高考阅读技巧 —猜测词义

高考阅读技巧 —猜测词义

嘉善二高 黄益萍

If you come across new words while reading,

What will you

do ?

• ( 嘉兴一模 C 篇 ) Despite the shocking numbers,the embassy remains dogged by charges that it rejects applicants unreasonably and that the process is unfairly burdonsome…

52.The underlined word “dogged”in paragraph 5 means “ ”.

A.troubled B.blamed

C.submitted D.embarrassed

( 嘉兴二模 A 篇 )Tributes poured in from around the world for a singer whose remarkable vocal power and range produced some of the most memorable music of her generation ， including her signature hit ， I Will Always Love You.

43.The underlined word“Tribute” （ paragraph 8 ） refers to the activities to show .

A.honor B.sympathy

C.amazement D.disappointment

1.The underlined word “ … ” refers to (means) . （ 2011 福建湖南等）

2. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? （ 2011 广东等）

3. By saying…,the author means…? （ 2011浙江）

4. Which of the following words can take the place of （ replace ） the word “ … ”?

常见词义猜测题型

2012 年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生能够读懂书，报，杂志，网络中关于一般性话题的短文以及公告，说明，广告等，并能从中获取相关信息，考生应能：　１、理解主旨要义；　２、理解文中具体信息；　３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；　４、作出判断和理解；　５、理解文章的基本结构；　６、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。

How to guess the meaning of words?

语境推测法(context)

语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义

1.1.生活常识生活常识(common sense)(common sense)

常用词义猜测技巧一、根据语境猜测词义

When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will see aa ripple ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.

Metal expandsexpands when heated and contractscontracts when cooled.

波纹膨胀

冷缩

小 结

Tip1:To guess with the help of your common sense.

（ 09 ，江苏） As water percolates （渗透） downward ， it dissolves organic matter ( 有机的 ) and minerals( 矿物质 ) from the soil and carries them to deeper layers （层） .

70. The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .

A. rushed away into the river B. cleaned and purified by water C. destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it

（ 09 ，福建） Fly to the great city of shanghai and in the evening sample traditional shanghai food. Visit the beautiful YU Garden, Old Town. shanghai Museum ,cross the Grest Nanpu Bridge and tour the Pudong area.

• 64. The underlined word “sample” in the passage probably means “ ”

• A. buy B. reserve C. taste D. make

语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义

2. 2. 定义描述定义描述(definition&description)(definition&description)

常用词义猜测技巧一、根据语境猜测词义

◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpentercarpenter.

◎ A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.

木匠

素食主义者

Tip2:To guess with the help of definition or detailed description

小 结

◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpentercarpenter.

◎ A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.

木匠素食主义者

Brainstorming ： 定义或释义关系常由哪些词或结构引出？

Brainstorming ： 定义或释义关系常由哪些词或结构引出？

定语从句或 is, be called ， be known as, be defined as 等词汇或破折号来表示 ；或由 that is (to say), in other words ， to put it another way

• （ 09 ，重庆） After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight , I noticed that something in my mood had changed. I was laughing. Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things.

59. What does the underlined word “anties” refer to?”

A. Smut words B. Unusual actions. C. Surprising Looks D.Anxious feelings.

• （ 11 ，四川） So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m.? What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self–confidence and energy…

43. What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?

• A. Good health B. Firm belief

• C. A strong power D. A regular half

（ 11 ，浙江） One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.

Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on he GPS ( 导航仪 ).

42.The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by______.

A.close hit B. heavy loss C. narrow escape D. big mistake

语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义

3. 3. 同义反义同义反义（（ similarity&contrastsimilarity&contrast ））

常用词义猜测技巧一、根据语境猜测词义

◎ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubbygrubby.

◎Mother was fat and tall.My aunt was an old woman, almost as plumpplump as mother, but much shorter.

污秽的

丰满的

Tip3 ：To guess according to inner contrast and similarity

小 结

引出同义关系：and 或 or ， like , similarly, as …as, the same as 等。引出转折关系：but, while, however, instead of, rather than, unlike, yet, otherwise, though ， on the contrary 等。

Bear them in your mind!Bear them in your mind!

• （ 09 ，全国 1 ） If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself.

69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. become excited B. show respect

C. refuse to talk D. seek help

（ 11 ，福建） The quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入） in then. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute （分配） what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）…

73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “____”.

A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement

语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义

4.4. 因果关系因果关系(cause&effect)(cause&effect)

常用词义猜测技巧一、根据语境猜测词义

◎ Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elasticelastic.

◎ The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

弹性的

混浊的

Tip4 ：To guess through the cause and effect relationship

小 结

引出因果关系常用关联词：

because ， as ， since ，for ， so ， thus ， as a result ， so, so … that, so, so … that, such … thatsuch … that therefore等。

Bear them in your mind!Bear them in your mind!

• （ 09 ，全国 1 ）“ Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,” says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox （疹） may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners.

66. What does the phrase “the wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. a new disease B. a clear warning C. a dangerous animal D. a morning call

（ 10 ，福建） Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban （塔利班） ,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

60.The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A.allowed B.banned C.offered D.refused

语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义

5.5. 举例归纳举例归纳（（ exampleexample ））

常用词义猜测技巧一、根据语境猜测词义

The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven etc.

On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽

家电

Tip5 ：To guess through the listed examples

小 结

• （ 09 ，福建） In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions （排放） to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting （融化） of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said.

73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to

A.freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points

How to guess the meaning of words?

构词法 (word-building)

语境推测法(context)

常用词义猜测技巧

二、根据构词法猜测词义1 、词缀法

2 、合成法

3 、转化法

1 、词缀法

2 、合成法

3 、转化法

例 1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.

impassable means______________.

例 1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.

impassable means______________.无法通过的无法通过的

例 2. Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for lovers ． Boys like to give girls flowers as presents ． On that day ， he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand ． forget-me-not means ____________.

例 2. Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for lovers ． Boys like to give girls flowers as presents ． On that day ， he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand ． forget-me-not means ____________.勿忘我勿忘我

例 3.Today it’s his turn to empty the rubbish.

empty means________.

例 3.Today it’s his turn to empty the rubbish.

empty means________.倒空倒空

1 、词缀法： impassable 无法通过的

2 、合成法： forget-me-not 勿忘我

3 、转化法： empty ( adj v) 清空

利用前缀和后缀构成新的单词

利用合成两个（或两个以上）意义不同的词组合构成新的单词

利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词

举例归纳

生活常识

构词法

因果关系

同义反义

定义解释

猜

How to guess the meaning of words?

Homework1. Go over what we’ve learned.

2. Finish additional exercises

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