ieee 802 standards and heterogeneous networks
TRANSCRIPT
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEEE 802 Standards and
Heterogeneous Networks
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
6th of April, 2010
Juan Carlos Zúñiga
Sr. Staff Engineer – InterDigital Communications, LLC
IEEE 802.21 WG Vice-Chair
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
• InterDigital’s Overview
• IEEE 802 Standards
• Network Convergence and the IEEE 802.21-2008 Media
Independent Handover (MIH) Standard
• IEEE 802.21 Sub-Groups
• MIH Demonstrator
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview
Strong wireless technology expertise
– 200+ engineers; 80% with advanced technical degrees
– Over 17,000 issued patents and patent applications
● Technology used in every cellular device
● Deep relationships in wireless ecosystem
– 60% of 3G market under license
– Software in millions of 3G devices
Financial strength and stability
– Recurring revenues: ~$300 million per year
– Highly profitable, ~ 30% margin
– Cash: $400+ million, no debt
– Market capitalization: $1 billion (NASDAQ: IDCC)
– Ranked #3 in best mid-cap stocks by Forbes (2009)
R&D, Montreal, Canada R&D, Melville, NY
Headquarters, R&D, King of Prussia, PA
All trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners
4
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Technology development ahead of the curve
When analog cellular started to gain traction, we were already working on digital wireless systems
When the world was focused on voice, our focus was data
When others looked at narrowband, we were developing wideband
Wireless Industry Pioneers
Focused on fundamental system architecture
Wireless resource management
Network robustness
Interference mitigation
5
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Yesterday: People Connecting to People
Since 1990 and continuing growth
6 B subscribers worldwide
Over 1B devices shipped yearly
Over $2.5B in patent licensing
Cellular WiFi
WiMax
Femto
Relays
6
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Today: People Connecting to Things
Cellular
WiMax
WiFi
Femto
Relays Sensors
Ambiance
Mesh
Highly complex, unorganized and disconnected
7
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sensors
Tomorrow: Network of Networks
Cellular
WiMax
WiFi
Mesh
Ambiance
Femto
Relays
Billions of subscribers, trillions of connections
Seamlessly connected and fully integrated
8
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sensors
Demand for Pervasive Wireless Services
Cellular
WiMax
WiFi
Mesh
Ambiance
Femto
Relays
Social Networks
Shopping, Banking, Secure Transactions
Healthcare
Intelligent Highways &
Vehicular Comms
Education
Smart Power Grid
Entertainment and
Gaming
New services and applications
All shapes and sizes
On any device, anywhere, at anytime
Wireless Home
All trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners
9
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pervasive Content = Bandwidth Crunch
Global Mobile Network Data Traffic
Source: ABI Research, Mobile Data Traffic Analysis 009
20,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Web/Internet
VoIP
Video Streaming/TV
P2P
Audio Streaming
Pe
tab
yte
ss
Mobile data demand is exploding due to pervasive
content, leading to a looming bandwidth gap
Source: Cisco
20 x Bandwidth
Gap
LTE offers only
~3x-5x improvement
10
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Solutions in Our Labs Today
Core innovations that support increased data
usage and a richer multimedia experience
LTE
Collaborative
Communications
Compression
Untapped
Spectrum
HSPA+
LTE-A
Local Content
Routing
Femto/WiFi
Cognitive
Spectrum
Management
Spectrum
Optimization
Bigger Pipes
Connectivity
& Mobility
More Pipes Intelligent
Data Delivery
Better Pipes
Next
Generation
Cellular
11
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Typical Scope of IEEE 802 Standards
Typical
Scope of
IEEE 802
Standards
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Some Well Known IEEE 802 Standards
• 802.3 Ethernet Working Group
• 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group (WLAN) – Certified by Wi-Fi Alliance
• 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network Working Group – Bluetooth Specification ratified as 802.15.1
• 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group (WirelessMAN) – Certified by WiMAX Forum
• 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) Working Group
Letters following the Group number refer to amendments
(e.g. 802.11a/b/g/n/etc.)
