depends on

depends on

Appropriate Technology

for Drinking Water Treatment

Kyoung-Woong Kim and Yunho Lee Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

Gwangju, Korea

IERI, GIST, Korea

A Lack of Clean Water & Sanitation in the Philippines

Kills 55 People Every Day

Over 30million people in the

Philippines do not have access

to improved sanitation

facilities," says Katrina Arianne

Ebora, who works on UNICEF's

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

program in the Philippines.

Tondo, Manila

Tropical Cyclone “Winston” (Feb. 2016)

Dry Desert in Mongolia

Dry River Desertification in Govi-Altai

Flooding in Bayanolgy Heavy Rain at Ulanbataar

Mekong River - Area: 790,000 km2

- Laos (25%), Thailand (23%), China (21%), Cambodia (20%), Vietnam (8%), Myanmar (3%)

- Length: 4,020 km - Population: 250,000,000

Arsenic Disaster in Groundwater

As range (ppb)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

AG

DT

KG

LA

Ulanbaataar, Mongolia

Qurekuro, Fiji Tarawa, Kiribati

Field Test of GDM at Vunidawa Hospital

in Fiji

68.5 NTU 1.50 NTU

IN OUT unit pH 6.91 7.23 EC 925 923 μS/cm2 ORP 40.7 42 mV DO 15.3 14.7 mg/L COD 13~20 10 mg/L

Parameter (CFU/1ml)

IN (raw) OUT (filtered)

Aerobic bacteria 4500 14.7

Total Coliform 203±1.1 <1

E. Coli 8.3±2.9 0

Total Coliform (MPN) >2400 5

ATP (RNU) 58.5 6.5

95.8% removal

>99.8% removal

Mataika

Causeway East Village

Bikenaeka Village

Nawerewere Village

• Quantity and Size of GDM Units for Fiji - 250 mm x 250 mm: 14 - 250 mm x 180 mm: 9

• Quantity and Size of GDM Units for Kiribati

- Pre-assembled GDM system: 1 - 250 mm x 250 mm: 4 - 250 mm x 180 mm: 1

Supply of GDM Units

<GDM units for Fiji>

<GDM units for Kiribati>

• Installation of GDM Filtration System in Fiji and Kiribati - Training for officers in the Ministry of Health - Distribute the installation manual - Local officer will install the GDM to village - Continuous technical support will be conducted by

E-mail

Installation of GDM and Training Plan

• Water Filtration Systems by Gravity-Driven Membrane

<Local Container type 1> <Pre-assembled unit> <Local Container type 2> - Original Purpose of Use: Waste Basket - Volume: 80L

- Original Purpose of Use: Waste Basket - Volume: 120L

- Manufacturer: Amogreentech in Korea - Volume: 40L

Raw Water

Coliform and E.coli Aerobic Bacteria

Parameter IN OUT

Turbidity (NTU) 1.76 1.20

Aerobic bacteria (CFU/ml) 2,570 0

Total Coliform (CFU/ml) 163 0

E. Coli (CFU/ml) 0 0

E. Coli (Most Probable Number/100 ml) 48.3 0

Filtered Water

Health Risk Category by WHO MPN Guideline : High Risk

Health Risk Category of by WHO MPN Guideline: Low Risk Turbidity Standard: 5 NTU Aerobic Bacteria: 100 CFU/ml Coliform and E.coli: 0 CFU/ml

WHO Most Probable Number Guideline - Low Risk: 0/100 ml - Intermediate Risk: 1 – 10/100 ml - High Risk: 10 – 100/ 100 ml - Very High Risk: > 100/ 100 ml

• The residents in Kiribati use rainwater for their drinking water without any treatment (disinfection) • The low-income people use contaminated well waters because they cannot afford water storage tank • The mortality rate among children under age five in Kiribati is 47 per 1,000 (probably related with

consuming contaminated water)

<Rain Water Storage Tank size: H: 1.5m, D: 2.5m> <Rain Water Storage Tank size: H: 2.5m, D: 1.5m> <Public Wells in Kiribati>

Large Scale GDM (Gravity Driven Membrane) System in Tuvalu

(Courtesy from Dr. Sunkwon Yoon at APEC Climate Center)

Tarawa in Kiribati (23 – 26 October, 2017)

Large Scale GDM at Taaken Bairiki Primary School

Large Scale GDM in Bairiki Community

E.coli and Aerobic Bacteria before Treatment

[Dilute the water 100 times]

E.coli and Aerobic Bacteria after Treatment

• Gravity driven system

• Effective against bacteria

• No maintenance

• No recurring costs

Citation per Faculty

Thank you for your attention !

Tarawa, Kiribati