igsi€¦ · igsi gsi environmental, inc. 2211 norfolk, suite 1000, houston, texas 77098-4054 envi...

SA6973

RESPONSE TO STATEMENTS BY MR. CABRERA REGARDING ALLEGED IMPACTS TO WATER RESOURCES IN THE PETROECUADOR-TEXACO CONCESSION AREA

Oriente Region, Ecuador

Maria Aguinda et al. vs. ChevronTexaco Corporation, Superior Court of Justice of Nueva Loja, Ecuador Case No. 002-2003

August 29, 2008

John Connor. P.E .. P.G .. D.E.E.

Roberto Landazuri, MSc.

IGSI GSI Environmental, Inc.

2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77098-4054

ENVI RO N MENTAL Tel (713) 522-6300 Fax (713) 522-8010

Plaintiffs Exhibit 8064 p. 1 of 62

Volume 1 of1

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT

8064 11 eiv. 0691 LAK

Case: 14-826 Document: 217-3 Page: 30 10/01/2014 1334214 91

SA6974

ENVIRONMENTAL

Response to Statements by Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to Water Resources In the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

Maria Aguinda et al. vs. ChevronTexaco Corporation,

Superior Court of Justice of Nueva Loja, Ecuador, Case No. 002·2003

Prepared for: Chevron Corporation

Prepared by:

GSI Environmental Inc. 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000 Houston, Texas 77098·4054 713/522·6300

Issued: August 29, 2008

Plaintiff's Exhibit 8064 p. 2 of 62


SA6975Issued: August 29, 2008

ENVIRONMENTAL

Response to Statements by Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to Water Resources in the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

Maria Aguinda et aI. vs. Chevron Corporation Case No. 002-2003, Superior Court of Justice, Nueva Loja, Ecuador

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......... ... ........ ... . ....... 1 2.0 SUMMARY OF ASSERTIONS BY MR. CABRERA ........ ... . . ...... 2 3.0 REBUTTAL OF ASSERTIONS BY MR. CABRERA WITH REGARD TO THE

CURRENT CONDITIONS OF WATER RESOURCES .. ........ ... . . ...... 3 4.0 REFERENCES. ........ .... ......... ... . ....... ... . . .... 17

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Summary of the Response to Claims of Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to the Water Resources in the Petroecuador-Texaco Former Concession Area

Figure 2: DRINKING WATER: Summary of Drinking Water Analyses: Compliance with Drinking Water Criteria and Causes of Impacts

Figure 3: GROUNDWATER: Results of Groundwater Analyses vs. Drinking Water Criteria (all constituents except coliform bacteria)

Figure 4: SURFACE WATER: Results of Surface Water Analyses vs. Drinking W ater Criteria (all constituents except coliform bacteria)

Figure 5: Results of Surface Water Analyses in the Vicinity of Municipal Sewage Discharge Points

Figure 6: Results of Analyses of Public Water Supplies vs. Drinking Water Criteria (all constituents except coliform bacteria)

Figure 7A: Location of Intake Points Proposed by Mr. Cabrera: Networks 1 and 2

Figure 78: Location of Intake Points Proposed by Mr. Cabrera: Network 3

Figure 8: Comparison of Unit Costs of Drinking Water Systems

Responoo to Statements by Mr Cabrera Regarding All ed 1m cis to Water Resources


Maria Aguinda et ai vs. Chevron Oriente R ion Ecuador



ENVIRONMENTAL

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment A : Information Sources and Water Quality Criteria Used in the Evaluation of Water Resources.

Attachment B: Drinking Water: Current Conditions and Reasons for the Observed Impacts in the Former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession.

Attachment C: Groundwater: Current Conditions and Reasons for the Observed Impacts in the Former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession.

Attachment D: Surface Water: Current Conditions and Reasons for the Observed Impacts in the Former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession.

Attachment E: Publi c Water Supplies: Current Conditions and Previou s Water Resources Studies in the Former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession.

Attachment F: Population Estimates and Associated Costs Needed to Increase Drinking W ater Service Coverage in the Former Concession, According to ECORAE, 2003.

Attachment G: Sampling Summary and Environmental Analytical Results of Independent Studies.

Attachment H: Analytical Results: Water Supply Systems Studies.

Attachment I: Analytical Results: Surface Water Sampling in the Vicinity of Municipal Wastewater Discharge Points , June 2008.

Attachment J: List of Hydrocarbon Spills in the Former petroecuador-Texaco Concession Reported by the Ecuadorian Print Media: 1992-2008.

Attachment K: Authors' Curri culum Vitae.


jj




SA6977ISS/led: August 29, 2008 ~IiI I GSI

ENVIRONMENTAL

Biographical Summary of the Authors

John A. Connor: 101m A. Comor is president of the company GSI Environmental, Inc. and has more than 28 years of professional experience in enviromnental engineering, specializing in the areas of environmental assessment, characterization of water resources, evaluation of human and ecological risks, and the design and implementation of remedial actions, particularly in oilfields and petrochemical plants. Mr. Comor is a Registered Professional Engineer (PE), a Professional in Geosciences (PG), and is a Diplomate Environmental Engineer (DEE).

Mr. Comor received a Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Stanford University in 1979 and worked as a professor in the Environmental Engineering Post-graduate Program at the University of Houston. Under contract with the United States Enviromnental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the American Society ofTesting and Materials (ASTM), he worked as a Certified Instructor for the -Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Training Initiative, and he has conducted and/or assisted in the development of risk-based regulatory programs in approximately 15 states in the United States.

Mr. Comor is the author of numerous technical publications related to the investigation of water resources, environmental risk assessment, remediation teclmologies, and implementing environmental regulations, and has developed and presented technical training programs on these issues in the United States, Canada and internationally. During his 28 years of experience in the environmental field, he has conducted enviromnental investigations at mnnerous oilfield installations in the United States, Canada, and Latin America.

Certification by Author

This attached report accurately represents my knowledge and opinions on this matter.

Signature: ~-Date: August 29,2008

Responoo to Sta/ementsby Mr Cabrera Regarding Aff, ed 1m cis to Water Resources

iii Mafia Aguinda et al VB. Chevron Oriente R ion Ecuador




ENVIRONMENTAL

Roberto Landazuri: Mr. Landazuri is a project engineer at GSI Environmental, Inc. (GSI) and has over 6 years of professional experience in the field of enviromnental engineering, specializing in environmental projects related to the petrolerun industry in Latin America. His experience includes environmental site characterization, monitoring programs, environmental impact studies, and pedological studies to evaluate and classify soils. Mr. Landazuri is affiliated with the College of Geological, Mining, Petrolerun and Enviromnental Engineers in Ecuador and is a member of the Ecuadorian Society of Soil Science.

Mr. Landazuri earned a degree in Environmental Engineering from the Sek International University in Quito in 2000 and a Master's in Soil Sciences from the University of Ghent in Belgium in 2002. He served as an enviromnental engineer for the Quito Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Company until 2004, when he began environmental consulting for the oil industry with the company Entrix Inc., in Quito. In 2005 he was hired as an engineering contractor for the company GSI Enviromnental, Inc. in Quito, and since that time he has worked on several environmental projects in Latin America and the Middle East. He was also director of the GEA Foundation for Environmental Projects in Quito and manager of the company Earthtech S.A. in Quito. At the beginning of2008 he was hired as a full-time project engineer by the company GSI Environmental, Inc. in Houston.

Certification by Author

This attached report accurately represents my knowledge and opinions on this matter.

Signature:

Date: Au

Responoo to Sta tements by Mr Cabrera Regarding All ed 1m cis to Water Resources





ENVIRONMENTAL

Response to Statements by Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to Water Resources in the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

Maria Aguinda et aI. vs. Chevron Corporation Case No. 002-2003, Superior Court of Justice, Nueva Loja, Ecuador

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The report of Mr. Ridlard cabrera, issued on Mardl 24, 2008, claims that as a result of the past operations of Texpet in the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession area (1972 -1990), suriace water and grounm.vater are contaminated and unusable, and for this reason , 3 new regional water supply systems must be installed, including 405 kilometers of pipelines to access water intake pOints located upstream of the Concession, at a total cost of $428 million. These daims are wholly contrary to the results of sampling and testing of hundreds of domestic and public water supplies throughout the former Concession, which prove that there are no impacts to water quality in this area due to the past operations of Texpet. Based upon these results, as well as the findings of numerous independent studies periormed by the Eruadorian government and international agencies in the Oriente region of Ecuador, induding the former Concession area, there is absolutely no need to replace the existing water supply systems or to relocate water intake pOints outside of the former Concession area, as proposed by Mr. Cabrera.

For these reasons, the condusions presented in Mr. Cabrera's report with regard to the current conditions of water resources in this region, as well as the scope and cost of the proposed regional water systems, are wholly erroneous and unreliable. Our principal conclusions regarding the daims in Mr. Cabrera's report are summarized in Figure 1.





SA6980IS=iUed. August 29, 2008 "fII IGSI

ENVIRONMENTAL

FIGURE 1: Summary of the Response to Claims of Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to the Water Resources in the Fonner petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

