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CODETITLES ABSTRACT IEEE

YEAR

PE01 A Current Controller

Design for Current SourceInverter-Fed AC Machine

Drive System

Abstract—A current source inverter (CSI)

requires a capacitor filter for the commutation of switching device as well as for attenuating

switching harmonics. Hence, the CSI-fed acmachine has a second-order system in the

continuous time domain. This paper presents adesign methodology for the closed-loop current controller of the CSI-fed ac machine drive

IEEE 2013

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system. A multiloop current controller designusing a pole/zero cancellation method isemployed with a transfer function matrix. To

decouple the crosscoupling terms which causemutual interferences between the dand q-axes

in the synchronous reference frame, two typesof controller are proposed and implemented

using different decoupling method. Additionally,active damping methods are incorporated to

enhance the stability of the system. A stabilityanalysis in discretetime domain is investigatedto verify the feasibility of the proposed closed-

loop current controller. To evaluate theeffectiveness of the proposed current controller,

computer simulations and experimental testswere performed and the results are discussed.

PE02 A DC–DC ConverterBased on the Three-State

Switching Cell for HighCurrent and VoltageStep-Down Applications

Abstract—This paper presents a pulsewidthmodulation dc–dc nonisolated buck converter

using the three-state switching cell, constitutedby two active switches, two diodes, and twocoupled inductors. Only part of the load power

is processed by the active switches, reducingthe peak current through the switches to half of

the load current, as higher power levels can thenbe achieved by the proposed topology. The

volume of reactive elements, i.e., inductors and capacitors, is also decreased since the ripple

frequency of the output voltage is twice theswitching frequency. Due to the intrinsic

characteristics of the topology, total losses aredistributed among all semiconductors. Anotheradvantage of this converter is the reduced region

for discontinuous conduction mode whencompared to the conventional buck converter

or, in other words, the operation range incontinuous conduction mode is increased, asdemonstrated by the static gain plot. The

theoretical approach is detailed through

qualitative and quantitative analyses by the

application of the three-state switching cell tothe buck converter operating in nonoverlapping

mode (D < 0.5). Besides, the mathematical

analysis and development of an experimentalprototype rated at 1 kW are carried out. The

main experimental results are presented and

IEEE 2013



adequately discussed to clearly identify itsclaimed advantages.

PE03 A High Step-DownTransformerless Single-

Stage Single-Switch

AC/DC Converter

Abstract—This paper presents a high step-down tranformerless single-stage single-switch

ac/dc converter suitable for universal line

applications (90–270 Vrms ). The topology

integrates a buck-type power-factor correction(PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and

part of the input power is coupled to the output directly after the first power processing. With

this direct power transfer feature and sharingcapacitor voltages, the converter is able to

achieve efficient power conversion, high power

factor, low voltage stress on intermediate bus

(less than 130 V) and low output voltage withouta high step-down transformer. The absence of

transformer reduces the component counts and

cost of the converter. Unlike most of the boost-

type PFC cell, the main switch of the proposedconverter only handles the peak inductor current

of dc/dc cell rather than the superposition of

both inductor currents. Detailed analysis anddesign procedures of the proposed circuit are

given and verified by experimental results.

IEEE 2013

PE04 A High Step-Up

Converter With a Voltage

Multiplier Module for a

Photovoltaic System

Abstract—Anovel high step-up converter is

proposed for a frontend photovoltaic system.

Through a voltage multiplier module, an

asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converterobtains high stepup gain without operating at an

extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier

module is composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra

conventional boost converter is integrated into

the first phase to achieve a considerably higher

voltage conversion ratio. The two-phaseconfiguration not only reduces the current stress

through each power switch, but also constrains

the input current ripple, which decreases the

conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors

(MOSFETs). In addition, the proposed

converter functions as an active clamp circuit,which alleviates large voltage spikes across the

power switches. Thus, the low-voltage-rated

IEEE 2013



MOSFETs can be adopted for reductions of

conduction losses and cost. Efficiency improvesbecause the energy stored in leakage

inductances is recycled to the output terminal.

Finally, the prototype circuit with a 40-V inputvoltage, 380-V output, and 1000- W output

power is operated to verify its performance. Thehighest efficiency is 96.8%.

PE05 A High-Performance

SPWM Controller forThree-Phase UPS Systems

Operating Under Highly

Nonlinear Loads

Abstract—This paper presents the design of a

high-performance sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) controller for threephase

uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems

that are operating under highly nonlinear loads.

