 621976 668171 950271 8.5 15.2 extra-EU (27) imports - 148790 426424 459143 653934 16.2 28.7FYR Macedonia ... 290 760 979 1418 13.8 20.7Guatemala 278 620 | 1901 2443 2839 12.9 19.5Hong Kong, China 1996 4533 9772 11339 14375 2.1 3.7 retained imports 1561 4102 9141 10767 13630 11.8 27.7India 6495 17861 61457 74916 117590 34.7 40.1Indonesia 1937 6071 17648 21994 30652 13.9 24.3Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 311 5323 4009 4811 2.2 8.4Israel 1354 3587 7447 8926 12840 9.5 19.0Jamaica c 380 586 1530 2205 2485 17.6 29.1Japan 56777 77425 161806 173487 266771 20.4 35.0Jordan 471 194 2720 2943 3679 4.2 21.8Kazakhstan - 564 3051 3639 5431 11.2 14.3Kenya 424 642 1745 1917 3056 20.7 27.6Korea, Republic of 11023 38077 86707 96503 142515 23.7 32.7Lebanon b, c ... 1029 2188 2615 2579 16.5 15.4Malaysia 1487 3940 11745 12885 17012 4.8 10.8Mexico b 1125 5232 14471 19399 29183 3.0 9.5Morocco 1168 2039 5041 6328 8741 17.7 20.9New Zealand 727 1446 3911 4458 6073 10.4 17.7Norway 1178 1193 2930 3404 4516 3.5 5.1Pakistan 1529 3598 7680 8350 14054 33.1 33.2Peru c 327 1156 2960 3829 5602 15.6 18.7Philippines 1943 4095 8300 9883 12804 11.1 21.2Russian Federation c - 1639 2035 2768 4685 3.7 1.6Senegal c 194 317 950 1298 1808 20.9 31.7Serbia ... ... 2595 3195 4674 ... 20.3Serbia and Montenegro ... 745 ... ... ... 20.1 17.1Singapore 9632 16219 | 44794 52619 87343 12.1 27.3 retained imports 9545 16106 | 37904 41702 69000 21.3 43.9South Africa b 88 3826 12678 14847 19555 14.3 22.3Sri Lanka c 333 551 1634 2681 3132 7.7 22.4Switzerland 3155 3747 11237 10967 16395 4.5 8.9Syrian Arab Republic c 72 143 | 3112 4784 4886 3.7 26.7Taipei, Chinese 5953 13030 36633 43537 61609 9.3 25.6Tanzania c ... 294 1086 1769 2347 18.5 33.1Thailand 3084 7549 25623 25895 37209 12.2 20.8Trinidad and Tobago 143 1068 2270 2567 3365 32.3 33.7Tunisia 493 902 2218 2443 4151 10.5 16.9Turkey 4622 7515 27574 32595 46184 13.8 22.9Ukraine - 5997 12711 15923 22832 43.0 26.7United States 68741 139622 345059 372251 501865 11.1 23.1Uruguay 238 530 1313 1235 2632 15.3 29.5Viet Nam c ... 2113 6699 8744 12451 13.5 15.5Yemen ... ... 1315 1824 3037 ... 30.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

62

4. Manufactures

Table II.28

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 10458.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 15 10Europe

World 4953.6 100.0 100.0 45.2 47.4 11 17 9Europe 3530.7 72.1 71.3 32.6 33.8 11 17 7Asia 418.5 8.2 8.4 3.7 4.0 12 17 12North America 382.8 11.2 7.7 5.1 3.7 6 6 2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 209.1 1.3 4.2 0.6 2.0 29 34 25Middle East 160.9 2.4 3.2 1.1 1.5 16 19 22Africa 140.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 1.3 14 21 20South and Central America 85.5 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.8 10 22 22

AsiaWorld 3447.8 100.0 100.0 29.7 33.0 12 16 11Asia 1551.6 45.5 45.0 13.5 14.8 12 14 10North America 713.0 29.1 20.7 8.6 6.8 7 6 3Europe 702.5 18.7 20.4 5.5 6.7 13 20 10Middle East 158.5 2.5 4.6 0.7 1.5 21 37 28South and Central America 102.9 1.8 3.0 0.5 1.0 19 31 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 99.4 0.4 2.9 0.1 1.0 42 64 36Africa 93.4 1.3 2.7 0.4 0.9 23 32 27

North AmericaWorld 1389.2 100.0 100.0 20.5 13.3 5 8 5North America 669.7 55.5 48.2 11.4 6.4 3 3 0Europe 265.2 17.4 19.1 3.6 2.5 6 15 8Asia 255.4 18.8 18.4 3.8 2.4 4 8 4South and Central America 117.5 5.7 8.5 1.2 1.1 10 20 24Middle East 48.0 1.6 3.5 0.3 0.5 15 20 21Africa 20.3 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 13 20 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 12.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.1 24 47 28

Middle EastWorld 220.3 100.0 100.0 1.3 2.1 17 24 24Middle East 85.2 26.2 38.7 0.3 0.8 23 36 12Asia 47.7 19.2 21.7 0.2 0.5 19 22 68Europe 32.3 18.9 14.7 0.2 0.3 14 17 38North America 24.8 23.1 11.3 0.3 0.2 7 3 20Africa 17.7 5.9 8.1 0.1 0.2 22 21 -4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.8 2.3 2.6 0.0 0.1 19 36 -24South and Central America 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 16 1 87

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 174.8 100.0 100.0 0.9 1.7 19 25 32Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 62.6 30.9 35.8 0.3 0.6 21 32 22Europe 60.8 30.7 34.8 0.3 0.6 21 27 32Asia 20.1 19.2 11.5 0.2 0.2 12 7 54Middle East 9.5 4.3 5.5 0.0 0.1 23 52 21North America 9.1 8.3 5.2 0.1 0.1 12 -14 45South and Central America 6.3 2.4 3.6 0.0 0.1 25 44 60Africa 5.0 3.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 18 10 41

South and Central AmericaWorld 172.6 100.0 100.0 1.6 1.6 11 14 12South and Central America 72.5 33.9 42.0 0.5 0.7 14 24 19North America 53.6 46.0 31.0 0.7 0.5 6 -2 5Europe 23.9 13.6 13.9 0.2 0.2 12 26 4Asia 14.1 4.9 8.2 0.1 0.1 19 22 24Africa 4.9 1.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 25 22 13Middle East 2.2 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 27 2 23Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 49 31 38

AfricaWorld 99.9 100.0 100.0 0.8 1.0 13 17 23Europe 46.5 58.8 46.6 0.5 0.4 10 14 13Africa 21.9 15.9 21.9 0.1 0.2 18 22 39Asia 12.9 10.3 13.0 0.1 0.1 17 10 38North America 9.7 9.0 9.7 0.1 0.1 14 10 26Middle East 4.8 3.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 19 20 46South and Central America 2.4 1.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 22 22 58Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 20 33 47

Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2008




ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

63

Table II.29

Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

United States962.8 100.0 100.0 5 10 7 World 1416.7 100.0 100.0 5 4 1318.2 38.0 33.0 3 4 3 North America 309.5 27.2 21.8 2 4 -595.3 7.5 9.9 9 18 23 South and Central America 43.2 3.1 3.1 5 -3 528.1 2.2 2.9 9 27 33 Brazil 16.4 1.0 1.2 7 -9 2

236.4 24.0 24.6 5 14 8 Europe 320.8 21.6 22.6 5 6 3218.0 22.4 22.6 5 14 8 European Union (27) 297.6 20.2 21.0 5 7 210.7 0.3 1.1 23 47 30 CIS 9.5 0.4 0.7 11 -13 477.2 0.2 0.7 23 54 25 Russian Federation 6.1 0.3 0.4 11 -17 45

18.3 1.1 1.9 12 18 18 Africa 10.2 0.4 0.7 13 6 2645.2 2.3 4.7 15 20 21 Middle East 24.7 1.5 1.7 7 7 7

238.4 26.8 24.8 4 8 4 Asia 698.8 45.7 49.3 6 5 144.8 1.9 4.7 17 17 6 China 340.5 10.7 24.0 16 11 442.8 7.2 4.5 -1 2 1 Japan 136.8 14.9 9.7 -1 -2 -3

101.6 13.6 10.6 2 4 -1 Six East Asian traders 147.7 15.3 10.4 0 -3 -4

European Union (27)4614.3 100.0 100.0 11 16 8 World 4335.0 100.0 100.0 10 17 7354.1 11.0 7.7 6 6 1 North America 244.1 9.4 5.6 4 14 478.9 1.9 1.7 10 21 21 South and Central America 27.0 0.7 0.6 10 6 634.2 0.7 0.7 12 31 32 Brazil 15.1 0.3 0.3 11 24 7

3321.2 72.5 72.0 11 16 7 Europe 3237.5 72.5 74.7 11 16 73047.6 66.9 66.0 11 16 7 European Union (27) 3047.6 68.5 70.3 11 16 7191.7 1.2 4.2 29 33 25 CIS 40.7 0.6 0.9 18 23 17136.1 0.8 2.9 30 36 27 Russian Federation 23.8 0.4 0.5 16 24 14129.7 2.4 2.8 13 21 19 Africa 43.7 1.1 1.0 9 15 7134.3 2.3 2.9 14 18 16 Middle East 25.8 0.7 0.6 8 13 6381.4 8.0 8.3 11 17 11 Asia 707.1 14.6 16.3 12 19 899.3 1.1 2.2 21 23 17 China 348.6 3.3 8.0 23 30 1549.3 1.7 1.1 5 5 1 Japan 106.6 4.3 2.5 3 10 2

126.1 3.3 2.7 8 13 8 Six East Asian traders 166.2 5.0 3.8 7 8 0

China a1329.6 100.0 100.0 25 27 17 World 733.4 100.0 100.0 20 17 8333.9 31.9 25.1 22 15 7 North America 65.5 11.8 8.9 16 16 1151.6 2.5 3.9 33 47 40 South and Central America 5.9 0.3 0.8 34 30 517.1 0.5 1.3 40 52 61 Brazil 2.4 0.2 0.3 27 19 28

353.4 21.5 26.6 29 30 17 Europe 126.3 17.5 17.2 20 21 20334.6 20.4 25.2 29 30 18 European Union (27) 117.9 16.5 16.1 20 20 2061.6 1.3 4.6 47 74 35 CIS 5.2 1.9 0.7 6 23 1131.0 0.9 2.3 41 83 16 Russian Federation 3.5 1.4 0.5 5 9 2147.4 2.0 3.6 35 41 38 Africa 2.9 0.2 0.4 27 40 1055.6 2.5 4.2 33 51 33 Middle East 7.6 0.7 1.0 27 19 18

424.9 38.3 32.0 22 25 18 Asia 519.9 67.6 70.9 21 16 5118.8 15.7 8.9 17 13 12 Japan 136.5 23.1 18.6 17 15 10192.5 16.4 14.5 23 25 18 Six East Asian traders 262.7 37.3 35.8 19 15 4

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Exports Imports

Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2008



Annual percentage change Share Share

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

64

Table II.30


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 4335018 100.0 10 17 7 World 1416725 100.0 5 4 1Europe 3237499 74.7 11 16 7 Asia 698813 49.3 6 5 1Asia 707065 16.3 12 19 8 Europe 320806 22.6 5 6 3North America 244117 5.6 4 14 4 North America 309471 21.8 2 4 -5Africa 43650 1.0 9 15 7 South and Central America 43246 3.1 5 -3 5CIS 40721 0.9 18 24 17 Middle East 24691 1.7 7 7 7South and Central America 26965 0.6 10 6 6 Africa 10185 0.7 13 6 26Middle East 25810 0.6 8 13 6 CIS 9513 0.7 11 -13 47

Economy Economy European Union (27) 3047573 70.3 11 16 7 China 340481 24.0 16 11 4China 348571 8.0 23 30 15 European Union (27) 297611 21.0 5 7 2United States 212879 4.9 3 12 4 Canada 159647 11.3 0 1 -8Japan 106619 2.5 3 10 2 Mexico 149822 10.6 4 7 -3Switzerland 97526 2.3 9 15 10 Japan 136847 9.7 -1 -2 -3

Above 5 3813168 88.0 - - - Above 5 1084408 76.5 - - -Turkey 57947 1.3 19 25 3 Korea, Republic of 45409 3.2 2 1 5Korea, Republic of 54210 1.3 11 10 -1 Taipei, Chinese 35259 2.5 -2 -1 -4India 35067 0.8 17 28 16 Malaysia 28208 2.0 2 -12 -9Taipei, Chinese 33744 0.8 4 6 -2 India 24368 1.7 12 8 10Russian Federation 23792 0.5 16 24 14 Israel 20952 1.5 7 8 6Singapore 21284 0.5 5 6 -11 Thailand 19232 1.4 4 -1 0Malaysia 20896 0.5 6 9 1 Brazil 16379 1.2 7 -9 2Thailand 20047 0.5 9 23 7 Switzerland 16143 1.1 7 4 20Norway 19201 0.4 9 13 16 Singapore 14202 1.0 -3 5 -15Canada 17850 0.4 6 24 0 Indonesia 11394 0.8 3 6 4Hong Kong, China 15997 0.4 5 -3 11 Viet Nam 10988 0.8 61 32 21South Africa 15701 0.4 12 25 11 Philippines 7487 0.5 -7 -4 -11Brazil 15065 0.3 11 24 7 Russian Federation 6075 0.4 11 -17 45Mexico 13234 0.3 15 21 24 South Africa 5962 0.4 15 7 51Israel 12855 0.3 6 24 5 Hong Kong, China 5425 0.4 -9 -15 -14Ukraine 11187 0.3 22 26 20 Australia 5093 0.4 8 -1 29Indonesia 10688 0.2 4 13 4 Trinidad and Tobago 4414 0.3 24 17 37Tunisia 10279 0.2 12 24 12 Turkey 3899 0.3 5 -20 5Viet Nam 9389 0.2 14 21 16 Bangladesh 3827 0.3 6 5 11Bangladesh 7681 0.2 14 5 15 Pakistan 3676 0.3 6 -3 -1Morocco 7481 0.2 9 23 6 Honduras 3203 0.2 2 3 1Philippines 6656 0.2 1 -3 -4 Dominican Republic 3136 0.2 -3 -9 -7Croatia 5439 0.1 14 16 14 Norway 2757 0.2 11 22 15United Arab Emirates 4783 0.1 16 -7 8 Cambodia 2536 0.2 14 12 -2Pakistan 4710 0.1 10 15 7 Costa Rica 2471 0.2 0 1 0Egypt 4289 0.1 16 25 20 Ukraine 2225 0.2 12 -23 86Serbia 4278 0.1 ... 50 28 Argentina 2139 0.2 9 -4 63Saudi Arabia 4248 0.1 10 9 -3 Sri Lanka 1968 0.1 -1 -5 -5Australia 4031 0.1 4 16 -7 El Salvador 1905 0.1 1 10 6Costa Rica 2734 0.1 11 -1 17 Colombia 1694 0.1 4 -1 -5Sri Lanka 2679 0.1 7 19 11 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1584 0.1 2 -10 15Belarus 2600 0.1 16 14 21 Guatemala 1570 0.1 -1 -13 -5FYR Macedonia 2068 0.0 18 62 2 Egypt 1302 0.1 9 -8 4Bosnia and Herzegovina 2066 0.0 27 23 16 Nicaragua 1175 0.1 16 13 -1Argentina 2031 0.0 10 37 16 Jordan 1122 0.1 41 -8 -16

Above 40 4299377 99.2 - - - Above 40 1403588 99.1 - - -

Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008




European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

65



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 733438 100.0 20 17 8 World 342115 100.0 6 5 9Asia 519865 70.9 21 16 5 Asia 215557 63.0 8 6 11Europe 126308 17.2 20 21 20 Europe 63899 18.7 5 7 7North America 65535 8.9 16 16 11 North America 52323 15.3 0 2 1Middle East 7641 1.0 27 19 18 South and Central America 2273 0.7 12 33 25South and Central America 5885 0.8 34 30 5 Africa 2018 0.6 17 1 12CIS 5247 0.7 6 23 11 Middle East 1835 0.5 5 13 13Africa 2886 0.4 27 40 10 CIS 1717 0.5 25 15 89

Economy Economy Japan 136463 18.6 17 15 10 China 126445 37.0 14 9 13European Union (27) 117895 16.1 20 20 20 European Union (27) 57269 16.7 5 7 6Korea, Republic of 97369 13.3 22 16 5 United States 48264 14.1 -1 1 0Taipei, Chinese 95908 13.1 19 15 1 Korea, Republic of 21734 6.4 5 1 4China 90807 12.4 38 18 8 Taipei, Chinese 17450 5.1 1 -2 8

Above 5 538442 73.4 - - - Above 5 271163 79.3 - - -United States 57741 7.9 16 15 11 Thailand 13455 3.9 8 8 8Malaysia 24093 3.3 25 14 9 Malaysia 9324 2.7 0 -2 12Thailand 19905 2.7 26 28 11 Indonesia 6450 1.9 4 1 9Philippines 18148 2.5 38 28 -13 Switzerland 5710 1.7 8 -2 18Singapore 15191 2.1 18 3 0 Philippines 5670 1.7 0 4 -4Hong Kong, China 10224 1.4 2 14 -5 Viet Nam 4849 1.4 17 17 29Switzerland 6085 0.8 22 32 24 Singapore 4787 1.4 -1 -1 9Canada 5234 0.7 13 27 12 Mexico 2160 0.6 8 17 19Indonesia 3950 0.5 9 1 -4 India 1949 0.6 8 7 15Saudi Arabia 3787 0.5 31 19 4 Canada 1905 0.6 -1 -5 11Russian Federation 3549 0.5 5 9 21 South Africa 1760 0.5 18 0 9India 3125 0.4 22 17 -5 Brazil 1126 0.3 10 30 28Mexico 2560 0.3 25 21 -1 Australia 1102 0.3 4 24 24Brazil 2385 0.3 27 19 28 Hong Kong, China 819 0.2 -6 -12 -7Costa Rica 2256 0.3 101 32 -2 Kazakhstan 810 0.2 36 29 116South Africa 2033 0.3 25 47 4 Israel 807 0.2 0 10 1Israel 1725 0.2 23 26 11 Russian Federation 753 0.2 22 17 60Norway 1716 0.2 28 58 57 Norway 679 0.2 11 28 9Australia 1524 0.2 12 7 -8 Saudi Arabia 613 0.2 11 19 12Viet Nam 1498 0.2 47 44 54 New Zealand 546 0.2 2 19 2Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1096 0.1 40 44 125 Chile 326 0.1 24 27 18Kazakhstan 952 0.1 14 79 0 Costa Rica 292 0.1 8 1 20Pakistan 700 0.1 5 6 -17 Bahamas 225 0.1 30 220 57424Turkey 527 0.1 29 37 35 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 207 0.1 20 63 45Belarus 483 0.1 27 38 -13 Myanmar 204 0.1 29 29 24Morocco 388 0.1 28 11 4 Turkey 183 0.1 15 6 20Argentina 342 0.0 13 4 -6 New Caledonia 178 0.1 14 101 -39New Zealand 324 0.0 8 3 18 Bangladesh 171 0.1 10 14 18Colombia 299 0.0 56 232 -52 Pakistan 158 0.0 -3 -5 42Qatar 299 0.0 18 -24 13 Jordan 123 0.0 6 -9 66United Arab Emirates 251 0.0 58 10 30 Ukraine 121 0.0 16 -35 162Chile 214 0.0 25 -22 26 Cambodia 119 0.0 13 15 -12Ukraine 208 0.0 -8 36 -14 Sri Lanka 93 0.0 -1 4 0Kuwait 199 0.0 6 -18 8 French Polynesia 90 0.0 -3 6 -30Macao, China 193 0.0 10 -1 -8 Morocco 79 0.0 19 21 44

Above 40 731646 99.8 - - - Above 40 339005 99.1 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12.4 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008




China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

66

Table II.31

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008


extra-EU (27) exports 1566.7 - - 14.2 15.0 11 10 17 11China a 1329.6 0.8 1.9 4.7 12.7 25 28 27 17United States 962.8 13.0 12.1 13.8 9.2 5 12 10 7Japan 693.2 11.2 11.5 9.6 6.6 6 7 9 8Korea, Republic of 365.0 1.4 2.5 3.3 3.5 11 12 14 10Hong Kong, China 348.0 - - - - 8 9 9 5

domestic exports 9.7 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.1 -10 -2 -22 -21 re-exports 338.4 - - - - 9 10 10 6

Singapore 236.9 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.3 9 16 6 4 domestic exports 102.6 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.0 6 13 4 -2 re-exports 134.3 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 12 18 8 9

Taipei, Chinese 222.3 1.6 2.6 3.0 2.1 6 18 9 1Canada 213.6 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.0 2 4 4 -5Mexico a 212.3 0.4 1.1 3.0 2.0 5 15 8 4Switzerland 178.9 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.7 12 11 16 15Malaysia a, b 129.9 0.2 0.7 1.7 1.2 6 12 6 4Thailand 127.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.2 12 17 18 9India 112.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 17 13 18 20Turkey 103.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 21 15 26 20

Above 15 9511.5 - - 92.3 90.9 - - - -Importers


United States 1416.7 11.2 15.4 19.7 13.1 5 9 4 1China a, c 733.4 1.1 1.7 3.5 6.8 20 18 17 8Hong Kong, China 348.9 - - - - 8 11 10 5

retained imports 10.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 -9 38 -5 -28Japan 342.1 2.3 4.1 4.3 3.2 6 8 5 9Canada d 308.4 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.9 6 11 7 2Russian Federation b 241.8 - - 0.6 2.2 29 33 40 30Mexico a, d 239.3 1.5 1.3 3.0 2.2 6 14 8 5Korea, Republic of 231.8 0.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 11 12 16 12Singapore 204.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.9 8 15 8 9

retained imports 70.6 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.7 3 11 6 8Switzerland 145.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.3 10 8 18 10Taipei, Chinese 143.3 0.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 3 5 4 0Australia d 136.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 11 6 17 16India 127.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 24 15 29 27United Arab Emirates b 126.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.2 20 16 32 20

Above 15 8743.3 - - 85.5 80.9 - - - -

d Imports are valued f.o.b. c In 2008, China reported imports of manufactures from China amounting to 90.8 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.

Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.


Share in world exports/imports

b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

67

Table II.32

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 2391.15 | 4698.18 8259.69 9520.23 10458.11 74.8 66.5Argentina 3.57 8.53 14.78 17.25 21.58 32.4 30.6Australia 7.10 15.16 22.20 26.09 29.00 23.7 15.5Bangladesh b, c 1.21 5.88 10.68 10.91 13.46 92.0 87.6Belarus - 4.88 9.92 12.91 17.20 66.6 52.3Brazil 16.14 31.65 68.41 74.90 86.41 57.5 43.7Cambodia c ... 1.33 3.43 3.89 4.06 95.7 94.4Canada 73.31 175.64 215.38 224.49 213.57 63.5 46.8Chile 0.83 2.79 6.00 6.69 8.10 14.5 12.2China d 44.31 219.86 895.39 1134.73 1329.64 88.2 93.1Colombia 1.70 4.24 8.68 11.75 11.85 32.5 31.5Costa Rica c, d 0.39 3.98 5.18 5.58 6.10 67.8 63.0Croatia ... 3.21 6.80 8.42 9.80 72.5 69.4Dominican Republic c, d 1.51 | 5.03 5.64 6.11 5.65 87.7 81.4Egypt c 1.47 1.92 7.68 8.84 8.74 40.9 34.3El Salvador c, d 0.33 2.25 2.90 2.99 3.36 76.5 73.9European Union (27) - 2012.01 3663.01 4256.81 4614.31 82.0 78.2 intra-EU (27) exports - 1345.41 2457.53 2850.88 3047.57 80.7 76.7 extra-EU (27) exports - 666.61 1205.48 1405.93 1566.74 84.9 81.4Guatemala c 0.28 0.87 | 3.32 3.42 3.63 32.1 46.9Hong Kong, China 75.64 192.50 304.75 331.16 348.03 95.0 94.0 domestic exports 27.41 22.14 15.76 12.26 9.65 94.1 56.9 re-exports 48.23 170.35 288.99 318.89 338.38 95.1 95.8India e 12.52 32.76 79.84 93.86 112.19 77.3 63.2Indonesia d 9.04 36.94 44.73 48.24 52.70 56.5 37.8Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 0.69 1.98 6.07 7.44 11.23 6.9 9.9Israel e 10.43 29.55 44.30 50.67 56.37 94.1 92.7Japan 275.15 449.69 586.52 640.87 693.24 93.8 88.6Jordan 0.59 0.95 3.60 4.49 5.92 50.2 76.0Kazakhstan - 1.45 4.23 6.32 9.79 16.4 13.8Korea, Republic of 60.60 154.90 290.13 330.41 365.01 89.9 86.5Malaysia c, d 15.82 78.93 117.91 125.01 129.87 80.4 65.1Mexico d 25.26 138.65 189.13 204.22 212.25 83.3 72.8Morocco d 2.21 4.76 8.24 9.52 11.86 64.1 58.9New Zealand 2.39 3.99 6.72 7.47 7.74 30.0 25.3Norway 11.13 13.32 19.53 24.54 30.74 22.2 17.8Pakistan 4.39 7.64 13.77 14.29 14.88 84.7 73.2Philippines c, d 5.59 34.77 40.84 42.84 40.54 87.4 82.7Russian Federation - 24.81 59.56 71.19 94.20 23.5 20.0Saudi Arabia c 3.66 5.96 20.14 24.84 26.85 7.7 8.6Serbia ... ... 4.05 5.79 7.42 ... 67.6Serbia and Montenegro ... 1.05 ... ... ... 60.9 57.2Singapore 37.49 117.68 | 214.09 227.10 236.85 85.4 70.0 domestic exports 23.20 63.28 | 100.73 104.38 102.59 80.4 58.4 re-exports 14.28 54.40 | 113.36 122.72 134.27 92.0 82.6South Africa c, e 8.32 20.23 32.17 38.14 44.00 67.5 54.5Sri Lanka c 1.02 4.14 4.78 5.28 5.74 76.3 68.0Switzerland 59.59 72.43 | 133.81 155.49 178.88 90.0 89.3Taipei, Chinese 62.03 141.04 202.37 220.50 222.30 95.1 87.0Thailand 14.58 51.66 98.32 116.46 127.16 74.8 71.5Trinidad and Tobago c 0.56 1.23 2.93 3.82 4.68 28.8 27.7Tunisia c 2.42 4.50 8.39 10.58 13.82 77.0 71.6Turkey 8.78 22.31 68.99 86.65 103.77 80.3 78.6Ukraine - 9.77 27.60 36.23 46.66 67.1 69.6United Arab Emirates c 2.86 13.46 60.91 85.11 89.98 27.0 38.9United States 290.49 648.91 818.78 897.20 962.82 83.0 74.8Viet Nam c ... 6.18 20.38 26.44 32.73 42.6 52.0

a Or nearest year. b Figures refer to fiscal year. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Includes significant exports from processing zones. e Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 13 per cent for India , 45 per cent for Israel and 8 per cent for South Africa.

Value

Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

68

Table II.33

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 6.66 6.10 16.16 20.70 29.21 66.5 74.0Argentina 3.10 21.91 29.56 38.07 47.58 87.1 82.9Australia b 32.40 59.08 101.02 118.06 136.90 83.0 71.5Bangladesh c, d 1.92 5.14 9.43 9.56 12.26 57.9 51.4Belarus - 4.24 10.73 13.87 19.23 49.0 48.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5.05 11.81 26.57 36.53 35.62 81.0 71.8Brazil e 12.62 41.01 64.12 77.12 122.00 73.4 70.5Canada b 92.90 200.75 280.39 301.32 308.36 83.6 75.5Chile 5.29 11.86 22.48 26.38 34.08 64.1 55.0China f 42.39 169.88 579.50 677.50 733.44 75.5 64.8Colombia 4.28 9.19 21.53 27.01 31.80 79.6 80.2Costa Rica f 1.50 5.28 8.66 9.48 11.27 82.8 73.3Côte d'Ivoire d ... 1.15 2.41 2.85 3.32 41.1 46.5Croatia ... 5.78 15.48 18.86 21.65 73.3 70.4Dominican Republic b, d, f 2.07 7.01 8.00 8.79 9.58 73.9 59.5Ecuador 1.51 2.63 8.40 9.12 12.27 70.8 65.7European Union (27) g - 1953.94 3471.62 4045.24 4335.02 75.7 69.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 615.86 1015.63 1194.36 1287.45 67.2 56.4Guatemala f 1.14 3.43 | 8.47 9.19 9.47 71.7 65.1Hong Kong, China 70.53 192.66 304.53 333.62 348.93 90.0 88.8 retained imports 22.30 22.31 15.54 14.73 10.55 63.9 37.9India h 12.17 22.44 77.45 99.98 127.13 43.6 43.3Indonesia d, f 16.64 30.48 52.80 57.10 76.86 69.9 60.9Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 15.49 9.96 27.81 33.36 40.48 71.6 70.5Iraq d ... 2.09 5.27 5.98 8.26 15.8 26.5Israel h 11.68 29.04 35.71 42.00 45.40 77.1 67.1Japan 100.28 212.67 298.18 314.45 342.12 56.0 44.9Jordan 1.34 2.65 6.53 7.75 9.31 57.5 55.1Kazakhstan - 3.69 18.41 25.91 27.83 73.2 73.4Kenya d 1.40 1.72 4.54 5.58 6.40 55.3 57.7Korea, Republic of 44.11 98.16 177.61 206.19 231.84 61.2 53.3Kuwait d 2.61 5.55 13.13 16.78 18.96 77.5 76.2Lebanon b, d ... 3.48 | 5.38 7.16 11.61 55.8 69.3Malaysia d, f 22.87 68.13 101.00 110.68 114.20 83.1 72.8Mexico b, f 32.49 149.80 211.56 227.88 239.34 85.9 77.5Morocco f 4.22 7.25 14.59 19.42 23.65 62.9 56.6New Zealand 7.56 10.81 19.25 22.53 23.37 77.7 68.0Nigeria d 4.92 4.36 16.46 21.32 28.57 50.0 68.5Norway d 21.40 27.48 50.25 61.54 68.62 79.9 76.8Oman 1.81 3.46 8.54 12.92 18.21 67.5 79.2Pakistan 3.99 5.09 16.59 17.85 19.83 46.8 46.9Peru d 1.61 5.21 10.39 13.39 19.59 70.3 65.3Philippines 8.96 28.83 40.18 41.73 39.03 77.9 64.7Qatar d 1.32 2.75 13.65 19.98 24.05 84.4 89.6Russian Federation d - 31.17 132.71 185.62 241.84 69.8 82.9Saudi Arabia d 18.23 22.05 55.57 72.27 87.85 72.9 76.3Serbia ... ... 8.57 12.89 15.32 ... 66.6Serbia and Montenegro ... 2.35 ... ... ... 63.3 64.8Singapore 44.35 109.78 | 174.91 188.03 204.84 81.6 64.1 retained imports 30.07 55.39 | 61.55 65.32 70.57 73.4 44.9South Africa b, d 13.43 19.21 49.03 56.28 59.04 71.7 67.4Sri Lanka d 1.71 4.90 6.46 6.86 8.10 68.2 57.9Switzerland 58.01 67.65 111.98 132.23 145.76 82.0 79.6Syrian Arab Republic d 1.48 2.47 | 5.98 6.97 8.24 64.7 45.0Taipei, Chinese 36.77 110.41 137.70 143.55 143.27 78.9 59.6Thailand d 24.83 46.95 85.94 97.90 114.39 75.8 64.0Trinidad and Tobago 0.64 1.86 3.34 3.85 4.83 56.1 48.4Tunisia d 3.91 6.46 10.55 13.51 15.91 75.4 64.6Turkey 13.63 38.16 88.88 107.03 117.91 70.0 58.4Ukraine - 5.74 26.82 37.37 50.65 41.1 59.2United Arab Emirates d 8.63 29.47 79.17 104.74 126.19 84.2 76.2United States 375.65 968.21 1350.21 1409.46 1416.73 76.9 65.3Viet Nam d 2.18 11.38 29.84 43.95 52.50 72.8 65.3

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. h Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 9 per cent for India and 24 per cent for Israel.

Value

Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

69

4.1. Iron and steel

Table II.34

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 587.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 27 23Europe

World 263.8 100.0 100.0 49.9 44.9 18 28 15Europe 201.7 80.0 76.5 39.9 34.3 17 31 10Middle East 17.5 2.4 6.6 1.2 3.0 34 27 69Asia 13.7 4.4 5.2 2.2 2.3 20 24 17North America 12.7 8.9 4.8 4.4 2.2 9 0 15Africa 10.3 2.1 3.9 1.1 1.7 27 30 58Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.9 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.7 28 38 15South and Central America 3.5 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.6 19 17 57

AsiaWorld 180.9 100.0 100.0 25.0 30.8 22 32 29Asia 101.0 68.0 55.9 17.0 17.2 19 28 28Europe 24.4 7.9 13.5 2.0 4.2 31 62 6North America 24.2 17.5 13.4 4.4 4.1 18 -4 44Middle East 15.9 3.6 8.8 0.9 2.7 37 69 26Africa 6.0 1.4 3.3 0.3 1.0 37 49 56South and Central America 5.6 1.5 3.1 0.4 1.0 34 68 84Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.6 0.2 2.0 0.1 0.6 62 103 66

ChinaWorld 71.0 100.0 100.0 3.1 12.1 42 58 38Asia 27.5 56.4 38.7 1.7 4.7 35 52 36Europe 14.3 13.7 20.1 0.4 2.4 49 75 4North America 12.1 23.9 17.1 0.7 2.1 36 1 62Middle East 7.5 3.6 10.5 0.1 1.3 62 193 43Africa 3.4 1.1 4.8 0.0 0.6 70 85 105South and Central America 3.3 1.0 4.6 0.0 0.6 72 113 98Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 0.4 4.1 0.0 0.5 92 190 78

Other economies in AsiaWorld 109.9 100.0 100.0 22.0 18.7 17 21 23Asia 73.5 69.6 66.9 15.3 12.5 16 22 25North America 12.1 16.6 11.0 3.6 2.1 11 -7 30Europe 10.1 7.1 9.2 1.6 1.7 21 46 8Middle East 8.5 3.6 7.7 0.8 1.4 29 30 15Africa 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.4 24 29 18South and Central America 2.4 1.6 2.1 0.3 0.4 22 34 67Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.1 37 10 29

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 66.8 100.0 100.0 9.7 11.4 22 25 40Europe 28.3 27.1 42.3 2.6 4.8 29 28 48Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14.5 16.2 21.7 1.6 2.5 26 41 27Asia 8.3 31.0 12.4 3.0 1.4 9 19 52Middle East 7.7 8.3 11.5 0.8 1.3 27 74 24North America 3.3 8.0 5.0 0.8 0.6 15 -42 58Africa 3.1 5.9 4.6 0.6 0.5 18 10 26South and Central America 1.3 2.9 2.0 0.3 0.2 16 -16 55


Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

70

Table II.35


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 240019 100.0 18 35 10 World 49713 100.0 13 -3 30Europe 187410 78.1 17 31 10 Asia 17751 35.7 16 -1 36Asia 21124 8.8 31 102 -1 North America 11070 22.3 13 8 31CIS 18225 7.6 27 26 30 Europe 9783 19.7 7 -3 11Africa 4866 2.0 19 22 21 South and Central America 5743 11.6 13 5 24South and Central America 4276 1.8 17 38 -12 CIS 3886 7.8 14 -37 68North America 3631 1.5 19 72 13 Africa 1364 2.7 11 -31 61Middle East 436 0.2 12 -25 -4 Middle East 115 0.2 11 -32 113

Economy Economy European Union (27) 176709 73.6 17 30 10 European Union (27) 8618 17.3 7 7 4China 11242 4.7 52 131 -4 China 7707 15.5 35 13 46Russian Federation 9606 4.0 24 28 26 Canada 7583 15.3 13 12 30Ukraine 6174 2.6 30 23 27 Brazil 3591 7.2 12 -4 22Turkey 3822 1.6 22 55 -6 Mexico 3486 7.0 13 0 33

Above 5 207552 86.5 - - - Above 5 30985 62.3 - - -India 3434 1.4 39 73 23 Korea, Republic of 2699 5.4 11 -14 50South Africa 3396 1.4 19 19 31 Japan 2475 5.0 6 -7 25Korea, Republic of 2639 1.1 23 127 10 India 2248 4.5 23 14 73Norway 2433 1.0 15 37 44 Russian Federation 1828 3.7 16 -51 46United States 2314 1.0 17 79 6 Ukraine 1533 3.1 15 -21 106Brazil 2211 0.9 16 48 -6 Taipei, Chinese 1292 2.6 8 -17 -8Switzerland 2038 0.8 12 24 15 South Africa 1275 2.6 12 0 57Japan 1218 0.5 13 24 17 Turkey 846 1.7 19 -70 152Kazakhstan 1185 0.5 28 5 125 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 679 1.4 9 -25 76Taipei, Chinese 1180 0.5 17 87 -21 Australia 637 1.3 12 -8 25Serbia 1122 0.5 ... 34 27 Trinidad and Tobago 554 1.1 26 153 32FYR Macedonia 936 0.4 25 89 -14 Kazakhstan 374 0.8 9 73 52Egypt 760 0.3 31 33 13 Thailand 326 0.7 5 -22 16Belarus 719 0.3 34 16 31 Argentina 314 0.6 7 2 109Mexico 694 0.3 22 40 0 Colombia 256 0.5 24 27 3Canada 623 0.3 28 110 81 Dominican Republic 215 0.4 14 47 -43Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 601 0.3 26 27 -24 Norway 210 0.4 7 -24 82Indonesia 459 0.2 19 67 -9 Georgia 144 0.3 58 107 96Colombia 451 0.2 12 28 -33 Malaysia 139 0.3 9 -35 -43Chile 390 0.2 58 4 -4 Chile 121 0.2 28 72 27Dominican Republic 351 0.1 17 46 6 Zimbabwe 89 0.2 12 -46 267Moldova 265 0.1 35 207 31 Switzerland 65 0.1 3 12 -13New Caledonia 259 0.1 8 81 -54 New Zealand 57 0.1 4 -13 -24Iran, Islamic Rep. of 258 0.1 11 -37 -19 Viet Nam 46 0.1 64 -40 464Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 244 0.1 22 22 -10 New Caledonia 45 0.1 4 77 -39Armenia 232 0.1 55 39 9 Philippines 44 0.1 16 82 -6Argentina 216 0.1 3 90 -17 FYR Macedonia 44 0.1 2 289 12Australia 211 0.1 7 115 -26 United Arab Emirates 40 0.1 19 -49 416Tunisia 191 0.1 17 13 14 Israel 34 0.1 0 6 7Thailand 175 0.1 4 52 -37 Oman 24 0.0 40 -56 424

Above 35 238755 99.5 - - - Above 35 49638 99.8 - - -

Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2008





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

71

Table II.36

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008


extra-EU (27) exports 61.7 - - 11.5 10.5 18 12 21 18China 71.0 0.3 1.2 3.1 12.1 42 69 58 38Japan 44.1 20.1 11.8 10.4 7.5 15 9 15 28Russian Federation 33.1 - - 5.1 5.6 21 6 17 41Ukraine 25.5 - - 3.6 4.3 22 17 27 35Korea, Republic of 25.0 2.2 3.4 4.7 4.3 18 10 19 33United States 20.1 4.2 3.3 4.4 3.4 16 11 19 33Turkey 16.8 0.0 1.4 1.3 2.9 32 24 32 76Brazil 13.7 1.1 3.4 2.5 2.3 18 4 7 35Taipei, Chinese 12.7 0.4 0.8 3.2 2.2 14 15 21 4India 11.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.9 31 27 27 35Canada 9.3 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.6 14 11 14 31South Africa 8.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.5 16 -2 30 19Mexico 6.1 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 17 11 12 29Kazakhstan 5.9 - - 0.8 1.0 24 4 67 68

Above 15 541.8 - - 92.4 92.3 - - - -Importers


United States 49.7 10.1 9.5 12.3 8.1 13 30 -3 30Korea, Republic of 33.6 1.2 2.9 3.4 5.5 26 6 35 56China 27.1 2.7 2.5 6.2 4.4 14 -18 12 12Turkey 15.0 0.4 1.1 1.5 2.5 26 21 39 33Thailand 13.6 0.6 2.4 1.8 2.2 22 -10 58 9Canada 12.8 1.6 2.0 3.4 2.1 12 16 -4 19Taipei, Chinese 11.8 1.4 2.5 3.0 1.9 12 -8 16 28Japan 11.5 1.1 4.1 2.3 1.9 15 -10 28 38Saudi Arabia 10.7 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 34 71 33 41Mexico 9.8 2.2 1.0 2.5 1.6 12 24 1 24India 9.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.6 36 25 50 15Indonesia 8.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5 24 -12 29 103Russian Federation 8.6 - - 1.0 1.4 24 40 46 2Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8.1 ... ... 1.0 1.3 23 9 51 -2

Above 15 470.9 - - 80.9 76.8 - - - -

c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2008



Value Annual percentage change Share in world exports/imports


ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

72

4.2. Chemicals

Table II.37

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1705.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14 19 15Europe

World 992.7 100.0 100.0 58.5 58.2 14 19 13Europe 715.4 70.8 72.1 41.4 41.9 15 20 12North America 101.8 11.7 10.3 6.9 6.0 12 11 6Asia 72.6 8.4 7.3 4.9 4.3 12 16 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 32.9 1.4 3.3 0.8 1.9 27 26 22Africa 21.0 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.2 14 21 18Middle East 19.8 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 13 18 17South and Central America 18.8 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 12 24 25

AsiaWorld 325.5 100.0 100.0 17.3 19.1 16 21 13Asia 203.3 65.1 62.4 11.3 11.9 15 20 11Europe 50.2 14.5 15.4 2.5 2.9 17 26 11North America 35.1 14.2 10.8 2.5 2.1 12 14 14South and Central America 10.8 1.8 3.3 0.3 0.6 25 38 49Middle East 9.8 1.9 3.0 0.3 0.6 23 40 27Africa 9.6 1.7 2.9 0.3 0.6 24 39 24Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.4 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.3 30 37 23

ChinaWorld 79.3 100.0 100.0 2.1 4.7 26 35 32Asia 34.0 43.6 42.9 0.9 2.0 26 40 27Europe 17.0 26.1 21.5 0.5 1.0 23 28 27North America 13.8 20.3 17.4 0.4 0.8 24 20 38South and Central America 5.6 3.6 7.1 0.1 0.3 38 57 55Middle East 3.0 2.8 3.8 0.1 0.2 31 48 32Africa 2.9 2.6 3.7 0.1 0.2 32 41 43Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 1.1 3.6 0.0 0.2 47 62 30

Other economies in AsiaWorld 246.2 100.0 100.0 15.2 14.4 14 18 8Asia 169.3 68.1 68.8 10.4 9.9 14 17 8Europe 33.1 13.0 13.5 2.0 1.9 14 25 5North America 21.4 13.4 8.7 2.0 1.3 8 12 3Middle East 6.7 1.8 2.7 0.3 0.4 20 37 24Africa 6.6 1.6 2.7 0.2 0.4 21 38 16South and Central America 5.1 1.5 2.1 0.2 0.3 18 23 44Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.5 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 21 18 16

North AmericaWorld 228.9 100.0 100.0 17.6 13.4 11 15 15North America 79.9 39.1 34.9 6.9 4.7 9 6 10Europe 63.4 25.3 27.7 4.4 3.7 12 20 8Asia 52.3 23.3 22.8 4.1 3.1 10 18 22South and Central America 26.6 10.0 11.6 1.8 1.6 13 25 32Middle East 3.2 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 14 40 18Africa 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.1 12 27 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 17 38 33


Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

73

Table II.38

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008


extra-EU (27) exports 301.1 - - 18.8 17.7 13 13 17 11United States 179.6 14.8 13.3 14.1 10.5 10 13 14 16China a 79.3 0.8 1.3 2.1 4.7 26 24 35 32Japan 69.1 4.7 5.3 6.0 4.1 9 10 13 6Switzerland 68.9 4.0 4.7 3.7 4.0 15 14 15 16Korea, Republic of 42.7 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.5 15 15 18 14Canada 37.9 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 12 13 18 9Singapore 31.9 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.9 16 18 9 -5

domestic exports 24.2 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.4 18 20 7 -9 re-exports 7.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 11 11 17 10

Taipei, Chinese 31.1 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.8 16 12 28 9Russian Federation 27.9 - - 1.2 1.6 19 11 26 47India 20.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 21 24 17 22Hong Kong, China 17.4 - - - - 7 10 10 2

domestic exports 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 7 13 14 3 re-exports 16.0 - - - - 7 10 9 2

Saudi Arabia b 15.8 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 18 9 19 11Israel 15.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 18 19 17 44Thailand 13.8 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.8 16 17 17 13Above 15 1545.9 - - 92.4 90.6 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 795.9 - - 44.7 45.8 14 12 20 13

extra-EU (27) imports 186.3 - - 10.7 10.7 14 14 21 13United States 180.9 6.2 7.7 12.5 10.4 11 11 9 14China a 119.0 2.0 2.2 5.0 6.8 19 12 23 11Japan 55.4 4.1 5.0 4.3 3.2 10 10 11 21Canada c 42.1 2.2 2.5 3.3 2.4 10 14 9 5Switzerland 37.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 14 9 21 4Korea, Republic of 36.5 1.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 13 13 18 13Brazil 34.0 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.0 17 13 39 48India 33.8 ... 1.0 0.8 1.9 28 17 28 63Mexico a, c 33.8 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.9 11 12 10 12Taipei, Chinese 30.4 1.3 2.3 2.6 1.7 9 14 10 6Russian Federation b 27.0 - - 0.8 1.5 24 35 15 28Turkey 25.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 17 12 20 16Hong Kong, China 22.0 - - - - 6 8 7 3

retained imports 6.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 6 3 1 4Australia c 19.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 12 4 19 19Above 15 1477.3 - - 85.6 84.9 - - - -

Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2008


c Imports are valued f.o.b.