V"- ---r1 • The estimated population upon which Mr. Cabrera bases his costs (348,223 people) is 9 times higher than the population that lacks access to public water supplies in the former Concession at the present time.

~~~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!J~-l'=::-I . The water system costs presented by Mr. Cabrera are 9 to 22 tJmes higher than actual costs.

• There are no impacts to the numerous publiC supplies thaI exist in this region, aU of which supply clean water obtained f rom within the former Concession.

• None of the water resource studies conducted by the government 0' Ecuador or various international agencies recommends replacing the existing public water supply systems or relocating wilter intakes outside of the Concession area, as proposed by Mr. Cabrera.

In this report, Sections 2 and 3 summarize Mr. Cabrera's statements regarding the cUlTent conditions of water resources in this region and present our response to these claims, based on an exhaustive study of the water quality in the Oriente region of Ecuador, including i) the results of Judicial Inspections of 47 oilfield facilities conducted in the former Concession area in the period of 2004 to 2007; ii) the results of samples collected on behalf of the defendants at 49 oilfield facilities visited by Mr. Cabrera from July to September 2007, iii) supplemental analyses of samples collected from public drinking water supply systems in the Oriente in May 2008, iv) information provided by several independent studies performed by the government of Ecuador as well as international agencies regarding water resources in the Oriente region of Ecuador, including the former Concession area, and v) analytical results of surface water sampling conducted in June 2008 in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharge pOints in 4 communities located in the former Concession area.

2.0 SUMMARY OF ASSERTIONS BY MR. CABRERA

In his "Summary Report of Expert Examination" ("Informe Sumario del Examen Pericial") of March 24. 2008. and in Annex R of this same report (Cabrera. R. 2008). Mr. Cabrera presents the following findings and conclusions regarding the current conditions of water resources in the area of the former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession:

Responf8 to Statements by Mr Cabrera Regarding All ed 1m acts to Water Resources

2





ENVIRONMENTAL

Groundwater. Mr. Cabrera reports that 3:2010 of the groundwater samples that he analyzed contain Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) levels in excess of 0.325 mglL (which, according to Mr. cabrera, corresponds to the Eruadorian regulatory limit) due to contamination from oilfield pits (cabrera, 2008, pages 23 to 24 of 60). Furthermore, given the extent of Texpefs oilfield operations and the shallow depth of the groundwater, he condudes that all groundwater in this region is affected (cabrera, 2008, Annex R, pages 2 to 5).

Surface Water: Mr. Cabrera recognizes that the numerous surface water samples analyzed by the experts proposed by the Defendants demonstrate that there is no contamination in excess of regulatory limits. Nevertheless, he expresses doubt that these samples have been collected in the apprqJriate pathways of migration, and therefore, he instead relies upon the results of two studies conducted more than 14 years ago (Jochnick et aI. , 1994 and Fugro-McOeliand, 1992), which, according to Mr. Cabrera, indicate that there were widespread impacts by TPH , metals, and other contaminants in rivers and streams in this region, as a result of produced water discharge (Cabrera, 2008, pages 25 to 26 of 60). However, in the case of the FugroMcClelland study, Mr. Cabrera ignores the conclusion reamed in the report regarding the responsibility for the contamination : "Based on field observations and assumptions described herein, approximately 70 percent of the hydrocarbon contamination at the production facilities and 50 percent of the drill pads and pits contamination was atttibuted to PETROAMAZONAS' operations from 1990 through 1992."

Regional Water Systems: Given the "uncertainties" regarding grcxmdwater and surface water conditions in the former Concession, Mr. Cabrera recommends the installation of 3 new reg ional drinking water systems with surface water intake pOints located upstream of the areas of ''petroleum related activities" (cabrera, 2008, Annex R, page 9). In order to ''provide dean potable water to the Concession population", the 3 new regional systems would indude aqueducts of 100, 120, and 185 Km length in order to ream intake pOints located west of the former Concession area (Cabrera, 2008, pages 48 to 49 of 60, and Annex R, pages 9 to 16). The total cost estimated by Mr. Cabera for the 3 systems is $428 million , whim is based on an estimated population of 348,233 in the year 2027 (cabrera, 2008, Annex R, Table 5).

3.0 REBUTTAL OF ASSERTIONS BY MR. CABRERA WITH REGARD TO THE CURRENT CONDITIONS OF WATER RESOURCES

As summarized in Figure 1, the results of this evaluation of the current conditions of the water resources in the former Petroeruador-Texaco Concession area support the following principal condusions regarding the assertions in the report of Mr. cabrera:

1) There Are No Impacts to Water Resources from the Past Operations of Texpet

Drinking Water in the Former Concession Area Is Not Impacted by Texpet Operations: As seen in Figure 2, the analytical test results of 221 drinking water


3





ENV I RONMENTAL

sampling pOints1 in the former Petroeruador-Texaco Concession area show that 99% of these pOints, induding 100010 of the public drinking water supplies, meet the most stringent drinking water criteria among those established by Eruador, the U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the World Health Organization (Wl-IO) during the period in which Texpet operated the Concession (see Attachment A). Spedfically, based upon analysis of substances potentially associated with petroleum operations, there is no evidence of impact by petroleum or produced water. The only sampling points that contain such compounds in excess of these criteria (only 2 out of 221 ) are not r~ated with the past operations of Texpet, but with natural causes (1 domestic water supply sample with naturally elevated salinity and 1 surface water sample with elevated metal concentrations due to natural sediments, neither of which exhibits signs of impacts from petroleum or produced water). Additional information on the results of the analysis of drinking water in the former Concession area is presented in Attachment B.

1 The 221 drinking water sampling points cOlTespond to. i) 149 points sample d by the experts proposed by the Defend ant during the judi cial inspect ions from 2004 to 2007. ii) 47 points sampled by the Defendants during site visits of Mr. Cabrera in 2007. iii) 18 points from the sampling program conducted by the Defendants of publ ic watersuppl ies in Ma y, 2008. and iv ) 7 sampling points from independ ent studies


4


Maria Aguinda et ai vs_ Chevron Oriente R ion Ecuador


SA6983Issued. August 29, 2008

FIGURE 2:

MEDIA

FIGURE 2A.

ALL DRINKING WATER SAMPLES

[!] FIGURE 2B.

DOMESTIC DRINKING SUPPLIES

~ FIGURE 2C.

PUBLIC DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES

R •

•

~ (% of W11J!linq eoRl!;:;!

CAUSEFOBNQN. CO/If'IIANCf

"', ::::><;:- Natural Causes

99% Comply

/'-T:> ,,- Natufal Causes

99% Comply

= (% of W11J!linq pORI!;:;!

~Jl I GSI ENVIRONMENTAL

Compliance with

CAUSfFORNQN· C9M'IIANCf

L.ack of Sanitary Services

lack of Sanitary Services

L.ack of Sanitary Services

Sampling of drinking water throughout the former Concession shows that drinking water is free of impacts by past Texpet operations.

However, bacterial contamination of water supplies, related to lack of adequate sanitary services and proper disinfection, poses a serious risk to public health.

1) This figure presents the results of analyses conducted by the experts proposed by the Defendant, as well as the analyses of the samples collected by the Defendant during field visits of Mr. Cabrera, the investigation of public water supplies, and the results of independent studies.

2) ftJl of these results comply with USEPA procedures for analytical quality control and/or have been previously accepted by DINAPA (National Environmental Protection Office, Ecuador).

3) "Natural Causes" refer to naturally-occurring sediments in samples. 4) See Attachment Band E for more details regarding sampling of Drinking Water and Public Water

Response to Statements by Mr Cabrera Regarding Aile ed 1m acts to Water Rewurces

5 Maria Aguinda et ai vs Chevron Oriente Re ion Ecuador




ENVIRONMENTAL

Supplies, respectively.

Groundwater Resources Are Not Impacted by Past Texpet Operations as Alleged by Mr. Cabrera: The analytical results of 206 sampling pOints located in the fonner Concession area show that groundwater resources are not impacted by constituents assodated with the past oilfield activities of Texpet, as 97% of the groundwater sampling pOints (201 out of 206, see Figure 3) meet the drinking water criteria for compounds associated with petroleum and produced water.

AGURE3: GROUNDWATER: Resuts of Groundwater Analyses VS. Drinking Water Criteria (all constituents except coliform bacteria)

.r'_--I~_., o CO° o

o

All CompoMnl1 E>cCt9! COliform. . No~nce .,,-

(j 0

LEGEND

r.XPt! COIQ.lion PelroieumBiock

01 f ielO

o ~.

IJ

GROUNDWATER

201 of the 206 groundwater sampling points analyzed (97%) meet the criteria for compounds potentially associated with petroleum operations.

NOTES:

This figure preserts: /) the results of analyses conduded by the expetfs proposed by the Defendant, iJ) the analyses of the sarrples collected on behalf of the Defendart during the field visits of Mr. Cabrera, and iiO the results of Independent studies.

Site-specific evaluation of the analytical results for sites exceeding the applicable criteria shows that these values are associated with Petroecuador operations (1 sample from a household water well impacted by produced water leaks from an injection well ) and these values are associated with natural causes (1 sample from an abandoned water well affected by debris, and 3 samples from monitoring wells and 1 sample from a household water well with naturally oCClJrring sediments). See Attachment C for additional details regarding the results of groundwater sampling.


6





ENVIRONMENTAL

FIGURE 4: SURFACE WA lER: Results of Slaface Water Analyses vs. Drinking Water Criteria (all constituents except coliform bacteria)

NOTES:

o ))

o

_ T~l conceu ion

""",,

Q

o ~.

{J

171 of the 175 analyzed sampling points (98%) of surface waer comply with the aiteria for the components potentially associated with petroleum operations.

Petroleum related impacts were found only in 2 isolated sites, which were both affected by prrxluced water leiJMges by the Cllffent operations of Petroecuador.

/""T::><C"""- Natural Causes (2) L _-,,;:- Pelfoecuador (2)

98% Comply (171 of 175

sampling points analvzed)

This figure presents: i) the results of the analyses conducted by the experts proposed by the Defendant, ii) the analyses of the sarTTIles collected by the defendants ciJring the site visits of Mr. Cabrera, iii) the results of the Independent Studies, and iv) the results of the surface water sampling conciJcted in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharge points. "Natural causes" refer to elevated metal concentrations associated with naturally occurring sedments, with no evidence of impacts from petroleum or prociJced water.

Surface Water Resources Are Not Impacted by Past Texpet Operations as Alleged by Mr. Cabrera: The analytical results of 175 sampling points located within the former Concession show that there are no impacts to surface water resources by constituents associated with the past oilfield activities of Texpet, as 98% of the suriace water sampling pOints (171 of 175, see Figure 4) meet drinking water standards for compounds assodated to petroleum and produced water. Sitespedfic evaluation of the results for each site where exceedances were found shows that these values are not related to past Texpet operations but to current impacts by Petroecuador (produced water leaks from Aguarico station and Shushufindi 45A well) and with natural causes (naturally-occurring metals in suspension in samples from the Shushufindi 2 well .. te and the Shushufindi South production station ).


7




SA6986Issued. August 2 9, 2008 ""IGSI

ENVIRONMENTAL

Although There Are No Impacts from Texpet Operations, Bacterial Contamination of Water Resources Causes Serious Public Health Impacts in this Region: Seventy-eight percent (78% ) of the drinking water sampling pc>nts (175 of 223) that have been analyzed for colifonn bacteria in the fonner Concession area are contaminated with dangerous levels of E. coli bacteria, induding 89% of the domestic water supplies as well as 22% of the public supplies analyzed (see Figure 2). Bacterial contamination is not related in any way to oilfield operations but is commonly recognized as an indicator of contamination by untreated se'Nage, which has impacted the majority of the rivers in this country, including those in the Oriente region (Galarraga Sanchez, 2001 ; ECORAE, 2003; Honorable Consejo Provincial de Orellana [HCPO], 2005).

Bacterial contamination in rivers also affects drinking water, as the majority of public water supplies lack adequate processes for disinfection and purification (USAID et aI. , 1994; Vissdler et aI., 1995). This fact has been confinned by the surface water sampling conducted by the Defendant in June 2008 in the vicinity of municipal sewage discharge points in 4 communities located in the former Concession , indicating an increase of up to 45 times in the concentrati on of coliform bacteria dOW'nstream from the disdlarge point compared to the concentration upstream (see Figure 5).

FIGURE 5: Results of Surface Water Analyses in the Vicinity of Municipal Sewage Points

~ Downstream Increase ~ compared to upstream

levels.

NOTES:

o

o

This figure presents the results of surface water sampling conducted by the Defendant in June 2008, 100 meters upstream and 100 meters downstream of rrunicipal sewage discharge points, See Attachment D.

In addition , in the case of the household wells, the absence of appropriate sanitary seals is the principal cause for the widespread bacterial contamination encountered

R esponoo 10 State rren ls by Mr Cabrera Regarding A ll ed 1m cis 10 Waler Resources

8


Maria Aguinda et al. VB. Chevron Orien te R ion Ecuador



ENVIRONMENTAL

throughout the region. Similarly, studies conducted in the Ecuadorian northern coastal region indicate that the quality of the drinking water that is collected and transported to households is affected by bacteria due to poor storage and handling practices (Levy et ai. , 2008). The Ecuadorian Public Health Ministry reports that 50% of hospitalizations are the result of inadequate sanitation services and practices, with diarrhea being responsible for thousands of child deaths each year, the majority less than 2 years of age (MIDUVI, 2002).

A more complete discussion of bacterial contamination and its principal causes is presented in Attachment E of this report.

2) The Allegations of Mr. Cabrera Are False and Without Any Technical Basis

Mr. Cabrera Did Not Collect a Single Drinking Water Sample to Support His Claim of Impacts: Mr. cabrera daims that all of the water in the former Concession area is impacted and unusable as drinking water, without having collected or analyzed a single drinking water sample, in spite of the fact that household wells and public drinking water supplies were present in the immediate vicinity of the 49 sites that he visited. To the contrary, the analyses conducted by the Defendant for 28 hoosehold w~ls located at the 49 ,.tes \/i,.ted by Me. Cabrera prove that aI/ of these wells are free of impacts by oi lfield operations, the same as for the other domestic and public drinking water supplies in this region (see Figure 2).

Mr. Cabrera Alleges Impacts to Groundwater Based on Invalid and/or NonRepresentative Data: Mr. cabrera collected 6 groundwater samples but reported analytical results for only 5 samples, which were the only samples that complied with the procedures established by the Court (advance notification to the Court, presence of observers for the Defendant, d1ain of rustooy forms signed by Mr. Cabrera, etc.). The other groundwater samples c"lected by a third party and presented by Mr. Cabrera are invalid and will not be considered in this evaluation (see G. Dooglas, 2008, for further details regarding the validity of Me. Gabrera's analytical program). Furthermore, the few samples collected by Mr. cabrera that meet the Court requirements were collected from boreholes located within oilfield pits, and , consequently, are not representative of the conditions of the groundwater resoorces used in the vidnity of these sites. Even so, none of these samples contains constituents of petroleum or proouced water in concentrations above the most stringent drinking water standards established by Ecuador, the USEPA, and V'v1-IO during the period in whim Texpet operated the Concession (see Attachment A). To the contrary, these samples contain only traces of TPH, which does not represent a toxic impact and is associated with oily sediments found in the muddy water samples that Mr. Cabrera collected from these open boreholes. Therefore, instead of indicating an impact to groundwater, Mr. cabrera's results confirm that the pits cannot be a soorce of groundwater contamination by toxic constituents.

This finding is consistent with the results of the sampling conducted at perimeter pOints around the pits by the experts proposed by the Defendant during the judicial inspections. Specifically, the samples of soil and groundwater collected from pOints located around the pits demonstrate that there is no subsurface migration of petroleum. In addition , the sampling results for 28 household wells located in the immediate vicinity of the sites visited by Mr. cabrera prove that none are impacted by oilfield operations.


9





ENVIRONMENTAL

In sum, all of the results of the valid and reliable samples collected during the judicial inspections and/or during the field visits of Mr. Cabrera show that the groundwater resources are free of impacts by Texpet operations. A detailed evaluation of the groundwater analyses by Mr. cabrera is presented in the report of G. Douglas, 2008.

Mr. Cabrera Ignores Recent Surface Water Analyses and Alleges Impacts Based Upon Antiquated Data from More than 14 Years Ago: Mr. cabrera acknowledges that the many surface water samples collected during the judicial inspections from 2004 to 2007 by the experts proposed by the Defendant "do not contain levels of contamination above the regulatory standards" and show that "there is little or no contamination in many specific areas inside the Concession" (Cabrera, 2008, page 25 of 60). In spite of th is fact, Me. Cabrera rejects these data and, instead of conducting his own investigation of rurrent surface water quality, implies that all of the surface water in the region is unusable at the present time due to historical discharges of produced water, basing th is finding exclusively on the analyses performed in the period of 1992 to 1994, more than 14 years ago.

The outdated studies dted by Mr. Cabrera correspond to the time period of the exclusive operations of Petroeruador, before the installation of the produced water re-injection system (which was funded in large part by Texpet). Contrary to what is alleged by Mr. Cabrera, the report of Jodmick et ai., 1994, presents no information regarding TPH analyses in drinking water, and neither of the two studies cited by Mr. Cabrera (Fugro McClelland, 1992 and Jochnick et aI. , 1994) serves to show the extensive impacts alleged by Mr. Cabrera at that time. Furthermore, as seen in Figure 4, the recent results of surface water sampling from hundreds of pOints across the Concession area, induding the same locations sampled in the studies of 1992 and 1994, demonstrate that there are no impacts from oilfield operations, except for 2 isolated locations where surface water is being affected by recent leaks from the operations of Petroecuador.

A more detailed discussion of the resu lts of the recent surface water sampling program is provided in Attachment 0 of this report.

3) The Regional Water System Proposed by Mr. Cabrera Is Completely Unnecessary and Furthermore Inconsistent with the Recommendations of Official Studies

There Are No Impacts by Oilfield Activities on Existing Public Supplies, All of which Provide Clean Drinking Water within the Concession: As illustrated in Figure 6, the results of analysis of 23 public drinking water supplies with intake pOints inside or in the immediate vidnity of the former Concession, induding the principal municipalities of the region (Nueva Loja, Coca, Shushufindi , Sacha, and Dayuma among others), show that 100% of these systems meet drinking water criteria for constituents potentially assodated with oilfield operations. Therefore, there is no need to replace these existing water supply systems or to move the intake pOints outside of the Concession area, using 405 kilometers of extremely expensive aqueducts, as proposed in Mr. Cabrera's plan (see Figure 6). Attachment E presents additional information regarding the analysis of the public water supplies in this region.


10





AGURE6:

ENVIRONMENTAL

Res~s of Analyses of Public Water Supplies VS. Drinking Water Criteria (all constituents except coUfonn bacteria)

Networl< 1

A ueduct

• I

a ))

D LEGEND

AlI~nlll' l EIo;eep! COIifofms

~ Texpel~

• No E.a:ealaolce PeI,oieum BIod< . "'""""~ :::J Oil Foeld

NOTES:

Network 2

o

I]

!<Io<T .......

" m --CG/I".'t..CIII

Although ALL the existing public systems are CLEAN, Mr. Cabrera proposes 3 regional systems with intake points located upstream of the Concession at an extremely high cost.

Aqueducts proposed by Mr. Cabrera with intake pOints olf:side ofthe Concession:

Network 1: 120 km Network 2: 185 km Network 3: 100 km

(23 of 23 Public Systems)

This figure presents the results of the analyses conducted by the experts proposed by the Defendant, as well as the analyses of the samples collected by the Defendant during the field visits of Mr. Cabrera, the sbJdies of public water supply systems, and the results of independent studies, all of which meet the USEPA quality control procedures and/or have been previously accepted by DINAPA (National Environmental Protection Offi ce, Ecuador).

None of the Many Water Resources Studies of this Region Recommends Replacement of the Existing Public Water Supply Systems, as Proposed by Mr. Cabrera: The Eruadorian government, as well as various national and international agencies, have conducted various detailed studies of the current supply and future need for drinking water in the Oriente region of Ecuador, none of which has recommended replacement of the existing systems nor capture of water upstream of the Conces,"on, as proposed by Mr cabrera (ECORAE, 2003; lOB, 2005; MIOUVI, 2002). On the contrary, these studies have planned for the expansion of existing supplies in order to provide complete coverage for the population in this area (actions that are being implemented in many communities) and they furthermore