The classical SPWM method is quite effectivein controlling the RMS magnitude of the UPS

output voltages. However, it is not good enough

in compensating the harmonics and thedistortion caused specifically by the nonlinear

currents drawn by the rectifier loads. Thedistortion becomes more severe at high power

where the switching frequency has to be

reduced due to the efficiency concerns. This study proposes a new design strategy that

overcomes the limitations of the classical RMS

control. It adds inner loops to the closed-loop

control system effectively that enablessuccessful reduction of harmonics and

compensation of distortion at the outputs.

Simulink is used to analyze, develop, and

design the controller using the state-space modelof the inverter. The controller is implemented in

the TMS320F2808 DSP by Texas Instruments,

and the performance is evaluatedexperimentally using a three-phase 10 kVA

transformer isolated UPS under all types of

load conditions. In conclusion, the experimental

results demonstrate that the controllersuccessfully achieves the steady-state RMS

voltage regulation specifications as well as the

total harmonic distortion and the dynamic

response requirements of major UPS standards. (Index Terms—Inverter, nonlinear

load, sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (PWM)

control, uninterruptible power supply (UPS).)

IEEE 2013

PE06 A New Control Method Abstract—In outdoor light-emitting diode IEEE 2013



of Interleaved Single-StageFlyback AC–DC

Converter for OutdoorLED Lighting Systems

(LED) lighting systems, there are a lot of

applications. Depending on the output powerrating, the power stage to drive an LED can be

classified into single-stage and two-stage

structures. The single-stage structure is for low-power LED lighting applications. However, it is

difficult to apply at over 60–70 W of output

power because of its low efficiency and huge

transformer at high power. On the other hand,the two-stage structure is usually used for high

power applications. However, it is undesirable

to cover wide output power range because of itspoor power factor (PF) under the light load

condition. To solve these problems, this paper

proposes a new pulse duty cycle control method

with pulse frequency modulation for aninterleaved single-stage flyback ac–dc converter.

The proposed converter provides high

efficiency under heavy loads with low ac line

condition and under light loads with high ac linecondition. In addition, the proposed converter

shows high PF and low total harmonic

distortion even when the output power is verylow. As a result, a single LED ac–dc converter

can cover wide power range for outdoor LEDlighting applications. To verify the validity of the

proposed converter, an 81-W prototype

converter has been implemented and

experimented on. (Index Terms—Frequency

control, interleaved flyback, lightemitting diode(LED), power factor correction (PFC), single-

stage, total harmonic distortion (THD).)

PE07 A New DC Anti-Islanding

Technique of Electrolytic

Capacitor-Less

Photovoltaic Interface inDC Distribution Systems

Abstract—This paper proposes a photovoltaic

(PV) generation system interfaced with a dc

distribution system. DC interface allows for the

improvement of system efficiency by fullyutilizing dc-based renewable sources and storage

devices. In this paper,issues on PV interface for

dc distribution systems are discussed for

energy-efficient and reliable system

implementation. AC and dc PV interfaces are

mathematically analyzed. In dc distribution,

eliminating electrolytic capacitors in PV

interfaces improves system reliability, increases

IEEE 2013



system efficiency, and reduces cost. In addition,

this paper proposes a new anti-islanding

technique for dc distribution as a system

protection scheme. The operating principle is

presented in detail and analysis shows that the

proposed injected current perturbation technique

is an effective solution for anti-islandingoperation. A prototype converter features a

simple structure with no electrolytic capacitor,

which ensures a longer lifetime of the PV

power circuit. Experimental results of the

prototype circuit show a maximum efficiency of

98.1% and a European efficiency of 97.5%.

The proposed anti-islanding technique showsfast response to the islanding condition in less

than 0.2 s. It also shows that the average

maximum power point tracking efficiency is

99.9% in normal conditions, which verifies the

performance of the proposed scheme. (Index

Terms—Anti-islanding, building integrated

photovoltaic (BIPV), dc distribution, islanding,photovoltaic (PV).)

PE08 A Single-Phase Grid-

Connected Fuel Cell

System Based on a Boost-

Inverter

Abstract—In this paper, the boost-inverter

topology is used as a building block for a

single-phase grid-connected fuel cell (FC)

system offering low cost and compactness. Inaddition, the proposed system incorporates

battery-based energy storage and a dc–dc

bidirectional converter to support the slow

dynamics of the FC. The single-phase boost

inverter is voltage-mode controlled and the dc–

dc bidirectional converter is current-mode

controlled. The low-frequency current ripple is

supplied by the battery whichminimizes theeffects of such ripple being drawn directly from

the FC itself.Moreover, this system can operateeither in a grid-connected or stand-alone mode.