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

74

Table II.39

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 293.3 65.1 68.7 19 12 19 14

extra-EU (27) exports 112.8 28.6 26.4 18 16 19 12Switzerland 44.2 9.6 10.4 20 20 16 22United States 38.3 12.1 9.0 14 13 15 14China a 8.1 1.6 1.9 21 19 34 34Canada 6.2 1.1 1.4 22 34 32 0India 5.8 1.0 1.4 22 27 32 27Singapore 5.0 0.9 1.2 22 79 19 -21

domestic exports 4.1 0.5 1.0 28 95 19 -24 re-exports 0.9 0.4 0.2 9 19 24 -3

Israel 4.8 0.4 1.1 35 53 11 38Japan 3.7 2.5 0.9 4 -4 0 15Australia 3.3 1.1 0.8 14 6 25 3Hong Kong, China 1.5 - - 10 41 25 26

domestic exports 0.3 0.1 0.1 12 8 15 17 re-exports 1.3 - - 9 53 28 28

Mexico a 1.5 0.8 0.3 7 -4 10 0Brazil 1.1 0.2 0.2 19 31 22 29Korea, Republic of 1.0 0.3 0.2 15 20 34 25Norway 0.7 0.2 0.2 15 3 27 7

Above 15 417.2 97.2 97.8 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 240.5 51.2 56.4 20 11 17 16 extra-EU (27) imports 59.9 15.3 14.0 17 15 12 21

United States 59.9 13.4 14.0 19 18 17 11Switzerland 17.8 4.7 4.2 17 14 13 6Japan 11.4 4.3 2.7 11 7 6 22Canada b 11.0 3.4 2.6 14 21 10 4Russian Federation c 9.2 1.1 2.2 29 52 20 35Australia b 7.1 2.1 1.7 15 1 21 7China a 5.5 0.9 1.3 25 18 43 42Brazil 5.0 1.6 1.2 14 26 32 24Turkey 4.7 1.2 1.1 17 5 15 23Mexico a, b 4.6 1.3 1.1 16 22 12 19Korea, Republic of 3.4 0.7 0.8 20 30 23 9Saudi Arabia c 2.8 0.8 0.7 16 12 15 27Ukraine 2.5 0.3 0.6 31 32 39 25Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 2.0 0.3 0.5 22 63 37 16

Above 15 387.3 87.3 90.8 - - - -


Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2008




Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

75

4.3. Offi ce and telecom equipment

Table II.40

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1561.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 4 3Asia

World 909.8 100.0 100.0 47.3 58.3 9 10 3Asia 461.6 48.5 50.7 22.9 29.6 10 11 2North America 202.3 29.4 22.2 13.9 13.0 5 3 -1Europe 201.2 20.0 22.1 9.4 12.9 10 15 6South and Central America 14.1 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.9 17 15 25Middle East 13.4 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.9 18 17 28Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 37 56 20Africa 7.9 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 23 24 30

ChinaWorld 382.2 100.0 100.0 4.5 24.5 31 21 10Asia 128.2 37.3 33.6 1.7 8.2 29 21 12Europe 118.1 25.2 30.9 1.1 7.6 35 31 11North America 109.8 34.2 28.7 1.5 7.0 28 11 1South and Central America 8.5 1.4 2.2 0.1 0.5 39 44 38Middle East 6.8 0.9 1.8 0.0 0.4 43 38 52Africa 5.5 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 47 43 47Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.3 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.3 56 49 24

Other economies in AsiaWorld 527.6 100.0 100.0 42.8 33.8 3 4 -1Asia 333.3 49.7 63.2 21.2 21.3 6 8 -1North America 92.5 28.9 17.5 12.4 5.9 -3 -5 -4Europe 83.1 19.4 15.8 8.3 5.3 0 1 -1Middle East 6.6 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.4 10 5 10South and Central America 5.6 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.4 7 -7 9Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.6 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 23 69 11Africa 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 8 2 3

EuropeWorld 414.6 100.0 100.0 29.7 26.6 5 -6 1Europe 312.7 74.7 75.4 22.2 20.0 5 -9 2Asia 39.4 11.0 9.5 3.3 2.5 3 7 2North America 17.3 7.7 4.2 2.3 1.1 -3 -3 -2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 17.0 1.0 4.1 0.3 1.1 25 16 5Middle East 12.5 1.8 3.0 0.5 0.8 12 -7 -7Africa 11.8 1.9 2.8 0.6 0.8 10 9 2South and Central America 3.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 4 -8 9

North AmericaWorld 208.1 100.0 100.0 21.5 13.3 0 3 2North America 96.5 44.3 46.4 9.5 6.2 1 6 2Asia 58.0 31.2 27.9 6.7 3.7 -1 -2 -2Europe 29.0 17.4 14.0 3.7 1.9 -3 2 0South and Central America 19.9 5.4 9.6 1.2 1.3 7 11 14Middle East 2.7 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 2 8 19Africa 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 6 -19 6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 8 17 -9


Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

76

Table II.41


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 536164 100.0 6 -3 3 World 259944 100.0 2 4 -1Europe 291554 54.4 5 -10 1 Asia 198664 76.4 3 2 -1Asia 208510 38.9 10 9 7 North America 45234 17.4 1 15 -1North America 29028 5.4 -4 1 -8 Europe 13488 5.2 -2 -2 7South and Central America 2892 0.5 10 -5 14 Middle East 1316 0.5 -5 -3 -14Middle East 1912 0.4 -1 -33 -3 South and Central America 1080 0.4 -7 -16 -10Africa 1247 0.2 11 16 1 Africa 140 0.1 -3 -1 4CIS 685 0.1 20 81 8 CIS 22 0.0 1 39 -12

Economy Economy European Union (27) 286071 53.4 5 -10 1 China 105360 40.5 21 9 2China 108931 20.3 29 20 13 Mexico 38533 14.8 4 18 0United States 24155 4.5 -5 2 -13 Malaysia 21369 8.2 1 -16 -12Japan 22510 4.2 -1 0 3 Japan 19226 7.4 -8 -5 -4Korea, Republic of 19865 3.7 9 9 -1 Korea, Republic of 15754 6.1 -3 4 10

Above 5 461532 86.1 - - - Above 5 200242 77.0 - - -Taipei, Chinese 16045 3.0 2 0 -6 Taipei, Chinese 13629 5.2 -4 -2 -7Malaysia 12804 2.4 5 3 -2 European Union (27) 12644 4.9 -2 -3 5Singapore 8069 1.5 -3 -21 -10 Thailand 8982 3.5 6 2 3Thailand 6398 1.2 9 14 13 Singapore 7177 2.8 -8 -4 -17Hong Kong, China 5552 1.0 8 -13 40 Canada 6701 2.6 -10 -1 -4Philippines 4348 0.8 0 -6 -7 Philippines 3322 1.3 -11 -6 -11Mexico 3102 0.6 12 2 66 Indonesia 1637 0.6 -3 10 10Costa Rica 2526 0.5 10 -3 17 Israel 1306 0.5 -5 -1 -14Turkey 2177 0.4 11 -16 -18 Hong Kong, China 933 0.4 -8 -2 -5Switzerland 1799 0.3 0 -28 -3 Costa Rica 666 0.3 -6 6 2Canada 1769 0.3 -6 -7 -18 Viet Nam 605 0.2 163 51 31Indonesia 1690 0.3 4 15 -9 India 468 0.2 25 -19 77Israel 1353 0.3 -3 14 -1 Norway 443 0.2 15 24 43India 1255 0.2 35 36 127 Switzerland 386 0.1 0 3 65Norway 1163 0.2 7 15 33 Brazil 249 0.1 -13 -47 -21

Above 20 531582 99.1 - - - Above 20 259389 99.8 - - -


Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008




ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

77



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 231489 100.0 23 14 2 World 72554 100.0 2 1 4Asia 205491 88.8 26 15 2 Asia 60756 83.7 5 3 6North America 13608 5.9 11 9 6 North America 8250 11.4 -7 -6 -7Europe 9281 4.0 3 9 -4 Europe 2959 4.1 -6 -6 9South and Central America 2261 1.0 97 29 -1 South and Central America 270 0.4 3 -2 16Middle East 512 0.2 21 40 2 Middle East 187 0.3 5 1 80Africa 285 0.1 30 12 -12 Africa 11 0.0 -3 -14 -8CIS 50 0.0 3 -20 35 CIS 3 0.0 15 -17 -40

Economy Economy China 47517 20.5 43 9 11 China 30604 42.2 22 7 13Taipei, Chinese 36404 15.7 27 16 1 Taipei, Chinese 8239 11.4 -2 -8 0Korea, Republic of 33780 14.6 29 14 -1 Korea, Republic of 7471 10.3 2 15 -8Japan 28169 12.2 15 14 0 United States 7306 10.1 -8 -7 -9Malaysia 18403 8.0 28 14 7 Malaysia 4529 6.2 -4 -3 15

Above 5 164273 71.0 - - - Above 5 58150 80.1 - - -Philippines 16564 7.2 40 29 -15 Thailand 3302 4.6 4 3 -5Thailand 12734 5.5 33 36 19 European Union (27) 2890 4.0 -6 -7 10United States 11400 4.9 10 7 5 Singapore 2620 3.6 -4 -7 1European Union (27) 8999 3.9 3 8 -5 Philippines 2368 3.3 -6 -4 -17Singapore 6380 2.8 17 -7 -4 Indonesia 830 1.1 0 3 14Hong Kong, China 3291 1.4 5 26 -8 Mexico 637 0.9 3 12 26Costa Rica 2232 1.0 102 32 -2 Viet Nam 575 0.8 46 47 136Indonesia 1574 0.7 24 -1 -4 Canada 308 0.4 -4 -15 -17Mexico 1271 0.5 21 28 -2 Costa Rica 263 0.4 7 0 15Canada 937 0.4 14 1 34 Hong Kong, China 224 0.3 -10 -1 -20Israel 504 0.2 21 40 1 Israel 184 0.3 5 1 79Viet Nam 456 0.2 75 214 113 India 37 0.1 28 75 164Morocco 280 0.1 31 14 -13 Norway 36 0.1 12 46 36Switzerland 167 0.1 18 17 -17 Switzerland 33 0.0 -12 31 -26Norway 109 0.0 29 71 105 Australia 16 0.0 -14 54 -34

Above 20 231171 99.9 - - - Above 20 72472 99.9 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 20.5 per cent of its office and telecom equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008




China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

78

Table II.42

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 405.8 - - 29.2 26.0 5 15 -6 1

extra-EU (27) exports 119.7 - - 8.7 7.7 5 -3 4 1China 382.2 0.1 1.0 4.5 24.5 31 27 21 10Hong Kong, China 146.6 - - - - 14 14 9 7

domestic exports 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 -9 1 -47 -1 re-exports 144.8 - - - - 15 14 11 8

United States 137.4 19.5 17.3 15.8 8.8 -1 8 -1 2Singapore 121.0 3.2 6.4 7.6 7.7 6 16 2 1

domestic exports 51.1 2.5 4.9 4.3 3.3 3 22 0 -8 re-exports 69.9 0.7 1.5 3.3 4.5 10 11 4 8

Japan 103.3 21.1 22.5 11.2 6.6 -1 2 4 0Korea, Republic of 88.1 2.0 4.8 6.1 5.6 5 1 11 -5Taipei, Chinese 69.7 3.2 4.7 6.0 4.5 2 26 1 -3Malaysia 67.7 1.4 2.7 5.4 4.3 3 13 1 -1Mexico 56.3 0.1 1.5 3.5 3.6 7 22 16 5Thailand 32.5 0.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 7 23 9 1Philippines 25.7 0.1 0.6 2.6 1.6 0 9 10 -10Canada 14.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 0.9 -5 8 3 -6United Arab Emirates 11.4 ... ... 0.2 0.7 28 -1 22 2Israel 6.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 -1 12 9 -3

Above 15 1523.4 - - 97.2 97.6 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 536.2 - - 34.0 32.1 6 17 -3 3 extra-EU (27) imports 250.1 - - 14.7 15.0 7 10 7 4

United States 259.9 15.9 21.1 21.3 15.5 2 9 3 -1China 231.5 0.6 1.3 4.4 13.8 23 23 14 2Hong Kong, China 148.2 - - - - 12 16 10 4

retained imports 3.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.2 -16 40 -7 -56Singapore 87.3 2.6 4.5 5.4 5.2 6 15 2 0

retained imports 17.4 1.9 2.9 2.2 1.0 -3 25 -1 -23Japan 72.6 2.6 3.7 6.0 4.3 2 3 1 4Korea, Republic of 47.9 1.3 2.6 3.4 2.9 4 7 13 5Mexico 47.9 0.9 1.5 2.9 2.9 6 18 4 9Malaysia 45.7 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.7 4 10 5 -5Taipei, Chinese 39.5 1.4 2.5 3.8 2.4 0 7 -2 -3Canada 33.1 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.0 1 9 5 3United Arab Emirates 23.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.4 25 8 -1 51Thailand 22.3 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 6 9 5 2Russian Federation 21.2 - - 0.3 1.3 28 14 32 12Philippines 20.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.2 4 6 5 -18

Above 15 1491.8 - - 92.3 89.2 - - - -

d Imports are valued f.o.b.

b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of office and telecom equipment from China amounting to $47.5 billion. For further information, see the Metadata.

Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

79

Table II.43

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 298551 | 968714 1456071 1519459 1561384 15.4 9.9Argentina 119 94 121 151 150 0.4 0.2Australia 741 1781 1759 1969 2150 2.8 1.1Belarus - 99 90 99 104 1.4 0.3Brazil 692 2317 3979 2678 3162 4.2 1.6Canada 5622 20631 14751 15189 14262 7.5 3.1China b 3126 43498 287316 347798 382213 17.5 26.8Costa Rica b 0 1688 2004 2407 2175 28.8 22.5Croatia ... 87 276 361 399 2.0 2.8European Union (27) - 282381 426741 400710 405761 11.5 6.9 intra-EU (27) exports - 198419 313158 282621 286071 11.9 7.2 extra-EU (27) exports - 83962 113583 118089 119690 10.7 6.2Hong Kong, China 12886 50066 124673 136411 146577 24.7 39.6 domestic exports 4772 3997 3424 1831 1811 17.0 10.7 re-exports 8114 46069 121250 134398 144766 25.7 41.0India 182 384 1173 1356 1737 0.9 1.0Indonesia 124 7280 6063 5291 5800 11.1 4.2Israel 1226 6939 5934 6470 6278 22.1 10.3Japan 67032 108179 99490 103195 103264 22.6 13.2Jordan 4 36 195 383 289 1.9 3.7Korea, Republic of 14339 58686 83671 92680 88070 34.1 20.9Macao, China 14 19 73 143 114 0.8 5.7Malaysia b, c 8207 52382 67874 68400 67695 53.3 33.9Mauritius b, c 3 2 306 92 91 0.1 3.9Mexico b 4535 34042 46586 53911 56349 20.5 19.3Morocco b 110 506 782 795 712 6.8 3.5New Zealand 95 231 369 422 407 1.7 1.3Norway 655 1142 1526 1703 2267 1.9 1.3Pakistan 4 6 94 83 87 0.1 0.4Philippines b, c 1835 25138 25862 28560 25651 63.2 52.3Russian Federation - 306 705 731 1041 0.3 0.2Saudi Arabia c 14 29 166 188 181 0.0 0.1Serbia ... ... 61 102 235 ... 2.1Singapore 19235 73820 | 118023 120334 120994 53.6 35.8 domestic exports 14685 41523 | 55561 55453 51080 52.8 29.1 re-exports 4549 32297 | 62462 64882 69915 54.6 43.0South Africa ... 409 764 883 891 1.4 1.1Switzerland 1520 2909 | 2773 3160 3502 3.6 1.7Taipei, Chinese 14105 57821 71035 72025 69730 39.0 27.3Thailand 3520 18653 29354 32103 32544 27.0 18.3Tunisia 24 49 335 347 649 0.8 3.4Turkey 259 1008 3165 2871 2400 3.6 1.8Ukraine - 94 279 596 669 0.6 1.0United Arab Emirates c ... 1633 9163 11167 11407 3.3 4.9United States 51658 153399 136263 134694 137374 19.6 10.7Viet Nam c ... 652 1713 1926 2385 4.5 3.8

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

80

Table II.44

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 253 444 1208 1134 1688 4.8 4.3Argentina 305 3477 3961 4593 4957 13.8 8.6Australia b 4343 10771 15511 17375 17995 15.1 9.4Bangladesh c, d 91 199 1013 892 1144 2.2 4.8Belarus - 194 573 622 816 2.2 2.1Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 367 1189 4436 5492 4587 8.2 9.2Brazil e 1514 7601 11040 12364 16302 13.6 9.4Canada b 10475 30418 30458 32117 33142 12.7 8.1Chile 456 1681 2867 3180 3421 9.1 5.5China f 4058 44427 197948 226459 231489 19.7 20.4Colombia 365 1048 3127 3671 4148 9.1 10.5Costa Rica f 84 977 2399 1930 2435 15.3 15.8Croatia ... 418 1291 1550 1700 5.3 5.5Ecuador 57 200 926 931 1380 5.4 7.4Egypt 226 593 858 1164 1776 4.2 3.7El Salvador f ... 325 465 613 494 6.6 5.1European Union (27) g - 343708 536577 522844 536164 13.3 8.6 extra-EU (27) imports - 148928 224251 240223 250093 16.2 11.0Guatemala f 61 419 | 822 907 867 8.7 6.0Hong Kong, China 12326 59370 129590 142194 148170 27.7 37.7 retained imports 4212 13301 8340 7796 3404 38.1 20.1India 662 2664 12793 15382 16979 5.2 5.8Indonesia 892 705 2150 3522 11509 1.6 9.1Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 530 2591 2421 2985 3.8 5.2Israel 939 4894 4495 4882 5257 13.0 7.8Japan 11273 60866 68686 69659 72554 16.0 9.5Jordan 56 201 732 1055 1078 4.4 6.4Kazakhstan - 261 825 1316 766 5.2 2.0Kenya 124 142 354 465 633 4.6 5.7Korea, Republic of 7741 34012 40279 45536 47868 21.2 11.0Kuwait 128 409 892 1062 1396 5.7 5.6Macao, China 64 104 480 622 617 4.6 11.5Malaysia f 5744 32405 46062 48198 45721 39.5 29.1Mexico b, f 4640 29011 42418 43928 47852 16.6 15.5Morocco f 306 1212 1473 1927 1958 10.5 4.7New Zealand 905 1618 2356 2682 2711 11.6 7.9Norway 1732 3352 5488 6375 6966 9.7 7.8Pakistan 236 372 2530 2125 2077 3.4 4.9Panama 65 244 398 416 608 7.2 6.7Paraguay 320 224 1578 1548 1853 10.2 18.2Peru d 100 656 1329 1455 2128 8.9 7.1Philippines d 2044 15150 23299 24519 20182 40.9 33.5Qatar 52 143 721 813 1049 4.4 3.9Russian Federation d - 3002 14298 18888 21207 6.7 7.3Saudi Arabia d 811 1242 4789 6023 6609 4.1 5.7Serbia ... ... 700 1102 1110 ... 4.8Serbia and Montenegro ... 145 ... ... ... 3.9 5.0Singapore 13392 54107 | 85262 87353 87307 40.2 27.3 retained imports 8842 21810 | 22801 22472 17393 28.9 11.1South Africa b ... 3364 7112 7349 7371 12.6 8.4Sri Lanka d 51 259 496 535 523 3.6 3.7Sudan ... 96 549 2073 463 6.2 5.1Switzerland 4797 8045 8971 9805 10674 9.7 5.8Taipei, Chinese 7438 38646 41477 40737 39472 27.6 16.4Thailand 3421 14055 20863 21841 22290 22.7 12.5Tunisia 149 318 799 790 1055 3.7 4.3Turkey 1234 5522 7634 8724 8119 10.1 4.0Ukraine - 327 1438 1388 1627 2.3 1.9United Arab Emirates d 698 4002 15561 15403 23185 11.4 14.0United States 63365 215544 253703 262582 259944 17.1 12.0Viet Nam d ... 1038 2990 4504 5380 6.6 6.7

