NEBOSH INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE

Group Syndicate ActivityWhat welfare facilities would you expect an employer to provide for the following groups of people?Accident and emergency nurseConstruction workerAccountant (office based)

The minimum standards are elaborated on in the following slides. Here we are looking for students to show that they can identify the different needs of the different workers. Clearly all need toilets, washing facilities, drinking water, rest and eating facilities, an area to obtain food etc.

The A&E nurse will require showering and changing areas, plus somewhere to store their clothes.The construction workers will also require drying areas for clothes and somewhere warm to rest as they may work in cold weatherThe office worker wont require showering facilities of a change of clothes.1Extremes of TemperatureGroup Syndicate ExerciseWhat are the health issues associated with working in:Hot, andCold environments?

Answers on next slide

Hot environments:DehydrationMuscle crampsHeat stressHeat strokeBurns

Cold environments :HypothermiaFrostbiteSlip hazardsFreeze burns injuries

End of Section QuizWhat are the basic welfare requirements for workers?What are the effects of working in a cold environment?What controls should be in place to reduce the risk in a cold workplace?

1- Minimum welfare provision means ensuring that workers have access to drinking water; sanitary conveniences; washing facilities; changing rooms and accommodation for clothing; and places to rest and eat food

2- effects of a cold environment include: Hypothermia core temperature drops below 35C; causes shivering, mood swings, irrational behaviour, lethargy, drowsiness and death. Frost bite body tissues are frozen causing tissue damage and in extreme cases necrosis, gangrene and amputation. Slip hazards in particular floors will become slippery with ice. Freeze burn injuries from skin contact with very cold surfaces.

3 - For a cold environment: Prevent or protect workers from draughts. Shield/lag extremely cold surfaces. Provide warm refuges where workers can warm up. Provide PPE such as insulated jackets, trousers, boots, balaclavas, etc. Provide frequent breaks and job rotation. Provide easy access to hot food and drinks. Scrape, salt or grit icy floors. Provide IITS

3Group Syndicate ExerciseWhat is the difference between violence and aggression?What occupations are most at risk of violence and why?

4Depends much on individual company policy definitions, they often differ widely and no definition in law

Aggression often taken to be threat, verbal, aimed at an individual

Violence often taken to be anger etc. resulting in physical contact of any kind

Occupations most at risk:Hospital A&E staffPoliceSocial workersBus and taxi driversFirefighters and paramedicsTraffic wardensRailway staffEstate agents

Risk factors i.e. why?:Cash handling Lone working Representing authority Wearing a uniformDealing with people under stress Dealing with people under the influenceCensuring or saying "no"

End of Section QuizWhat is work-related violence?What factors increase the risk of violence?What features are there in a high street bank to reduce the risk from violent encounters?1- Work-related violence is any incident where a worker is abused, threatened or assaulted while working.2 - Cash handling Lone working Representing authority Wearing a uniform Dealing with people under stress Dealing with people under the influence Censuring or saying no e.g. refusing access or service

3- CCTV, security screens, locked access doors, queue management systems, options such as cash machines to reduce queue length, training, panic buttons, emergen5Group Syndicate ExerciseWhat are the main effects of alcohol and drug abuse?How would these affect the workplace?

In this activity start by mentioning that we are talking about legal and illegal drugs some legal, prescription medication can have a significant impact on performance.

Answers on following slides:

Effects on safety performance:Sensory impairmentSkewed perceptionImpaired motor controlFatigue and drowsiness

Increased risk for:DrivingOperating machineryMaking decisions

They would affect the workplace:Late attendanceIncreased absenteeismPoor work qualityReduced outputDishonestyTheftMood swingsPoor relationships

End of Section QuizWhy is the misuse of drugs and alcohol in the workplace of such concern?1- Drugs and alcohol cause sensory impairment, skewed perception, impairment to motor control and in many instances fatigue and drowsiness. There are obvious safety risks associated with drugs and alcohol, e.g. driving a vehicle or operating machinery under the influence increases the risk to the worker and to others. There are also health risks for the worker, usually associated with long-term abuse (e.g. cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse).

2- 7Group Discussion PointGive examples of signs that could be used to reduce the risk of injury to people when vehicles are present.End of Section QuizWhat types of accident are pedestrians at risk from in the workplace?What are the typical causes of slips, trips and falls on the same level in the workplace?