In the grid-connected mode, the boost inverter

is able to control the active (P) and reactive

(Q) powers using an algorithm based on a

second-order generalized integrator which

provides a fast signal conditioning for single-phase systems. Design guidelines, simulation, and

experimental results taken from a laboratory

prototype are presented to confirm the

IEEE 2013



performance of the proposed system. (Index

Terms—Boost inverter, fuel cell, grid-connected

inverter, power conditioning system (PCS), PQ

control.)

PE09 A Three-Level Converter

With Reduced Filter Size

Using Two Transformers

and Flying Capacitors

Abstract—This paper proposes a pulse-width

modulation threelevel converter with reduced

filter size using two transformers. The proposed

converter hasmany advantages. All switches

sustain only the half of the input voltage and since

the secondary rectified voltage is a three-level

waveform, the output filter inductor can bereduced. Also, because of the power sharing of

transformer and reduced output inductor, high

efficiency can be obtained. The operational

principle, analysis, and design considerations of

the proposed converter are presented in this

paper. The validity of this study is confirmed by

the experimental results from a prototype with

600W, 500–600V input, and 60V output. (Index Terms—Reduced filter size,

three-level converter.)

IEEE 2013

PE10 Adaptive Dead-TimeCompensation for Grid-

Connected PWM Inverters

of Single-Stage PV

Systems

Abstract—This study presents a new software-based plug-in dead-time compensator for grid-

connected pulsewidth modulated voltage-source

inverters of single-stage photovoltaic (PV)

systems using predictive current controllers

(PCCs) to regulate phase currents. First, a

nonlinear dead-time disturbance model is

reviewed, which is then used for the generation

of a feed-forward compensation signal thateliminates the current distortion associated with

current clamping effects around zero-current

crossing points. A novel closed-loop adaptive

adjustment scheme is proposed for fine tuning in

real time the compensation model parameters,

thereby ensuring accurate results even under

the highly varying operating conditions typicallyfound in PV systems due to insolation,

temperature, and shadowing effects, among

others. The algorithm implementation is

straightforward and computationally efficient,

and can be easily attached to an existent PCC to

enhance its dead-time rejectioncapabilitywithout modifying its internal structure.

Experimental results with a 5-kW PV system

IEEE 2013



prototype are presented. (Index Terms—

Current-controlled voltage-source inverter

(CCVSI), dead-time compensation, grid-

connected pulsewidth modulated (PWM)

inverter, harmonic distortion, predictive current

control (PCC), single-stage photovoltaic (PV)

system.)

PE11 Adaptive Theory-Based

Improved Linear Sinusoidal

Tracer Control Algorithm

for DSTATCOM

Abstract—This paper presents a hardware

implementation of three-phase distribution static

compensator (DSTATCOM) using an adaptive

theory-based improved linear sinusoidal tracer(ILST) control algorithm for different functions of

DSTATCOM such as reactive power

compensation for power factor correction,

harmonics elimination, load balancing, and zero-

voltage regulation under linear/nonlinear

loads.AnILST-based control algorithm is used

for the extraction of fundamental load currents

and their active and reactive power components. These components are used for the

estimation of reference source currents. A

prototype of DSTATCOM is developed and its

real-time performance is studied using a digital

signal processor. The performance of

DSTATCOM is found satisfactory with the

proposed control algorithm under various typesof loads. (Index Terms—Improved linear

sinusoidal tracer (ILST) control algorithm,

power factor correction (PFC), power quality,

reactive power, voltage source converter

(VSC), zero voltage regulation (ZVR).)

IEEE 2013

PE12 Adaptive Voltage Control

of the DC/DC Boost Stage

in PV Converters With

Small Input Capacitor

Abstract—In the case of photovoltaic (PV)

systems, an adequate PV voltage regulation is

fundamental in order to both maximize and limit

the power. For this purpose, a large input

capacitor has traditionally been used. However,

when reducing that capacitor’s size, thenonlinearities of the PV array make the

performance of the voltage regulation become

highly dependent on the operating point. This

paper analyzes the nonlinear characteristics of

the PV generator and clearly states their effect

on the control of the dc/dc boost stage of

commercial converters by means of alinearization around the operating point. Then, it

IEEE 2013



proposes an adaptive control, which enables the

use of a small input capacitor preserving at the

same time the performance of the original

system with a large capacitor. Experimental

results are carried out for a commercial

converter with a 40 μF input capacitor, and a 4kWPV array. The results corroborate thetheoretical analysis; they evidence the problems of the traditional control, and validate the

proposed control with such a small

capacitor. (Index Terms—Adaptive control,

photovoltaic converters, photovoltaic power

systems, small-signal modeling, voltage

control.)