11





ENVIRONMENTAL

acknowledge the need for sewage treatment systems in order to solve the wellknown problem of bacterial contamination - recommendations that Mr. Cabrera has completely ignored. Attad1ment F presents additional information regarding the plans for development of water supplies in this region.

The Intake Points Proposed by Mr. Cabrera Are Not Located Outside the Area of Oilfields or Sewage Discharges: As illustrated on Figures 7 A and 7B, the intake points that Mr. Cabrera proposes 'ln rivers upstream of oil production activities" are, in fact, located inside or in close proximity to other oilfields that Mr. Cabrera evidently failed to identify. Moreover, these pOints are surrounded by many communities that have no sewage treatment systems. Therefore, there is absolutely no basis for Mr. Cabrera's assumption that the water at the proposed intake points would be of higher quality than the surface water inside the Concession area, and Mr. Cabrera presents no analytical results to support this dubious assumption.

FIGURE 7A: Location of Intake Points Proposed by Mr. Cabrera: Networks 1 and 2

I

I

." /

LEGEND

• lNater intake location proposed by Mr. Cabrera

c::=J Former Petroecuador-Texaoo Concession Area

c:::J Oil Field

• TownNiliage


12

Distance to VVater Intake Point Proposed by Mr. Cabrera

---- SKm --_.- 10 Km

-- 20Km





ENVIRONMENTAL

AGURE7B: Location of Intake Points Proposed by Mr. Cabrera: Network :)

LEGEND

• Water intake location proposed by Mr. Cabrera

c:=J Former Petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

c:::J Oil Field

• TownNiliage

Distance to Water Intaka Point Proposed by Mr. Cabrera

5Km 10Km 20Km

The Impacts to Water Supplies by Current Oilfield Operations Are Sporadic and Receive Emergency Response Actions in the Few Cases that Occur: Spills of crude oil , as well as produced water, occur frequently in Petroecuador's current operations, due to inadequate equipment maintenance, operating errors, or, in some cases, vandalism. For the period 1992 to 2008, the Ecuadorian newspapers reported a great number of spill incidents, whim resulted in a total volume of 4.4 million gallons of crude oil spilled (see Attachment J for more details). However, these spills do not always reach surface water bodies, and when releases to water do occur, the duration and extent of impacts to surface water resources tend to be limited due to the very high rate of flow and dilution in rivers and streams in this rainforest region. For example, the 400O-barrel oil spill from SOTE (TransEcuadorian Pipeline System), operated by Petroecuador, impacted the Napo River in February 2008, and required an emergency response, induding the temporary dosure of the drinking water intake system for the munidpality of Coca. However, the sampl ing conducted by the Munidpal Government of Francisco de Orellana (GM FO) showed that the water was free of petroleum and suitable for human consumpijon within just 15 days after the spill (EI Comerdo, March 19, 2008; Diario


13





ENVIRONMENTAL

Independiente de Lago Agri o, 476th Edition, March t6, 2008; Municipal Govemment of Frandsco de Or~lana [GMFOJ, March 8, 2008; LabSu , March 16, 2008). Given that the impacts of current operations last for such a short time, it is recognized that, contrary to the unfounded claims of Mr. Cabrera, there can be no current effects to water resources due to the operations of Texpet, whidl ended more than 18 years ago.

4) The Estimated Cost of the Regional Drinking Water Systems Proposed by Mr. Cabrera is Highly Exorbitant and Is Based Upon An Erroneous Population Estimate and Inflated Unit Costs

The Population of the Concession upon which Mr. Cabrera Bases His Costs Exceeds the Actual Population that Lacks Water Services by a Factor of 9 Times: The estimate of the future population to be served by the three regional systems proposed by Mr. Cabrera (i.e. 348,233 people in the Concession area in the year 2027) has no technical basis and furthermore has no relation to the population that lacks access to public drinking water supplies in this region. In the year 2007, based upon the information presented in the report "water and Sanitation MegaProject, Strategic Plan for Coverage of Drinking Water and Sanitation Services in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region", ECORAE, 2003, the population inside the spedfic area of the former Concession was approximately 83,000 persons (see Attadlment F.1). Of this population, approximately 55% has access to public drinking water supplies (ECORAE, 2003), indicating that the population that lacks access is less than 37,500 persons. However, Mr. cabrera presents a population estimate for 2007 (140,985 people) that is almost 4 times higher than this figure , due to various errors that he makes, including:

i) Using the total population for each "canton," (translated as county) which are only partially located inside the area of the former Concession, (e.g., only 20% to 60% of the areas of the cantons Orellana, Shushufindi, Lago Agrio and La Joya de Los Sadlas are located inside the Concession);

ii ) Induding the canton Cascaies, whidl is located outside the area of the former Concession;

iii) Ignoring the percentage of the population that already has public water services, whidl, as demonstrated herein, are not impacted by oilfield operations in this area.

Based upon his inflated estimate of the rurrent population (4 times higher than the population that lacks access to public water supply), Mr. Cabrera predicts a future population of 348,233 in the year 2027, which is more than 9 times greater than the maximum current population that lacks access to public drinking water supplies. This future projection of the population not only ignores the practical , financial , and infrastructure limitations on population growth in this area, but also bears no relation to the actual conditions in the former Concession area, in which not a single public supply is impacted by the past operations of Texpet

The Cost Estimated by Mr. Cabrera for the Regional Water Systems is from 9 to 22 Times Higher than the Costs Determined in Regional Studies: As illustrated in Figure 8, the costs of the 3 regional systems described in Annex R of Mr.


14





ENVIRONMENTAL

Cabrera's report correspond to unit costs between $1024 and $1916 per person, which are 9 to 17 times higher than the average true cost for intake, treatment, distribution , connection, and metering of drinking water, according to studies by ECORAE, 2003 ($1 00 per person); Inler-American Development Bank, 2005 ($1 42 per person); and the Wo~d Water Counal (by Toubkiss, J., 2006) ($81 per person). Furthermore, according to ECORAE's "Water and Sanitation Mega-Project, strategic Plan for Coverage of Drinking Water and Sanitation Services in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region" (Yanez et aI. , 2003), the total cost for extending the coverage of drinking water and sanitation services to 90010 of the population in the 6 provinces of the Oriente by year 2018 would be approximately $125 million, of which, approximately $48 million corresponds to the 4 cantons located within the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession: Sacha, Lago Agrio, Shushufindi , and Orellana (see Attachment F.2).

For the purpose of conducting a theoretical comparison between the true costs of water treatment systems and the inflated costs cited by Mr. Cabrera, the cost of the ECORAE study corresponding to the Concession area can be calculated, accounting for the fact that the Concession covered approximately 40% of the area of the 4 cantons in which it was located . In this manner, it can be estimated that the cost for the former Concession area is 40% of $48 million, or $19 million to extend coverage for water and sanitation services in this area, whim is more than 22 times lower than the $428 million cost proposed by Mr. cabrera for drinking water only. However, it is important to note that the costs calculated in the ECORAE study refer to expansion and improvement of existing water and sanitation services, and in no way are related to alleged water quality impacts by Texpet's past operations, which as confirmed by the analysis of drinking water throughout the region , do not exist. Therefore, the portion of the cost to provide these services that corresponds to Texpet is zero.


1S





AGURE 8:

"

C " 0 ~ ~

~ a. (J) ::J

'"

Networ1l. 1, 2, 3

World Water Council, 2006

lAD Bank, 2005

ECORAE, 2003

Comparison of Unit Costs of Drinking Water Systems

Report of Mr. Cabrera, Annex R. Ma rch 24. 2008

ENVIRONMENTAL

The costs presented

by AI'; cabreta exceed

the average actual

unit cost by a factor

ot 9 to 17 times.

T oubkiss, J., "Costing MDG Target 10 on W ater Suppl y and Sani tation Comparative Analysis, Obslad es , and ReOJ mmendations : Wlrld Water Council, Wl rld Waler Forum, 2006

Inter American Develo pment Bank , "Waler and the Mil lennium Development Goals, Investment Needs in Latin America and the Caribbean: ~ril 2005

Yanez, F. et ai , "Megaproyecto de Agua y Saneamiento, Plan EstrateglOJ de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Sa neamiento de la Region Amaz6nica Ecuatoriana." ("Waler and Sanitat ion Mega-Project, Strategic Plan fo r Coverage of Drinking Water and Sanilation Services in the Ecuad orian Amaz on Region"), Inst ituto para el Ecodesarrollo de la Region Amazonica del Ecuador (E CORAE ). Ecuador. 2003

Responoo fo Sfateme nfs by Mr Cabrera Regarding All ed 1m cis to Wafer Resources

16 Maria Aguinda et ai vs. Chevron Oriente R ion Ecuador




ENVIRONMENTAL

4.0 REFERENCES

Cabrera , R., 2008; Informe Sumario del Examen Pericial , Nueva Loja - Ecuador, March, 2008.

Cabrera , R. , 2008; Annex R: Evaluacion de Costos para la Provision de Agua en las Provincias de Sucumbios y Orellana Ecuador, Informe Sumario del Examen Pericial, Nueva Loja -Ecuador, March, 2008.

Diario Independiente de Lago Agrio, 2008; Issue 476 from March 16, 2008, "Entrega de Agua Potable Se Normaliza en el Coca", Lago Agrio 2008.

Douglas, G. , 2008; RefutaciOn de los Datos Analiticos del Sr. Cabrera y EvaluaciOn de la Validez de su Program a de Muestreo y Program a Analftico, 2008.

ECORAE, 2003; Instituto para el Ecodesarrollo de la RegiOn Amaz6nica del Ecuador, "Megaproyecto de Agua y Saneamiento, Plan Estrategico de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de la RegiOn AmazOnica Ecuatoriana" ("Water and Sanitation Mega-Project, strategic Plan for Coverage of Drinking Water and Sanitation Services in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region"),Report prepared for ECORAE by Yan ez, F. et aI., Ecuador, 2003.

EI Comercio , 2008; March 19, 2008, "Coca Cuenta con Agu a Potable, Quito 2008.

Fugro McClelland, 1992; "Environmental Field Audit for Practices, 1990-1992 PetroecuadorTexaco Consortium", Ecuador, Novemb er 1992.

Galarraga Sanchez, 2001; "Estado y Gesti6n de los Recursos Hidricos en el Ecuador", 2001 , en http ://ti erra .red iris.eslhidroredlbasededatosldocu1 .html , accessed in November 2007.

GMFO, 2008; Gobierno Municipal de Francisco de Orellana, "Informe de Monitoreo Rios Coca Zona de CaptaciOn de Agua Potable", March 8, 2008, Coca 2008.

HCPO, 2005; Honorable Consejo Provincial de Orellana, Departamento del Ambiente , "Unea Base Ambiental de la Provincia de Orellana", 2005.

lOB, 2005; Inter American Development Bank, "Water and the Millennium Development Goals, Investment Needs in Latin America and the Caribbean," April 2005.

Jochnick, C. , et aI., 1994; Violaciones de Derechos en la Am azonia Ecuatoriana, Centro para los Derechos Sociales y Economicos, Ecuador, 1994.

LabSu, 2008; "Am pliacion al Informe de Ensayo No. 23044" March 16, 2008, Coca 2008.

Levy , K. et aI. , 2008; "Foll owing the Water: A Controlled Study of Drinking Water Storage in Northern Coastal Ecuador", NIEHS, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, July 2008.

MIDUVI , 2002; Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda del Ecuador (MIDUVI), Subsecretaria de Saneamiento Ambiental, "Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del Sector Agua Potable y Saneamiento Basico" Plan prepared for MIDUVI by Yepez, G., G6mez, B., Ecuador 2002.

Toubkiss, J. , 2006; "Costing MDG Target 10 on Water Supply and Sanitation: Comparative Analysis , Obstacles, and Recommendations," Wood Water Council, World W ater Forum, 2006.


17





ENVIRONMENTAL

USAID, BID, CARE Internacional, CONADE, OPS/OMS, 1994; ~Plan Regional de Inversiones en Ambi ente y Salud," 1994.

Visscher, J. , et aI., 1995; "Evaluaci6n Post-Proyectos de Agua y Saneamiento en la Republica del Ecuador, Informe Final", Convenio SSA - CARE - EfAPA - IRC -CINARA, Cali, Colombia, October 1995.

Vv1-IO , 1995; World Health Organization , "Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality", Volume 1, Recommendations, 2nd edition, 1995.


18




SA6997Issued: August 29, 2008 ~III I GSI

ENVIRONMENTAL

Response to Statements by Mr. Cabrera Regarding Alleged Impacts to the Water Resources in the Petroecuador-Texaco Concession Area

Maria Aguinda et al. vs. Chevron Corporation Juicio No. 002-2003, Corte Superior de Justicia, Nueva Loja, Ecuador

ATTACHMENT K Authors' Curriculum Vitae

ATTACHMENT K: A uthors ' Curriculum Vitae Maria Aguinda et al. vs. ChewOI1Texaco Region Oriente, Ecuador



SA6998

ENVt RON MENTAL

John A. Connor, P.E., P.G., D.E.E.

Biographical Summary

Mr, Connor is President of GSI Environmental, Inc, (GSI), in Houston, Texas He receiVed an M,S, in Civil Engineering from Stanfom University and has over 28 years of experience in environmental engineering, with specialization in environmental site investigation, human health and ecological risk assessment, and corrective action design Mr, Connor is Registered Professional Engineer, a Licensed Professional Geoscientist, and a Diplomate in the American Academy of Environmental Engineering He has served as an instructor in Groundwater Hydrology at the University of Houston, a Certified Trniner for the USEPAiASTM Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Training Initiative, and as a tectmical consultant for development of risk-based regulatory programs in approximately 15 states across the U,S" as well as in Canada and Puerto R ico, He has developed and presented trnining courses on the Texas Risk Reduch:m Program (TRRP) rules to the staff of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and over 2000 consulting and industry personnel in the state of Texas He is the principal author of the "RBCA Tool Kit for Chemical Releases: the most widely used software progrnm for evaluation of soil and groundwater remediation sites In addition, he has authored numerous technical publications regarding natural attenuation , chemical fate and transport modeling, environmental risk assessment, and remediation technologies, and has developed and presented technical training programs on these topics in the U,S" Canada, Latin America, and overseas Mr, Connor has been designated as an expert witness for numerous cases involVing forensic analysis of environmental impacts, natural resource damage assessment, remediation of soil , groundwater, and surface water pollution problems, and alk:Jcation of liability for projects in the U,S" Latin America, and the Middle East Mr, Connor is fluent in English and Spanish

Professional Background

President - EnvironmentaVGeotechnical Engineer, GSI Environmental, Inc (formerly Groundwater Services, Inc,), Houston, Texas, 1986 to present

Instructor, G rnduate Environmental Engineering Progrnm , Department of Civ~ Engineering, University of Houston , Houston , Texas, 1988 -1989

Geotechnical Manager, S & B Engineering Inc" Houston, Texas, 1982 - 1987

Geotechnical Project Engineer, Shannon & Wilson , Inc" Houston , Texas, 1980 -1982

Teaching Fellow, School of Engineering, Stanfom University, Stanford, Califomia, 1978 - 1980

Patents

Connor, J,A" DA Cliffom , P,T, King, "Method of Controlling the Production of Radioactive Materials from a Subterrnnean Reservoir," U,S, Patent5,196,124, Publication Date: March 23,1992

Connor, J, A" D, A, Cliffom, p , King, "Method of Reducing the Level of Contaminant Materials in Produced Subterrnnean Reservior Fluids: Commonwealth of Australia, Document No, AU-B-39238/93, Acceptance No, 669361, Publication Date March 16, 1993

Education

M,S" Civil Engineering with specialty in Geotectmical Engineering, Stanfom University, 1979

B,A" English with distinch:m, Phi Beta Kappa, Stanfom University, 1978

Professional Certifications and Affiliations

Registered Professional Engineer, Texas No, 62707

Licensed Professional Geoscientist, Texas Boam of Professional Geoscientists, Soil Science, License No, 4266

Diplomate, American Academy of Environmental Engineers

Texas Certified LPST Corrective Action Project Manager, Registration No CAPM00656

Past Chairman , Houston Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)

Certified Trainer for the ASTM Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Trnining Initiative

Past Board Member, Houston Land Redevelopment Committee, U,S, EPA Brownfie ld s Program

Advisory Boam, Citizen's Environmental Coalition

Member, Ecological RiskAssessment Workgroup, Texas Risk Reduction Program

Member, Phi Beta Kappa Sodety



SA6999

John A. Connor, Page 2 of 4 ENVIRONMENTAL

Publications

Connor, J, A" F Ahmad, KC Hamel, R,J Pokluda, K Ravishankar (2007), Practical GLidelines for Roadspreading of Explorntion & Production (E&P) Wastes 14th Annual Intemational Petroleum Environmental Conference, Houston, Texas, November 6- 9, 2007

Newell, C,J" and JA Connor, 2006, "Strategies for Addressing Salt Impacts of Produced Water Releases to Plants, Soils, and Groundwater: American Petroleum Institute (API), Produced Waste Issues Group

Connor, J, A" F Ahmad, and T, E, McHugh (2006), Evaluation of Vapor IntrusKln from a Subsurface Diesel Plume Using Multiple Lines of Evidence, Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water Prevention , Assessment, and Remediation Conference, Houston, Texas, November 6-7, 2006

Connor, J, A" R.L. Bowers, S,I, Maberti, J,C, Mejia, K Ravishankar, SY, AlVarez (2006), Use of Risk-Based Criteria for Characterization of Environmental Remediation Liab~ities in Upstream Oil and Gas Production Fac~ities 13th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, San Antonio, TX, October 17-20, 2006

Connor, J A" C,J, NeweM, H ,H, Hopkins (2006), Practical Guidelines for Addressing Impacts of Produced Water Releases to Plants, Soil. and Groundwater, 13th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, San Antonio, Texas, October 17-20, 2006

Connor, JA (co-author), 200S, "Standard Guide for Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties, ASTM E243S-0S: ASTM International, West Conshohocken , PA, July 2005

Connor, J,A" F, Ahmad, and R,L Bowers, 200S, "Technical Evaluation of Natural Resources Damage Assessments (NRDA) of Groundwater Resources: Proceedings of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) Ground Water and Environmental Law Conference, Baltimore, Maryland , July 2005

Connor, JA, C,J, Newell, and DL Rowen, "Groundwater Remediation Strntegies Tool", American Petroleum Institute, Regulatory Analysis & Scientific Affairs Department, Pub~cation Number 4730, December 2003

Connor, JA, and T, E, McHugh, 2002, "Impact of Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) on State Corrective Action Programs ," Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, CRC Press

Connor, JA, RL Bowers, and T,E, McHugh, "RBCA Toolkit: ComprehensiVe Risk-Based Modelling System for So~ and Groundwater Cleanup: in Linders, J,B,H,J, (ed,j, Modelling of Environmental Chemical Exoosllre ~, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Nether1ands, 2001

Connor, J, A" T, E, McHugh, C, Clarke, p, Lewis, "TNRCC Texas Risk Reduction Program (TRRP) Training Seminar, Modules 1 - 3: course training materials, Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston, Texas, 2000

Connor, J, A and T, E, McHugh, "Risk-Based Decision-Making Performance Assessment Study: Study Results and Recommendations for RBDM Program Performance Monitoring: ASTM Technical Bu l etin, USEPA Cooperative Agreement X82S708-01 , March 2000

Connor, J, A" R L. Bowers, J, P Nevin, R, T, Fisher, "RBCA Tool Kit for Chemical Releases: Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston, Texas, 1999

Connor, J,A" 'User's Guide to Wisconsin Corrective Action Rules: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison , Wisconsin , Publication No , RR-S76-07, 1999 (pending)

Connor, J, A" and R, L. Bowers, " Guide~nes for Risk-Based Corrective Action Modeling for Chemical Release Sites: Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1998

Connor, JA, R.L. Bowers, S,M, Paquette, and C,J, Newell, "Soil Attenuation Model for Derivation of Risk-Based So~ Remediation Standards: National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1997

Connor, J,A" J.P, Nevin, M, Malander, C, Stanley, and G DeVaull, "Tier 2 RBCA Guidance Manual for RiskBased CorrectiVe Action," Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston , Texas, January 1996, 126 p



SA7000


Publications (continued)

Connor, JA , 'Wisconsin RBCA Fact Sheet: Wisconsin Department of Naturnl Resources, Madison , Wisconsin, 1996

Connor, J A" C, J, Newell, M, W, Malander, "Parameter Estimah:m Guidelines for Risk-Based Corrective Action Mooeling: National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1996

Connor, J,A" M, Malander, A, Guisseppi-Elie, "RBCA State Risk Policy/Strntegy Issues Workbook," Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston, Texas, 1995,44 p

Connor, J,A" J.P, Nevin , R,T, Fisher, RL Bowers, and C, J, Newell, "RBCA Spreadsheet System and Mooeling Guidelines Version 1 ,0 : Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston, Texas, 1995

Connor, J, A, and D, A, C~fford, "NORM Waste Minimization Using In-Situ Treatment Method, · The American Oil and Gas Reporter, December 1994

Connor, J ,A" C,J, Newell, J.P, Nevin, and H ,S Rifai, "Guidelines for Use of Groundwater Spreadsheet Models in Risk-Based Corrective Action Design," National Ground Water Association , Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water Conference, Houston , Texas, November 1994, pp 43-55

Connor, JA, "Hydrogeologic St e Investigations," in P,B, Bedient, H,S, Rifai, and C,J, NeweY, Ground Water Contamination Transport and Remediation Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994

Connor, JA, DA C~fford, P,T, King, "In-Situ Method for Reducing the Proouction of NaturaBy-Occurring RadioactiVe Materials (NORM) from Subsurface Reservoirs," Proceedings of Petro-Safe '93, 4th Annual Environmental, Safety and Health Conference for Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries, Houston , Texas, January 1993, Book 3, Volume IX, pp, 461-478