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
IEEE 802 – Open Process and Standards
• Process
– Call for Contributions
– Discuss and debate at meeting
– Create draft by 75% vote
– Working Group Ballot
– IEEE Sponsor Ballot
• Participation – Anyone can participate
Subscribe and Post to mailing lists
Examine documents
Contribute and comment on documents
Voting at meetings requires however physical presence and voting rights
Join the IEEE Sponsor Ballot Pool – Vote and comment on draft standards
– Must join IEEE Standards Association to vote
Sponsor Ballot Group must include both Producers and Users
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Network Convergence and the
IEEE 802.21 MIH Standard
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
Multi-Radio Networking Evolution
• Multiple Wireless Technologies
• All-IP Core Networks
• More Capable Devices
• Evolving Usage Models
Multi-Radio Operation is Becoming the Norm
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Genesis for 802.21
Handover
Initiation
Handover
Preparation
Handover
Execution
Search New
Link
Network Discovery
Network Selection
Setup New
Link
Layer 2 Connectivity
IP Connectivity
Transfer
Connection
Context Transfer
Packet Reception
IEEE 802.21 helps with HO Triggering, Access
Network Selection and Interface Activation
Scope of 802.21
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
802.21 Services
Event Services Link Layer Triggers
State Changes Measurements Client Initiated
Information Services Available Networks Neighbour Maps Network Services
Command Services Handover Commands
Client Initiated Network Initiated
Vertical Handovers
802.21 MIH Function
Protocol and Device Hardware
Applications
Connection
Management
WLAN Cellular
L2 Triggers
and Events
Information
Services
Mobility Management Protocols
Smart
Triggers Information
Services
Handover
Messages
Handover Management
Handover
Policy
Command
Services IEE
E 8
02
.21
IE
TF
WiMAX
802.21 Uses Multiple Services to Optimize
Vertical Handovers
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
802.21 MIH Function
802.21 MIH User
(Mobility Controller) 802.21 MIH User
(Mobility Policy)
WiFi Cellular
Other Mobility
Protocols (Mobile
IP, SIP, etc.)
802.21 MIH Function
WiMAX
MIH Messaging over the Internet
Internet
802.21 MIH
Network
Server
Event
Service
Event
Service Info
Service Command
Service
Command
Service
Info
Service
802.21 MIH
Converged
Device
IP
Header
Payload
802.21
Remote MIH data
(ES, CS, IS)
exchanged over IP
[Ref: IETF RFC5677]
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
Mobile IP &
802.21
based
WiMAX signal
strength falling
802.21 sets up
WCDMA
connection
802.21 triggers
Mobile IP to
perform handover
802.21 turns
off WiMAX
radio
IP session
resumes
Handover
Interruption
(< 0.5 sec)
Time
Connection
Manager or
OS based
WiMAX signal
strength falling
WiMAX radio
coverage lostWCDMA
connectivity setup
(Connection
Manger or OS
triggered)
Mobile IP movement
detection, or DHCP
trigger
New IP
address
acquired
IP session
resumes
Handover Interruption
(> 10 sec)
Time
Reducing Make-before-Break (MBB) Handover Interruption
• Example of WiMAX to WCDMA handover
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Inter-Technology Mobility Solutions
Solution Key Standards Handover Mode Characteristics
Unlicensed Mobile
Access (UMA)
3GPP (introduced in R6)
CS-PS
(main focus)
PS-PS (secondary)
• Specific for WLAN-3G, and VoIP
to CS handovers
• Requires extensive Radio Access
Network (RAN) and protocol stack
changes
Voice Call
Continuity (VCC)
3GPP (introduced in R7)
CS-PS
(main focus)
PS-PS (secondary)
• Solution for VoIP to CS handovers
which can be applied to many
technologies
• Generally long delays as handover
done at the IMS application level
(SIP)
L3+ Mobility
Protocol (e.g. Mobile IP, PMIP, SIP)
IETF (original Mobile IP drafts ~ 1996,
and continuous development
since then)
PS-PS • Layer three and above solution for
IP-based services
• Generally long delays as handover
done at the IP level
MIH (802.21 and RFC5677)
IEEE/IETF (finalized in 4Q-2008)
PS-PS • Link Layer solution which can be
applied to many technologies
• Enhances L3, VCC (IMS) and
other upper layer mobility solutions
to provide best performance
• No Radio Access Network
changes required
Note: CS = Circuit Switched, PS = Packet Switched
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Active 802.21 Groups
• 802.21 Working Group – This is the group that created the IEEE 802.21-2008
specification for Media Independent Handovers (MIH)
– The Working Group (WG) is the umbrella for Task Groups (TGs) and Study Groups (SGs) working on enhancements and amendments to the baseline specification
• 802.21a Security Task Group – Defining mechanisms to reduce the latency of authentication and
key establishment during handovers
– Also defining mechanisms to provide data integrity, replay protection, confidentiality and data origin authentication
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 25
Active 802.21 Groups
• 802.21b Broadcast Services Task Group – Defining new features in 802.21 to support broadcast (e.g.
downlink-only) technologies.
– Some of these technologies include Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) and Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLOTM)
• 802.21 Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Study Group – The group is studying the possibility of using the 802.21
framework to provide a media independent link layer that can be used to form, control and manage heterogeneous wireless backhauls
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
3GPP / 3GPP2 Network
MIH Function
802 Network
MIH Function
MIH Users
802 Interface
Mobile Node
802 Interface
DATA
MIH Function
3GPP/
3GPP2
Interface
MIH Users Higher Layer
Transport
MIH Users Higher Layer
Transport Higher Layer
Transport
Legend
MIH Message Transport MIH Local Interface
DATA MGMT MGMT Broadcast Network
(e.g. DVB)
MIH Function
MIH Users Higher Layer
Transport
B’cast Interface
Possible Approach for 802.21b
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Other related 802 Study Groups
• 802 Emergency Support SG
• Current intention is to make an independent specification to provide consistent support within IEEE 802 technologies for local and national emergency services
• These services include citizen to authority (e.g. 911 calls), authority to citizen (e.g. emergency alert broadcasts for weather or tsunami) and authority to authority (e.g. priority override).