PE13 An Adaptive Output

Current Estimation Circuit

for a Primary-Side

Controlled LED Driver

Abstract—A primary-side controlled method is

commonly used in flyback LED driver to

regulate output current by employing an auxiliary

winding. However, owing to intrinsic

propagation delay in real-world circuits, aprimary-side controlled flyback converter

experiences a worse line regulation. This paper

proposes a smart output current estimation

scheme to improve line regulation for constant

on-time control, and it can be compatible with

the current flyback topology. A 9.5-W

prototype of the proposed flyback LED driverhas been fabricated in Nuvoton Technology

Corporation 0.6-μm 5-V/40-V CMOS

process. The maximum switching frequency is

set to around 100 kHz with universal-line input,

single-stage power factor correction for LED

lighting applications. Experimental results prove

that the proposed scheme can improve the line regulation within 1.5% and the power efficiency

can be up to 89.7%. (Index Terms—Flyback

converter, light-emitting diode (LED) driver, line

regulation, primary-side controlled.)

IEEE 2013

PE14 An Optimal Control

Method for Photovoltaic

Grid-Tied-Interleaved

Flyback Microinverters to

Achieve High Efficiency in

Wide Load Range

Abstract—Boundary conduction mode (BCM)

and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM)

control strategies are widely used for the

flyback microinverter. The BCM and DCM

control strategies are investigated for the

interleaved flyback microinverter concentrating

on the loss analysis under different loadconditions. These two control strategies have

IEEE 2013



different impact on the loss distribution and thus

the efficiency of the flyback microinverter. For

the interleaved flyback microinverter, the

dominant losses with heavy load include the

conduction loss of the powerMOSFETs and

diodes, and the loss of the transformer; while the dominant losses with light load include the

gate driving loss, the turn-off loss of the power

MOSFETs and the transformer core loss. Based

on the loss analysis, a new hybrid control

strategy combing the two-phase DCM and

one-phaseDCMcontrol is proposed to improve

the efficiency in wide load range by reducing

the dominant losses depending on the loadcurrent. The optimal design method based on

the boundary condition of the hybrid control is also presented. The experimental results verify

the benefits of the proposed control. (Index

Terms—AC module, grid-connected,

interleaved flyback, microinverter, photovoltaic

(PV).)

PE15 Analysis and Comparison

of Medium Voltage High

Power DC/DC Converters

for Offshore Wind Energy

Systems

Abstract—Offshore wind farm with an internal

medium-voltage dc (MVDC)-grid collection

connected HVDC transmission may be an

option to harvest offshore wind energy. High-

power MV dc/dc converters with high-step-upconversion ratios are the key components for

the internal MVDC grid. In this paper, a

highefficiency step-up resonant switched-

capacitor converter for offshore wind energy

system is studied, which is characterized by the

soft-switching condition for all switches and

diodes. This significantly reduces switchinglosses and higher switching frequency is feasible

to reduce the overall system volume and

weight. The comparisons with other two kinds of

topologies are also presented; moreover, the

possible specification requirements of high

power MV dc/dc converters are analyzed and

set. The operation principle of the proposedconverter has been successfully verified by

simulation and experiment results. (Index

Terms—High power, medium-voltage dc

(MVDC) converter, MVDC grid, offshore

wind farm.)

IEEE 2013



PE16 Analysis and Design of aPush–Pull Quasi-Resonant

Boost Power Factor

Corrector

Abstract—This paper proposes a novel

power-factor corrector (PFC), which is mainly

composed of two-phase transition-mode (TM)

boost-type power-factor correctors (PFCs)

and a coupled inductor. By integrating two boost

inductors into one magnetic core, not only thecircuit volume is reduced, but also the operating

frequency of the core is double of the switching

frequency. Comparing with single-phase TMboost PFC, both the input and output currentripples of the proposed PFC can be reduced if

the equivalent inductance of the coupled inductor equals the inductance of singlephase

TM boost PFC. Therefore, both the power-factor value and the power density are

increased. The proposed topology is capableof sharing the input current and output currentequally. A cut-inhalf duty cycle can reduce the

conduction losses of the switches and both theturns and diameters of the inductor windings.

The advantages of aTMboost PFC, such asquasi-resonant (QR) valley switching on the

switch and zero-current switching (ZCS) of theoutput diode, are maintained to improve theoverall conversion efficiency. Detailed analysisand design procedures of the proposedtopology are given. Simulations and experiments

are conducted on a prototype with a universalline voltage, a 380-V output dc voltage and a

200-W output power to verify itsfeasibility. (Index Terms—Coupled inductor,

power factor corrector, push– pull topology, quasi-resonant (QR) converter.)