Connor, J,A" "GSI User's Guide: Texas Risk Reduction Rules for ClosureiRemediation," Groundwater Services, Inc" Houston, Texas, 1993, 16 p

Connor, J,A" C,J Newell, and DK Wilson , "Assessment, Field Testing, and Conceptual Design for Managing Dense Non-Aqueous Phase L~ uids (DNAPLs) at a Superfund Site," Proceedings of the Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater, National Water WeU Association, Houston, Texas, November 1989

Connor, JA, and J.B, Blackbum, "A Critical Examination of the Small Quantity Generntor Exemption," State Bar of Texas Environmental Law Journal. Vol. 14, No, 3, June 1984

DeVault G" Ettinger, R" Hansen, E. , MacDonald, R" Stanley, C" Johnson, p" Connor, J" and p, Nevin, "Tier 1 Guidance Manual for Risk-Based Corrective Action and Overview of the Process: Shell Oil Company, Houston, Texas, October 1995

Freeberg, K.M" P,B Bedient, J,A, Connor, "Modeling of TCE Contamination and Recovery in a ShaNow Sand Aquifer," Ground Water Journal. Nah:mal Water We i Association , Vol. 25, No, 1, January-February 1987

McLeod, RK and J,A, Connor, "Impact of Environmental Regulations on Small Business, " Proceedings of Haztech International Conference, Houston, Texas, February 1992, pp, 5B-1 to 5B-9

McHugh, T.E., JA Connor, and F, Ahmad, "An Empirical Analysis of the Groundwater-to-Indoor-Air Exposure Pathway: The Role of Background Concentrntions in Indoor Air, · Environmental Forensics, 5:33---44, 2004

McHugh, TE" J,A, Connor, F, Ahmad , and C,J, NeweR, "A Groundwater Mass Flux Model for Groundwater-to Indoor A ir Vapor Intrusion," in: V,S, Magar and M.E. Kelley (Eds,), In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation-2003, Proceedings ofthe Seventh Internah:mal In S t u and On-Site Bioremediah:m Symposium, Ortando, FL; June 2003, published by Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 2003

Nevin , J, p" C,J, Newell, JA Connor, T,E. McHugh, N,J, Novick, "Practical Methods for Demonstrntim of Groundwater Remediation by Natural Attenuation (RNA): National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, TX, November 1998



SA7001


Publications (continued)

Newell, C,j" H,S, Rifai, j,T, Wilson, jA Connor, j,j, Aziz, M.P, Suarez, 2002 Calculation and Use of First Order Rate Constants for Monitored Natural Attenuation Studies, U,S EPA Ground Water Issue, U,S Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/s-02/500, November 2002

Newell, C,j, and j,A, Connor, "Characteristics of Dissolv'ed Hydrocarbon Plumes Results from Four Studies· American Petroleum Institute Society and Groundwater Task Force, 1999

Newell, C,j and j,A, Connor, "Detection and Delineation of Subsurface DNAPL Distribution, " Water Environment Foundation DNAPL Preconference Seminar, WEF, New Orteans, LA" September 23, 1992

Newell, C,j, and jA Connor, "Assessment, Field Testing, and Conceptual Design for Managing Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) at a Superfund Site," EPA DNAPL Workshop, Dallas, Texas, R.S Kerr Environmental Research Lab" U,S, EPA, April 1991

Newell, C,j" jA Connor, DK. Wilson, and T.E. McHugh, "Impact of Dissolution of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) on Groundwater Remediation ," Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater, NWWA, Houston, Texas, November 1991

Newell, C,j" j,A Connor, and DK Wilson, "Pilot Test for Evaluating the EffectiVeness of Enhanced In-Situ Biodegradation for Soil Remediation : Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chem icals in Groundwater, NINWA. Houston , Texas, October 1990

Todd , D" j,A, Connor, and j Hope, "Houston Report: Air Quality, Water Quality, Solid Waste Management," Citizens Environmental Coalition, Houston , Texas, january 1986

Yare, B,S" j ,A, Connor, and D ,j, Schaezler, "Organic Contaminant Control in a Gulf Coast Aquifer," Proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Groundwater Monitoring, National Water Well Association, May 1984



SA7002

~"GSI ENVIRONMENTAL

Roberto C. Landazuri

Biographical Summary

Mr. Landazuri is a Project Engineer wittl GSI Environmental, Inc. (GSI), in Houston, Texas, He received a degree in Environmental Engineering from Sek International Universiy in Quito, Ecuador in 2000; and a M,S. degree in pt]ysical Land Resources from Ghent University, Belgium in 2002. Mr. Landazuri has more than 6 years of professional experience as an environmental engineer, wittl specialization in projects with the petroleum industry in Latin America His experience includes comprehensive site investigations, environmental monitoring, environmental impact assessments and; soil classification and land evaluation studies. Mr. Landazuri is member of the School of Geology, Mines, Petroleum and Environmental Professional Engineers of Ecuador and the Soil Science Society of Ecuador. Mr. Landazuri worked as a staff engineer in the Quito Metropolitan Company of Potable Water and Sewer Service from 2002 to 2004; and entered in the environmental consultancy for the petroleum industry with the company ENTRIX, Inc. in Quito. In 2005, he started as a contrnctor for GSI Environmental, Inc., based out of Quito, from where he collaborated in various environmental projects in Latin America and the Middle East. Mr. Landazuri was also Director of the NGO Fundaci6n GEA - Proyectos Ambientales in Quito and the General Manager of the company Earthtech SA in Quito. From early 2008, Mr Landazuri was hired as a staff project engineer with GSI Environmental, Inc. based out of Houston. Mr. Landazuri is fluent in English and Spanish

Professional Background

Environmental Engineer (Project Engineer); GSI Environmental, Inc. , Houston, Texas. 2008 - Current

Environmental Engineer; Earthtech , S A, Quito Ecuador. 2006 - 2008

Environmental Engineer (Contractor); GSI Environmental, Inc. , Houston, Texas 2005 - 2008

Environmental Engineer; ENTRIX America, Inc., Quito, Ecuador. 2004 - 2005

Environmental Engineer; Loja Provincial Council, HCPL., Loja, Ecuador 2003 - 2004

Environmental Engineer; Quito Metropolitan Company of Potable Water and Sewer Service, EMAAP-Q. , QuitoEcuador, 2002 - 2003

Environmental Engineer; Fundaci6n GEA - Proyectos Ambientales, Quito- Ecuador, 2003 - 2008

Environmental Engineer (Engineering Thesis); Fibrntint SA, Qu ito - Ecuador, 2000

Environmental Engineer (intern); Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales, YPF, Petroleum Bk:Jck 16 - Ecuador, 1999

Education

M.S., Physical Land Resources, emphasis in Analysis, RUG Ghent UniVersity, Ghent - Belgium, 2002 Thesis "Oxygen Diffusion in a Loamy-Sand So~ and Its Relation to the Soil Moisture Content"; (Degree Obtained with Distinction)

Complementary Studies in Physical Land Resources, RUG Ghent University, Ghent - Belgium, 2001, (Degree Obtained with Distinction)

Environmental Engineer, Sek Intemational University Quito, Quito - Ecuador, 1995 - 2000

Professional Affiliations

Soil Science Society of Ecuador, SECS

Intemational Plant Nutrition Institute, INPOFOS

Association of Independent Consultants of Ecuador, ACCE

School of Geology, Mines, Petroleum and Environmental Professional Engineers of Ecuador, CIGMYP

Participation in Projects

Soil Vapor Investigation, Azcapotzalco, Mexico OF. Extensive installation of surface soil vapor monitoring wells and collection of surface and subsurface soil vapor samples for redevelopment of former oil refinery site.

Risk Assessment, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Analysis and evaluation of existing data on regard to a petroleum produced-water plume and development of additional investigation strategies and corrective measures.



SA7003

Roberto C. Landazuri, Page 2 of2 ENVIRONMENTAL

Participation in Projects (continued)

Environmental Site Investigation, Block 18 Petroleum Concession - Marib AI Jaw(, Yemen. Comprehensive environmental site investigation of a number of well sites and oil production facilities to provide technical support to a multidisciplinary litigation team.

Environmental Site Investigation, Oriente Region of Ecuador Extensive environmental investigations of a number of well sites and oil production facilities to provide technical support as Sampling Director to a multidisciplinary litigation team. Investigation of historical data and support to Expert Witnesses in the development of sampling strntegies during Judicial Inspections of active and inactiVe well sites

Environmental Impact Assessment, Hydroelectric Plant, Quijos Parish, Ecuador. Soil sUl\fey to classify the soil units as part of ttle baseline of ttle environmental impact assessment study for the Project Quijos RiVer Hydroelectric Plant

Environmental Monitoring, Petroleum Concession Block 21 - Oriente Region of Ecuador. Environmental monitoring of the multidirectional dr~ting rig, which included sampling of various environmental media during well drifting

Environmental Impact Assessment, petroleum Concession Block 21 - Oriente Region of Ecuador. Soil survey to classify ttle soil units as part of the baseline of the environmental impact assessment study of the construction of weH platforms and associated access roads. Technical support in the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts and development of ttle Project Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Impact Assessment, Petroleum Concession Block 16 - Oriente Region of Ecuador Technical support to the multidisciplinary team that developed ttle environmental impact assessment study for the construction of ttle well platform ·Zine"

Expert Witness, Papallacta Parish - Oriente Region of Ecuador Site inspection of an oil spill from a pipeline that impacted Papallacta Lake

Environmental Monitoring, Metropilitan District of Quito, Ecuador. Development of ttle monthly, quarterly and half. year sampling and monitoring plan of the Machangara River of Quito and ttle sewers discharging directly to the river, including sampling frequency, analytes, accessibility to sampling points, etc.,

Environmental Impact Assessment, 15 MW V~kJnaco Wind Farm, Loja, Ecuador. Project coordinator of all field activities conducted to develop the Base Line Environmental Impact Assessment study



SA7004

RESPUESTA A LAS AFIRMACIONES DEL SR. CABRERA CON RELACION A SUPUESTOS IMPACTOS A LOS RECURSOS DE AGUA EN EL AREA DE LA CONCESI6N PETROECUADOR-TEXACO

Region Oriente, Ecuador

Maria Aguinda y Otms VS. ChevronTexaco Corporation, Corte Superior de Justicia de Nueva Loja. Ecuador Juicio No. 002-2003

29 de Agosto de 2008

John Connor, P.E., P.G" D.E.E.

Roberto Landazuri, MSc.

GSI EnVironmental, Inc.

2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston, Taxas 77098-4054

Volumen 1 de 1

"~:i . '. ;/i ~f

Notaci6n numenca ein;;i; apendice: 1000 (mil) 1.000 (mil) 1,43 (una unidad con 43 centesimas)

CVX-RICO-1165008



SA7005

~'IGSI ENVI RONM ENTAL

Respuesta a las Afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrera con Relaci6n a Supuestos Impactos a los Recursos de Agua en el Area de la Concesion Petroecuador-Texaco

Maria Aguinda y Otros vs. ChevronTexaco Corporation,

Corte Superior de Justicia de Nueva Loja, Ecuador, Juicio No. 002-2003

Preparado para: Chevron Corporation

Preparado par: GSI Environmental Inc. 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000 Houston, Texas 77098-4054 713/522-6300

Emitido: 29 de Agosto de 2008


ii.·.~.·,""" .... '."":'·"'· i: . \ . ,

CVX-RICO-1165009


SA7006~~~~~_~.:iE ~) c Q.5L~-O~,

'" I GS I~~~-\.m UJV(RONMENTAL _-.\ Q~ Emitioo: 29 de Agosto de 2008

Respuesta a las Afinnaclones del Sr. Cabrera con Relaci6n a Supuestos (p Impactos a los Recursos de Agua en el A.rea de la Concesi6n . ~

Petroecuador-Texaco

Maria Aguinda y Otros vs. Chevron Corporation Julcio No. 002-2003, Corte Superior de Justicia, Nueva Loja, Ecuador

INDICE _

1.0 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ......................... ___ ...... _____ ... _______ ................................... __ ........ __ ............ 1

2.0 RESUMEN DE lAS AFIRMACIONES DEL SR. CABRERA ............... __ .......................... _. ________ 2

3.0 REFUTACION DE LAS AFIRMACIONES DEL SR. CABRERA CON RESPECTO A LAS CONDICIONES ACTUALES DE LOS RECURSOS DE AGUA ........................................ 3

1) No Existen Impactos a Los Recursos de Agua por las Operaciones Hist6ricas de Texpet. ______ .. __ ................................................................................................................. _____ . __ .. 3

2) Las Imputaciones del Senor Cabrera son Falsas y Sin Fundamento Tecnico Alguno_ ......... 8 3) EI Sistema Regional de Agua Potable Propuesto por el Sr. Cabrera Es

Completamente Innecesario y Ademas Discordante con las Recomendaciones de los Estudios Oficiales . _____ . __ ............................................................... _ .......................................... 9

4) EI Costo Estimado de Los Sistemas Regionales de Agua Potable Propuesto par el Sr. Cabrera es Descomunalmente Exorbitante, y sa Basa en un Calculo de Poblaci6n Err6neo y Costas Unitarios Exagerados ....... ______ ........ ___________ .............................................. 14

4.0 REFERENCIAS ...... _____ ............................................................................................................ 17

LIST A DE FIGURAS

Figura 1: Resumen de las Conclusiones de la Evaluaci6n de los Recursos de Agua en la Antigua Concesi6n Petroecuador-Texaco

Figura 2: AGUA DE CONSUMO: Resumen de los Analisis de Agua de Consumo: Cumplimiento con los Criterios de Agua de Consumo y Causas de los Impactos

Figura 3: AGUA SUBTERRANEA: Resultados del Analisis de Agua Subterrn.nea vs. Criterios para Agua de Consuma (todos los componentes excepto bacterias coliformes)

Figura 4: AGUA SUPERFICIAL: Resultados del Analisis de Agua Superficial ys. Criterios para Agua de Consumo (todos los componentes excepto bacterias coliformes)

Figura 5: Resultados de los AnaHsis de Agua Superficial en Puntos de Descarga de Aguas Servidas Municipales

Figura 6: Resultados del Analisis de los Suministros Publicos vs_ Criterios para Agua de Consumo (todos los componentes excepto bacterias coliformes)

Figura 7A: Localizaci6n de Puntos de Captacion Propuestos por Cabrera: Redes 1 y 2

Figura 7B: Localizacion de Puntos de Captaci6n Propuestos por Cabrera: Red 3

Figura 8: Comparacion de los Castos Unltarios de Sistemas de Agua . Potable

Respuesta a Afirmadones del Sf: Cabrera con Reiac/oll a SUjJUf:l:S/O:S Impactos a Recursos de Agua

Maria Aguinda et a~, :'.:. RegiOn Oriente, €cuador


CVX-RICO-1165010


SA7007

Emmrio: 29 de Agosto d", 2008

AdjuntoA:

Adjunto B:

AdjuntoC:

Adjunto D:

Adjunto E:

Adjunto F:

Adjunto G:

Adjunto H:

Adjunto I:

AdjuntoJ:

Adjunto K:

ADJUNTOS

Criterios de Evaluaci6n de la CaJidad de Agua.

Agua de Con sumo: Condiciones Actuales y Causas de los Impactos Observados en la Antigua ConcesiOn.

Agua Subterranea: Condiciones Actuales y Causas de los Impados Observados en la Antigua Concesi6n.

Agua Superficial: Condiciones Actuales y Causas de los Impactos Observados en la Antigua Concesi6n.

Suministros PUblicos: Condiciones Actuales y Estudjos PreviO$ de los Recursos de Agua en la Antigua Concesi6n.

Estimaci6n De Poblaci6n y Costos Asociados Para Incrementar La Cobertura De Los Servicios de Agua Potable En La Antigua Concesi6n de Acuerdo a ECORAE, 2003.

Compilaci6n del Muestreo y Resultados del Anallsls Ambientar de Datos Obtenidos de Estudios Independientes.

Tablas de Resultados de los Analisis de Estudios de Sistemas de Suministro de Agua.

Tablas de Resultados de los Analisis de Agua Superficial en Puntos de Oescarga de Aguas Residuales lI.4unicipales, junio de 2008.

Registro de Derrames Ocurridos en el Area de la Antigua Concesi6n Segun Los Medios de Prensa Ecuatoriana: 1992 -2008.

CurrIculum Vitae de los Autores.

Respuesta a Afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrera con Re!acian a Supuestos fmpactos a Recursos de Agua

Maria Aguinda et af vs . .. -Regi6n Oriente, Ecuad6~··


CVX-RICO-1165011


SA7008

Resumenes Curriculares de los Autores

John A. Connor. P.E .. P.G .. D.E.E.:

John A. Connor: es el presldente de la Compania GSI Environmental, Inc. (GSI) en Houston. Texas, EE.UU. y cuenta con mas de 28 arios de experiencia profesional en ingenieria ambiental, con especializaci6n en [as areas de investigacion ambiental, caraderizaci6n de los recursos de agua, evaluaciOn de riesgos humanos y ecol6gicos, y eJ diserio e impJementaci6n de acciones de remediaci6n, particularmente en el campo petrolero y las plantas petroquimicas. EJ Ingeniero Connor es un lngeniero Profesional Registrado (P.E. por sus siglas en ingles), es un Profesional en Geociencias (P. G. - por sus siglas en ingles), y es un Diplomado de la Academia Estadounidense de Ingenieria Ambiental (D. E. E. - por sus siglas en ingles).

EJ Ingeniero Connor recibi6 el titulo de Maestria en Giencias en Ingenieria Civil de la Universidad de Stanford en 1979, y trabaj6 como Profesor en el Programa de Postgrado en Ingenieria Ambiental de la Universidad de Houston. Par contrato con la Agencia de Protecci6n Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (USEPA - por sus siglas en ingles) y la Sociedad Estadounidense de Pruebas y Materiales (ASTM - por sus siglas en ingles). el trabaj6 como Instructor Gertificado para Ja Iniciativa Nacional de Capacitacion y Entrenamiento en Accton Correctiva Basada en eva[uaci6n del Riesgo (RBGA - por sus siglas en fngles), y ha nevado a cabo la capacitacion y entrenamiento y/o asistido en el desarrollo de programas reglamentarios basados en riesgo en aproximadamente 15 estados en los Estados Unidos.

EI Ingeniero Connor es el autor de numerosas publicaciones de car.~der tecnico refacionadas con la investigacion de recursos de agua, fa evaluaci6n de riesgos ambientales, tecnologfas para remediaci6n, y la aplicaci6n de regulaciones medio ambientales, y ha desarrollado y presentado programas de capacitaci6n y entrenamlento tecnico sobre estos temas en los Estados Unidos, Canada y en el extranjero. Durante sus 28 arios de experiencia en el campo ambiental, el ha realizado investigaciones ambientales en numerosas instalaciones en campos petroleros en los Estados Unidos, Canada y America Latina. EI curriculo completo del Ing. Connor se encuentra en el Adjunto J de este informe.

Roberto C. Landazuri. MSc.:

Roberto C. Landazuri: es ingeniero de proyectos de [a campama GSI Environmental, Inc. (GSI) y cuenta con mas de 6 arios de experiencia profesional en ef campo de Ja ingenieria ambiental, con especialidad en proyectos ambientafes relacionados a la industria petrolera en America Latina. Su experiencia incluye la caracterizaci6n ambiental de sitios, programas de monitoreo, estudios de impacto ambiental y estudios edafol6gicos de evaluaci6n y clasificaci6n de suelos. EI lngeniero Landazuri esta afiliado al Co[egio de Ingenieros de Ge610gos, Minas, Petr61eos y Ambientales del Ecuador y es miembro de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de [a Ciencia del Suefo.

EI Ingeniero Landazuri obtuvo el titulo de lngeniero Ambiental de la Universidad Internacionaf Sek de Quito en el ano 2000, y una Maestrfa en Recursos Fisicos def Suelo de la Universidad de Gante en Selgica en el ario 2002. Se desemperio com ingeniero ambiental de la Empresa Metropolitana de Agua Potable y Alcantarilla de Quito hasta el aria 2004 e incursiano en fa consultaria ambiental para la indus petrofera con fa empresa ENTRIX [nc., en Quito. En ef ana 2005 fue co 1


CVX-RICO-1165012


SA7009

. \~.3S:r~ .. c8 __ ~~· f: 'C:\....<,~'-~ "\L~\l~~~~

Q..us.. 'J...~~9-como ingeniero contratista de la empresa GSI Environmental, [nc., en Quito, desde '-1. ~ tn donde colabor6 en varios proyectos ambientales en America Latina y el Media 1 Oriente. Ademas, fue Director de la Fundacion GEA Proyectos Ambientales de Quito .. ... I t' y Gerente de la empresa Earthtech S. A en Quito. Desde comienzos del ano 2008 .,11 fue contratado como ingeniero de proyectos a tiempo completo por la empresa GSI ' Environmental, Inc. en Houston. EI curriculo completo del Ing. Landazuri se encuentra en el Adjunto J de este informe.

Certificacion por parte de los Autores

EI informe adjunto refleja con precisi6n nuestros conocimientos y opiniones en esta materia.

FirmadelAU~

Fecha: 29 de agosto del 2008

Firma del Autor: AI--t:=---;:.=--f-------

Fecha: __ ~~~~~~~~~--------

j


CVX-RICO-1165013


SA70109 ~44.3S~

-~~ Emitido." 29 de Agosto de 2008 ENYI RONM ENTAL ~ ~ '~J~

Respuesta a las Afirrnaciones del Sr. Cabrera 90n Relaci6n a Supuestos f Impactos a los Recursos de Agua en el Area de la Concesi6n

Petroecuador-Texaco --

Maria Aguinda y Otros vs. Chevron Corporation Juicio No. 002-2003, Corte Superior de Justicia, Nueva Loja, Ecuador

1.0 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO

EI informe del Sr. Richard Cabrera, emitido el.24 de Marzo de 2008, alega que, debido a las operaciones hist6ricas de T expet en la antigua Concesi6n Petroecuador-Texaco (1972 - 1990), el agua subterranea y supemcial de la region esM contaminada y no es utilizable y, por 10 tanto, sa necesita instalar 3 nuevos sistemas regionales de agua de consumo con 405 kil6metres de tuberia para alcanzar puntos de captaci6n aguas arriba de la Concesi6n, 10 que costa ria $428 millones. Estas afirmaciones son totalmente contrarias a los resultados del muestreo de cientos de suministros domesticos y publicos de agua de consumo a traves de la antigua Concesion, los que demuestran que no hay impactos a la caUdad del agua en esta zona debido a las operaciones historicas de Texpe1. Con base en estos resultados, asi como los hallazgos de numerosos estudios independientes realizados por el estado Ecuatoriano y agencias intemacionales en toda la regi6n oriental, incluyendo el area de 1a antigua Concesi6n, no existe ninguna necesidad de reemplazar los sistemas existentes de suministro de agua ni de trasladar los puntos de captacion fuera de la antigua Concesi6n, como propene el Sf. Cabrera.

FIGURA 1: Resumen de las Conclusiones de la Respuesta a las Afinnaciones del Sr. Cabrera con Relaci6n a Supuestos Impactos a los Recursos de Agua

f~ ~"

.~~ MN:.! rR :IiE"~~.1W..I

,"~~~ ~~~

__ ~,t ,

....... ~,~~,.- • La poblao;i6n e:itirnada en la que Cabrera basa su costo (348223 peltlonQ) os 9 veCIHl mayor a kI poblaci6n dentro de la antigua Concesion a la que Ie faltan los servicios ptlblicos de agua en Ia actualidad.

• No hay Impactos en los numerosos sl.Iministros publleos existentes en la region, los eualN proporelonan agua limpia captada dentro de la antigua eoneesion.

I.--"---!---"'" • Los costas de servicios de '--______ -' agua presentados por el Sr.

Cabrera con ReCllTSOS de

Cabrera son de 9 a 22 woos mas altos que los costas reales.

• Ninguno de los estudios de los reeulSos dll agua reallzados por III estado Eeuatorianoy)(a~1as ageneias intertlacl6llill~,~~>~" Rlcomiendan el~mplazo'dli!~, suminlstrQspjiblkl:ls exlllitentes'nl\, tampoCQ ,el traslado ICiSpuntO$, " de captacion fuera como-ptopon~'el Sr.

CVX~RICO~1165014



SA7011}¥b.3sq

e4~\L~

~IGS)~§;'~ ENVtRONMENTAL~~ Emltldo: :zg de Agosta de 2008