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

81

4.3.1. EDP equipment

Table II.45


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 218321 100.0 5 -5 0 World 104718 100.0 1 2 -5Europe 120525 55.2 4 -4 -1 Asia 90633 86.6 3 3 -5Asia 83158 38.1 7 1 3 North America 8428 8.0 -5 3 -7North America 11182 5.1 -5 -33 -6 Europe 4759 4.5 -6 -15 -1South and Central America 2510 1.2 13 -4 20 South and Central America 511 0.5 -7 16 -6Middle East 613 0.3 1 5 1 Middle East 366 0.4 -1 48 -35Africa 232 0.1 16 34 -5 Africa 17 0.0 12 -10 89CIS 75 0.0 6 -6 19 CIS 4 0.0 19 0 100

Economy Economy European Union (27) 119473 54.7 4 -5 -1 China 53991 51.6 21 10 -1China 49715 22.8 26 12 11 Malaysia 11840 11.3 4 -3 -18United States 9530 4.4 -6 -36 -7 Japan 8383 8.0 -8 -4 -2Japan 8408 3.9 -3 -1 1 Mexico 6474 6.2 -4 0 -7Taipei, Chinese 5526 2.5 -7 -29 -12 Singapore 4723 4.5 -9 -15 -10

Above 5 192652 88.2 - - - Above 5 85411 81.6 - - -Malaysia 5348 2.5 5 2 -11 European Union (27) 4567 4.4 -6 -16 -2Singapore 4364 2.0 -3 -17 -6 Thailand 4105 3.9 5 10 4Thailand 3269 1.5 8 11 12 Taipei, Chinese 2739 2.6 -16 -25 -21Costa Rica 2446 1.1 13 -3 21 Korea, Republic of 2695 2.6 -13 -1 -19Korea, Republic of 1968 0.9 -9 -6 -24 Canada 1954 1.9 -8 15 -8Hong Kong, China 1900 0.9 3 -19 10 Philippines 935 0.9 -12 -3 -12Philippines 1574 0.7 -6 -11 -19 Indonesia 507 0.5 -5 16 13Mexico 925 0.4 2 -4 17 Costa Rica 424 0.4 -8 22 0Switzerland 754 0.3 1 39 -11 Israel 363 0.3 -1 49 -35Canada 727 0.3 2 -2 -18 Viet Nam 295 0.3 221 31 16Israel 440 0.2 -1 37 -1 Hong Kong, China 248 0.2 -5 18 19Indonesia 402 0.2 -5 -2 -12 Switzerland 134 0.1 -6 -1 53Viet Nam 390 0.2 83 24 46 India 99 0.1 19 -7 136India 185 0.1 30 51 38 Norway 52 0.1 -6 25 2Norway 174 0.1 -1 -10 0 Australia 46 0.0 0 33 -26

Above 20 217519 99.6 - - - Above 20 104574 99.9 - - -

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

82



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 46471 100.0 20 12 2 World 24576 100.0 -1 -11 4Asia 42373 91.2 23 13 3 Asia 21597 87.9 1 -7 5North America 2445 5.3 2 -8 -6 North America 1664 6.8 -14 -35 -8Europe 1565 3.4 9 5 -8 Europe 1116 4.5 -10 -8 4Middle East 79 0.2 18 67 58 Middle East 46 0.2 -5 -33 21South and Central America 6 0.0 25 -36 -14 South and Central America 43 0.2 -1 -27 95Africa 2 0.0 ... 0 100 Africa 1 0.0 -8 0 0CIS 1 0.0 0 100 -50 CIS 0 0.0 ... ... ...

Economy Economy China 15654 33.7 39 15 2 China 15570 63.4 23 -1 9Thailand 8283 17.8 36 44 25 United States 1344 5.5 -15 -35 -13Korea, Republic of 3864 8.3 26 49 -28 Thailand 1271 5.2 1 -11 2Japan 3863 8.3 11 -5 -2 Singapore 1159 4.7 -7 -20 -1Philippines 3022 6.5 29 -2 14 European Union (27) 1096 4.5 -10 -9 5

Above 5 34686 74.6 - - - Above 5 20439 83.2 - - -Malaysia 2334 5.0 16 -2 43 Taipei, Chinese 962 3.9 -20 -33 0United States 2075 4.5 2 -5 -6 Philippines 805 3.3 -10 -7 -4Singapore 2060 4.4 11 8 -1 Malaysia 678 2.8 -14 -33 2Taipei, Chinese 1999 4.3 8 -16 -6 Korea, Republic of 639 2.6 -16 -10 -37European Union (27) 1534 3.3 9 4 -7 Indonesia 292 1.2 4 7 15Indonesia 799 1.7 20 -20 -12 Mexico 268 1.1 2 -26 38Mexico 317 0.7 5 -12 -13 Viet Nam 111 0.5 41 9 95Viet Nam 279 0.6 117 235 98 Hong Kong, China 59 0.2 -14 -46 -24Hong Kong, China 186 0.4 -13 -50 -28 Canada 53 0.2 -18 -57 -21Israel 78 0.2 20 68 57 Israel 46 0.2 -5 -34 21Canada 54 0.1 12 -47 7 Costa Rica 41 0.2 -1 -10 99India 22 0.0 47 55 -51 India 30 0.1 ... 200 233Switzerland 21 0.0 5 76 -34 Switzerland 15 0.1 -18 41 -39Norway 8 0.0 22 20 121 Australia 6 0.0 -20 19 -40Australia 6 0.0 -10 64 -69 Norway 4 0.0 -1 16 -24

Above 20 46457 100.0 - - - Above 20 24447 99.5 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 34 per cent of its EDP and office equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008




China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

83

Table II.46

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters China a 176.8 5.0 32.2 32 21 23 7European Union (27) 156.6 30.5 28.6 4 10 -3 -1

extra-EU (27) exports 37.2 7.0 6.8 5 2 3 -1United States 47.1 15.5 8.6 -2 5 -4 0Hong Kong, China 37.1 - - 11 9 -14 7

domestic exports 0.2 0.3 0.0 -17 42 -85 -45 re-exports 36.9 - - 11 8 -10 7

Singapore 32.9 8.4 6.0 1 0 0 2 domestic exports 16.3 6.0 3.0 -4 0 -2 -20 re-exports 16.6 2.4 3.0 8 1 5 38

Malaysia a, b 26.8 5.6 4.9 3 22 -3 -1Japan 24.5 9.5 4.5 -4 -1 3 -2Thailand 17.6 2.4 3.2 9 27 13 6Korea, Republic of 14.7 5.3 2.7 -4 1 10 -25Taipei, Chinese 10.7 7.9 2.0 -12 -3 -13 -15Mexico a 10.3 3.2 1.9 -2 6 0 -16Philippines a, b 9.0 1.9 1.6 3 5 25 -12United Arab Emirates b 4.2 0.2 0.8 27 81 55 2Canada 4.1 1.5 0.7 -4 6 10 -5Indonesia 1.8 0.8 0.3 -6 -11 -27 -1

Above 15 537.3 97.7 98.0 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 218.3 39.8 39.2 5 13 -5 0 extra-EU (27) imports 98.8 17.5 17.8 5 14 -4 3

United States 104.7 24.7 18.8 1 8 2 -5China a, c 46.5 2.8 8.4 20 14 12 2Hong Kong, China 35.3 - - 9 14 -10 7

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Japan 24.6 7.2 4.4 -1 -4 -11 4Singapore 20.7 4.4 3.7 3 -1 2 5

retained imports 4.1 2.1 0.7 -8 -3 -4 -47Canada d 13.3 3.2 2.4 1 8 3 -2United Arab Emirates b 12.8 0.3 2.3 33 25 10 99Mexico a, d 11.7 1.5 2.1 9 3 -3 3Malaysia a 9.7 1.2 1.7 10 5 6 -10Korea, Republic of 8.6 2.0 1.5 1 14 11 -3Australia d 8.1 1.3 1.5 6 7 14 1Thailand 7.5 1.0 1.3 9 12 10 6Russian Federation b 6.6 0.4 1.2 22 15 17 15Taipei, Chinese 5.1 2.7 0.9 -9 -7 5 -4

Above 15 e 498.2 92.4 89.5 - - - -



e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.

Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of EDP and office equipment imports from China amounting to 15.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.


Share in world exports/imports Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

84

Table II.47

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 372015 519331 547715 548199 5.9 3.5Australia 494 811 864 975 1038 1.3 0.6Brazil 172 490 501 324 409 0.9 0.2Canada 2708 5516 3912 4306 4085 2.0 0.9China b 375 18638 134494 165866 176784 7.5 12.4Costa Rica b ... 1628 639 1026 1053 27.8 10.9Croatia ... 11 77 123 130 0.2 0.9European Union (27) - 113286 164286 158785 156627 4.6 2.7 intra-EU (27) exports - 87387 127763 121193 119473 5.2 3.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 25899 36523 37592 37154 3.3 1.9Hong Kong, China 3518 16402 40583 34722 37067 8.1 10.0 domestic exports 2086 937 2508 379 209 4.0 1.2 re-exports 1432 15465 38075 34343 36858 8.6 10.4India 112 209 483 452 517 0.5 0.3Indonesia 1 3041 2461 1798 1781 4.6 1.3Israel 421 902 845 957 1126 2.9 1.9Japan 24832 35209 24131 24876 24488 7.3 3.1Jordan 2 13 22 26 41 0.7 0.5Korea, Republic of 2702 19633 17884 19710 14748 11.4 3.5Macao, China ... 12 52 89 51 0.5 2.6Malaysia b, c 676 20689 27982 27119 26778 21.1 13.4Mexico b ... 11757 12283 12340 10341 7.1 3.5New Zealand 53 82 150 157 134 0.6 0.4Norway 350 460 399 392 430 0.8 0.2Philippines b, c 180 7208 8178 10209 9016 18.1 18.4Russian Federation - 71 133 164 226 0.1 0.0Saudi Arabia c ... 8 82 68 83 0.0 0.0Serbia ... ... 33 55 77 ... 0.7Serbia and Montenegro ... 3 ... ... ... 0.2 0.3Singapore 9205 31118 | 32195 32305 32858 22.6 9.7 domestic exports 8022 22320 | 20767 20263 16253 28.4 9.3 re-exports 1183 8799 | 11427 12042 16605 14.9 10.2South Africa ... 141 270 257 270 0.5 0.3Sri Lanka ... ... 39 25 9 ... 0.1Switzerland 617 1359 | 741 1048 1121 1.7 0.6Taipei, Chinese 6673 29309 14501 12665 10736 19.8 4.2Thailand 1562 8769 14658 16610 17600 12.7 9.9Tunisia 2 2 59 111 120 0.0 0.6Turkey 20 63 89 138 151 0.2 0.1Ukraine - 16 46 36 43 0.1 0.1United Arab Emirates c ... 613 2626 4073 4167 1.2 1.8United States 27766 57595 49193 47300 47101 7.4 3.7Viet Nam c ... 486 1180 1053 1304 3.4 2.1


Value

Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

85

Table II.48

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aAlgeria 94 111 324 327 532 1.2 1.3Argentina 120 1191 1217 1418 1626 4.7 2.8Australia b 2697 5043 7021 8021 8133 7.1 4.2Belarus - 91 182 243 328 1.1 0.8Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 191 388 1265 1545 1366 2.7 2.8Brazil c 469 1962 2719 3472 4300 3.5 2.5Canada b 5171 12042 13161 13535 13328 5.0 3.3Chile 144 654 962 1060 1264 3.5 2.0China d 772 10858 40692 45458 46471 4.8 4.1Colombia 123 420 858 1246 1451 3.6 3.7Costa Rica d 40 175 296 347 545 2.7 3.5Croatia ... 191 538 622 637 2.4 2.1Ecuador 20 84 278 319 434 2.3 2.3Egypt 78 206 264 216 517 1.5 1.1European Union (27) e - 152035 228115 217611 218321 5.9 3.5 extra-EU (27) imports - 66800 100942 96418 98848 7.3 4.3Guatemala d 25 130 | 233 295 266 2.7 1.8Hong Kong, China 2278 18341 36690 33112 35324 8.6 9.0 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 237 1429 4151 4197 4832 2.8 1.6Indonesia 246 215 573 1017 3277 0.5 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 155 491 530 516 1.1 0.9Israel 436 1717 1693 1879 1921 4.6 2.8Japan 5335 27551 26438 23633 24576 7.3 3.2Kazakhstan - 68 232 442 355 1.3 0.9Korea, Republic of 1813 7711 8028 8881 8624 4.8 2.0Kuwait ... 134 318 364 410 1.9 1.6Malaysia d 686 4450 10207 10806 9708 5.4 6.2Mexico b, d ... 5651 11581 11267 11652 3.2 3.8Morocco d 70 195 424 461 520 1.7 1.2New Zealand 446 734 1171 1289 1276 5.3 3.7Norway 1046 1710 2612 2921 3196 5.0 3.6Pakistan 47 204 319 280 291 1.9 0.7Paraguay 25 114 995 914 826 5.2 8.1Peru f 47 278 430 466 682 3.7 2.3Philippines f 338 2522 3892 5204 4758 6.8 7.9Qatar 18 53 296 360 465 1.6 1.7Russian Federation f - 1347 4924 5761 6646 3.0 2.3Saudi Arabia f 225 381 1391 1997 2397 1.3 2.1Serbia ... ... 331 470 475 ... 2.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 67 ... ... ... 1.8 2.4Singapore 4352 16682 | 19408 19714 20706 12.4 6.5 retained imports 3169 7883 | 7981 7671 4101 10.4 2.6South Africa b ... 1205 2947 3108 3021 4.5 3.4Switzerland 2823 4568 4460 4596 4926 5.5 2.7Taipei, Chinese 1574 10310 5050 5296 5063 7.4 2.1Thailand 1114 3821 6387 7025 7475 6.2 4.2Tunisia 58 135 357 397 479 1.6 1.9Turkey 471 1591 2812 3260 3126 2.9 1.5Ukraine - 104 233 259 435 0.7 0.5United Arab Emirates f ... 1276 5840 6422 12758 3.6 7.7United States 27499 94193 108520 110631 104718 7.5 4.8Viet Nam f ... 217 998 1359 1624 1.4 2.0

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates.

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008


Value Share in economy's total

merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

86

4.3.2. Telecommunications equipment

Table II.49


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 237705 100.0 9 -2 2 World 128920 100.0 8 7 3Europe 131408 55.3 7 -16 3 Asia 87185 67.6 10 2 4Asia 90678 38.1 17 19 4 North America 35085 27.2 4 21 1North America 12621 5.3 -1 90 -12 Europe 5411 4.2 3 6 20Middle East 1231 0.5 -2 -44 -1 Middle East 871 0.7 -3 3 6Africa 613 0.3 15 23 15 South and Central America 331 0.3 -8 -37 -24CIS 560 0.2 29 122 5 Africa 30 0.0 11 12 7South and Central America 293 0.1 15 -27 2 CIS 7 0.0 2 140 -42

Economy Economy European Union (27) 127927 53.8 7 -16 3 China 49172 38.1 22 9 5China 47400 19.9 29 26 4 Mexico 31187 24.2 9 25 1Korea, Republic of 15200 6.4 23 14 3 Korea, Republic of 10411 8.1 10 15 24United States 9758 4.1 -2 122 -21 Japan 7209 5.6 -6 -8 -8Japan 8558 3.6 1 -2 -1 Malaysia 6561 5.1 3 -34 -5

Above 5 208843 87.9 - - - Above 5 104540 81.1 - - -Taipei, Chinese 6464 2.7 19 42 -7 Taipei, Chinese 6313 4.9 9 13 -5Malaysia 4235 1.8 8 15 9 European Union (27) 4946 3.8 2 5 18Hong Kong, China 3267 1.4 23 -4 74 Canada 3897 3.0 -11 -6 -1Thailand 2392 1.0 11 27 16 Thailand 3770 2.9 12 -12 7Turkey 2092 0.9 12 -17 -18 Singapore 1072 0.8 4 78 -35Mexico 2058 0.9 24 15 119 Indonesia 944 0.7 -1 4 13Indonesia 1183 0.5 10 22 -8 Israel 865 0.7 -3 7 7Israel 867 0.4 -4 2 5 Hong Kong, China 600 0.5 10 -1 -12Canada 804 0.3 -7 -9 -29 Philippines 398 0.3 -1 18 -18Switzerland 626 0.3 -2 -51 7 Norway 386 0.3 26 26 52Norway 585 0.2 3 28 14 India 327 0.3 35 -24 95Singapore 584 0.2 -10 -52 -27 Viet Nam 308 0.2 146 90 50India 520 0.2 31 33 120 Brazil 205 0.2 -13 -50 -25Ukraine 474 0.2 37 222 8 Switzerland 70 0.1 15 19 69Philippines 445 0.2 3 10 -11 Australia 69 0.1 -1 52 -14

Above 20 235439 99.0 - - - Above 20 128710 99.8 - - -

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

87



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 36893 100.0 15 1 3 World 24174 100.0 8 25 10Asia 32283 87.5 23 -1 5 Asia 20990 86.8 12 22 14Europe 2429 6.6 -6 1 -22 North America 2415 10.0 -5 52 -10North America 2030 5.5 -1 46 10 Europe 697 2.9 -8 9 4Middle East 134 0.4 5 7 30 Middle East 60 0.2 7 40 7South and Central America 10 0.0 33 -63 11 South and Central America 3 0.0 -32 0 200CIS 4 0.0 -22 -40 33 Africa 1 0.0 ... ... ...Africa 2 0.0 -5 0 100 CIS 1 0.0 ... 0 -67

Economy Economy China 13678 37.1 37 -8 2 China 12533 51.8 21 22 18Japan 6136 16.6 12 11 10 Malaysia 2496 10.3 2 27 35Korea, Republic of 5264 14.3 27 -16 2 Korea, Republic of 2338 9.7 10 15 4European Union (27) 2302 6.2 -7 0 -24 United States 1953 8.1 -7 47 -14Taipei, Chinese 1728 4.7 16 30 -8 Thailand 1423 5.9 7 21 -11

Above 5 29107 78.9 - - - Above 5 20742 85.8 - - -Malaysia 1573 4.3 21 17 29 Taipei, Chinese 810 3.4 6 51 -13United States 1553 4.2 -3 39 9 European Union (27) 656 2.7 -9 8 2Thailand 1105 3.0 41 40 24 Viet Nam 433 1.8 47 94 192Hong Kong, China 973 2.6 8 5 6 Philippines 389 1.6 2 -15 -20Philippines 922 2.5 46 16 19 Mexico 341 1.4 27 81 21Mexico 353 1.0 63 109 23 Indonesia 319 1.3 -3 3 25Indonesia 351 1.0 30 54 10 Hong Kong, China 126 0.5 11 113 -15Singapore 342 0.9 7 -17 -17 Canada 122 0.5 6 119 1Viet Nam 158 0.4 63 251 161 Singapore 80 0.3 -16 183 -47Israel 134 0.4 5 6 31 Israel 59 0.2 8 44 6Canada 124 0.3 -8 24 -14 Norway 32 0.1 15 60 51Norway 72 0.2 24 60 91 Switzerland 8 0.0 4 24 -4Switzerland 54 0.1 14 30 13 Australia 8 0.0 -8 114 -27Australia 26 0.1 4 70 3 Bangladesh 6 0.0 32 6 -25India 13 0.0 38 180 -7 India 4 0.0 19 -50 300

Above 20 36860 99.9 - - - Above 20 24137 99.8 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 37 per cent of its telecommunications equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008




China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

88

Table II.50

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 183.6 38.3 30.8 7 24 -11 4

extra-EU (27) exports 55.7 12.4 9.3 6 -9 4 4China a 161.9 6.8 27.1 30 30 18 11Hong Kong, China 58.9 - - 15 10 18 8

domestic exports 1.1 0.2 0.2 10 18 849 11 re-exports 57.8 - - 15 10 16 8

Korea, Republic of 45.1 5.0 7.6 15 -1 8 12Mexico a 44.2 6.7 7.4 11 33 24 11United States 39.6 11.4 6.6 2 11 9 7Japan 34.2 10.6 5.7 1 0 0 1Singapore 15.6 2.9 2.6 8 15 -1 -12

domestic exports 4.2 1.3 0.7 1 40 -16 -33 re-exports 11.4 1.6 1.9 12 3 9 -1

Malaysia a, b 13.9 4.5 2.3 1 7 -8 5Taipei, Chinese 11.6 2.3 1.9 7 3 1 -3Canada 7.3 4.0 1.2 -6 18 -1 -15United Arab Emirates b 6.9 0.3 1.2 27 -17 10 2Thailand 6.7 1.4 1.1 7 10 -2 8Israel 4.1 1.5 0.7 0 15 11 3Indonesia 3.2 1.2 0.5 -1 -4 -7 18Above 15 578.9 97.1 97.1 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 237.7 38.8 38.2 9 27 -2 2

extra-EU (27) imports 109.8 14.3 17.6 12 9 22 1United States 128.9 24.0 20.7 8 11 7 3Hong Kong, China 51.1 - - 12 13 12 6

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...China a, c 36.9 4.1 5.9 15 21 1 3Mexico a, d 25.5 3.1 4.1 13 43 14 18Japan 24.2 4.5 3.9 8 -2 25 10Canada d 15.6 3.4 2.5 6 16 12 7Singapore 14.5 2.3 2.3 10 25 -2 -8

retained imports 3.1 0.8 0.5 3 108 -23 -28Russian Federation b 14.0 0.5 2.2 32 17 44 12India 10.6 0.2 1.7 40 27 32 7United Arab Emirates b 10.5 0.9 1.7 19 2 -7 21Korea, Republic of 9.5 1.9 1.5 6 13 9 15Australia d 8.9 1.6 1.4 8 15 11 6Brazil 7.6 1.0 1.2 12 30 16 47Indonesia 6.2 0.1 1.0 41 -1 66 169Above 15 e 550.6 86.6 88.4 - - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports of telecommunications equipment from China amounting to 13.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b. e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.


Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2008



a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

89

Table II.51

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 288248 545898 559040 596248 4.6 3.8Argentina 3 52 92 116 119 0.2 0.2Australia 226 838 660 712 838 1.3 0.4Belarus - 59 46 43 40 0.8 0.1Brazil 442 1596 3318 2307 2635 2.9 1.3Canada 1642 11656 8674 8577 7260 4.2 1.6China b 2623 19508 123613 146261 161856 7.8 11.3Costa Rica b ... 9 138 39 50 0.2 0.5Croatia ... 73 124 121 111 1.7 0.8European Union (27) - 110302 199451 177275 183586 4.5 3.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 74592 148259 123887 127927 4.5 3.2 extra-EU (27) exports - 35710 51192 53388 55659 4.6 2.9Hong Kong, China 6806 19618 46210 54719 58931 9.7 15.9 domestic exports 2137 540 107 1013 1125 2.3 6.6 re-exports 4669 19078 46103 53707 57806 10.6 16.4India 31 103 464 594 620 0.2 0.3Indonesia 105 3500 2898 2702 3192 5.4 2.3Israel 662 4256 3581 3987 4096 13.6 6.7Japan 28809 30516 33633 33700 34168 6.4 4.4Jordan 2 19 172 356 248 1.0 3.2Korea, Republic of 6273 14364 37300 40234 45133 8.3 10.7Macao, China ... 4 15 39 46 0.2 2.3Malaysia b, c 3209 12965 14383 13190 13856 13.2 6.9Mauritius b ... 1 266 88 85 0.0 3.6Mexico b ... 19221 32145 39770 44183 11.6 15.1Morocco b ... 24 31 45 55 0.3 0.3New Zealand 41 132 146 165 187 1.0 0.6Norway 295 652 921 1035 1283 1.1 0.7Pakistan 2 5 90 76 80 0.1 0.4Philippines b, c 599 1267 942 997 1062 3.2 2.2Russian Federation - 137 420 390 597 0.1 0.1Saudi Arabia c ... 20 78 114 90 0.0 0.0Singapore 6355 8266 | 17968 17709 15579 6.0 4.6 domestic exports 3820 3770 | 7376 6203 4181 4.8 2.4 re-exports 2535 4495 | 10592 11506 11398 7.6 7.0South Africa ... 243 360 490 422 0.8 0.5Switzerland 672 873 | 1203 1103 1129 1.1 0.6Taipei, Chinese 4996 6745 11854 11945 11615 4.5 4.5Thailand 1057 4007 6386 6256 6734 5.8 3.8Tunisia 21 28 202 171 460 0.5 2.4Turkey 238 934 3037 2696 2202 3.4 1.7Uganda ... 0 55 89 73 0.0 3.4Ukraine - 68 205 534 575 0.5 0.9United Arab Emirates c ... 998 6155 6750 6862 2.0 3.0United States 9901 32980 33979 36981 39615 4.2 3.1Viet Nam c ... 81 331 643 796 0.6 1.3


Value

Exports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

90

Table II.52

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 131 298 794 761 1110 3.3 2.8Argentina 123 2092 2436 2855 3057 8.3 5.3Australia b 1383 4862 7658 8474 8947 6.8 4.7Bangladesh c, d 73 129 820 689 883 1.5 3.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 162 760 3099 3830 3070 5.2 6.2Brazil e 555 3071 4428 5151 7598 5.5 4.4Canada b 2972 10062 13049 14580 15625 4.2 3.8Chile 303 960 1763 2045 2097 5.2 3.4China f 2539 12413 35534 35738 36893 5.5 3.3Colombia 218 597 2192 2319 2590 5.2 6.5Costa Rica f 35 114 234 289 353 1.8 2.3Croatia ... 210 671 803 887 2.7 2.9Ecuador 32 110 630 599 907 2.9 4.9Egypt 132 350 568 869 1173 2.5 2.4El Salvador f ... 207 304 447 318 4.2 3.3European Union (27) g - 116357 237280 233085 237705 4.5 3.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 42909 89212 109198 109778 4.7 4.8Guatemala f 34 283 | 569 589 583 5.9 4.0Hong Kong, China 6343 20742 43154 48269 51078 9.7 13.00 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 173 711 7522 9898 10572 1.4 3.6Indonesia 490 403 1394 2306 6209 0.9 4.9Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 256 1831 1712 2269 1.8 4.0Israel 304 1669 1659 1981 2201 4.4 3.3Japan 2620 13470 17555 21896 24174 3.5 3.2Jordan 39 131 557 832 792 2.9 4.7Kazakhstan - 169 548 811 391 3.4 1.0Kenya 105 95 208 296 415 3.1 3.8Korea, Republic of 1368 5830 7538 8241 9463 3.6 2.2Macao, China 35 68 303 383 414 3.0 7.7Malaysia f 1246 3442 4556 4913 5655 4.2 3.6Mexico b, f ... 9398 18891 21578 25463 5.4 8.3Morocco f 127 727 673 916 990 6.3 2.4New Zealand 440 808 1072 1260 1323 5.8 3.9Norway 576 1425 2619 3168 3420 4.1 3.8Pakistan 183 158 2124 1793 1718 1.5 4.1Paraguay 293 107 576 629 1020 4.9 10.0Peru d 51 367 857 964 1410 5.0 4.7Philippines d 686 1949 1329 1235 1298 5.3 2.2Russian Federation d - 1493 8701 12536 14006 3.3 4.8Saudi Arabia d 578 811 3275 3822 4012 2.7 3.5Singapore 4551 6870 | 16209 15845 14508 5.1 4.5 retained imports 2016 2374 | 5617 4339 3109 3.1 2.0South Africa b ... 1859 3784 3818 3913 6.9 4.5Sri Lanka d 30 155 317 357 363 2.2 2.6Switzerland 1597 2512 3619 4172 4625 3.0 2.5Taipei, Chinese 1744 4597 4509 4442 4392 3.3 1.8Thailand 994 1868 4346 3754 4465 3.0 2.5Turkey 403 2993 3391 4263 4046 5.5 2.0Ukraine - 188 1044 891 945 1.3 1.1United Arab Emirates d ... 2626 9421 8723 10513 7.5 6.3United States 22727 71769 117054 124748 128920 5.7 5.9Viet Nam d ... 331 1355 2169 2591 2.1 3.2

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies , 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

91

4.3.3. Integrated circuits and electronic components

Table II.53


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 80138 100.0 1 1 11 World 26306 100.0 -8 -3 -3Europe 39621 49.4 1 0 4 Asia 20846 79.2 -8 -3 -4Asia 34674 43.3 6 5 25 Europe 3319 12.6 -2 12 1North America 5226 6.5 -7 -11 -3 North America 1722 6.5 -10 -14 -6Africa 402 0.5 5 3 -13 South and Central America 238 0.9 0 -17 8South and Central America 90 0.1 -15 58 -45 Africa 93 0.4 -6 -6 -4Middle East 68 0.1 -5 -10 -44 Middle East 78 0.3 -21 -64 -45CIS 50 0.1 4 -9 25 CIS 11 0.0 -3 0 0

Economy Economy European Union (27) 38671 48.3 1 1 3 Taipei, Chinese 4576 17.4 -2 2 1China 11816 14.7 45 37 99 Japan 3634 13.8 -11 3 -1Japan 5544 6.9 0 7 12 European Union (27) 3131 11.9 -2 13 -1United States 4867 6.1 -7 -10 -4 Malaysia 2968 11.3 -9 -10 2Taipei, Chinese 4055 5.1 8 18 7 Korea, Republic of 2648 10.1 -12 -16 5

Above 5 64953 81.1 - - - Above 5 16958 64.5 - - -Malaysia 3221 4.0 0 -8 3 China 2197 8.4 14 7 -8Singapore 3122 3.9 -2 -13 -11 Philippines 1989 7.6 -12 -12 -8Korea, Republic of 2696 3.4 -1 -3 -1 Singapore 1381 5.3 -11 -10 -21Philippines 2329 2.9 6 -5 5 Thailand 1107 4.2 -3 34 -12Thailand 738 0.9 4 -4 8 Mexico 872 3.3 -9 -16 -4India 550 0.7 43 31 199 Canada 850 3.2 -11 -12 -8Switzerland 419 0.5 5 -45 2 Costa Rica 214 0.8 1 -18 5Norway 404 0.5 35 13 115 Indonesia 186 0.7 -5 22 -11Hong Kong, China 385 0.5 -11 -19 6 Switzerland 182 0.7 2 1 72Canada 239 0.3 -13 -18 57 Morocco 91 0.3 -6 -7 -3South Africa 178 0.2 50 36 31 Hong Kong, China 84 0.3 -28 -37 -2Morocco 162 0.2 -5 5 -36 Israel 77 0.3 -21 -64 -46Mexico 120 0.2 -2 -26 -14 India 42 0.2 6 -8 -24Croatia 106 0.1 70 26 -9 Australia 15 0.1 6 17 32Indonesia 104 0.1 1 19 -4 New Zealand 11 0.0 6 6 -30

Above 20 79725 99.5 - - - Above 20 26258 99.8 - - -



Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

92



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 148125 100.0 28 19 2 World 23942 100.0 2 -2 -1Asia 130834 88.3 29 20 1 Asia 18169 76.3 5 1 -2North America 9133 6.2 25 8 9 North America 4171 17.5 -4 -11 -5Europe 5287 3.6 11 16 8 Europe 1146 4.8 2 -13 19South and Central America 2245 1.5 102 31 -1 South and Central America 224 0.9 10 1 7Middle East 299 0.2 78 50 -14 Middle East 81 0.3 13 67 710Africa 282 0.2 31 12 -13 Africa 9 0.0 -4 -23 -10CIS 45 0.0 21 -22 41 CIS 2 0.0 ... -33 0

Economy Economy Taipei, Chinese 32677 22.1 31 18 2 Taipei, Chinese 6467 27.0 9 -8 1Korea, Republic of 24652 16.6 30 16 5 Korea, Republic of 4495 18.8 6 22 -7China 18185 12.3 56 24 28 United States 4009 16.7 -4 -10 -4Japan 18170 12.3 17 21 -2 China 2500 10.4 20 0 14Malaysia 14496 9.8 33 16 1 Singapore 1381 5.8 0 1 8

Above 5 108180 73.0 - - - Above 5 18852 79.2 - - -Philippines 12619 8.5 44 37 -21 Malaysia 1355 5.7 -5 -12 -5United States 7772 5.2 24 7 8 Philippines 1174 4.9 -4 2 -23European Union (27) 5162 3.5 11 16 9 European Union (27) 1138 4.8 2 -13 20Singapore 3979 2.7 23 -12 -4 Thailand 609 2.5 5 -4 -3Thailand 3346 2.3 26 23 4 Costa Rica 222 0.9 10 1 7Costa Rica 2227 1.5 104 32 -2 Indonesia 219 0.9 0 -2 2Hong Kong, China 2133 1.4 7 66 -11 Canada 134 0.6 6 -19 -27Canada 760 0.5 38 5 50 Israel 79 0.3 13 59 733Mexico 601 0.4 32 39 -7 Hong Kong, China 39 0.2 -22 -20 -28Indonesia 424 0.3 31 35 2 Viet Nam 31 0.1 60 3 -19Israel 292 0.2 82 51 -16 Mexico 28 0.1 -23 -20 0Morocco 279 0.2 31 14 -13 Morocco 9 0.0 -3 -12 -9Switzerland 91 0.1 29 4 -24 Switzerland 9 0.0 3 15 -16Australia 70 0.0 44 246 -1 India 3 0.0 -4 0 -25India 49 0.0 49 18 23 Bangladesh 3 0.0 5 -12 7

Above 20 147985 99.9 - - - Above 20 23904 99.8 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 per cent of its integrated circuits and electronic components imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008




China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

93

Table II.54

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters Singapore 72.6 11.2 17.4 10 26 4 3

domestic exports 30.6 5.0 7.4 9 41 6 6 re-exports 41.9 6.2 10.1 10 17 2 1

European Union (27) 65.5 19.1 15.7 1 1 3 1 extra-EU (27) exports 26.9 7.2 6.4 2 4 5 -1

United States 50.7 20.4 12.2 -3 10 -5 0Hong Kong, China 50.6 - - 17 24 24 8

domestic exports 0.5 0.8 0.1 -19 -47 -46 8 re-exports 50.1 - - 20 28 25 8

Taipei, Chinese 47.4 7.1 11.4 10 49 6 0Japan 44.6 13.8 10.7 1 5 7 0China a 43.6 1.7 10.5 30 43 22 22Korea, Republic of 28.2 8.0 6.8 2 4 15 -14Malaysia a, b 27.1 6.1 6.5 5 7 10 -4Philippines a, b 15.6 5.4 3.7 -1 12 4 -10Thailand 8.2 1.9 2.0 4 27 11 -11Canada 2.9 1.1 0.7 -2 -17 7 27Mexico a 1.8 1.0 0.4 -6 -3 -17 1Switzerland 1.3 0.2 0.3 8 0 22 24Costa Rica 1.1 0.0 0.3 46 51 9 -20

Above 15 410.9 97.7 98.6 - - - -Importers

China a, c 148.1 6.4 30.0 28 28 19 2European Union (27) 80.1 22.9 16.2 1 1 1 11

extra-EU (27) imports 41.5 11.9 8.4 1 4 1 20Hong Kong, China 61.8 - - 15 19 22 2

retained imports 11.7 2.7 2.4 4 -1 14 -19Singapore 52.1 9.3 10.6 7 19 4 1

retained imports 10.2 3.5 2.1 -2 27 14 -3Malaysia a 30.4 7.5 6.2 3 12 4 -7Taipei, Chinese 30.0 7.2 6.1 3 12 -3 -3Korea, Republic of 29.8 6.2 6.0 5 4 15 5United States 26.3 15.1 5.3 -8 5 -3 -3Japan 23.8 6.0 4.8 2 16 -2 -1Philippines b 14.1 3.3 2.9 4 9 0 -22Mexico a, d 10.7 4.3 2.2 -3 3 -7 -3Thailand 10.4 2.5 2.1 3 6 9 -6Brazil 4.4 0.8 0.9 7 16 -4 18Canada d 4.2 2.5 0.8 -8 -4 -6 5Indonesia 2.0 0.0 0.4 48 7 8 919

Above 15 478.1 96.8 96.9 - - - -



Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2008


c In 2008, China reported imports of integrated circuits and electronic components from China amounting to 18.2 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

94

Table II.55

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 308451 390843 412705 416936 4.9 2.7Australia 20 132 236 283 275 0.2 0.1Belarus - 33 37 47 54 0.4 0.2Brazil 79 231 160 47 118 0.4 0.1Canada 1271 3459 2165 2306 2918 1.3 0.6China b 128 5352 29209 35671 43573 2.1 3.1Costa Rica b ... 51 1226 1342 1072 0.9 11.1Croatia ... 3 74 117 157 0.1 1.1European Union (27) - 58793 63003 64650 65548 2.4 1.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 36440 37136 37541 38671 2.2 1.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 22353 25867 27109 26877 2.8 1.4Hong Kong, China 2562 14046 37881 46969 50579 6.9 13.7 domestic exports 550 2520 809 440 476 10.7 2.8 re-exports 2012 11525 37072 46348 50103 6.4 14.2India 39 72 226 310 600 0.2 0.3Indonesia 18 739 704 791 828 1.1 0.6Israel 143 1782 1509 1525 1056 5.7 1.7Japan 13391 42454 41725 44619 44608 8.9 5.7Korea, Republic of 5364 24688 28486 32736 28189 14.3 6.7Malaysia b, c 4321 18729 25509 28091 27060 19.1 13.6Mexico b ... 3064 2158 1801 1825 1.8 0.6Morocco b 110 480 732 726 626 6.5 3.1New Zealand 1 17 73 100 85 0.1 0.3Norway 11 30 206 277 553 0.1 0.3Philippines b, c 1053 16663 16743 17355 15573 41.9 31.8Russian Federation - 97 152 178 218 0.1 0.0Singapore 3675 34436 | 67861 70320 72557 25.0 21.5 domestic exports 2844 15433 | 27418 28987 30646 19.6 17.4 re-exports 830 19003 | 40442 41333 41912 32.2 25.8South Africa ... 25 134 136 199 0.1 0.2Switzerland 231 677 | 829 1009 1251 0.8 0.6Taipei, Chinese 2435 21767 44681 47415 47379 14.7 18.5Thailand 901 5877 8311 9238 8210 8.5 4.6Tunisia 0 19 74 65 69 0.3 0.4Turkey 1 11 40 38 46 0.0 0.0Ukraine - 10 29 26 51 0.1 0.1United Arab Emirates c ... 21 382 345 378 0.0 0.2United States 13991 62824 53091 50413 50658 8.0 3.9Viet Nam c ... 85 202 230 285 0.6 0.5


Value

Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

95

Table II.56

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 27 34 89 46 46 0.4 0.1Argentina 62 194 308 320 274 0.8 0.5Australia b 263 867 832 881 915 1.2 0.5Belarus - 45 79 85 87 0.5 0.2Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 14 41 72 117 152 0.3 0.3Brazil c 490 2568 3894 3741 4405 4.6 2.5Canada b 2333 8314 4247 4002 4189 3.5 1.0Chile 9 67 142 75 60 0.4 0.1China d 747 21156 121722 145264 148125 9.4 13.1Colombia 24 31 77 105 107 0.3 0.3Costa Rica d 10 688 1869 1294 1537 10.8 10.0Croatia ... 17 83 125 176 0.2 0.6Egypt 16 36 27 79 86 0.3 0.2European Union (27) e - 75316 71183 72148 80138 2.9 1.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 39219 34099 34607 41467 4.3 1.8Hong Kong, China 3705 20286 49746 60813 61768 9 16 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 251 523 1120 1286 1575 1.0 0.5Indonesia 156 87 184 199 2024 0.2 1.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 120 270 179 217 0.9 0.4Israel 198 1508 1142 1022 1136 4.0 1.7Japan 3319 19846 24693 24130 23804 5.2 3.1Korea, Republic of 4560 20470 24713 28415 29781 12.8 6.8Malaysia d 3812 24513 31299 32480 30357 29.9 19.3Mexico b, d ... 13961 11946 11082 10737 8.0 3.5Morocco d 109 291 376 550 448 2.5 1.1New Zealand 20 75 114 133 112 0.5 0.3Norway 110 216 257 286 351 0.6 0.4Pakistan 6 9 86 52 69 0.1 0.2Philippines f 1021 10678 18079 18080 14127 28.8 23.4Russian Federation f - 161 674 590 555 0.4 0.2Saudi Arabia f 8 51 124 204 281 0.2 0.2Singapore 4489 30556 | 49646 51795 52094 22.7 16.3 retained imports 3659 11553 | 9203 10462 10183 15.3 6.5South Africa b ... 301 381 423 437 1.1 0.5Switzerland 377 965 891 1037 1123 1.2 0.6Taipei, Chinese 4119 23740 31918 30999 30018 17.0 12.5Thailand 1313 8366 10130 11061 10350 13.5 5.8Tunisia 27 35 121 147 235 0.4 1.0Turkey 361 937 1432 1201 947 1.7 0.5Ukraine - 36 160 239 247 0.3 0.3United Arab Emirates f ... 100 300 258 330 0.3 0.2United States 13139 49581 28128 27203 26306 3.9 1.2Viet Nam f ... 490 637 976 1166 3.1 1.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

96

4.4. Automotive products

Table II.57

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1233.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 18 3Europe

World 676.9 100.0 100.0 50.3 54.9 11 20 2Europe 517.4 80.0 76.4 40.2 41.9 11 21 -1North America 50.1 10.3 7.4 5.2 4.1 7 2 -7Asia 34.7 4.3 5.1 2.2 2.8 14 24 11Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 32.4 0.7 4.8 0.3 2.6 42 61 40Africa 16.6 1.9 2.4 0.9 1.3 15 13 13Middle East 15.6 1.5 2.3 0.8 1.3 17 19 46South and Central America 8.5 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.7 11 31 19

AsiaWorld 289.9 100.0 100.0 19.8 23.5 12 18 9North America 82.7 49.5 28.5 9.8 6.7 5 2 -6Asia 69.1 19.1 23.8 3.8 5.6 15 21 19Europe 47.0 18.5 16.2 3.7 3.8 10 16 -3Middle East 32.9 6.0 11.3 1.2 2.7 22 40 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 25.8 0.4 8.9 0.1 2.1 68 78 42South and Central America 15.9 3.9 5.5 0.8 1.3 17 45 16Africa 15.8 2.5 5.5 0.5 1.3 24 31 22

JapanWorld 171.1 100.0 100.0 15.3 13.9 9 14 8North America 59.4 54.5 34.7 8.3 4.8 3 1 -8Asia 35.6 17.1 20.8 2.6 2.9 11 19 18Europe 27.4 17.4 16.0 2.6 2.2 8 19 0Middle East 19.0 5.1 11.1 0.8 1.5 20 42 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14.6 0.2 8.5 0.0 1.2 71 53 57Africa 7.4 2.1 4.3 0.3 0.6 19 25 20South and Central America 7.3 3.5 4.2 0.5 0.6 11 30 10

