There are three types of CONDITIONALS. Each type

consists of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) which

begins with the word If, and the main clause, which

shows the result of the hypothesis.

LONDON EYE

BIG BEN

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If-clause main clause (hypothesis) (result) If you are late , you will miss the bus.

• When the if clause comes before the main clause, they are separated with a comma.• When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then they are not separated by a

comma.• e.g. If Peter has time, he will come to visit us.• Peter will come to visit us if he has time.

TYPE I CONDITIONALS EXPRESS A REAL OR VERY PROBABLE SITUATION IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE. They are formed as follows:

Houses of Parliament

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If-clause , main clause A. If + Present Simple Future Simple Present Simple Imperative can / must / may, etc +

bare infinitive

main clause (no comma) if-clause B. Future Simple If + Present Simple

• A. If you go to London, you will see the Big Ben.• A.1. If the temperature falls below 0º C, water turns into ice.• A.2. If you don’t understand, look at the example.• A.3. If you go to Paris, you can see the Eiffel Tower.

• B. Mary will be a good student if she studies hard. NEGATIVES: DON’T= DO NOT DOESN’T= DOES NOT / WILL NOT = WON’T• EXERCISES Complete with the 1st Conditional (A) and (B)• 1. If Jane ___________ (have) money, she _______________ (go)to the Algarve.• 2. If you ___________ (go) to bed late, you _______________ (be) tired in the morning.• 3. If we _____________ (not / buy) it now, we ______________ (have) to get it later.• 4. I ________________(give) you a hand if I ______________ (finish) work early.• 5. Gary _____________ (not / pay) his rent if Sheila ____________ (not/return) the money

she owes him.

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TYPE II If-clause main clause (hypothesis) (result) If you had a lot of money , you would buy a big house.

TYPE II CONDITIONALS EXPRESS AN IMAGINARYOR IMPROBABLE SITUATION WHICH IS UNLIKELY TO HAPPEN IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE. They are formed as follows:

If-clause main clause If + Past Simple Conditional

WOULD / COULD + BARE iNFINITIVE

If I had time, I would take up a sport.

I don’t have the time now, so it is unlikely that I will take up a sport.-improbable situation

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CONDITIONAL TYPE II

• WE CAN USE WERE INSTEAD OF WAS FOR ALL PERSONS.• e.g. If Peter was / were here, he would tell us what to do. (Conjuntivo em Inglês)

• We use IF I were you… when we want to give advice.• e.g. If I were you, I’d give up smoking.

• NEGATIVES: did not = didn’t / wouldn’t = would not

• EXERCISES• 1. If I _______ (see) someone robbing the bank, I ________ (call) the police.• 2. We ___________(buy) a new camera if it __________ (not/ cost) so much.• 3. He ______________ (open) the door if he __________ (have) the key.• 4. John _______________ (lend) you some money if you _____________ (ask) him.• 5. If she ___________ (not/ get) good grades, she ______________ (not/ go) to university.• 6. If I ___________ (be) you, I _____________ (study) for the exams.

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