~XJJ.U.,t§ Por estas razones, las conclusiones del informe del Sr. Cabrera con respecto a las \ ~ condiciones actuales de los recursos de agua, asi como el alcance y costa de los ! propuestos sistemas regionales de agua, son completamente err6neas y no . h confiables. Nuestras conclusiones principales con respecto a las afirmaciones del,--\r informe del Sr. Cabrera se resumen en la Figura 1.

A continuaei6n, las Secciones 2 y 3 de este informe resumen las afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrera con respecto a las condiciones actuales de los recursos de agua en esta regl6n y presentan nuestra respuesta a sus reclamos, basandose en un estudio exhaustivo sabre la calidad del agua en el Oriente Ecuatoriano, en el que se han ineluido: i) los resultados de las Inspecciones Judieiales en 47 instaJaciones petroleras realizadas en la antigua Concesi6n en el periodo de 2004 a 2007, ii) los resultados de muestras recolectadas por el equipo tecnico de los demandados durante la visita a los 49 sitios petroleras realizada por el Senor Richard Cabrera entre- Julio y Septiembre de 2007, iii) los anaJisis suplementarios de muestras recolectadas de suministros publicos de agua de consumo en el Oriente en mayo de 2008, Iv) informacion proporcionada por numerosos estudios independientes lIevados a cabo por el estado Ecuatoriano asi como por agencias intemacionales sobre los recursos de agua en el oriente, incluyendo esta misma regi6n, y v) los resultados del analisis de muestras de aguas superficiales recolectadas en junio de 2008 en Jas cercanias de puntos de descarga de aguas residuales municipales en 4 comunidades dentro de la antigua Concesi6n.

2.0 RESUMEN DE LAS AFIRMACIONES DEL SR. CABRERA

En su "Informe Sumario del Examen Peneia'" del 24 de marzo de 2008 y en el Anexo R del mismo (Cabrera, R, 2008), el Sf. Cabrera presenta los siguientes hallazgos y conclusiones con respecto a las condiciones actuales de los reeursos de agua en el area de la antigua Concesion Petreecuador-Texaco:

Agua Subterrimea: EI Sr. Cabrera reporta que el 32% de las muestras de agua subterranea que analiza contienen niveles de Hidrocarburos Totales de Petrol eo (TPH, por sus slglas en ingles) superiores a 0,325 mg/L (el que, segun el Sr. Cabrera, corresponde a la norma eeuatoriana) a causa de contaminaci6n por las piscinas petroleras (Informe del Sf. Cabrera, 2008, paginas 23 a 24 de 60). Ademas, dada la extension de las operaciones petroleras de Texpet y la poca profundidad de las aguas subterrimeas, se concluye que toda el agua subterranea esta afectada en esta region (Informe del Sr. Cabrera, Anexo R, paginas 2 a 5).

Agua Superficial: EI Sr. Cabrera reconoce que las numerosas muestras de agua superficial analizadas por los peritos sugeridos por la parte demandada demuestran que no existe contaminaci6n superior a las normas. No obstante, expresa duda de 'que estas muestras hayan side recolectadas en las vias apropiadas de migraci6n y, por eso, en cambio, conffa en los resultados de dos estudios lIevados a cabo hace mas de 14 anos (Jochnick et ai, 1994, y FugroMcClelland, 1992), los cuales, segun el Sr. Cabrera, Indican que habIa impactos generales por TPH, metales, y otres contaminantes en los rios y esteros de [a region a causa de la descarga de agua de produccion (Informe del Sf. Cabrera, 2008, paginas 25 a 26 de 60). Sin embargo, en el caso del estudio de Fugro-McClelland, el Senor Cabrera ignora la conclusion de este reporte respecto a la responsabilldad por la contaminaci6n: "'Basados en observaciones de campo y en supuestos que se describen aea, aproximadamente 70 por c/ento de la

Respuesta a Afirmaci0lJ6S del & Cabrera con Re/aci6n a SUpU6stDS ImpactQs a Recursos de Agua 2

Maria Aguinda et af vs CJievron Region Orilintli, Ecuador U '


CVX-RICO-1165015


SA7012

Emitioo: 29 de Agosto de 2008

contaminaci6n par hidrocarburos en las instalaciones de produccion y 50 par clento en los plataformas de perioracion y contaminacion de piscinas fue atribuida a Jas operaciones de PetroAmazonas1 desde 1990 hasta 1992."

Sistemas Regionales de Agua Potable: Dadas "las incertidumbres" con respecto a las condiciones del agua subterrimea y agua superficial en la antigua Concesi6n, el Sr. Cabrera recomienda la instalaci6n de 3 nuevas sistemas regionales de agua de consumo con puntos de captaci6n de agua superficial localizados aguas arriba del area de "las actividades relacionadas con el petroleo" (Informe del Sr. Cabrera, 2008, Anexo R, pagina 9). Para "brindar agua potable limpia a las personas en la Concesion," los 3 nuevos sistemas regionales contarian con acueductos de 100, 120, Y 185 Km de largo para alcanzar puntos de captaci6n ubicados al oeste de la antigua Concesi6n (lnforme del Sr. Cabrera, 2008, paginas 48 a 49 de 60, y Anexo R, paginas 9 a 16). EI costo total estimado por el Sr. Cabrera para los 3 sistemas es $428 miIJones, el que se basa en el servicio para una poblaeion estimada de 348233 personas en e/ ano 2027 (Informe del Sr. Cabrera, 2008, Anexo R, Cuadra 5).

3.0 REFUTACION DE LAS AFIRMACIONES DEL SR. CABRERA CON RESPECTO A LAS CONDICIONES ACTUALES DE LOS RECURSOS DE AGUA

Como se resume en la Figura 1. los resultados de esta evaluaci6n de las condiciones actuales de los recursos de agua en el area de la antigua Concesi6n Petraecuador-Texaco apoyan las siguientes conclusiones principales con respecto a las afirmaciones del informe del Sr. Cabrera:

1) No Existen Impactos a los Recursos de Agua por las Operaciones Hist6ricas de Texpet

EI Agua de Consumo en el Area de fa Antigua Concesi6n NoEstfl Impactada par las Operaciones de Texpet: Como se ve en la Figura 2, los resultados del analisis de 221 puntos de muestrecr de agua de consumo en el area de la antigua Concesi6n Petroecuador-Texaco demuestran que el 99% de estos, inc/usa 100% de los suministros publicos, cumplen con los criterios para el agua de consumo mas estrictos entre los Ifmites emitidos por Ecuador, la Agencia de Proteccion Ambiental de los EE.UU. (USEPA). y /a Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en la epoca en la que Texpet oper6 la Concesi6n (vease el Adjunto A). Especificamente, en base al analisis de las sustancias polencia/mente asociadas a las operacjones petroleras, no hay ningun indicio de impacto por petroleo 0 agua de producci6n. Los unicos puntos de muestreo que contienen tales compuestos por encima de estos criterios (s610 2 de 221) no esian relacionados con las operaciones historicas de Texpet, sino con causas naturales (1 muestra de suministro domestico con salinidad natura/mente elevada y 1 muestra de agua superficial con nivel elevado de metales debido a sedimentos. naturales, ninguna de elias con signos de impactos par petroleo 0 agua de praduccion). Informaci6nadicional sobre los resultados de los analisis del agua de consumo en la antigua Concesi6n se presenta en el Adjunto B.

1 PetroAmazonas fue la subsidjaria operaUva de Petroecuador que substi!uy6 a T expel como operador del ex Consorcio.

\«0.%0

1 Los 221 puntas de muestreo de agua de oonsumo oorrespoMen a: ij 149 puntas muestreados por los perilos sugeridcs par Ja parte demandada en las jnspecciones judiciales del 2004 al 2007, ji) 47 puntos muestreados por los demandados durante la jnves!igaCi6n del Sr. Caocera en 2007. m) 18 punlOs del programa de muestreo de sum inlstros publ jcoo par los /' < ,. .

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" -'';-:.. .~ .. ~:;;:~y:

CVX-RICO-1165016



SA7013


FIGURA 2: AGUA DE CONSUMO: Resumen de los Amilisis de Agua de Consumo; Cumplimiento con los Crfterios de Agua de Consumo y Causas de los Impactos

,--------------.

MEDIO

NOTAS:

Falla de S .. rvicias Sanitarias

Falta de Servicio5 Sanitarios

Fait!! de Servicios Sanitarios

EI muestreo de agua de consumo a traves de la antigua Concesi6n demuestra que esta se encuentra libre de impactos por las operaciones hist6ricas de Texpet Sin embargo, la contaminacl6n bacterlana de los suministros de ag ua, a causa de la falta de servicios san ltarios y deslntecei6n apropiados. representa un grave riesgo a la salud publica.

1) Esta flgura presenta /os resultados de los ana/isis /levados a cabo por los peritos sugeridos par la parte demanded a, asf como los analisis de las mueS(ras de /os demandarios durante las visftas de campo de! Sr. Cabrera, /as /"''''.'~'.~- . Investigaciones de sistemas pUblicos de suministm dfJ IIgua, y los. resultados de estudlos independientss. .' " '.' .

2) La rotalidad de estos resultados cumple con los prooedimientos de control de calldad d6 llnaUslS de USEPA Y~11aJ1 sido acep/adexs previament6 par DfNAPA [ .:;.

3) Las 'Causas Naturales' corresponden a presencia de sedim6ntos neturafes 6n /as muesltas. ,:, .":0:' 4) Vease los Adjuntos ByE para mas detalles respecto al muestreo de Agua de Consumo y e/ de Agull de ~ministro

PUbliCO re:s{)fJCtlvamenlB. i( .\.' '.: ii t ~~

Respuesta a Afirmaclonas del Sr. Cabrera con Ralaci6n a $upuestos Impactos a Recursos de Agua 4

Maria Aguinda at al~"Ghe ;/ RegiOn Orlente1 Ecu~"","~ . . -',:'-,---r .' /-'

."~~;:;.j~//

CVX-RICO-1165017



SA7014~~~b?-± ;jC~~~~

E""'do, "do Ago"" d. _ ~l"",~t-'"-ll:\ ~ • Los Recursos de Agua Subterranea No Estan Impactados por Las ') ~

Operaciones Hist6ricas de Texpet Como Alega el Sr. Cabrera: Los resultados del analisis de 206 puntos de muestreo ubicados en la antigua --Concesion demuestran que los recursos de agua subterrimea no esian impactados por componentes producto de la actividad petrolera historica de Texpet, ya que el 97% de los puntos de muestreo de agua subterranea (201 de 206, vease la Figura 3) cumpJe con los criterios para agua de consumo en 10 referente a compuestos relacionados con el petroleo y el agua de produccion_

FIGURA 3: AGUA SUBTERRANEA; Resultados del AnaJisis de Agua Subterranea vs. Criterios para Agua de Consumo (todos los componentes excepto bacterlas colifonnes)

AGUA SUBTERRANEA

}ft~~"fi~;,'cittX!i-i ll{tW~;;$}~~ .~ ~_~~~I

-+- = ..-...-• 201 de los 206 puntas de

muestreo analizados (e191%) de agUll subteminea cumplen con los crlterios para los componentes potencialmente asociados con las operaciones petroIeras_

NOTAS:

Esta figura presenta: I) los resuftados de los amfilisis Jlevados a cabo por los peritos sugenoos per la parle demandada, ii) los anJ/isis de las mueslras de los demandados durante las visitas de campo del Sr. Cabrera, y iii) los resultados de Estudios /ndependientes.

En base ala evaluacion sitio-especffica de los resultados analfticos de cada sitio en donde se encontraron los valores excedentes, se encuentra que estos valores esmn relacionados con las operaciones de Petroecuador (1 muestra de pozo domestico afectado por fugas de agua de produccion provenientes de un pozo inyector), y con causas naturales (1 muestra de pozo abandonado afectado ,'''"' __ _ por desechos, y 3 muestras de pozos de monitoreo y 1 muestra de pozo<""~"----·~/~>,. domestico con contenido natural de sedimentos). Vease el Adjunto C para ~~" '-\~ detafles sabre los resultados del muestreo de aguas subterraneas_ /::-' \\. '.,:\\

R/fspuesta a Afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrera oem Relaci6n a Supl!estos Impaotos If Recursos de Agua 5


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CVX-RICO-1165018


SA7015~ \~'~.!G ~~~~ .~~ -

Emi/ido; 29 ds Agosto de 2008 ~'IGSI--fu ~ ENVIRONMENTAL 1 ~

FIGURA 4: AGUA SUPERFICIAL: Resultados del AnaliSis de Agua Superficial vs. Criterlos para Agua de Consumo (todos los componentes excepto bacterias colifonnes)

NOTAS:

• 171 de los 175 puntos de muestreo ana/izados (eI98%) de agua superficial cumplen COlI /os criterlos para los componentes potenCialmente asociadas con las operaciones petroleras.

• S610 QJf;sten impactos relacionados COlI /as operacJones petroleras en 2 lugares <lis/ados, <lmbas afectados par fugas recientes de las operac;ones actuales de Petroecuador.

Esta ligura presenta: iJ /os resultados de los anafisis Ilevados a cabo par /os peritos sugeridos por la parle demandada, ii) /os am§lisis de las muestras de los demandados durante las visitas de campo del Sr. Cabrera, iii) los resultados de Estudios Independientes, y ivY los resultados del muestreo de descargas de aguas residua/es municipa/es efectuado par los demandados. Las "causas naturafes' consistan en niveles elevados de meta/es relacionados con sedimentos naturales sin indicios de impactos par petr6leo a agua de producci6n.

Los Recursos de Agua Superficial No Estiin Impactados por Las Operaciones Hist6ricas de Texpet Como Alega el Sr. Cabrera: Los resultados del analisis de 175 pLintos de muestreo ubicados en la antigua Concesi6n demuestran que los recursos de agua superficial no est;im impactados por componentes producto de la actividad petrolera hist6rica de Texpet. ya que el 98% de los puntos de muestreo de agua superficial (171 de 175, vease la Figura 4) cumple con los criterios para agua de consumo en 10 referente a compuestos relacionados aJ petroleo y al agua de produccion. Con base en la evaluacion sitio--especffica de los resultados analIticos de cada sitio en donde se encontraron los valores excedentes, se encuentra que ninguno ·de

f

estos valores esm relacionado con las operaciones hist6ricas de Texpet sino con .",,,c'.:"'=".~ impactos actuales por Petroecuador (fugas de agua de producci6n en la estaci6g,.'<':.:, .'.""~, Aguarico yel pozo Shushufindi 45A), y can causas naturales (presencia naty.r~,l·;· .. .>\\ de metales en suspension en las muestras, pozo Shushufindi 2 y estapiQh\'·; Shushufrndi Sur)_ if ":'Z.

Respuesta a Afirmaoiones del Sr. Cabrera con Relac:i6n a Supuedos Impactos a Recur:sos de AgUB 6

Maria Aguinda et aI vs. RegiOn Orient9. Er:;uador


CVX-RICO-1165019


SA7016

Emitido: 29 de Agosto de 200B

Aunque no Hay impactos par las Operaciones de Texpet, la Contaminaci6n Bacteriana de los Recursos de Agua Causa Impactos Graves a fa Salud Publica en Esta Region: El 78% de los puntas de muestreo de agua de consumo (175 de 223) que se han analizado en el area de la antigua Concesi6n para la presencia de bacterias coliformes, se encuentran contaminados con niveles riesgosos de bacterias E coli, los que incluyen 89% de los puntos de suministros domesticos asf como 22% de los puntas de suministros pOblicos anallzados (vease la Figura 2). La contaminaci6n bacteriana no esta relacionada de manera alguna con la industria petrolera, sino que se reconoce comOnmente como un indicio de contaminacion par aguas servidas de usa sanitario no tratadas, las que han impactado la mayorfa de los rios en el pais, incluyendo los del Oriente (Galarraga Sanchez, 2001; ECORAE, 2003; Honorable Consejo Provincial de Orellana, 2005).

La contaminaci6n bacteriana de los rios tambiim afecta al agua de consumo ya que, a la mayoria de los suministros pOblicos de agua las faltan procesos adecuados de desinfeccion y potabiJizacion (USAIO et. al., 1994; Visscher et. aI., 1995). Este hecho 10 comprob6 el muestreo de aguas superficiales en la cercan!a de puntos de descarga de aguas residuales municipa[es en 4 comunidades de la antigua concesi6n lIevado a cabo por los demandados en junio de 2008, el cual indic6 un aurnento en las concentraciones de bacterias coliformes aguas abajo de las descargas de hasta 45 veces en comparaci6n con la concentraci6n aguas arriba de la descarga {vease la FIgura 5}.

FIGURA 5: Resultados de los Amillsls de Agua Superficial en Puntos de Descarga de Aguas Residuales Municipales

~ Aumentaei:1 "WI corn:entracion aguas

abajo en comparaejon con aguas arriba.

NOTAS:

Esta fJgura presenta los resultados del muestreo de agua superficial efec;tuado par 'os,.<,:,:"~~':"~";·~';"""''' demandados en Junio de 2008, 100 metros agu3s arriba y 100 metros aguas absjO de fos pun,tps.. ..' """'~:::'<" de descarga de aguas residuafes municipales. Vease el Adjunto D. '.' ".'\\, ..

Respuew a Afirmaciones del Sr. cabrera con Relar;i6f/ a Supuestos Impados a ReCUrsDS de Agua 7


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CVX-RICO-1165020


SA7017" ~4S.?k~

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.'IG~~~~ Emitido: 29 de Agosto de 2008 ENVI.ONM~NTAl\ ~

--\-C:!- <;j QJSJJj Ademas, en el caso de los pozos domesticos, Ja faJta de sellos sanitarios apropiados es la causa principal de Ja contaminacion bacterial pandemica que se encuentra a traves de la region. Asimismo, estudios lIevados a cabo en la zona costera del norte de Ecuador indican que la caUdad del agua usada para consumo que es recolectada y transportada a los hogares se deteriora debido a la contaminacion por bacterias como resultado de practicas deficientes de almacenamiento y manejo de esta agua (Levy et al. 2008). EI Ministerio de Salud Publica del Ecuador reporta que el 50% de las hospitalizacJones son el resultado de los inadecuados servicios y acciones de saneamiento, siendo la diarrea la responsable de miles de muertes de ninos anualmente, la mayoria men ores de 2 alios de edad (MIDUVJ, 2002).

Una discusion mas comp/eta del problema de contaminaci6n bacteriana y sus causas principales se presenta en el Adjunto E de esie informe.

2) Las Imputaciones del Senor Cabrera son Falsas y Sin Fundamento Tecnico Alguno

EI Sr. Cabrera No Recolect6 Ni Una Sola Muestra de Agua de Consumo para Apoyar Su Afirmacion de Impactos: EI Sr. Cabrera afirma que toda el agua en la antigua Concesi6n esta impactada y no es utilizable como agua de consumo, sin haber recolectado ni analizado ninguna muestra de agua de consumo, a pesar de que si existian pozos domesticos y suministros publicos de agua de consumo en las inmediaciones de los 49 silios visitados par el. Por el contrario, los antllisis que si realizaron los demandados de 28 pozos domesticos que se encuentran en los 49 sitios visitados por el Sf. Cabrera, demuestran que todos estim libres de impactos par las operaciones petroleras, igual que los otros suministros domesticos y publicos de agua de consumo en esta region (vease la Figura 2).

EI Sr. Cabrera A/ega Impactos al Agua Subterranea con Base en Datos InvaHdos y/o No Representativos: EJ Senor Cabrera solo recolecto 6 muestras de agua subteltimea, pera presento resultados anaUticos para tan solo 5 mUestras, las cuaJes fueran las unicas que cumplieron con los pracedimientos establecidos por la Corte (notificacion a la Corte con previo aviso, presencia de observadores de la coniraparte, cadenas de custodia firmadas por el Seflor Cabrera, etc.). Las atras muestras de agua subterranea recolectadas par otras partes y presentadas por el Sr. Cabrera son invalidas y no sa consideran en esta evaluacion (ver el reporte de G. Douglas, 2008, para mas detalles sobre la validez del programa analrtico del Senor Cabrera). Aun mas, las pocas muestras reco/ectadas por el Sr. Cabrera que cumplen los requisitos de la Corte se tomaron de perforaciones realizadas en piscinas petroleras, y, por eso, no son representativas de las condiciones de los recursos de agua subterranea que se usan en los afrededores de estos sitios. Aun asi, ninguna de estas muestras contiene componentes de petr6/eo 0 agua de produccion en concentraciones superiores a los criterios de agua de consumo mas estrictos entre los Ifmites emitidos par Ecuador, la Agencia de Proteccion Medio Ambiental de los EE.UU. (USEPA), y Ia Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en la epoca en Ia que Texpet opero la Concesi6n (vease el Adjunto A). AI co ntrario , estas muestras solo contienen trazas de TPH, 10 que no representa un impacto toxica y esta relacionado con los sedimentos aceitosos que se encontraban en las muestras lodosas de agua que el Sf. Cabrera recalecto de estas perforaciones

Respuesta a Afirmaciones del Sf. cabrera con Refaci6n a Supuestos Impactos a Rewrsos de Agua 8

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CVX-RICO-1165021



SA7018

Emitioo: 29 de Agosto de 2IJ08

abiertas. Entonces, en lugar de indicar un impecto al agua subterranea, los resultados del Sr. Cabrera confirman que las piscinas NO pueden ser fuente de contaminaci6n para el agua subterrimea par componentes t6xicos.

Este hallazgo es consistente can los resultados del muestreo de puntas perimetrales alrededor de las piscinas petroleras Hevado a cabo par los peritos sugeridos por la parte demandada durante las inspecciones judiciales. Especificamente, las muestras de suelo y agua subterranea recolectadas de puntos ubicados alrededor de las piscinas demuestran que no hay migraci6n de petr61eo por el subsuelo. Ademas, los resultados del muestreo de 28 pozos domesticos ubicados en las inmediaciones de los silios que el Sr. Cabrera vislt6 demuestran que ninguno esta impactado por las operaciones petroleras.

En resumen, todos los resultados de las muestras valid as y confiables recolectadas en las inspecciones judiciales y/o en las visitas de campo del Sr. Cabrera demuestran que NO hay impactos a los recursos de agua subterranea par las operaciones de Texpet. Un analisis detaHado de los resultados de los analisis de agua subterranea del Sr. Cabrera se presenta en el informe de Douglas, G., 2008.

EI Sr. Cabrera Ignora los Amilisis Recientes del Agua Superficial y Alega Impactos con Base en Datos Anticuados de Hace Mas de 14 Anos: EI Sr. Cabrera reconoce que las numerosas muestras de agua superficial recolectadas durante las inspecciones judiciales de 2004 a 2007 por los perites sugeridos por la parte demandada "no presentan niveles de contaminantes superiores a las normas" y muestran "que la contaminaci6n en muchos lugares especificos dentro de la Concesi6n es poca 0 nula" (lnforme del Sr. Cabrera, rnarzo de 2008, pagina 25 de 60). A pesar de este hecho, el Sr. Cabrera rechaza estos datos, Y en lugar de realizar su propio muestreo de la calidad actual del agua superficial, jmplica que toda el agua superficial de la regl6n no es utilizable en la actualidad debido a las descargas hist6ricas de agua de produccion, basandose exclusivamente en los analisis realizados en el periodo de 1992 a 1994, hace mas de 14 aliOS.

Los estudios anticuados cjtado~ por el Sr. Cabrera tratan del perfodo de las operaciones exclusivas de Petroecuador, antes de la instalaci6n del sistema de reinyecci6n de agua de producci6n (e/ cual fue en gran parte financiado par Texpet). AI contrario de 10 que alega el Sr. Cabrera, el informe de Jochnick et ai, 1994, no presenta informaci6n alguna sobre los analisis de TPH en agua de consumo, y ninguno de los dos estudios citados par Sr. Cabrera (Fugro McClelland, 1992 Y Jochnick et aI., 1994) sirve para demostrar los impactos extensos alegados por el Sr. Cabrera en aquella epoca_ ACin mas, como se ve en la Figura 4, los resultados del muestreo reciente de agua superficial en cientos de puntos a traVElS de la Concesion, incluso en las mismas ubicaciones muestreadas en los estudios de 1992 y 1994, demuestran que no hay impactos actuales por las operaciones petroleras, excepto por 2 lugares aislados donde el agua superficial esia siendo afectada por fugas recientes de las operaciones de Petroecuador_

Una discusion mas detallada de los resultados del muestreo reciente de agua superficial se encuentra en el Adjunto D de este informe.

3} EI Sistema Regional de Agua Potable Propuesto por el Sr. Cabr~~,es Completamente Innecesario y Ademas Discordante con las ,/'> Recomendaciones de los Estudios Oficiales /{

Respuesta a Afirmaciones del Sr_ Cabrera con Relaci6n a Supu8sfoIlimpaclos a Rer:;ursos de Agua 9

if .,

Maria Aguinda at a/ va; Ragi6t! Oriente, Eell


CVX-RICO-1165022


SA7019\tW38