Other economies in AsiaWorld 118.8 100.0 100.0 4.6 9.6 21 25 12Asia 33.5 25.8 28.2 1.2 2.7 22 22 19North America 23.3 32.9 19.6 1.5 1.9 13 6 2Europe 19.6 22.4 16.5 1.0 1.6 16 12 -6Middle East 13.9 8.7 11.7 0.4 1.1 25 37 25Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 11.2 0.8 9.4 0.0 0.9 65 114 26South and Central America 8.7 5.4 7.3 0.2 0.7 25 63 22Africa 8.4 3.7 7.1 0.2 0.7 31 37 25

North AmericaWorld 209.4 100.0 100.0 27.5 17.0 4 8 -5North America 151.2 88.6 72.2 24.3 12.3 1 2 -12Europe 23.3 4.9 11.1 1.3 1.9 15 33 12Asia 9.7 3.6 4.7 1.0 0.8 7 21 5Middle East 9.7 0.9 4.6 0.3 0.8 26 19 54South and Central America 9.1 1.7 4.4 0.5 0.7 16 33 13Africa 3.6 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 31 64 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 56 78 41


Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

97

Table II.58


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 62638 100.0 4 6 -9 World 199229 100.0 2 0 -10North America 48823 77.9 2 6 -11 North America 84187 42.3 0 0 -16Asia 8924 14.2 10 7 0 Asia 71958 36.1 4 0 -4Europe 4605 7.4 13 6 13 Europe 39947 20.1 4 1 -9South and Central America 268 0.4 11 16 -20 Africa 1966 1.0 37 8 249Africa 11 0.0 0 -22 57 South and Central America 1085 0.5 2 -33 -19Middle East 5 0.0 12 -20 25 Middle East 78 0.0 13 5 20CIS 2 0.0 ... ... 100 CIS 8 0.0 13 150 60

Economy Economy United States 44283 70.7 2 5 -13 Japan 53165 26.7 2 -1 -6Japan 6079 9.7 7 7 -2 Canada 49054 24.6 -2 -1 -22European Union (27) 4586 7.3 13 6 13 European Union (27) 39712 19.9 4 1 -9Mexico 4195 6.7 6 12 3 Mexico 35133 17.6 3 3 -5Korea, Republic of 1606 2.6 15 6 3 Korea, Republic of 10159 5.1 8 -2 -8

Above 5 60749 97.0 - - - Above 5 187224 94.0 - - -China 845 1.3 39 6 5 China 4749 2.4 29 31 2Canada 336 0.5 ... 12 -3 South Africa 1961 1.0 38 9 251Brazil 250 0.4 11 22 -19 Taipei, Chinese 1735 0.9 8 9 1Taipei, Chinese 164 0.3 10 5 10 Australia 980 0.5 10 -63 628Australia 89 0.1 26 64 145 Brazil 865 0.4 3 -36 -15India 29 0.0 19 25 -17 India 480 0.2 18 18 6Thailand 24 0.0 31 28 -12 Thailand 289 0.1 17 18 0Malaysia 15 0.0 26 77 29 Switzerland 113 0.1 -1 16 -21South Africa 11 0.0 0 -33 83 Philippines 105 0.1 9 5 2Viet Nam 10 0.0 200 63 -3 Turkey 101 0.1 17 -11 19Switzerland 9 0.0 -8 -11 -2 Indonesia 81 0.0 5 -10 -37Turkey 7 0.0 22 1 -10 Israel 71 0.0 13 9 22Argentina 6 0.0 18 12 -19 Argentina 70 0.0 8 -16 -27Honduras 6 0.0 9 -1 31 Malaysia 67 0.0 16 1 11Israel 5 0.0 9 -27 66 Viet Nam 61 0.0 121 57 60Indonesia 5 0.0 21 -14 7 Honduras 43 0.0 17 60 8Philippines 3 0.0 31 -68 216 Hong Kong, China 43 0.0 2 -31 -9Norway 3 0.0 9 60 -17 Singapore 38 0.0 -7 -2 -43Chile 2 0.0 30 -4 20 Dominican Republic 33 0.0 18 -18 1Hong Kong, China 2 0.0 2 -2 -28 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 30 0.0 -22 -55 -58Sri Lanka 2 0.0 154 67 -18 Norway 21 0.0 -6 -44 -30Singapore 2 0.0 -18 -26 -52 Costa Rica 17 0.0 25 9 -26Costa Rica 1 0.0 42 170 9 Chile 15 0.0 12 195 -51Dominican Republic 1 0.0 119 1 -1 Russian Federation 8 0.0 30 100 100Georgia 1 0.0 63 1046 228 United Arab Emirates 7 0.0 22 -30 16Belize 1 0.0 44 -61 2257 Colombia 6 0.0 15 16 -12United Arab Emirates 0 0.0 ... 50 -33 New Zealand 3 0.0 -31 -12 -34Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 0 0.0 -18 -44 -96 Pakistan 2 0.0 7 113 -71Egypt 0 0.0 64 -13 225 Egypt 2 0.0 57 -32 106Peru 0 0.0 64 97 176 Suriname 1 0.0 66 124 21

Above 35 62577 99.9 - - - Above 35 199219 100.0 - - -

Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

98



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 31760 100.0 5 6 1 World 546346 100.0 11 20 -1North America 19230 60.5 2 5 -4 Europe 484997 88.8 11 21 -1Asia 5047 15.9 20 17 7 Asia 39159 7.2 8 13 -5Europe 4940 15.6 10 10 20 North America 16716 3.1 12 27 5South and Central America 2519 7.9 12 -7 -8 South and Central America 2689 0.5 14 7 33Africa 12 0.0 ... 14 -25 Africa 2219 0.4 13 8 20Middle East 3 0.0 ... -40 0 CIS 305 0.1 8 5 4CIS 0 0.0 ... 0 -100 Middle East 162 0.0 10 61 -35

Economy Economy United States 17417 54.8 2 6 -4 European Union (27) 468178 85.7 10 21 -2European Union (27) 4869 15.3 10 11 20 Japan 23791 4.4 5 10 0Japan 3079 9.7 14 12 -3 Turkey 14270 2.6 36 32 11Canada 1730 5.4 7 -6 -2 United States 12301 2.3 11 22 0Brazil 1629 5.1 9 -20 -9 Korea, Republic of 7538 1.4 9 7 -29

Above 5 28724 90.4 - - - Above 5 526078 96.3 - - -Korea, Republic of 719 2.3 34 16 26 Mexico 3993 0.7 22 57 26China 692 2.2 81 56 35 China 3116 0.6 43 58 28Argentina 484 1.5 34 -1 -10 Brazil 2081 0.4 13 3 28Chile 196 0.6 6 594 52 India 1816 0.3 31 38 50Taipei, Chinese 175 0.6 19 27 25 South Africa 1725 0.3 13 -1 28India 169 0.5 52 15 -2 Thailand 1439 0.3 9 30 -17Colombia 104 0.3 76 -32 6375 Switzerland 1407 0.3 10 25 -1Thailand 77 0.2 73 31 152 Taipei, Chinese 823 0.2 17 28 8Turkey 58 0.2 33 -39 56 Norway 773 0.1 7 19 -7Indonesia 44 0.1 76 567 153 Argentina 577 0.1 17 19 58Peru 39 0.1 183 -14 120975 Canada 423 0.1 5 8 -18Australia 32 0.1 21 -13 482 Tunisia 298 0.1 18 29 3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 14 0.0 32 164 -93 Croatia 171 0.0 27 42 13Switzerland 14 0.0 -4 -16 -33 Russian Federation 158 0.0 4 1 -11South Africa 11 0.0 ... 7 -27 Morocco 132 0.0 22 103 -12Philippines 7 0.0 34 18 -21 Australia 128 0.0 6 -26 -5Uruguay 7 0.0 ... -11 1483 Indonesia 126 0.0 29 3 18Hong Kong, China 3 0.0 37 182 -45 Malaysia 125 0.0 6 33 -12Israel 3 0.0 66 -43 31 Philippines 110 0.0 22 108 12Malaysia 3 0.0 2 -42 -59 Belarus 83 0.0 15 3 14Honduras 3 0.0 ... -14 -34 Bosnia and Herzegovina 71 0.0 33 21 27Singapore 2 0.0 14 48 -35 Israel 63 0.0 12 15 -1Costa Rica 2 0.0 41 143 -86 Ukraine 56 0.0 19 34 48Viet Nam 1 0.0 ... 335 33 Serbia 51 0.0 ... 49 36Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 1 0.0 3 511 -51 Egypt 50 0.0 54 36 6Norway 1 0.0 20 35 -2 Hong Kong, China 45 0.0 19 70 16Ecuador 1 0.0 121 2054 2005 United Arab Emirates 42 0.0 13 45 -3Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0.0 ... ... ... Iceland 40 0.0 39 73 61Paraguay 0 0.0 ... ... ... Singapore 38 0.0 14 39 -32Aruba 0 0.0 56 -5 1247 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 27 0.0 29 256 -21New Zealand 0 0.0 90 -28 -11 Viet Nam 23 0.0 44 210 2Sri Lanka 0 0.0 40 149 -11 Sri Lanka 18 0.0 30 73 40Pakistan 0 0.0 37 21 -55 New Zealand 13 0.0 8 29 -23Haiti 0 0.0 39 -28 168 Saudi Arabia 12 0.0 -2 105 -84Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 8 0 Gibraltar 11 0.0 1 9 -76

Above 40 31588 99.5 - - - Above 40 546141 100.0 - - -



Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008


Mexico a European Union (27)

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

99

Table II.59

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008


extra-EU (27) exports 187.2 - - 12.3 15.2 13 11 17 11Japan 171.0 19.8 20.8 15.3 13.9 9 13 14 8United States 111.5 11.9 10.2 11.6 9.0 7 11 14 2Canada 51.7 6.9 8.9 10.5 4.2 -2 -1 -1 -22Korea, Republic of 48.8 0.1 0.7 2.6 4.0 16 14 15 -1Mexico a 46.1 0.3 1.4 5.3 3.7 5 20 6 2China a 28.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.3 44 45 60 24Turkey 17.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 36 25 33 15Thailand 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 27 24 28 28United Arab Emirates b 15.3 ... 0.0 0.2 1.2 38 126 75 -13Brazil 14.7 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 15 9 1 12South Africa 7.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 21 14 8 44Argentina 6.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 15 37 31 21India 4.9 ... 0.1 0.1 0.4 30 15 16 40Australia 4.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 9 -7 13 18

Above 15 1201.0 - - 98.2 97.4 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 546.3 - - 41.3 43.8 11 10 20 -1 extra-EU (27) imports 78.2 - - 5.4 6.3 12 18 19 1

United States 199.2 20.3 24.7 28.7 16.0 2 7 0 -10Canada c 62.6 8.7 7.7 7.8 5.0 4 10 6 -9Russian Federation b 47.4 - - 0.4 3.8 45 64 65 44Mexico a, c 30.6 1.8 0.3 3.4 2.5 5 13 6 2China a 29.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.3 29 37 29 21Australia c 21.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 12 3 25 11Japan 15.9 0.5 2.3 1.7 1.3 6 5 11 3Saudi Arabia b 15.9 2.7 0.9 0.6 1.3 19 6 15 32Turkey 15.2 ... 0.4 1.0 1.2 13 8 14 3Brazil 13.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.1 16 27 39 58United Arab Emirates b 12.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 23 20 11 45Switzerland 11.5 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.9 8 4 15 16Ukraine 11.4 - - 0.1 0.9 50 61 60 43South Africa b, c 11.3 ... ... 0.4 0.9 21 15 15 -8

Above 15 1043.7 - - 89.5 83.7 - - - -

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

100

Table II.60

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 318959 | 577153 1022506 1202669 1233545 9.2 7.8Argentina 200 2108 4178 5479 6654 8.0 9.4Australia 726 2151 3267 3697 4366 3.4 2.3Belarus - 740 1466 2003 2192 10.1 6.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 73 223 456 293 79 0.7 0.1Brazil 2034 4683 13038 13134 14750 8.5 7.5Canada 28442 60656 66339 65831 51666 21.9 11.3Chile 18 203 184 346 326 1.1 0.5China b 258 1581 14410 23028 28666 0.6 2.0Colombia 6 226 744 1130 533 1.7 1.4Côte d'Ivoire ... 11 174 185 37 0.3 0.4Croatia ... 45 146 209 248 1.0 1.8Ecuador 1 60 345 243 404 1.2 2.2European Union (27) - 287180 538388 644882 655386 11.7 11.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 216416 394352 475693 468178 13.0 11.8 extra-EU (27) exports - 70764 144036 169189 187208 9.0 9.7Hong Kong, China 354 764 1290 1459 1760 0.4 0.5 domestic exports 27 23 14 24 15 0.1 0.1 re-exports 328 741 1276 1435 1745 0.4 0.5India 198 581 3003 3471 4869 1.4 2.7Indonesia 22 369 1590 2150 2783 0.6 2.0Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 61 229 687 803 0.2 0.7Israel 31 31 125 319 152 0.1 0.2Japan 66195 88082 139161 158762 171012 18.4 21.9Jordan 19 62 114 142 260 3.3 3.3Korea, Republic of 2301 15194 43059 49484 48842 8.8 11.6Malaysia b 121 307 920 1122 1154 0.3 0.6Mexico b 4383 30655 42630 45256 46139 18.4 15.8Morocco b 28 24 115 166 206 0.3 1.0Norway 305 459 762 907 983 0.8 0.6Philippines b 23 583 1543 1782 2196 1.5 4.5Qatar 32 32 121 197 431 0.3 0.7Russian Federation - 959 2917 3638 3863 0.9 0.8Saudi Arabia c 229 59 1032 1288 291 0.1 0.1Singapore 348 678 | 2396 2864 3399 0.5 1.0 domestic exports c 82 90 | 28 47 56 0.1 0.0 re-exports c 266 588 | 2368 2817 3343 1.0 2.1South Africa 249 1708 4970 5369 7737 5.7 9.6Switzerland 591 772 | 1623 2001 2017 1.0 1.0Taipei, Chinese 829 2221 3885 4138 4195 1.5 1.6Thailand 108 2417 9891 12669 16227 3.5 9.1Tunisia 30 63 335 352 350 1.1 1.8Turkey 153 1517 11689 15582 17873 5.5 13.5Ukraine - 145 548 933 1134 1.0 1.7United Arab Emirates c 1 1144 10006 17477 15272 2.3 6.6United States 32547 67195 95264 109050 111529 8.6 8.7Viet Nam c ... 8 303 424 578 0.1 0.9


Value

Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

101

Table II.61

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 658 615 2315 3453 4664 6.7 11.8Argentina 183 2805 5511 7160 9560 11.2 16.7Australia b 3794 8550 15690 19563 21675 12.0 11.3Bahrain c 152 214 623 896 975 4.6 7.8Bangladesh c, d 77 191 287 331 424 2.2 1.8Belarus - 297 911 1339 2082 3.4 5.3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 426 1451 4666 7238 2884 9.9 5.8Brazil e 532 4154 6007 8345 13189 7.4 7.6Canada b 24640 46276 64496 68462 62638 19.3 15.3Chile 579 1507 3354 4122 5057 8.1 8.2China f 1796 3798 18580 24029 29051 1.7 2.6Colombia 416 590 2879 3868 3515 5.1 8.9Croatia ... 831 1877 2279 2508 10.5 8.2Ecuador 157 184 1347 1302 1782 4.9 9.5Egypt 416 514 924 1089 2665 3.7 5.5Ethiopia c 114 141 701 593 530 11.2 6.9European Union (27) g - 245244 459006 552888 546346 9.5 8.7 extra-EU (27) imports - 32091 64986 77195 78168 3.5 3.4Ghana ... 331 780 1104 1256 11.1 12.2Guatemala f 117 481 | 874 925 855 10.0 5.9Hong Kong, China 994 2195 2394 2796 3406 1.0 0.9 retained imports 666 1455 1118 1361 1661 4.2 3.5India 260 431 1457 2190 3586 0.8 1.2Indonesia 1523 1870 2481 2597 6000 4.3 4.8Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 770 3036 4329 6158 5.5 10.7Israel 871 2298 2563 3339 4018 6.1 5.9Japan 7327 9957 13892 15354 15855 2.6 2.1Jordan 108 519 1001 977 1173 11.3 6.9Kazakhstan - 435 2537 4230 2361 8.6 6.2Kenya 255 156 575 726 798 5.0 7.2Korea, Republic of 929 1773 5210 6684 7250 1.1 1.7Kuwait 453 1141 2576 3200 3934 15.9 15.8Lebanon b, c ... 535 944 2015 2260 8.6 13.5Malaysia f 1312 1833 3221 3223 4002 2.2 2.6Mexico b, f 933 20003 28386 30094 30551 11.5 9.9Morocco f 317 471 1415 2102 2849 4.1 6.8New Zealand 1012 1480 2787 3431 3156 10.6 9.2Norway 1419 2597 5951 7413 7577 7.6 8.5Oman 429 1109 2723 3781 5669 21.6 24.7Pakistan 390 324 1544 1214 1026 3.0 2.4Panama 111 332 516 773 870 9.8 9.6Peru c 176 510 937 1432 2095 6.9 7.0Philippines 537 974 1142 1461 1729 2.6 2.9Qatar 202 409 1027 2616 3281 12.6 12.2Russian Federation c - 2381 20012 32934 47368 5.3 16.2Saudi Arabia c 2839 3815 10437 12024 15854 12.6 13.8Singapore 1418 2417 | 3698 4025 4978 1.8 1.6 retained imports c 1152 1829 | 1330 1207 1943 2.4 1.2South Africa b, c ... 2401 10616 12245 11280 9.0 12.9Sudan ... 155 1189 993 906 10.0 9.9Switzerland 6048 6222 8664 9969 11521 7.5 6.3Syrian Arab Republic c 75 184 | 1018 1001 1265 4.8 6.9Taipei, Chinese 2565 2676 3058 2904 2450 1.9 1.0Thailand 2651 2084 4231 4793 5965 3.4 3.3Tunisia 306 595 1015 1243 1478 6.9 6.0Turkey 1177 5831 12917 14684 15155 10.7 7.5Ukraine - 446 4996 8006 11443 3.2 13.4United Arab Emirates c 964 2384 7825 8688 12576 6.8 7.6United States 79320 170195 220221 220770 199229 13.5 9.2Viet Nam ... 294 837 1578 ... 1.9 2.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

102

4.5. Textiles

Table II.62

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 250.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 9 4Asia

World 123.9 100.0 100.0 43.9 49.5 8 8 9Asia 54.7 57.0 44.1 25.0 21.9 4 3 6Europe 22.3 14.2 18.0 6.2 8.9 11 16 5North America 17.7 13.2 14.3 5.8 7.1 9 0 2Africa 8.8 4.0 7.1 1.8 3.5 16 19 20Middle East 8.7 6.3 7.0 2.8 3.5 9 9 18South and Central America 6.6 4.5 5.3 2.0 2.6 10 28 14Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.0 0.8 4.0 0.3 2.0 32 35 54

ChinaWorld 65.3 100.0 100.0 10.3 26.1 19 15 17Asia 24.0 54.8 36.8 5.6 9.6 13 11 12Europe 12.1 15.6 18.5 1.6 4.8 22 21 15North America 10.5 15.0 16.1 1.5 4.2 20 6 6Africa 6.1 5.3 9.3 0.5 2.4 28 21 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.4 1.3 6.8 0.1 1.8 47 36 59Middle East 4.2 4.1 6.4 0.4 1.7 26 12 20South and Central America 4.0 3.9 6.1 0.4 1.6 26 37 26

Other economies in AsiaWorld 58.7 100.0 100.0 33.6 23.4 1 2 1Asia 30.7 57.6 52.3 19.4 12.3 0 -1 2Europe 10.2 13.7 17.4 4.6 4.1 4 11 -4North America 7.2 12.6 12.3 4.2 2.9 1 -6 -4Middle East 4.5 7.0 7.6 2.4 1.8 2 6 16Africa 2.8 3.6 4.7 1.2 1.1 5 14 5South and Central America 2.6 4.7 4.5 1.6 1.1 1 18 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.2 7 28 21

EuropeWorld 92.1 100.0 100.0 39.6 36.8 5 11 -1Europe 68.9 77.3 74.8 30.6 27.5 5 12 -3Africa 5.7 5.4 6.2 2.1 2.3 7 18 9Asia 5.6 5.8 6.1 2.3 2.2 6 8 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.3 1.8 4.7 0.7 1.7 18 20 12North America 4.2 6.3 4.5 2.5 1.7 1 1 -11Middle East 2.1 1.9 2.2 0.8 0.8 7 10 21South and Central America 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 3 20 7

North AmericaWorld 16.5 100.0 100.0 10.0 6.6 1 -2 -3North America 9.2 69.0 55.7 6.9 3.7 -2 -5 -8South and Central America 3.5 10.2 21.4 1.0 1.4 10 5 3Asia 1.9 9.3 11.7 0.9 0.8 4 0 7Europe 1.5 9.9 9.1 1.0 0.6 0 4 1Middle East 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 20Africa 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 6 0 50Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 -5 0


Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

103

Table II.63


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 4431 100.0 1 2 -2 World 23128 100.0 5 3 -4North America 2384 53.8 -2 -3 -6 Asia 15018 64.9 8 4 0Asia 1437 32.4 6 9 3 Europe 3607 15.6 1 3 -10Europe 511 11.5 2 5 2 North America 3018 13.0 -2 -3 -16Middle East 40 0.9 5 0 -2 South and Central America 619 2.7 5 6 -8South and Central America 34 0.8 -5 26 -29 Middle East 594 2.6 4 3 3Africa 23 0.5 8 40 10 Africa 224 1.0 4 -7 -2CIS 2 0.0 9 -33 0 CIS 49 0.2 -7 47 -13