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
AS
HSS
SLFI-CSCF
S-CSCF
IMS Core
Network
P-CSCF
MIH
Server
29
InterDigital’s
MIH
Middleware
Converged
Device
Access
Network 1
e.g. Cellular
AP
Operator’s
IP Network
Node B
Access
Network 3
e.g. WiFi
Access
Network 2
e.g. WiMAXBS
• IMS enables Internet services like VoIP & Instant Messaging which are gaining popularity in
wireless devices
• MIH can greatly improve IMS mobility as the user moves between different radio networks
• An MIH Server can become a new Application Server (AS) in the IMS Core Network
Seamless Connectivity for IMS Services
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
Content
Provider
Content Aggregator
Access
Network 4
e.g. DVBBroadcast
MIH
Server
30
InterDigital’s
MIH
Middleware
Converged
Device
Access
Network 1
e.g. Cellular
AP
Operator’s
IP Network
Node B
Access
Network 3
e.g. WiFi
Access
Network 2
e.g. WiMAXBS
• Mobile TV technology is currently broadcast only and not integrated with other wireless
technologies
• MIH can greatly improve Mobile TV experience by supporting handover and integration with other
wireless technologies
Seamless Connectivity for Mobile TV
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
MIH
Server
31
InterDigital’s
MIH
Middleware
Converged
Device
Access
Network 1
e.g. Cellular
AP
Operator’s
IP Network
Node B
Access
Network 3
e.g. WiFi
Access
Network 2
e.g. WiMAXBS
• Cognitive radios have to share radio spectrum with other technologies
• MIH can be used for spectrum management to improve cognitive radio co-existence
Frequency Channel 3
Frequency Channel 2
Frequency Channel 1
Spectrum
Manager
Seamless Connectivity for Cognitive Radio
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.
MIH Enabling Seamless Connectivity
– Seamless connectivity for IMS services
• IMS enables Internet services like VoIP & Instant Messaging which are gaining
popularity in wireless devices
• MIH can greatly improve IMS mobility as the user moves between different radio
networks and MIH Server can become AS in the IMS network
– Seamless connectivity for Mobile TV
• Mobile TV technology is currently broadcast only and not integrated with other
wireless technologies
• MIH can greatly improve Mobile TV experience by supporting handover and
integration with other wireless technologies
– Seamless connectivity for Cognitive Radio Co-existence
• Cognitive radios have to share radio spectrum with other technologies
• There are many parallels between mobility and spectrum management, so MIH can
be easily adapted to improve cognitive radio co-existence
32
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
Demo Overview
• Purpose – Demonstrate viability and performance of IEEE 802.21 MIH
Protocol doing a SIP handover, running on a real “off-the-shelf” mobile handset and over the live 3G and WLAN networks
• Client – Slim client code optimized for touch-screen-enabled Pocket PC /
Smartphone
– 3G (UMTS) and WiFi (802.11b/g) capabilities
– Windows Mobile OS
• Server – BT MIH Server providing Information Services, where available
networks are advertised based on the Mobile’s location
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
MIH Demo at MWC - Network Architecture
Internet
SIP
Proxy
802.21 MIH IS
AS
Correspondent
Node
802.21 MIH
Client
Pocket PC/
Smartphone
Barcelona,
Spain
NY, USA
Ipswich,
UK
2G/3G
(local operator)
WLAN
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
Handover Scenarios
• Setup – MIH Client executing bi-directional, make-before-break handover of SIP data
session between the 3G and the WLAN
– MIH Server providing Information Services (IS) for available networks based on mobile node’s location
– Data streamed from remote host or Correspondent Node (CN)
• No application enhancements such as bi-cast or data buffering are being used -> handover’s worst case
• Scenario 1 - WCDMA to WLAN – Handover performed using network availability information from BT MIH
Information Server in the UK, based on UE’s location
• Scenario 2 - WLAN to WCDMA – Handover performed using WLAN signal strength as principal criterion
© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
Goals
• Demonstrate MIH capabilities of reducing application-level interruption times from 15-20 seconds to 0-500 ms when handing over between two completely independent radio access technologies
• Demonstrate feasibility of performing handover between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies over a live network using a SIP-based application
• Demonstrate feasibility of implementing IEEE 802.21 MIH Server as an IMS Application Server operating on a live network
• Demonstrate feasibility of developing a slim handover client that can be downloaded easily onto a mobile device as an executable