~~~f~ tO~ ~'IGS~

Emitido:29 de Agosto de 2008 ENVIRONMFNTAl ~~

• No Hay Impactos par las Actividades Petroleras a/os Suministros Pub/icos l Existentes, los cua/es Proporcionan Agua de Consumo Limpia dentro de /a ! 0 Concesj6n: Como se ve en la Figura 6, los resultados del analisis de 23 if suministros publicos de agua de consumo que cuentan COn puntos de captacion dentro 0 en las inmediaciones de la antigua Concesion, incluyendo los principaJes municipios de la regi6n (Nueva LOja, Coca, Shushufindi, Sacha y Dayuma, entre otros), demuestran que el 100% cumple con los criterios de agua de consumo para las substancias potencial mente asociadas con las operaciones petroleras. Entonces, no habrfa ninguna necesidad de reemplazar estos suministros existentes 0 de trasladar los puntos de captacion fuera de la ConcesiOn, usando 405 kll6metros de acueductos sumamente costosos, como se propone en el plan del Sr. Cabrera (vease la Figura 6). EI Adjunto E presenta mas informaci6n sobre el analisis de los suministros publicos de agua en esta region.

FIGURA 6: Resultados del Anciilisis de los Suministros Publicos va. Criterios para Agua de Consumo (todos los componentes excepto bacterias colifonnes)

• No"~ .~

NOTAS:

Aunque TO DOS los sistemas piibllcos existentes estliin LIMPIOS, el Sr. Cabrera propone 3 sistemas regionales con puntas de captaci6n aguas arriba de la Concesi6n, a un costo sumamente alto.

Acueductos de Cabrera para captaci6n fuera de la Concesl6n:

Red 1: 120 km Red 2: 185 km Red 3: 100 km

Esta rtgura pf9senla los resultados de los analisis JJevados a cabo per los peritos sugeridos por la parte demandada asi como los anal isis de las muestras de los demandados durante las vis/tas de campo del Sr. cabrera, las investigaciones ~:'~:"'·."t'.': . "\: sistemas pClblicos de suministro de agua, y los resultados de estudios indsPfjrjpiimt9s; "" los cuales cumplen con los procedlmlentos de control de ca/idad de anf:llisj$ de USE~A<" yiO han sido aceptados pf9viamente par DINAPA {<,.. /?:,

Respuesta a Afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrora con Relaci6IJ a Supue$los Impactos a Recursos de Agua 10


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CVX-RICO-1165023


SA7020p ~~

~1~~ Emitido: 29 00 Agcdo dc200S ENVIRONMENTAL O~

De los Numerosas Estudios sabre Recursos de Agua de Esta Region, )~ Ninguno Recomienda el Reemplazo de los Suministros Publicos Existentes, Como Propane el Sr. Cabrera: EI estado Eeuatonano, asf como . varias agencias nacionales e internacionales, han lIevado a cabo varios estudios detaUados del suministro actual y las necesidades futuras para agua de con sumo en el Oriente, ninguno de los euales ha recomendado el reemplazo de los sistemas existentes ni la captaci6n aguas arriba de la Conces/on, como sugiere el Sr. Cabrera (ECORAE, 2003; BID, 2005; MIDUVI, 2002). AI contra rio, estos estudios han pJanificado la expansion de los suministros existentes para alcanzar la cobertura campJeta de la poblacion del area, aceiones que ya estan siendo realizadas en much as comunidades y que ademas, reconoeen la necesidad del tratamiento de las aguas servidas para solucionar el problema bien conocido de la contaminacion bacteriana, recomendaciones que el Sr. Cabrera ha ignorado por completo. EI Adjunto F presenta mas informacion sabre los planes para el desarrollo de los suministros de agua en esta region.

Los Puntos de Captaci6n Propuestos por el Sr. cabrera No Estan Fuera del Area de los Campos Petroleros ni de las Descargas de Aguas Servidas: Como se ven en las Figuras 7A y 7B, los puntas de captacion que propane el Sr. Cabrera en Urias aguas arriba de las actividades de produceion de petr6leo·, de hecho, se encuentran dentro 0 en proximidad de otros campos petroleras que el Sr. Cabrera evidentemente no ha reconocido. Ademas, estos puntas se encuentran rodeados por varias comunidades las cuales no cuentan can sistemas de tratamiento de aguas servidas. Entonces, no hay base alguna para la suposicion del Sr, Cabrera que el agua en los propuestos puntos de captaci6n serfa de mejor calidad que el agua superticial que se encuentra en la antigua Concesion, y el Sr. Cabrera no presenta resultados de anillisis para respaldar esta suposici6n dudosa.

Rsspuesta a Afirmaciones del Sr, Cabrera con Re/aci6n a SUpuestos Impacios a Recursos de Ague 11