Economy Economy United States 2249 50.8 -2 -3 -5 China 7883 34.1 19 10 3China 819 18.5 16 15 7 European Union (27) 2922 12.6 0 4 -10European Union (27) 440 9.9 2 5 2 India 2408 10.4 9 3 3India 183 4.1 6 7 -7 Pakistan 1619 7.0 6 -11 -5Mexico 118 2.7 4 -1 -17 Canada 1518 6.6 -3 -6 -18

Above 5 3809 86.0 - - - Above 5 16350 70.7 - - -Pakistan 88 2.0 -2 -7 -9 Mexico 1500 6.5 -1 0 -14Korea, Republic of 77 1.7 -6 -3 -1 Korea, Republic of 795 3.4 -3 -7 -12Taipei, Chinese 67 1.5 -5 -7 1 Taipei, Chinese 608 2.6 -3 0 -5Turkey 55 1.2 7 9 3 Turkey 582 2.5 3 0 -9Bangladesh 51 1.1 28 28 18 Japan 579 2.5 -1 2 -3Japan 38 0.9 -2 3 -7 Israel 355 1.5 5 -4 7Israel 30 0.7 15 8 0 Brazil 348 1.5 7 9 -16Viet Nam 27 0.6 25 98 49 Thailand 342 1.5 -1 1 9Indonesia 25 0.6 -8 -4 -18 Indonesia 224 1.0 1 2 -5Thailand 20 0.4 -2 3 13 Egypt 185 0.8 6 -4 0Egypt 18 0.4 14 47 14 Bangladesh 130 0.6 3 3 8Canada b 17 0.4 ... -10 -13 Viet Nam 112 0.5 72 18 15Brazil 13 0.3 -9 42 -52 Dominican Republic 93 0.4 13 3 2Switzerland 12 0.3 3 10 -13 Switzerland 84 0.4 -2 -9 -4Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6 0.1 -9 -14 -23 Bahrain 75 0.3 19 84 37Nepal 6 0.1 17 30 26 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 64 0.3 -7 -16 -36Australia 5 0.1 -6 24 9 United Arab Emirates 55 0.2 13 24 20Malaysia 5 0.1 -2 -5 10 Philippines 53 0.2 -11 1 -12Cambodia 4 0.1 120 66 150 Nepal 52 0.2 3 15 8Colombia 4 0.1 2 -13 -25 Malaysia 51 0.2 -7 -17 -7New Zealand 4 0.1 11 3 -8 Colombia 48 0.2 3 7 -16Hong Kong, China 3 0.1 -22 -5 -8 Australia 48 0.2 2 -1 28Uruguay 3 0.1 -2 73 23 Hong Kong, China 43 0.2 -19 -10 -23Peru 3 0.1 4 58 46 Saudi Arabia 43 0.2 10 59 3Chile 3 0.1 -5 119 28 El Salvador 37 0.2 1 -20 82Philippines 2 0.1 -3 -5 2 South Africa 30 0.1 -2 -17 -12El Salvador 2 0.0 15 -9 50 Sri Lanka 27 0.1 -17 -6 -23South Africa 2 0.0 -11 -33 0 Peru 26 0.1 1 -9 24Argentina 2 0.0 23 63 -60 New Zealand 24 0.1 1 -5 6Dominican Republic 2 0.0 -17 -11 -8 Ukraine 19 0.1 19 842 2Sri Lanka 1 0.0 -9 18 -43 Norway 16 0.1 13 284 0Tunisia 1 0.0 54 108 39 Guatemala 15 0.1 2 1 0Saudi Arabia 1 0.0 -7 -13 10 Costa Rica 12 0.1 -3 -24 53United Arab Emirates 1 0.0 -1 -20 250 Turkmenistan 11 0.0 16 34 -43Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 0 0 Cambodia 11 0.0 8 -29 -4

Above 40 4410 99.5 - - - Above 40 23047 99.7 - - -

Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008





ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

104



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 5631 100.0 -1 -5 -5 World 83962 100.0 5 12 -2North America 3736 66.3 -3 -5 -11 Europe 62592 74.5 4 11 -3Asia 1099 19.5 4 -13 18 Asia 17469 20.8 9 17 5Europe 524 9.3 11 5 -1 North America 1422 1.7 -2 4 -1South and Central America 252 4.5 13 6 3 Africa 1148 1.4 5 17 -2Middle East 14 0.2 17 15 -7 Middle East 693 0.8 -1 6 -6Africa 4 0.1 19 0 0 CIS 423 0.5 2 -1 -9CIS 2 0.0 9 0 0 South and Central America 178 0.2 0 -3 -4

Economy Economy United States 3633 64.5 -4 -4 -11 European Union (27) 56035 66.7 4 11 -4China c 523 9.3 20 -19 18 China 8343 9.9 20 22 12European Union (27) 492 8.7 11 1 1 Turkey 4902 5.8 11 13 -4Korea, Republic of 120 2.1 -13 -13 11 India 3138 3.7 7 16 -1Taipei, Chinese 111 2.0 -2 -8 10 Pakistan 2151 2.6 10 21 2

Above 5 4880 86.7 - - - Above 5 74569 88.8 - - -Canada 98 1.7 2 -21 -4 Switzerland 1285 1.5 1 13 -2Brazil 96 1.7 26 40 5 United States 1279 1.5 -2 3 0India 86 1.5 22 30 41 Korea, Republic of 825 1.0 -3 12 -5Pakistan 56 1.0 12 -2 52 Japan 682 0.8 -1 8 6Colombia 50 0.9 8 1 -1 Indonesia 523 0.6 -2 9 -10Indonesia 47 0.8 6 -11 2 Taipei, Chinese 462 0.6 -5 4 -2Japan 43 0.8 6 -26 0 Egypt 426 0.5 4 14 -2Guatemala 33 0.6 22 -8 17 Bangladesh 387 0.5 16 26 11Thailand 31 0.6 8 7 12 Tunisia 380 0.5 12 28 1Malaysia 29 0.5 17 -28 110 Thailand 365 0.4 0 4 -5Turkey 22 0.4 12 127 -35 Israel 342 0.4 6 12 7Dominican Republic 16 0.3 83 29 34 Morocco 184 0.2 8 22 12Israel 13 0.2 21 11 -1 Viet Nam 182 0.2 16 24 -3El Salvador 12 0.2 19 4 26 Malaysia 164 0.2 2 -9 3Peru 9 0.2 21 -17 82 Norway 159 0.2 4 1 2Switzerland 9 0.2 10 5 16 United Arab Emirates 123 0.1 10 39 4Chile 8 0.1 -10 -22 -62 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 121 0.1 -11 -11 -29Viet Nam 8 0.1 36 64 57 Belarus 109 0.1 8 17 -8Hong Kong, China 7 0.1 -16 -16 6 Croatia 103 0.1 5 20 7Uruguay 6 0.1 -4 -38 -26 South Africa 95 0.1 2 5 -19Bangladesh 6 0.1 2 18 -23 Canada 86 0.1 -3 4 -4Philippines 5 0.1 23 -21 -9 Brazil 83 0.1 -4 -11 -17Argentina 4 0.1 8 15 -3 Hong Kong, China 77 0.1 1 -7 15Costa Rica 3 0.0 0 -31 -21 Ukraine 74 0.1 7 10 3Honduras 3 0.0 31 8 62 Uzbekistan 68 0.1 2 14 -7Australia 3 0.0 21 -22 208 Russian Federation 66 0.1 -10 -25 -34Egypt 2 0.0 26 52 11 Moldova 65 0.1 12 21 20Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -6 142 -29 Mexico 57 0.1 3 12 -15Ukraine 1 0.0 47 -1 -16 Syrian Arab Republic 57 0.1 -4 -9 -14Nicaragua 1 0.0 93 -81 7571 Nepal 52 0.1 -8 0 -6Singapore 1 0.0 -12 -23 71 Serbia 44 0.1 ... 36 10South Africa 1 0.0 ... -33 -50 Peru 42 0.1 6 12 5Nepal 1 0.0 17 92 -22 Philippines 41 0.0 4 -44 2Bolivia 1 0.0 16 103 14 Sri Lanka 40 0.0 0 14 -9Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1 0.0 0 5 47 FYR Macedonia 26 0.0 3 -3 6

Above 40 5591 99.3 - - - Above 40 83642 99.6 - - -





Mexico c European Union (27)

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

105



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 16228 100.0 3 2 -3 World 6947 100.0 4 2 10Asia 14166 87.3 2 0 -4 Asia 5844 84.1 6 4 12Europe 1338 8.2 18 18 12 Europe 771 11.1 1 -2 4North America 656 4.0 20 13 13 North America 270 3.9 -4 -13 4Middle East 35 0.2 28 22 59 Middle East 22 0.3 -7 0 -27South and Central America 16 0.1 30 0 7 South and Central America 17 0.2 -5 -36 21Africa 9 0.1 8 13 0 Africa 16 0.2 6 0 33CIS 6 0.0 -12 -8 -45 CIS 7 0.1 -8 0 -13

Economy Economy Japan 3276 20.2 2 0 4 China 3873 55.8 8 3 12China c 3185 19.6 12 3 -4 European Union (27) 689 9.9 0 -3 0Taipei, Chinese 2853 17.6 -1 -2 -9 Indonesia 404 5.8 3 5 10Korea, Republic of 2238 13.8 -2 -3 -6 Taipei, Chinese 368 5.3 4 9 3European Union (27) 1243 7.7 18 17 13 Korea, Republic of 353 5.1 -2 -2 10

Above 5 12794 78.8 - - - Above 5 5686 81.8 - - -Hong Kong, China 960 5.9 -4 -4 -14 United States 251 3.6 -4 -14 2United States 619 3.8 20 15 13 Thailand 235 3.4 9 23 20Pakistan 597 3.7 5 4 -18 Viet Nam 173 2.5 8 2 22Thailand 283 1.7 15 12 11 India 172 2.5 0 2 2India 219 1.4 1 12 19 Malaysia 102 1.5 1 24 28Indonesia 183 1.1 -1 -1 -4 Pakistan 76 1.1 -8 -7 16Viet Nam 139 0.9 31 44 106 Switzerland 45 0.7 7 -3 86Malaysia 101 0.6 3 8 -3 Turkey 35 0.5 7 27 6Turkey 55 0.3 31 40 -4 Philippines 31 0.4 2 -4 -3Philippines 45 0.3 33 -1 17 Bangladesh 17 0.2 3 1 27Switzerland 36 0.2 26 8 17 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 14 0.2 -11 -19 -32Singapore 33 0.2 -3 4 -18 Canada 13 0.2 7 -18 55Australia 31 0.2 8 13 -8 Brazil 13 0.2 -4 -38 30Canada 29 0.2 27 4 21 Macao, China 11 0.2 15 17 -10Saudi Arabia 14 0.1 48 90 56 Hong Kong, China 10 0.1 -2 -21 -24Israel 9 0.1 34 30 4 Australia 8 0.1 1 36 -29United Arab Emirates 9 0.1 22 -18 187 South Africa 7 0.1 28 25 40Brazil 8 0.0 ... 0 14 Egypt 5 0.1 -2 -7 27Mexico 8 0.0 30 -27 -27 Mexico 5 0.1 -7 20 -17Bangladesh 6 0.0 31 31 28 Uzbekistan 5 0.1 -11 -35 33Macao, China 5 0.0 -25 56 -61 Israel 5 0.1 9 44 3South Africa 4 0.0 19 33 0 Peru 3 0.0 -7 -12 -9New Zealand 4 0.0 9 -9 11 United Arab Emirates 3 0.0 43 202 -41Peru 3 0.0 15 52 -12 Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -1 8 -3Sri Lanka 3 0.0 4 26 77 Tanzania 2 0.0 1 3 27Norway 3 0.0 9 -37 58 New Zealand 2 0.0 0 -39 -18Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 3 0.0 31 9 21 Singapore 2 0.0 -8 1 -42Egypt 2 0.0 0 -29 29 Nepal 1 0.0 4 21 47Uruguay 2 0.0 35 -7 -17 Myanmar 1 0.0 4 16 42Russian Federation 2 0.0 -16 0 -67 Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 200 -67Belarus 1 0.0 -5 -6 -60 Belarus 1 0.0 22 33 5Nepal 1 0.0 19 -23 28 Tunisia 1 0.0 40 -38 13Colombia 1 0.0 30 8 123 Norway 1 0.0 13 -80 164Armenia 1 0.0 ... ... 274 Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 4 -55Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.0 ... 35 139 Saudi Arabia 0 0.0 -18 47 8

Above 40 16217 99.9 - - - Above 40 6940 99.9 - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 19.6 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b In 2008, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for 0.4 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.





China c Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

106

Table II.64

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 80.21 - - 36.1 32.1 4 5 11 -2

extra-EU (27) exports 24.17 - - 9.9 9.7 6 5 10 2China a 65.26 4.6 6.9 10.3 26.1 19 19 15 17United States 12.50 6.8 4.8 7.0 5.0 2 2 -2 1Hong Kong, China 12.26 - - - - -1 1 -4 -9

domestic exports 0.40 1.7 2.1 0.7 0.2 -13 -12 -13 -14 re-exports 11.86 - - - - 0 1 -3 -8

Korea, Republic of 10.37 4.0 5.8 8.1 4.1 -3 -3 3 0India 10.27 2.4 2.1 3.5 4.1 8 8 9 6Turkey 9.40 0.6 1.4 2.3 3.8 12 7 18 5Taipei, Chinese 9.22 3.2 5.9 7.6 3.7 -3 1 0 -5Japan 7.34 9.3 5.6 4.5 2.9 1 0 3 3Pakistan 7.19 1.6 2.6 2.9 2.9 6 5 -1 -3United Arab Emirates b 5.75 0.1 0.0 2.0 2.3 8 100 26 0Indonesia 3.67 0.1 1.2 2.2 1.5 1 8 6 -4Thailand 3.21 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 6 4 8 3Mexico a 1.99 0.2 0.7 1.6 0.8 -3 3 1 -10Canada 1.99 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 -1 -4 -2 -14

Above 15 228.76 - - 91.4 91.4 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 83.96 - - 34.3 31.9 5 7 12 -2 extra-EU (27) imports 27.93 - - 9.7 10.6 7 11 14 2

United States 23.13 4.5 6.2 9.5 8.8 5 4 3 -4China a, c 16.23 1.9 4.9 7.7 6.2 3 6 2 -3Hong Kong, China 12.31 - - - - -1 1 -3 -9

retained imports 0.45 3.7 3.8 0.9 0.2 -14 5 1 -25Japan 6.95 3.0 3.8 2.9 2.6 4 6 2 10Viet Nam b 6.05 ... ... 0.8 2.3 20 16 29 18Turkey 5.65 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 13 6 28 -6Russian Federation b 5.51 - - 0.8 2.1 20 26 22 25Mexico a, d 5.37 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.0 -1 -2 -5 -5United Arab Emirates b 4.77 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 11 10 15 16Canada d 4.43 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 1 2 2 -2Korea, Republic of 4.11 0.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 3 10 6 -1Indonesia 3.26 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 13 -3 8 315Brazil 2.95 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.1 14 38 37 35Thailand 2.44 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 5 4 5 13

Above 15 175.26 - - 69.7 66.7 - - - -

b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of textiles from China amounting to $3.2 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones



ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

107

Table II.65

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 104354 | 157295 220367 240364 250198 2.5 1.6Argentina 158 258 219 233 274 1.0 0.4Australia 153 347 312 340 319 0.5 0.2Bangladesh b, c 343 393 1494 884 1090 6.2 7.1Belarus - 410 504 567 588 5.6 1.8Brazil 769 895 1365 1436 1361 1.6 0.7Canada 687 2204 2369 2316 1988 0.8 0.4Chile 33 114 112 129 110 0.6 0.2China d 7219 16135 48678 55961 65256 6.5 4.6Colombia 133 268 383 628 858 2.1 2.3Croatia ... 87 113 132 141 2.0 1.0Egypt c 554 412 650 726 762 8.8 3.0El Salvador d 38 79 80 98 122 2.7 2.7European Union (27) - 56737 73846 81846 80207 2.3 1.4 intra-EU (27) exports - 41170 52310 58095 56035 2.5 1.4 extra-EU (27) exports - 15567 21536 23751 24172 2.0 1.3Guatemala 34 53 | 183 202 248 2.0 3.2Hong Kong, China 8213 13441 13910 13417 12256 6.6 3.3 domestic exports 2171 1176 530 462 396 5.0 2.3 re-exports 6042 12265 13380 12955 11860 6.8 3.4India 2180 5570 8909 9667 10267 13.1 5.8Indonesia 1241 3505 3614 3829 3675 5.4 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 510 766 766 676 498 2.7 0.4Israel 270 490 744 764 651 1.6 1.1Japan 5871 7023 6934 7108 7340 1.5 0.9Korea, Republic of 6076 12710 10110 10373 10371 7.4 2.5Macao, China 136 272 242 197 107 10.7 5.4Malaysia d 343 1270 1437 1470 1549 1.3 0.8Mauritius c, d 35 81 78 88 80 5.2 3.4Mexico d 713 2571 2192 2215 1993 1.5 0.7Morocco d 203 123 242 326 324 1.7 1.6Nepal 82 182 157 170 185 22.7 17.6New Zealand 135 142 262 304 280 1.1 0.9Norway 163 173 233 258 266 0.3 0.2Pakistan 2663 4532 7469 7371 7186 50.2 35.4Peru 221 128 199 250 313 1.8 1.0Philippines d 132 297 239 205 194 0.7 0.4Russian Federation - 430 537 550 554 0.4 0.1Saudi Arabia c 31 114 315 324 419 0.1 0.1Singapore 903 907 | 911 969 885 0.7 0.3 domestic exports 141 293 | 285 320 274 0.4 0.2 re-exports 762 614 | 626 649 611 1.0 0.4South Africa c 167 240 306 332 301 0.8 0.4Sri Lanka c 25 244 154 176 188 4.5 2.2Switzerland 2557 1503 | 1593 1761 1802 1.9 0.9Syrian Arab Republic c 555 158 | 820 1045 1016 3.4 7.1Taipei, Chinese 6128 11891 9780 9732 9220 8.0 3.6Tanzania c ... 11 39 56 44 1.7 1.4Thailand 928 1958 2873 3114 3211 2.8 1.8Tunisia 112 154 349 495 478 2.6 2.5Turkey 1440 3672 7585 8942 9399 13.2 7.1Ukraine - 127 244 290 289 0.9 0.4United Arab Emirates c 6 3137 4567 5761 5751 6.3 2.5United States 5039 10952 12680 12426 12496 1.4 1.0Viet Nam c ... 299 1058 1321 1639 2.1 2.6

b Figures refer to fiscal year.

d Includes significant exports from processing zones.

Value

Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2008


a Or nearest year.



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Table II.66

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Argentina 53 653 820 1000 1147 2.6 2.0Australia b 1445 1632 1837 2051 2210 2.3 1.2Bangladesh c, d 452 1350 1538 1206 1546 15.2 6.5Belarus - 256 427 487 591 3.0 1.5Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 112 286 644 1079 1427 2.0 2.9Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 241 294 329 ... 2.7Brazil e 252 1045 1599 2183 2947 1.9 1.7Cambodia d ... 432 1202 1350 ... 22.3 24.9Canada b 2325 4126 4472 4544 4431 1.7 1.1Chile 203 431 522 563 642 2.3 1.0China f 5292 12832 16358 16645 16228 5.7 1.4Colombia 75 558 864 988 999 4.8 2.5Costa Rica f 83 184 232 232 290 2.9 1.9Croatia ... 249 484 566 598 3.2 1.9Dominican Republic b, d, f ... 1173 941 838 774 12.4 4.8Egypt d 211 526 1094 1279 1628 3.8 3.4El Salvador d, f 111 325 672 694 693 6.6 7.1European Union (27) g - 57422 76329 85480 83962 2.2 1.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 16222 23927 27385 27927 1.8 1.2FYR Macedonia ... 27 339 425 464 1.3 6.8Guatemala f 38 59 | 1144 1043 990 1.2 6.8Honduras 26 501 1239 1413 1559 12.6 15.0Hong Kong, China 10182 13716 13975 13559 12313 6.4 3.1 retained imports 4140 1451 595 604 454 4.2 1.6India 240 578 1972 2123 2322 1.1 0.8Indonesia 785 1251 730 785 3262 2.9 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 298 412 375 428 2.1 0.7Israel 474 759 718 763 801 2.0 1.2Japan 4133 4935 6176 6297 6947 1.3 0.9Jordan 107 172 725 670 651 3.7 3.9Kenya 17 47 249 250 258 1.5 2.3Korea, Republic of 1947 3359 3909 4140 4112 2.1 0.9Kuwait 168 212 343 325 341 3.0 1.4Macao, China 619 902 618 485 310 40.0 5.8Madagascar d 20 200 314 417 536 18.2 13.3Malaysia f 951 1114 1063 1184 1121 1.4 0.7Mauritius d 336 411 266 290 264 19.6 5.7Mexico b, f 992 5822 5951 5661 5366 3.3 1.7Morocco f 361 1364 1915 2306 2296 11.8 5.5New Zealand 396 369 506 564 537 2.7 1.6Norway 554 509 772 927 1020 1.5 1.1Pakistan 126 130 551 579 589 1.2 1.4Peru d 17 165 358 472 691 2.2 2.3Philippines 910 1250 1244 1189 873 3.4 1.4Russian Federation d - 1316 3613 4408 5512 2.9 1.9Saudi Arabia d 1312 986 1204 1296 1655 3.3 1.4Singapore 1778 1275 | 1101 1174 1193 0.9 0.4 retained imports 1016 661 | 475 525 582 0.9 0.4South Africa b 561 570 975 1015 1019 2.1 1.2Sri Lanka d 412 1483 1540 1609 1694 20.7 12.1Switzerland 1849 1326 1800 2032 2177 1.6 1.2Syrian Arab Republic d 168 399 | 353 292 358 10.5 2.0Taipei, Chinese 1013 1460 1141 1188 1175 1.0 0.5Thailand 898 1630 2059 2160 2444 2.6 1.4Tunisia 790 1207 1594 1997 2088 14.1 8.5Turkey 567 2124 4686 6009 5646 3.9 2.8Ukraine - 450 916 984 1118 3.2 1.3United Arab Emirates d 983 2055 3567 4100 4771 5.9 2.9United States 6730 15985 23498 24089 23128 1.3 1.1Viet Nam d ... 1379 3988 5139 6048 8.8 7.5

d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.