1- slips, trip and falls; falls from height; collisions with moving vehicles; striking by moving, flying or falling objects; striking against fixed or stationary objects.

2- Smooth floor surfaces that are: Inherently slippery (e.g. polished marble). Wet because of spills or cleaning operations. Contamination of a floor with a slippery contaminant (e.g. fat or leaves). Frost and ice (e.g. outside pavements in winter or the floor in a freezer). Uneven or loose floor surfaces (e.g. broken paving slab; poorly-laid floor mat). Trailing cables (e.g. the flex of a vacuum cleaner). Objects on the floor (e.g. a bag left on the floor). Steps and stairs9End of Section QuizGive examples of some of the main construction hazardsWhat are the main hazards associated with the use of a cement mixer?

1- Some of the main safety hazards associated with construction sites are machinery and vehicles, electricity, working at height, and excavations and site security.

2- Entanglement with rotating drum and internal bladesEntrapment by belt driveDry cement dust can be inhaledWet cement dust is corrosive and burns the skinCement mixers are powered by diesel with the resulting risk of exposure to vapours and exhaust gasesNoise and vibrationOverturning whilst in use

10Group Discussion PointSuggest the control measures for the safe use of ladders

11Answers on next slide

Sited away from live overheadsSolid, flat baseHands on stiles, never on rungsCorrect angle (1:4 rule 75o)Top of the ladder against solid supportLadder secured at the top, or:guy ropes attached or,ladder should be footed Top of the ladder should extend above working platformOnly one person on ladder at any one timeNothing should be carried while climbingWooden ladders should not be painted

Ladder ControlsSited away from live overheadsSolid, flat baseHands on stiles, never on rungsCorrect angle (1:4 rule 75o)Top of the ladder against solid supportLadder secured at the top, or:guy ropes attached or,ladder should be footed

NB talk about the graphic Note how the ladder extends well above the stepping off point and how it has been secured to the scaffold.

12Ladder ControlsTop of the ladder should extend above working platformOnly one person on ladder at any one timeNothing should be carried while climbingWooden ladders should not be painted13Individual ExerciseDraw and label an independent tied scaffold

14Group Discussion PointSuggest reasons why a scaffold may collapseAnswers on next slide15Causes of Scaffold CollapseOverloaded work platformSoft groundScaffold not tied inInsufficient bracing Standards not upright Standards bent or damagedHigh windsIncorrect couplersScaffold struck by mobile plantScaffold erected by incompetent workersScaffold not inspected prior to use16End of Section QuizWhat are the main hazards when carrying out roof work?What are the steps in the hierarchy of control when working at height?What are the main safety precautions when using ladders?What factors might cause the collapse of an independent tied scaffold?1- working on or near fragile surfaces, working on pitched roofs, deterioration of materials, unprotected edges, unstable or poorly maintained access equipment, weather conditions, falling materials2- The work at height risk prevention hierarchy: Avoid work at height. Use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls where work at height cannot be avoided. Use work equipment or other measures to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall where the risk of a fall cannot be eliminated

3- Do not site or handle near live overheads. Site on a solid, flat base so that the feet do not sink into the ground. Weight should only be supported on the styles, never on the rungs. Angle of the ladder should ideally be 75 to the horizontal or at a ratio of 1:4 distance away from the wall to height (1 out: 4 up). Top of the ladder must rest against a solid support. Ideally the ladder should be secured at the top. If this is not possible, then guy ropes should be attached and secured to firm supports. If this is not possible, ladder should be footed by someone standing on the bottom rung.

4- Factors that might cause the collapse of an independent tied scaffold: Overloaded work platform. Scaffold built on soft ground without use of adequate sole boards. Scaffold not tied adequately to building. Insufficient bracing incorporated into scaffold. Standards not upright. Standards bent, buckled or heavily corroded. High winds. Incorrect couplers used to join tubes together. Scaffold struck by mobile plant. Scaffold erected by incompetent workers. Scaffold not inspected prior to use.

17End of Section QuizWhat are the main hazards of excavation work?1- collapse, striking buried services, people falling in, objects falling in (vehicles, spoil),flooding, hazardous substances such as exhaust gases and contaminated land, collapse of adjacent structures

18