Maria Aguinda et aI \IS. C Regi6tJ Oriente, EciJad


CVX-RICO-1165024


SA7021

~~~~~~ ~Q~-~

"IGSI~~~ Emitirto:29 de Agosto de 2008 ~

1\~ FIGURA 7 A: Locallzacion de Puntas de Captacion Propuestos par el Sr. Cabrera: REDES 1 Y 2 r

LEYENDA

• Plntc de Capladon Propuesto POf Cabrera

H:;::;':,f Arnigua Concesi6n Petroecuador"Texpet

L'JWw,1 Ciilmpo Petrolero

• Poblad6n

Respuesta a Afinnar::iones oaf Sr. cabrera con ReJaci6n a Supuoot08 fmpactoo a Recursos de Agua 12

Dial<l ro;" "I P"..,to de Captaoi6n de Cabrera

---- 5Km ----- 10Km --20Km

1d".Mlilpa.: CCC27_<)'_CM

Maria Aguinda et al vs, ' Regi6n Oriente, Ecuador


CVX-RICO-1165025


SA7022

Emitido: 29 d& Agosto de 2008

FIGURA 78; Localizaci6n de Puntos de Captacion Propuestos por el Sr. Cabrera; RED 3

LEYENDA

• Punto de CaJXaci6n ProptJeSo por Cabrnra ti»:·\' Antigua Concesi6n Petroecuaoor-Texpet

IiiiiiiI Campo Petrolero

• Poblaci6n

Di$\ancia al Punto de Captaci6n de Cabrera

---- 5Km _0_.- 10Km --20Km

Los Impactos a los Suministros de Agua par las Operaciones Petroleras Actuales Son Esporadicos y Reciben Acci6n Urgente en los Pocos Casas que Ocurren: Derrames de petr61eo crudo, asi como de agua de producci6n, ocurren con frecuencia como producto de las operaciones actuales de Petroecuador, debido a la falta de mantenimiento de equipos, errores de operaci6n 0 en clerlos casos, el vandalismo. Para el periodo comprendido entre 1992 y 2008, los peri6dicos Eeuatorianos reportaron gran cantidad de incidentes de derrames, los euales resultaron en un volumen total de 4,4 millones de galones d~ crudo derramado (vease el Adjunto J para mas detalles)_ Sin embargo, estos derrames no siempre alcanzan al agua superficial, y, cuando oeurre un derrame en agua, la duraci6n y extension de los impactos a los reeursos de agua superficial tienden a ser limitadas debido ala muy alta tasa de flujo y diluci6n en los rios y esteros en esta region de la selva lIuviosa. Por ejemplo, el derrame de 4000 barriles de crudo del SOTE, operado por Petroecuador, afeet6 al Rio Napo en febrero de 2008 y requirio una respuesta de emergencia, incJuso el cierre temporal del sistema de captaci6n de agua de consumo del municipio de Coca. Sin embargo, el muestreo realizado p!2tf';'E!r,"~,'->", Gobiem? Municipal. de Francisco de Orellana (GMFO) demostr6 que,e( agu.a",;" ", '>':.~ estaba IIbre de petrol eo y a pta para consumo dentro de tan solo 15 dfa~njespues)\ del derrame (EI Comercio, 19 de marzo de 2008; Diario Independien~$'de Lag~:":.-.

RflSplJesta a Afirrnaciones d&1 Sr. Cabrera OO/J

ReJaCi6n a SUPIJ9stos Impactos a Racursos de Ague 13


U .' ::',:,;i1 ';; "

CVX-RICO-1165026


SA7023\-¥O.3~\ .

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Emitido:29 de Agosto de 2008 ENVIRONMENTAL ~L:O

Agrio, Edici6n 476 del 16 de malZo de 2008; GMFO, 8 de malZo de 2008; \ V) LabSu, 16 de malZo de 2008). Dado que los impactos de las operaciones . 1 actuales duran tan poco tiempo, se reconoce que, al contrario de las afrrmaciones infundadas del SL Cabrera, no pueden haber efectos actuales al agua por las operaciones de Texpet que terminaron hace mas de 18 anos.

4) EI Costo Estimado de Los Sistemas Regionales de Agua Potable Propuesto por el Sr. Cabrera es Descomunalmente Exorbitante, y se Basa en un Calculo de Poblacion Erroneo y Costos Unitarios Exagerados

La Pob/acion de /a Concesion en /a que e/ Sr. Cabrera Basa Sus Costos Excede a /a Pob/aci6n Real que Careee de SelVicios de Agua por un Factor de 9 Veces: La estimaci6n de la poblaci6n futura a servir con los tres sistemas regionales que propone el senor Cabrera (es decir, 348233 personas en el area de la antigua Concesi6n en el al'\o 2027) carece de base tecnica y ademas no tiene relacion con la poblaci6n que no tiene acceSo a los suministros publicos de agua de consumo en esta regi6n. Para el ano 2007, basandose en la infonnacion proporcionada en el informe "Megaproyecto de Agua y Saneamiento, Plan Estrategico de Cobertura de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de la Regi6n Amazonica Ecuatoriana" ECORAE, 2003, la poblaci6n dentro del area especifrca de la antigua Concesi6n era aproximadamente 83000 personas (vease el Adjunto F.1) Oe esta, aproximadamente el 55% cuenta con acceso a los suministros publicos de agua de consumo (ECORAE, 2003), 10 que indica que la poblaci6n que carece de estos servicios es menor de 37500 personas. Sin embargo, el Sr. Cabrera presenta una estimaci6n de la poblaci6n en 2007 (140985 personas) que es casi 4 veces mas alta que esta cifra, debido a varios errores que comete, los que incluyen:

i) Usa de la totalidad de la poblaci6n para cada cant6n, los cuales solo se encuentran parcialmente ubicados dentro del area de la antigua Concesi6n, (por ejemplo, solamente el 20 a 60% del area de los cantones de Orellana, Shushufindi, Lago Agrio y La Joya de Los Sachas se encuentra dentro de la Concesion);

Ii) Incluir el cant6n Cascales, el cual se encuentra fuera del area de la antigua Concesion;

iii) Ignorar el porcentaje de la poblaci6n que ya cuenta con servicios publicos, los cuales, como se ha demostrado, no presentan impactos por las operaciones petroleras en esta area.

Con base en su estimaci6n exagerada de la poblaci6n actual (4 veces mas alta que la que carece de acceso al suministro publico de agua), el Sr. Cabrera predlce una poblaci6n futura al ano 2027 de 348233 personas, la cual es mas de 9 veces mayor que la poblaci6n maxima actual a la que Ie faltan servlcios publicos de agua de consumo. Esta proyecci6n futura de la poblaci6n no solamente ignora las Ilmitaciones practicas, econ6micas y de infraestructura sobre el crecimiento de la poblaci6n del area, sino que no tiene relaci6n alguna .",''''~'--~';','''''"''''> con las condiciones reales en la antigua Concesi6n, en la que ningun suministrQ\:" -,: ,-,' publico esta impactado por las operaciones hist6ricas de Texpet_ -::,""

Respuesta a Affrmaciones del Sr. Cabrera con Relaci6n e Supuestos Impactos a Recursos de Ague 14


,! 1;:;";...,-

CVX-RICO-1165027


SA7024

Q~~~~ ~?~:~y\P 1 ~Q.'l~ '-IC~~ ttfIGS~~~

Emitido: 29 de Agosto de 2008 ENVJRONMENTAL ~

EJ Costa Estimado por e/ Sr. Cabrera para los Sistemas Regionales de 1 \~ [) Agua Es de 9 a 22 Veces Mas Alto que los Costas Establecidas en Estudios -. cV Regionales: Como se ve en la Figura 8, los costos de los 3 sistemas regionales descritos en el Anexo R del informe del Sr. Cabrera corresponden a costos unitarios de entre $1024 a $1916 por persona, los cuales son de 9 a 17 veces mayores al costo promedio real para la captaci6n, tratamiento, distribucion, conexi6n y medici6n de agua de consumo, segun estudios de recursos de agua especificos para esta misma regi6n, incluyendo los de ECORAE, 2003 ($100 por persona); el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2005 ($142 por persona); y el World Water Council (por Toubkiss, J., 2006) ($81 par persona). Mas aun, segun el "Megaproyecto de Agua y Saneamiento, Plan Estrategico de Cobertura de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de la Regi6n Amazonica Ecuatoriana,· de ECORAE (por Yanez y otros, 2003), el costo total para el incremento de la cobertura de agua potable y servicios sanitarios al 90% de la poblacion en las 6 provincias orientales hasta el ano 2018 serf a aproximadamente $125 millones, de los cuales, aproximadamente $48 mil/ones correspond en al costa para los 4 cantones donde se encontraba ubicada la Concesion Petroecuador-Texaco: Sacha, Lago Agrio, Shushufindi y Orellana (vease el Adjunto F.2).

Con el fin de realizar un ejercicio teorico de comparaci6n de los costos reales de los sistemas de tratamiento de agua con los costos exagerados cltados por el Sr. Cabrera, se podria calcular el costo del estudio de ECORAE correspondiente al area de la Concesi6n, teniendo en cuenta que esta ocupaba apmximadamente un 40% del area de los 4 cantones donde sa encontraba ubicada. De asia manera, se pod ria estimar que el costo para el area de la antigua Concesi6n seria el 40% de $48 millones, es decir apmximadamente $19 mil/ones para aumentar la cobertura de agua y saneamiento en esta zona, el cual es mas de 22 veces menor que el costo de $428 millones propuesto por el Sr. Cabrera solo para agua potable. Sin embargo, hay que resaltar que los costos calculados en eJ estudio de ECORAE tratan de la extensi6n y mejora de los servicios existentes de agua y saneamiento, y no esmn de ninguna manera relacionados con los supuestos impactos a. la caUdad delagua por las operaciones historicas de Texpet, los que, como se ha demostrado con los anelisis de agua de consumo a traves de esta area, no existen. Por 10 tanto, la porei6n del casto de proveer estos servicios que Ie corresponde a Texpet es cero.

~spuesta a Alirmaciones del Sr. Cabfflra con Relaci6n a supuesros Impactos a ReCUfOOS de Agua 15

Maria Agulnda et s/ vs. Chevron Region Oriente, Ecuador


CVX-RICO-1165028


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FIGURA 8: Comparacl6n de los Costes Unitarlos de Sistemas de Agua Potable

,p'" ~

Informe de Cabrera, Mal'2:o de 20()S

Estudios de Recursos de Ague en el Oriente

,p'}, ,p~ 1</>'0 r;)~ rj)"" ~ ~ :v," ');' /:? ,#'?j ~.

"v -§><fI «,V #' ~

b~ ~ol$

PUBLICACI6N

Red 1, 2, 3 " Reporte de Sr. Cabrera, Anexo R. 24 de Marzo de 2008.

World Waler " Toubkis$, J., "Costing MDG Target 10 on WaterSuppry and Sanitation: Council, 2006 Comparative An alysis. Obstacles, and Recommendations,' WOrld Water Council,

World Waler Forum, 2006. Banco lAD, " Inter American Development Bank, "Water and fJe Millennium Development 2005 Goals, 1.)Vestment Needs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Abril 2005.

ECORAE,2oo3 "Yanez, F. et al.. "Megaproyeclo de Agua y Saneamlento, Plan Estrategico de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Saneamienlo de la Regi6n Amaz6ntca Ecuatoriana," Instituto para 91 ECOO9sarrollo de Is Regi6n Amaz6nica del Ecuador (ECORAE). Ecuador, 2003.

Respuesla a Afirrnaciones del Sr. Cabrera con Relaei6n a Supuestos 1m aetas a Recu~ de Ague 16

Maria Aguinda et al va. Chevron' RegiOn Oriente, Ecuador


CVX-RICO-1165029


SA7026

Emitido: 29 de Agosto de 20013 ENVI ~ON MON"-Al l 4.0 REFERENCIAS

BID, 2005; (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo) Inter American Development Bank, ·Water and the Millennium Development Goals, Investment Needs in Latin America and the Caribbean: Abril 2005.

Cabrera, R., 2008; Informe Sumario del Examen Perieial, Nueva Loja - Ecuador, Marzo de 2008.

Cabrera, R., 2008; Anexo R: Evaluaei6n de Costos para la Provisi6n de Agua en las Provincias de Sueumbios y Orellana Ecuador, Informe Sumario del Examen Pericial, Nueva Loja - Ecuador, Marzo de 2008.

Dlarlo Independiente de Lago Agrio, 2008; Ediei6n 476 del 16 de marzo de 2008, "Entrega de Agua Potable Se Normaliza en el Coca", Lago Agrio 2008.

Douglas, G., 2008; Refutaci6n de los Datos AnaUticos del Sr. Cabrera y Evaluaci6n de la Validez de su Programa de Muestreo y Programa Analitico, 2008.

ECORAE, 2003; Instituto para el Ecodesarrollo de la Regi6n Amaz6nica del Ecuador, "Megaproyecto de Agua y Saneamiento, Plan Estrategico de los Servidos de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de la Regi6n Amaz6nica Ecuatoriana,~ Informe preparado para ECORAE por Yanez, F. et ar., Ecuador, 2003.

EI Comere/o, 2008; 19 de marzo de 2008, ·Coca Cuenla con Agua Potable, Quito 2008.

Fugro McClelland, 1992; "Resumen Ejeeutfvo de la Auditoria Ambiental de las operaeiones del Consorcio Petroeeuador-Texaco, 1990-1992", Ecuador, 1992.

Galarraga Sanchez, 2001; "Estado y Gesti6n de los Recursos Hidricos en el Ecuador', 2001, en http://tierra.rediris.eslhidroredlbasededatosldocu 1.html, Consultado en Nov/embre 2007.

GMFO, 2008; Gobierno Municipal de Francisco de Orellana, "Informe de Monitoreo Rlos Coca Zona de Captaei6n de Agua Potable", del 8 de matzo de 2008, Coca 2008.

Jochnick, C., et al., 1994; Violaciones de Derechos en la Amazon[a Ecuatoriana, Centm para los Derechos Sociales y Econ6micos, Ecuador, 1994.

HCPO, 2005; Honorable Consejo Provincial de Orellana, Departamento del Ambiente, 'Unea Base Ambiental de la Provincia de OreJlana", 2005.

LabSu, 2008; "Ampliaci6n al Informe de Ensayo No. 23044" del 16 de marzo de 2008, Coca 2008.

Levy, K. et aI., 2008; uFoliowing the Water: A Controlled Study of Drinking Water storage in Northern Coastal Ecuador", NIEHS, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Julio 2008.

McHugh, T., 2005; Criterios de CaUdad de Agua y Suelo para la Evaluaci6n de Datos Ambientales de las Inspecciones Judiciales, 2005. Apendices Tecnicos de las lnspecciones Judiciales.

;.?~;~~,":;

MIDUVI, 2002; Ministerio de Oesarmllo Urbano y Vivienda del Ecuador (MIDUYI» Sub secreta ria de Saneamiento Ambiental, "Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del Sector Agua Potable y Saneamiento Basico' Plan preparado para MIDUVI por Yepez, G., G6mez,~:B. Ecuador 2002. .

Respuesta a AfinnaCiOnes del Sr. cabrera GOO

ReiaCi6n a Supuestos 1m cios a RecufSOs de Aqua 17 Maria Aguindaet a/ vs. Ch~' RegiOn Oriente, Ecuador ":~"


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Emilido: 29 de Agosto d& 2008

OMS, 1995; Organizaci6n Mundial de la Salud, Gufas para la caUdad del agua potable, Volumen 1, Recomenclaciones, 2da edici6n, 1995.

Toubkiss, J., 2006; "Costing MDG Target 10 on Water Supply and Sanitation: Comparative Analysis, Obstacles, and Recommendations," World Water CounCil, World Water Forum, 2006.

USAID, BID, CARE Intemacional, CONADE, OPS/OMS, 1994: 'Plan Regional de Inversiones en Ambiente y Salud,' 1994.

Visscher, J., et aI., 1995; "Evaluaci6n Post-Proyectos de Agua y Saneamiento en la Republica del Ecuador, Informe Finar, Convenio SSA - CARE - ETAPA - IRC _ CINARA, Cali, Colombia, Octubre 1995.

Respuasta a AfinnaGiones del Sr. Cabrera con Relacl6n a Supuestos Impactos a ReOUfa::>S de Agua 18

Maria Aguinda et al ItS. Chev Regi6n Oriente, Ecuador


CVX-RICO-1165031


SA7028


Respuesta a las Afirmaciones del Sr. Cabrera en Relaci6n Con Supuestos Impactos a los Recursos de Agua en el Area de la Concesi6n

Petroecuador-Texaco

ADJUNTOK

Maria Aguinda y otros vs. Chevron Corporation Juicio No. 002-2003, Corte Superior de Justicia, Nueva LOja, Ecuador

ADJUNTO K Curriculum Vitae de los Autores


CVX-RICO-1165130


SA7029

John A. Connor, P.E., P.G., D.E.E.

Resumen Biografico

EUng . .connoras al Presldentede-Groundwater'SelVir:es, Inc. (GSI);-en'Ho(fston;Tcxas~' EJiedbf6su . grado de maestria en Ingenieria Civil en la Universidad de Stanford y tiene mas de 28 afios de expenencia en ingenier!a ambiental, con especiafizacion en investigaci6n ambiental de silios, evaluaGi6n de riesgos ambie.ntales y humanos, y disefio de acciones correctivas. EI Ing. Connor liene IicenGia profesional en Jngenieria (P.E.) y licencia profesional en Geociencia (P.G.), yes un Diplomado de la Academia Americana de Ingenieria Ambiental (0.E.E.). EI ha selVido como instructor en Hidrologia de Aguas Subterraneas en la Universldad de Houston, es un Instructor Certificado para la Inreiativa en Entrenamiento en Aceiones Correctivas con Criterio de riesgo de EPAIASTM (RBCA), y ha selVldo como consultor Mcnico en el desarrolJo de programas normativos basados en criterios de riesgo en aproximadamente 15 Estados an los EE.UU., as! como Canada, y Puerto Rico y Latinoamerlca. EI ha desarrollado y presenlado curses de enlrenamiento sobre las reglas del Programa de Reducci6n de Riesgos de Texas (TRRP) a los empleados de la comisi6n para calidad ambiental de Te)(as (TCEQ) y a mas de 2000 empleados de compafiias consultoras y de la industria privada en el estado de Texas. EJ es el autor principal del programa "RBGA Tool Kit for Chemical Releases," el software mas utilizado para la evaluaci6n de la remediaci6n de agua subterranea y suetos. Ademas, el es el autor de numerosas publicaciones lecnicas sobre atenuaci6n natural, modelaje de transformaci6n y trasporte de qufmicos, evaluad6n del riesgo ambiental, y tecnologlas de remedlacion, y ha desarrolJado e impartido entrenamiento tecnico en estos t6picos en EE.UU., Canada, America Latina, Europa, y Asia. EI Ing. Connor ha sido designado como perito en casos que involucran analisis forense de impactos ambientaJes; evaluaci6n de dafios a recursos naturales; remediacion de problemas de poluci6n del suela, agua subterrfmea y agua superficial; y asignaci6n de responsabilidad juridica en proyectos en los EE.UU., Latinoamerica, yel Medio Oriente. lng. Connor habla Ingles yespano!.

Experiencia Profesional

Prosidente - Ingen;ero Ambiental y Geotecnico, Groundwater SelVices, Inc., Houston, T exes. 1986 al presente

Instruotor, Programa de Graduados ell Ingenieria Ambiental, Departamento de Ingenieria Civil, Unlversidad de Houston, Houston, Texas. 1988 - 1989

Gerente Geoteonicq, S & B Engineering Inc., Houston, Texas. 1982 -1987

fngeniero de Proyectos Geoieonicot;, Shannon & Wilson, Inc., Houston, Texas. 1980 -1982

Ayudante de Gatedra, Facuttad de Ingenieria, Universidad de Stanford, Stanford, California. 1978-1980

Patentes

Connor, J.A., D.A. Clifford, P.T. King, "Method of Controlling the Production of Radioactive Materials from a Subterranean ReselVoir," Patente Estadounidense 5,196,124, Fecha de Pub/icacion: 23 de Marzo de 1992.

Connor, J. A., D. A Clifford, P. King, "Method of Reducing the Level of Contaminant Materials in Produced Subterranean Reservior Fluids," Commonwealth de Australia, Documento No. AU-B-39238f93, NLimero de Aceptacl6n: 669361, Fecha de PubUcacion: 16 de Marzo de 1993.

Educ3ci6n

M.S., Ingenierla Civil con especiali78ci6n en lngenierfa Gaotecnica, Universidad de Stanford, 1979.

Bachiller en Artes (BA.), Ingles, grado con honores, Phi Beta Kappa, Universidad de Stanford, 1978.

Certificaciones y AfiJiaciones Profesionales ---------..::..------------------------~ ............ "."'. Ingeniero con Ucencia Profesional en el Estado de Texas, No. 62707

Geocientifico con Ucencia Profesional en Clencias del Suelo, Junta de Neocientificos profesionales del Estado de Texas, Licencia No. 4266

Adjunto K: Currfcu/um Vitae d", los Autores RespuBsta a las Afirmacion~s def Sr. Cab, SupueSfos Impactos a RIilC . .


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John A. Connor; PAaina 2 de 4

Certificaciones y Afi/iaciones Profesionales (continuac;on)

Diplomado, Academia Americana de Ingenieros Ambientales

Certificaci6n del Estado Texas para la Gerencia de Proyectos de Acci6n Correctiva en Tanques Su~errnneoscon FUtracionElsiLP§l). Re~istro No. CAPM00656

Presidente Pasado, Comite Local para Planificaci6n de Emergencias de Houston (LEPC)

Instructor Certificado para Ja iniciativa de Entrenamiento de ASTM en Acciones Correctivas con Criterio de Riesgo (RBCA)

Antiguo Miembro de la Junia Directiva del Comite de Houston para el Desarrollo de la Tierra, Programa de EPA para Brownlields