Value

Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2008



g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year.

f Includes significant imports into processing zones.

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4.6. Clothing

Table II.67

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 361.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 12 5Asia

World 188.3 100.0 100.0 46.1 52.0 10 13 5Europe 59.7 23.7 31.7 10.9 16.5 14 0 17North America 56.9 39.3 30.2 18.1 15.7 6 7 -3Asia 39.7 29.4 21.1 13.6 11.0 5 10 2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 16.1 1.9 8.6 0.9 4.5 32 95 14Middle East 7.3 2.8 3.9 1.3 2.0 14 61 4South and Central America 4.8 1.7 2.6 0.8 1.3 15 42 2Africa 3.7 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.0 17 47 -25

ChinaWorld 120.0 100.0 100.0 18.2 33.2 16 21 4Europe 35.3 16.8 29.4 3.1 9.7 25 -2 24Asia 32.3 51.8 26.9 9.5 8.9 7 13 1North America 24.5 20.7 20.4 3.8 6.8 16 20 -10Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 15.7 3.4 13.1 0.6 4.3 37 99 14Middle East 5.2 2.6 4.3 0.5 1.4 24 87 -3South and Central America 4.1 3.1 3.4 0.6 1.1 18 48 -1Africa 2.9 1.6 2.4 0.3 0.8 23 54 -30

Other economies in AsiaWorld 68.3 100.0 100.0 27.8 18.9 3 1 6North America 32.4 51.5 47.5 14.3 9.0 2 -1 3Europe 24.4 28.3 35.7 7.9 6.7 6 3 8Asia 7.4 14.7 10.8 4.1 2.0 -1 -4 4Middle East 2.1 2.8 3.1 0.8 0.6 4 13 26Africa 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 5 16 7South and Central America 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 7 12 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 -1 15 15

EuropeWorld 130.5 100.0 100.0 32.6 36.1 9 15 6Europe 108.0 82.7 82.7 27.0 29.8 9 15 5Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.2 1.8 5.5 0.6 2.0 25 36 20Asia 5.4 4.4 4.1 1.4 1.5 8 14 10North America 4.6 7.1 3.5 2.3 1.3 0 2 -6Middle East 2.9 1.7 2.2 0.5 0.8 13 24 25Africa 1.5 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 4 2 12South and Central America 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 3 30 14

South and Central AmericaWorld 12.4 100.0 100.0 5.9 3.4 1 1 -2North America 10.1 92.9 81.4 5.5 2.8 -1 -7 -5South and Central America 1.9 5.2 15.2 0.3 0.5 15 87 13Europe 0.3 1.6 2.5 0.1 0.1 7 22 -6Asia 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 18 39 -1Africa 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 44 26 70Middle East 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8 13 21Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 -1 -14


Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008



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110

Table II.68


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 8452 100.0 11 12 8 World 82464 100.0 3 2 -3Asia 6723 79.5 13 14 10 Asia 60886 73.8 6 7 -1North America 837 9.9 2 -1 8 South and Central America 9630 11.7 -2 -7 -5Europe 576 6.8 8 15 -3 North America 5075 6.2 -9 -15 -13South and Central America 205 2.4 9 -4 6 Europe 3295 4.0 -3 0 -11Africa 77 0.9 12 10 4 Africa 2170 2.6 6 3 -4Middle East 22 0.3 -1 4 -12 Middle East 1355 1.6 -1 -15 -16CIS 12 0.1 -7 0 9 CIS 52 0.1 -24 -61 -32

Economy Economy China 4555 53.9 22 18 9 China 28575 34.7 16 17 0Bangladesh 540 6.4 23 4 20 Viet Nam 5527 6.7 79 35 20United States 536 6.3 -1 1 14 Indonesia 4358 5.3 8 8 1European Union (27) 440 5.2 7 15 -3 Mexico 4250 5.2 -9 -15 -10India 333 3.9 4 -4 -5 Bangladesh 3657 4.4 6 5 11

Above 5 6404 75.8 - - - Above 5 46367 56.2 - - -Mexico 297 3.5 10 -3 0 India 3412 4.1 6 -2 -3Cambodia 246 2.9 48 45 32 Honduras 2742 3.3 1 3 4Viet Nam 230 2.7 33 27 36 European Union (27) 2721 3.3 -1 6 -7Indonesia 161 1.9 7 15 4 Cambodia 2508 3.0 14 13 -2Turkey 108 1.3 14 10 -3 Thailand 2238 2.7 0 -4 -3Thailand 105 1.2 1 -7 -2 Pakistan 1691 2.1 5 4 0Malaysia 94 1.1 2 6 20 Hong Kong, China 1645 2.0 -13 -27 -24Pakistan 80 0.9 4 1 -2 Sri Lanka 1620 2.0 0 -7 -5Honduras 63 0.7 13 -7 15 El Salvador 1574 1.9 -1 5 3Sri Lanka 62 0.7 3 0 11 Malaysia 1505 1.8 1 2 6Philippines 60 0.7 -1 -6 -21 Guatemala 1452 1.8 -1 -13 -4Hong Kong, China 56 0.7 -20 -16 1 Philippines 1443 1.8 -4 -14 -21Korea, Republic of 51 0.6 -16 -19 6 Jordan 1014 1.2 47 -9 -15Taipei, Chinese 45 0.5 -11 0 5 Nicaragua 963 1.2 14 10 -3El Salvador 26 0.3 11 3 -8 Macao, China 876 1.1 -4 -12 -18Peru 24 0.3 19 -1 1 Dominican Republic 862 1.0 -12 -32 -20Macao, China 22 0.3 -7 -8 -11 Canada 825 1.0 -10 -17 -26Guatemala 20 0.2 14 -6 25 Peru 825 1.0 9 -3 -3Morocco 19 0.2 38 27 11 Taipei, Chinese 823 1.0 -12 -15 -15Dominican Republic 16 0.2 -5 -25 1 Egypt 783 0.9 8 11 6Tunisia 16 0.2 29 16 -5 Korea, Republic of 597 0.7 -17 -31 -18Nicaragua 15 0.2 16 23 38 Turkey 447 0.5 -11 -22 -28Egypt 14 0.2 6 10 19 Haiti 423 0.5 6 1 -8Haiti 12 0.1 19 31 -16 Colombia 362 0.4 -2 -24 -9Madagascar 11 0.1 36 12 9 Lesotho 359 0.4 12 -1 -11Switzerland 10 0.1 9 37 -9 Costa Rica 310 0.4 -12 -9 -28Jordan 10 0.1 54 32 -21 Madagascar 295 0.4 12 21 -4Singapore 10 0.1 -4 36 14 Kenya 259 0.3 24 -6 -1Israel 8 0.1 -2 4 11 Israel 178 0.2 -12 -21 -10Japan 8 0.1 0 29 -11 Swaziland 132 0.2 19 0 -7Ukraine 8 0.1 17 40 18 Singapore 126 0.2 -13 3 -20Colombia 8 0.1 8 -32 5 Mauritius 107 0.1 -11 -3 -12Costa Rica 7 0.1 1 66 13 Morocco 97 0.1 0 -11 2Nepal 6 0.1 4 10 -1 Switzerland 95 0.1 8 15 -9Lesotho 6 0.1 4 -22 -15 Japan 94 0.1 -2 1 -16

Above 40 8339 98.7 - - - Above 40 81770 99.2 - - -

Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008





ME

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111



2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 177741 100.0 10 14 8 World 25866 100.0 3 1 8Europe 99784 56.1 9 15 4 Asia 23815 92.1 4 1 9Asia 66269 37.3 13 13 14 Europe 1691 6.5 1 -1 -2Africa 9098 5.1 6 15 4 North America 213 0.8 -11 -22 -10CIS 953 0.5 4 2 -5 Africa 90 0.3 23 26 15North America 823 0.5 5 6 8 South and Central America 42 0.2 1 10 -5South and Central America 424 0.2 4 2 6 CIS 8 0.0 13 17 14Middle East 376 0.2 -6 -8 -6 Middle East 5 0.0 -4 -13 -29

Economy Economy European Union (27) 84658 47.6 9 15 5 China 21429 82.8 5 1 8China 39815 22.4 21 25 23 European Union (27) 1592 6.2 1 -1 -3Turkey 11856 6.7 11 18 -5 Viet Nam 865 3.3 5 11 21Bangladesh 6962 3.9 14 4 15 Thailand 313 1.2 1 -8 16India 6352 3.6 13 10 11 Korea, Republic of 227 0.9 -16 -26 -12

Above 5 149643 84.2 - - - Above 5 24427 94.4 - - -Tunisia 3841 2.2 6 14 8 Malaysia 202 0.8 4 6 18Morocco 3550 2.0 6 17 1 India 187 0.7 4 -11 21Viet Nam 1924 1.1 13 21 18 United States 183 0.7 -11 -24 -8Indonesia 1735 1.0 0 -7 1 Indonesia 148 0.6 -5 -8 10Sri Lanka 1726 1.0 10 17 15 Myanmar 132 0.5 52 33 38Pakistan 1686 0.9 9 11 9 Philippines 77 0.3 -5 11 -2Thailand 1428 0.8 5 1 7 Taipei, Chinese 66 0.3 -6 3 8Hong Kong, China 1270 0.7 -10 -27 -46 Turkey 62 0.2 22 -3 17Switzerland 1030 0.6 12 25 9 Bangladesh 46 0.2 13 23 52Malaysia 974 0.5 4 7 7 Morocco 39 0.2 36 46 38Cambodia 813 0.5 15 4 12 Tunisia 38 0.1 23 21 4Egypt 702 0.4 13 20 22 Hong Kong, China 38 0.1 -12 -29 -19FYR Macedonia 698 0.4 15 43 11 Sri Lanka 23 0.1 4 -8 5Mauritius 624 0.4 0 9 -6 Switzerland 21 0.1 3 -5 3United States 617 0.3 4 5 11 Mexico 19 0.1 -4 -7 -24Croatia 559 0.3 3 8 4 Cambodia 19 0.1 35 7 29Ukraine 537 0.3 6 0 -1 Macao, China 14 0.1 1 -11 14Serbia 422 0.2 ... 35 12 Peru 13 0.1 11 14 3Madagascar 321 0.2 4 16 -5 Canada 11 0.0 -11 -16 -15Albania 280 0.2 15 41 25 Brazil 10 0.0 12 60 25Korea, Republic of 248 0.1 -15 -22 -37 Croatia 9 0.0 24 5 2Philippines 232 0.1 -4 -12 -17 Pakistan 8 0.0 -7 16 -5Taipei, Chinese 224 0.1 -10 -3 -29 Ukraine 5 0.0 13 45 10Myanmar 216 0.1 -3 -17 -2 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 5 0.0 35 12 124Bosnia and Herzegovina 205 0.1 10 15 15 Nepal 5 0.0 -19 -19 42Moldova 204 0.1 15 20 1 Madagascar 5 0.0 18 1 -28Macao, China 204 0.1 -13 -19 -47 Honduras 4 0.0 -6 -4 -23Japan 173 0.1 2 21 8 Egypt 4 0.0 46 -29 166Lao People's Dem. Rep. 163 0.1 5 -4 10 Moldova 3 0.0 ... 23 45Peru 140 0.1 11 23 11 Colombia 3 0.0 1 -12 10United Arab Emirates 124 0.1 -8 -20 -12 Mauritius 3 0.0 -5 30 -27Israel 111 0.1 -9 -8 -2 Serbia 2 0.0 ... 38 -10Belarus 108 0.1 -2 -7 -8 FYR Macedonia 2 0.0 56 22 28Mexico 106 0.1 14 10 12 Jordan 2 0.0 63 67 16Canada 99 0.1 3 7 -9 Israel 2 0.0 -2 -15 -44

Above 40 176939 99.5 - - - Above 40 25835 99.9 - - -

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008




European Union (27) Japan

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Table II.69

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters China a 120.0 4.0 8.9 18.2 33.2 16 29 21 4European Union (27) 112.4 - - 28.4 31.1 9 7 15 7

extra-EU (27) exports 27.7 - - 6.6 7.7 10 10 18 12Hong Kong, China 27.9 - - - - 2 4 1 -3

domestic exports 2.9 11.5 8.6 5.0 0.8 -14 -7 -26 -42 re-exports 25.0 - - - - 7 8 10 5

Turkey 13.6 0.3 3.1 3.3 3.8 10 2 15 -2Bangladesh b 10.9 0.0 0.6 2.6 3.0 10 21 6 23India 10.9 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.0 8 11 3 11Viet Nam b 9.0 ... ... 0.9 2.5 22 19 33 21Indonesia 6.3 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.7 4 16 2 7Mexico a 4.9 0.0 0.5 4.4 1.4 -7 -13 -19 -5United States 4.4 3.1 2.4 4.4 1.2 -8 -2 -12 3Thailand 4.2 0.7 2.6 1.9 1.2 2 4 -4 4Pakistan 3.9 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 8 8 -3 3Tunisia 3.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 7 -3 18 5Cambodia b 3.6 ... ... 0.5 1.0 18 13 39 4Malaysia a 3.6 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 6 15 11 15

Above 15 314.4 - - 78.4 86.9 - - - -Importers


United States 82.5 16.4 24.0 32.1 22.0 3 4 2 -3Japan 25.9 3.6 7.8 9.4 6.9 3 6 1 8Russian Federation b 21.4 - - 1.3 5.7 30 2 79 48Hong Kong, China 18.5 - - - - 2 2 2 -3

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Canada c 8.5 1.7 2.1 1.8 2.3 11 17 12 8Switzerland 5.8 3.4 3.1 1.5 1.5 8 5 11 12United Arab Emirates b 5.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.5 27 72 64 10Australia c 4.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 11 5 13 16Korea, Republic of 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.1 16 29 15 -2Norway 2.7 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 10 7 16 19Mexico a, c 2.5 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.7 -4 0 -2 3China a 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 8 6 15 15Singapore 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 2 17 -3 -8

retained imports 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 6 12 16 2Turkey 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 30 39 43 41

Above 15 d 347.8 - - 91.8 92.6 - - - -

c Imports are valued f.o.b. d Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.

Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates.



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Table II.70

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 108129 | 197722 309142 345830 361888 3.1 2.3Albania ... 97 225 289 351 37.6 26.0Bangladesh b, c 643 5067 8318 8855 10920 79.3 71.1Belarus - 262 350 400 449 3.6 1.4Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 152 177 208 ... 4.1Botswana ... 30 141 340 260 1.1 5.3Cambodia c ... 970 2513 3491 3645 69.8 84.8Canada 328 2077 1798 1585 1308 0.8 0.3China d 9669 36071 95379 115233 119978 14.5 8.4Colombia 460 520 962 1351 1222 4.0 3.2Costa Rica d 54 660 235 212 266 11.2 2.7Croatia ... 469 538 585 604 10.6 4.3Dominican Republic d 782 | 2555 1734 1367 1080 44.5 15.5Egypt c 144 710 1138 1330 1551 15.1 6.1El Salvador c, d 184 1673 1814 1830 1956 56.9 43.0European Union (27) - 56240 91437 105104 112375 2.3 1.9 intra-EU (27) exports - 43286 70538 80340 84658 2.6 2.1 extra-EU (27) exports - 12954 20899 24764 27717 1.7 1.4FYR Macedonia c ... 318 509 635 823 24.0 20.7Guatemala 24 49 | 1557 1390 1230 1.8 15.9Haiti 63 245 432 459 421 76.9 86.0Honduras c 64 2275 2613 2842 2940 68.0 48.6Hong Kong, China 15406 24214 28391 28765 27908 11.9 7.5 domestic exports 9266 9935 6724 4985 2867 42.2 16.9 re-exports 6140 14279 21666 23780 25041 8.0 7.1India 2530 5960 9499 9786 10854 14.1 6.1Indonesia 1646 4734 5760 5870 6285 7.2 4.5Japan 568 534 485 523 591 0.1 0.1Jordan 11 115 1257 1218 1041 6.1 13.4Kenya 9 9 230 241 256 0.5 5.2Korea, Republic of 7879 5027 2183 1914 1741 2.9 0.4Lesotho ... 161 478 557 ... 73.1 69.2Macao, China 1111 1849 1610 1491 1053 72.8 52.7Madagascar c 11 309 252 394 571 37.4 42.6Malaysia d 1315 2257 2842 3159 3624 2.3 1.8Mauritius c, d 607 948 772 887 845 60.9 36.0Mexico d 587 8631 6323 5150 4911 5.2 1.7Moldova - 76 200 238 267 16.0 16.7Morocco d 722 2401 3238 3517 3334 32.3 16.6Myanmar c 12 800 386 412 371 48.6 5.3Pakistan 1014 2144 3907 3806 3906 23.8 19.2Peru 120 504 1204 1406 1635 7.2 5.2Philippines d 1733 2536 2624 2294 1979 6.4 4.0Serbia ... ... 319 445 552 ... 5.0Serbia and Montenegro ... 130 ... ... ... 7.6 4.9Singapore 1588 1825 | 1985 1779 1557 1.3 0.5 domestic exports 995 504 | 238 223 227 0.6 0.1 re-exports 593 1321 | 1747 1556 1330 2.2 0.8Sri Lanka c 638 2812 3046 3283 3460 51.8 40.9Swaziland c ... 124 152 47 44 13.6 2.4Switzerland 686 607 | 1620 1771 1922 0.8 1.0Syrian Arab Republic c 330 129 | 864 975 962 2.8 6.7Taipei, Chinese 3987 3015 1410 1274 1190 2.0 0.5Thailand 2817 3759 4247 4073 4241 5.4 2.4Tunisia 1126 2227 3018 3571 3766 38.1 19.5Turkey 3331 6533 12052 13886 13591 23.5 10.3Ukraine - 417 682 718 719 2.9 1.1United Arab Emirates c 146 971 2400 2705 2631 1.9 1.1United States 2565 8629 4885 4320 4449 1.1 0.3Viet Nam c ... 1821 5579 7400 8971 12.6 14.3

a Or nearest year. b Figures refer to fiscal year. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Includes significant exports from processing zones.

Value

Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2008



ME

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114

Table II.71

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Albania ... 68 173 232 246 6.3 4.7Argentina 6 333 192 271 417 1.3 0.7Australia b 711 1858 3279 3703 4280 2.6 2.2Bangladesh c, d 14 174 168 197 252 2.0 1.1Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 101 390 736 1443 1593 2.7 3.2Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 162 189 220 ... 1.8Brazil e 59 173 442 614 883 0.3 0.5Canada b 2388 3690 6987 7796 8452 1.5 2.1Chile 52 501 1003 1169 1348 2.7 2.2China f 48 1192 1724 1976 2282 0.5 0.2Colombia 19 80 159 258 335 0.7 0.8Costa Rica f 17 592 214 236 272 9.3 1.8Croatia ... 278 518 691 762 3.5 2.5Ecuador 1 23 154 185 214 0.6 1.1Egypt d 9 404 411 817 622 2.9 1.3El Salvador d, f 171 713 217 187 117 14.4 1.2European Union (27) g - 83181 144448 164993 177741 3.2 2.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 40148 74370 84653 93083 4.4 4.1Guatemala f 5 33 | 190 208 183 0.7 1.3Honduras 25 1304 423 333 186 32.7 1.8Hong Kong, China 6913 16008 18852 19149 18546 7 5 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Iceland 75 88 156 184 169 3.4 2.7Israel 61 471 788 949 1123 1.2 1.7Japan 8765 19709 23831 23997 25866 5.2 3.4Jordan 28 61 247 296 326 1.3 1.9Korea, Republic of 151 1307 3744 4318 4223 0.8 1.0Kuwait 206 317 567 699 698 4.4 2.8Macao, China 26 214 1056 1105 872 9.5 16.3Malaysia f 76 148 359 410 492 0.2 0.3Mexico b, f 573 3602 2517 2474 2544 2.1 0.8Morocco f 8 232 274 321 337 2.0 0.8New Zealand 149 401 740 877 914 2.9 2.7Norway 1231 1287 1977 2286 2729 3.7 3.1Peru d 1 59 134 184 268 0.8 0.9Qatar 29 54 211 264 302 1.7 1.1Russian Federation d - 2688 8103 14505 21427 6.0 7.3Saudi Arabia d 833 813 1649 1939 2018 2.7 1.8Serbia ... ... 222 362 492 ... 2.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 46 ... ... ... 1.2 1.3Singapore 920 1881 | 2497 2428 2224 1.4 0.7 retained imports 328 560 | 750 872 893 0.7 0.6South Africa b 108 223 1123 994 993 0.8 1.1Switzerland 3437 3160 4654 5184 5804 3.8 3.2Taipei, Chinese 290 978 1223 1118 1171 0.7 0.5Thailand 29 131 276 331 392 0.2 0.2Tunisia 191 438 550 644 635 5.1 2.6Turkey 16 264 1098 1566 2216 0.5 1.1Ukraine - 60 342 375 877 0.4 1.0United Arab Emirates d 514 832 3055 5010 5503 2.4 3.3United States 26977 67115 82969 84851 82464 5.3 3.8Viet Nam d ... 450 271 270 446 2.9 0.6

c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates.

f Includes significant imports into processing zones.

Value

Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2008



a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b.

e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.

g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

ii. - global trade...chart ii.4 (percentage change, year-on-year) value of world exports of primary...

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