Comite Asesor, Coalici6n de Ciudadanos para Asuntos Ambientales

Miembro, Grupo de Trabajo para la Evaluaci6n de Riesgos Ecol6gicos. programa de Reducci6n de nesgos de Texas

Miembro. Phi Beta Kappa Society

Publ icaciones

Connor, J. A .. F. Ahmad, KC. Hamel, R.J. Pokluda, K. Ravishankar (2007), Practical Guidelines for Roadspreading of Exploration & Production (E&P) Wastes; 14th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Houston, Texas. November 6 - 9, 2007.

Newell, C.J., and J.A. Connor, 2006, "Strategies for Addressing Salt Impacts of Produced Water Releases to Plants, Soils, and Groundwater," American Petroleum Institute (API), Produced Waste Issues Group.

Connor, J. A., F. Ahmad, and T. E. McHugh (2006), Evaluation of Vapor Intrusion from a Subsurface Diesel Plume Using Multiple Lines of Evidence. PetrOleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Assessment, and Remediation Conference, Houston, Texas. November 6-7, 2006.

Connor, J. A., RL. Bowers, S.1. Maberti, J.C. Mejia, K. Ravishankar, S.Y. Alvarez (2006), Use of Risk-Based Criteria for Characteriza1ion of EnVironmental Remediation liabilities in Upstream Oil and Gas Production Facilities. 13th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, San Antonio, DC October 17-20, 2006.

Connor, J. A., C.J. Newell, H, H. Hopkins (2006). Practical Guidelines for Addressing Impacts of Produced Water Releases to Plants, Sail, and Groundwater. 13th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, San Antonio, Texas. October 17-20, 2006.

Connor, J.A. (co-author), 2005, "Standard Guide fer Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties, ASTM E2435-0S: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, July 2005.

Connor, J.A., F. Ahmad, and RL. Bowers, 2005, 'Technical Evaluation of Natural Resources Damage Assessments (NRDA) of Groundwater Resources: Proceedings of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) Ground Water and Environmental Law Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2005.

Connor, JA., C.J. Newell. and D.L. Rowen, "Groundwater Remediation Strategies Tool", American Petroleum Institute, Regulatory Analysis & Scientific Affairs Department, Publication Number 4730, December 2003.

Connor, J .A., and T. E. McHugh, 2002, "Impact of Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) on State Corrective Action Programs," Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, CRC Press.

Connor, J.A., R.L. Bowers, and T.E. McHugh, "RBCA Toolkit Comprehensive Risk-Based Mod}lJlifig' System for Soil and Groundwater Cleanup," in Unders, J.B.H.J. (ed.), Modelling of Environmental Chemical Exposure and Risk, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2001. . .

Connor, J. A., T. E. McHugh, C. Clarke, P. Lewis, "TNRCC Texas Risk Reduction Program (TRRFl) Traini Seminar, Modules 1 - 3,» course training materials, Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Te4~~;;20Q.

Arfjunta K: CUITiculum Vitae de los Autores Respue::>ta a las AfifTTI{Jr;iQnf1s del Sr. Cab~ s re S(lpuestos Impacto::> a RecursDihiJe 'Agua


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John A. Connor; Pagina 3 d", 4

Publicaciones (continuacion)

Connor, J. A. and T. E. McHugh, "Risk-Based Decision-Making Performance Assessment Study; Study Results and Recommendations for RBDM Program Performance Monitoring," ASTM Technical Bulletin, USEPA Cooperative Agreement X825708-01, March 2000.

Co1'\riOr',j::A::,Ft 1~:Bower5~TP.NeVln~R.T·,Fisht;r: ~'RBCA Tool Kit for Chemical ReleaSes," Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, 1999.

Connor, JA, "User's Guide to Wisconsin Corrective Action Rules," Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WisconSin, Publication No. RR-576-07, 1999 (pending).

Connor, J. A., and R. L. Bowers, "Guidelines for Risk-Based Corrective Action Modeling for Chemical Release Sites," Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1998.

Connor, J.A., R.L. Bowers, S.M. Paquette, and C.J. Newell, "Soil Attenuation Model for Derivation of RiskBased Soil Remediation Standards:' National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1997.

Connor, J.A., J.P. Nevin, M. Malander, C. Stanley, and G. DeVaull, "Tier 2 RBCA Guidance Manual for RiskBased Corrective Action," Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, January 1996, 126 p.

Connor, J.A., "Wisconsin RBCA Fact Sheet," Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 1996.

Connor, J. A., C. J. Newell, M. W. Malander, ·Parameter Estimation Guidelines for Risk-Based Corrective Action Modeling," National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1996.

Connor, J.A., M. Malander, A. Guisseppi-Elie, "RBCA State Risk Policy/strategy Issues WorKbook," Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, 1.995,44 p.

Connor, J.A., J.P. Nevin, R.T. Fisher, RL. Bowers, and C. J. Newell, ~RBCA Spreadsheet System and Modeling Guidelines Version 1.0.; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, 1995.

Connor, J. A. and D. A. Clifford, "NORM Waste Minimization Using In-Situ Treatment Method," The American Oil and Gas Reporter, December 1994,

Connor, J.A., C.J. Newell, J.P. Nevin, and H$, Rifai, "Guidelines for Use of Groundwater Spreadsheet Models in Risk-Based Corrective Action Design," National Ground Water Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water Conference, Houston, Texas, November 1994, pp. 43-55,

Connor, J.A" "Hydrogeologic Site Investigations," in P.B. Bedient, H.S. Rifai, and C,J. Newell, Ground Water Contamination: Transport and Remediation Prentice Hal!, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994,

Connor, J.A., DA Clifford, P.T. King, "In-Situ Method for Reducing the Production of Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) from Subsurface Reservoirs," Proceedings of Petro-Safe '93, 4th Annual Environmental, Safety and Health Conference for Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries, Houston, Texas, January 1993, Book 3, Volume IX, pp. 461-478.

Connor, J.A., "GSI User's Guide; Texas Risk Reduction Rules for Closure/Remediation," Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, 1993. 16 p.

ConnOfl J.A., C.J. NeweUj

and D.K. Wilson! HAssessment, Field Testingt and Conceptual D.9si§Jh·~~f~r~~ ~'~~., Managing Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPls) at a Superfund Site," Proceedings of th(3 Conference on Petroleum

Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater, National Water Well Association. !:1buston, November 1989. ,; - -

\\ Adjunto K: Curriculum Vitae de los Autores


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·fohn A Connor; Pagfna 4 de 4

Publicaciones (continuacion)

Connor, J.A, and JB. Blackburn, "A Critical Examination of the Small Quantity Generator Exemption," State Bar of Texas Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 14, No.3, June 1984.

DeVaul/, G., Ettinger:,- R,::/JI;lJlSetJ •. E;-;.:MacDonald, R., Stanley, C .. JohriSoiiicP-,;Conilor,~.,..anil.,g~Nevinj.c· . "'''Tler 1Gtiidonce Mani.lanofRI5k-=Ela~dCorrectlve Action and Overview of the Process," Shell Oil

Company, Houston, Texas, October 1995.

Freeberg, K.M., P.B. Bedient, J.A Connor, "Modeling of TCE Contamination and Recovery in a Shallow Sand Aquifer." Ground Water Journal, National Water Well Association, Vol. 25, No.1, JanuaryFebruary 1987.

McLeod, RK. and J.A. Connor, "Impact of Environmental Regulations on Smal/ Business," Proceedings of Haztech International Conference, Houston, Texas, February 1992, pp. 5B-1 to 5B-9.

McHugh, T.E., J.A. Connor, and F. Ahmad, "An Empirical Analysis of the Groundwaier-to-Indoor-Air Exposure Pathway: The Role of Background Concentrations in Indoor Air," Environmental Forensics, 5:33-44, 2004

McHugh, T.E., J.A. Connor, F. Ahmad, and C.J. Newell, "A Groundwater Mass Flux ModeJ for Groundwaterto Jndoor Air Vapor Intrusion," in: V.S. Magar and M.E. Kelley (Eds.), In Situ and On-SHe Bioremediaiion--2003, Proceedings of the Seventh International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, Orlando, FL; June 2003, published by Ba1telle Press, Columbus, OH, 2003.

Nevin, J. P., C.J. Newell, J.A. Connor, T.E. McHugh, N.J. Novick, "Practical Methods for Demonstration of Groundwater Remediation by Natural Attenuation (RNA)," National Groundwater Association, Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, TX, November 1998.

Newell, C.J., H.S. Rifai, J.T. Wilson, JA Connor, J.J. Aziz, M.P. Suarez, 2002. Calculation and Use of First Order Rate Constants for Monitored Natural Attenuation studies, U.S. EPA Ground Water Issue, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPN540/S"()21500, November 2002.

Newell, C.J. and J.A. Connor, "Characteristics of Dissolved Hydrocarbon Plumes: Results from Four Studies" American Petroleum Institute Society and Groundwater Task Force, 1999.

Newell, C.J. and JA Connor, "Detection and Delineation of Subsurface DNAPL Distribution, ~ Water Environment Foundation DNAPL Preconference Seminar, WEF, New Orleans. LA., September 23, 1992.

Newell, C.J. and J.A. Connor, "Assessment, Field Testing, and Conceptual Design for Managing Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) at a Superfund Srle," EPA DNAPL Workshop, Dallas, Texas, R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab .. U.S. EPA, April 1991.

Newell, C.J., J.A. Connor, D.K. Wilson, and I.E. McHugh, "Impact of Dissolution of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) on Groundwater Remediation," Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals In Groundwater, NWWA, Houston, Texas, November 1991.

Newel/, C.J., J.A. Connor, and DK Wilson, "Pilot Test for Evaluating the Effectiveness of EnhanCEd In-Situ Biodegradation for Soil Remediation," Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater, NWWA, Houston, Texas, October 1990.

Todd, D., JA Connor, and J. Hope. "Houston Report: Air Quality, Water Quality, Solid Waste Management," Citizens Environmental Coalition, Houston, Texas, January 1986.

Yare, B.S., J.A. Connor, and D.J. Schae.zler, "Organic Contaminant Control in a Gulf Coast Aqujfer,",":"' .. Proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Groundwater Monitoring, National Water Well Association, May 1984. /

Adjunto K' CUffiau/urn V"lfae de los Autores

i.

( 'l

Respu8sta a fas Afirmacion .. s del Sr. Cabrera Supuestos Impactos a Recurs,


CVX-RICO-1165134


SA7033

Roberto C. Landazuri A.

Resumen Biogrilfico

-Er!fii,j:Tandazurl eslngeriiero de proyectos de la companla GSI Environmental, Inc. (GSI) y cuenta con mas de 6 anos de experiencia profesional en el campo de la ingenieria ambiental, con especialidad en proyectos ambientales relacionados con la industria pelrolera en America latina. Suexperiellcia incluye Ja carac!erizaci6n ambiental de silios, programas de monitoreo. estudios de impacto am bienta I y estudios edafol6gicos de eva[uaci6n y clasificaci6n de sue los. EI lngeniero landazuri esm afiliado Oil Colegio de Ingenieros Ge6Iog06, Minas, Petr61eos y Ambientales del Ecuador y es miembro de 101 Sociedad Ecuatoriana de 101 CJencia del Suelo.

EI Ingeniero Landazuri obtuvo el titulo de lngeniero Ambiental de 101 Universidad IntemacionOiI Sek de Quito en el afio 2000, y una Maestria en Recursos Fisicos del Suelo de [a Universidad de Gante en Belgica en el ano 2002. Se desempefi6 como ingeniero ambiental de la Empresa Metropolitana de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Quito hasta el afio 2004 e incursion6 en 101 consulloria ambienta! para 101 industria petrolera con 101 empresa ENTRIX Inc .. en Quito. En el ano 2005 fue contratado como ingeniero contratista de 101 empresa GSJ Environmental, Inc., en Quito. desde donde colabor6 en varies pmyectos ambientales en America latina y el Medio Oriente. Ademas, fue Director de la Fundaci6n GEA Proyectos Ambientales de Quito y Gerente de la empresa Earthtech S. A. en Quito. Desde comienzes del ario 2008 fue contratado como ingeniero de proyectos a tiempo completo por 101 empresa GSI Environmental, Inc. en Houston.

Experiencia Profesional

Jngeniero Ambiental. GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, Texas; 2008 - Actualidad.

Ing9niero Ambiental (control/sta), GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, Texas; 2005 - 2008

Ingeniero Ambiental, Eatthclech, SA., Quito, Ecuador; 2006 - 2008

Ingeniero Ambiental, ENTRIX America, Inc., Quito, Ecuador; 2004 - 2005

fngeniero Ambienta/, Honorable Consejo Provincial de Loja, HCPL., Loja, Ecuador; 2003 - 2004

Ingeniero Ambientaf, Empresa de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de Quito, EMAAP-Q., Quito, Ecuador; 2002~2003

Ingeniero Ambiental, Fundaci6n GEA Proyer::tos Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador; 2003 - 2008

Ingeniero Ambiental Egresado, FibratJnt S.A., Quito, Ecuador; 2000

Pasantia de /ngenieria Ambientaf, Yacimientos Petrolfferos Fiscales, YPF., Conoesion Petro/era B/oque 16, Ecuador; 1999

Educaci6n

M.S., Recursos Fisicos del Suelo con menci6n en An<ldisis, Universidad de Gante. Gante - Belgica, 2002. Tesis: "Difusi6n de Oxigeno y su Relaci6n con el Contenido de Humedad en un Suelo Franco Arenoso". Titulo obtenido con Distinci6n.

Diplomado en Estudios Complementarios, Recursos Ffsicos de! SUE;Jlo, Universidad de Gante, Gante -Be!gica, 2001- Titulo obtenido con Distinci6n.

Ingenieria Ambiental, Universidad Intemacional Sek Quito, Quito - Ecuador, 1995 - 2000.

Afiliaciones Profesionales

Sociedad Norteamericana de la Ciencia del Suelo, SSSA

Sociedad Ecuatoliana de la Ciencia del Suelo, SECS

Instituto internacionaJ de la Potasa y el Fosforo, INPOFOS

Escuela de Ingenieros Ge6logos, Minas, Petr6leos y Ambientales del Ecuador

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Adjunto K: Cumculum Vitae de los Autores ReSpUesta a las Afinnaciones del Sr. CabreJf1 sobr-e Supuesfos Impactos a ReGUrsOSl):k: Agu


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Roberto C. Landazuri; Pagina 2 de 2

Participacion en Proyectos

Evafuaci6n de Vapores Organicos en el Gas del Sue/a, Azcapotzalco - Mexico D.F. Recoleccion de datos ambientales en muestras de gas del suel0 para el desarro110 de un estudio de evaluaci6n de la presencia de va pores organicos en el gas del suelo y su potencial riesgo a la salud humane.

EW!fuaci6n de Datos y iJesa;;-offo de Plan de Investigeci6n, Cafiad6n Minerales, Patagonia" Argentina. lnvestigaci6n de datos y desarrollo del plan de investigaci6n suplementaria para monitorear la atenuacion natural de una pluma de agua de producci6n en el agua subterrtmea.

InvestigaciOn Ambiental de Sitios, Concesi6n Petrolera, Bloque 1 B • Marib AI Jawf, Yemen. Conduccion de investigaciones ambientaJes ex1ensivas en una serie de plataformas petroleras y facilidades de produccion con el objetivo de dar soporte tecnico a un equipo litigante multidisciplinario.

fnvestigaci6n Ambientsl de Sitios, Region Oriental del Ecuador. Conduccion de investigaciones ambientales extensivas en una serie de platafonnas petroleras, incluyendo facilidades de producci6n con el objelivo de dar soporte tecnico a un equipo litigante multidiscipJinario. Jnvestigacion de datos hist6ricos yayuda en el desarrollo de estrategias de muestreo y responsable de la implementacion de las mismas como "Director de Muestreo" para dar soporte a los Perit05 Tecnicos que actUan como parte del litigio durante Inspecciones Judirjales de los silios.

EIA, Planta Hidroelectsica, Parroquia Quijos, Ecuador. Reallzacion de prosPecciones edafnlogicas para caracierizar las unidades de suefo como parte de fa linea base ambiental parte del Estudio da Impacto Ambiental para fa implementaci6n de la Planta Hidroel!lIctrica en el Rio Quijos.

Monitoreo Ambiental,. Conoosi6n Petrolera, Bloque 21 - Region Oriental del Ecuador. ReaJizaci6n del monitoreo ambiental de la construceion de la plataforma petrolera 'Pad G" con el objetivo de hacer cumplir I'll PMA especificado en el EIA. Ademas, sa realiz6 el monitoreo de laS aclividades del taladm durante las aclividades de pertorad6n de los pozos direccionales, 10 que incluy6 la toma de muestras de 'varios medios ambientales y el seguimiento del Plan de Salud, Seguridad y Medio Ambiente especffico al smo.

EJA, Concesion Petrolera, Bloque 21 - Regi6n Oriental del Ecuador, Realizaci6n de prospecciones edafol6gicas para caracterJzar las unidades de suelo como parte de fa lInea base ambiental parte del Estudio de Impaclo Ambiental para la construcciOn de fa plataforma petrolera 'Pad G" y su via de acceso y ademas sa dio soporte tecnico al equipo muJlidisciplinario para la identificacion y valoracion de impactos, asi como tambh~n para F!I desarrollo del PMA espec:ifico af sitio.

EIA, Concesion Petrolera, Bloque 21 • Region Oriental del Ecuador. Realizaci6n de prospecciones edafol6gicas para caracterizar las unidades de suela como parte de la linea base ambiental parte del Estudio de lmpacto Ambiental para la consiruccion de la plataforma petrolera 'Pad F" y su via de acceso y ademas se dio soporte tecnJco aJ equipo multldisciplinario para la identificaci6n y valoracion de impactos, asi como tambiim para el desarrollo del PMA especifico al silio.

EtA. Concesion Petrolera, Bloque 16 - Regi6n Oriental del Ecuador. Se dio soporte tecnico al equipo multidisciplinario responsable del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental para la construcci6n de la plataforma petrolera "Zine" y ademas sa dio apoyo tecnico para la idenlificacion y valoraci6n de impactos, asi como tamblelfi para el desarrollo del PMA especlfico al silio.

Peritaje, Parroquia Papallacta • Region Oriental del Ecuador. EI perltaje conslo de una inspecci6n al silio don de ocurrio un derrame de petr61eo de un oleoducto el 7 de Abril de 2003 e impaeto la "Laguna de Papallacla", yel desarrollo de un informe pericia!.

Monitoreo Ambiental, Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador. Desarrollo del plan de muestreo y anolisis del rio Machangara en la eiudad de Quito y de las descargas de los princ!pales cotectores de la ciudad, incJuyendo la visiio a los silios, accesibilidad, tiempo de relencion para amjlisis y personal; y la implementacion del plan mensual y trimeslra!.

FIA, Parque E6Jico de 15 MW, Loja, Ecuador. Sa coordinaron todos los trabajos e investigaciones tendientes af levantamiento de informaci6n ambiental base para el desarrollo del Estudio de Impacto Ambientaf Preliminar para la consirucci6n del Parque E61ico, incluyendo la coordinaci6n del equipo SIG, evaiuaciones paisajisticas, monitoreo de ruido y el desarrollo de la rnatriz de impactos y el PMA preliminar.

Adjunto K: Curriculum Vitse de los Autores R",spue,*, a las Afirmaciones d",1 Sr. CabfS/"a sabre Supues/os Impaotos a Reoursos de Agua


CVX-RICO-1165136


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