IEEE 2013

PE17 Analysis of a Fifth-OrderResonant Converter forHigh-Voltage DC Power

Supplies

Abstract—Power transformer is one of themost complex parts of power converters. The complicated behavior of the transformer is

usually neglected in the power converteranalysis and a simple model is mostly used to

analyze the converter. This paper presents aprecise analysis of a fifth-order resonant

converter which has incorporated the resonantcircuit into the transformer. The derived model,which is based on the accurate model of the

power transformer, can fully predict thebehavior of the fifth-order resonant converter.

IEEE 2013



The proposed fifth-order resonant converter isable to effectively reduce the range of phase-shift angle fromno load to full load for a fixed-

frequency phase-shift control approach.Therefore, the converter is able to operate

under zero voltage switching during entire loadrange with a fixed-frequency control method.

Also, the proposed converter offers a high gainwhich leads to a lower transformer turns ratio. A

10-kVDC, 1.1-kW prototype has beenprepared to evaluate the performance of theproposed converter. The experimental results

exhibit the excellent accuracy of the proposedmodel and the superiority of the performance

compared to the lower order resonantconverters, especially for high-voltage

applications. (Index Terms—Fifth-orderresonant converter, high-voltage dc powersupply, phase-shift fixed-frequency control

approach, steady state analysis, zero voltageswitching (ZVS) operation.)

PE18 Analysis, Design, andExperimental Results of a

Novel Soft-SwitchingSnubberless Current-Fed

Half-Bridge Front-EndConverter-Based PV

Inverter

Abstract—This paper proposes a new novelsnubberless currentfed half-bridge front-end

isolated dc/dc converter-based inverter forphotovoltaic applications. It is suitable for grid-

tied (utility interface) as well as off-grid(standalone) application based on the mode of

control. The proposed converter attains clamping of the device voltage by secondarymodulation, thus eliminating the need of

snubber or active-clamp. Zero-current switchingor natural commutation of primary devices and

zero-voltage switching of secondary devices isachieved. Soft-switching is inherent owing to the

proposed secondary modulation and ismaintained during wide variation in voltage and power transfer capacity and thus is suitable forphotovoltaic (PV) applications. Primary devicevoltage is clamped at reflected output voltage,

and secondary device voltage is clamped atoutput voltage. Steady-state operation and

analysis, and design procedure are presented.Simulation results using PSIM 9.0 are given to

verify the proposed analysis and design. Anexperimental converter prototype rated at 200

IEEE 2013



W has been designed, built, and tested in the

laboratory to verify and demonstrate theconverter performance over wide variations ininput voltage and output power for PV

applications. The proposed converter is a trueisolated boost converter and has higher voltage

conversion (boost) ratio compared to theconventional active-clamped converter. (Index

Terms—Current-fed converter, high frequency,photovoltaic (PV) inverter, renewable energy

system, soft-switching.)

PE19 Application and Stability

Analysis of a Novel DigitalActive EMI Filter Used in a Grid-Tied PV

Microinverter Module

Abstract—This paper presents a novel

technique to suppress common-modeelectromagnetic interference (EMI) using adigital active EMI filter (DAEF). The DAEF

control technique is concurrently implementedwith a digital controller of a grid-tied

photovoltaic microinverter. A brief description ofthe microinverter architecture and its inverter

circuit is illustrated. The inverter stability isinvestigated using the overall transfer function.

Accordingly, the system compensation isdesigned based on the direct quadrant (DQ)reference frame control technique. Finally, the

proposed digital controller is tested on a grid-connected 200-W dc–ac microinverter. The

experiment results validate the effectiveness ofthe proposed technique. Compared with the

conventional passive EMIfilter, the proposeddigital controller can achieve an equivalent orbetter performance in terms of EMI suppression

and maintain stability within the operationbandwidth. Therefore, the embedded DAEF

can significantly reduce the size, cost, and spaceof the overall power inverter printed circuit

board without the need of a conventional passiveEMI filter. (Index Terms—Digital filters,electromagnetic compatibility (EMC),

electromagnetic interference (EMI)suppression, microinverter, photovoltaic (PV).)

IEEE 2013

PE20 Asymmetric Control ofDC-Link Voltages for

Separate MPPTs in Three-Level Inverters

Abstract—It is important to improve the overallefficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) inverter when

it is connected to the grid. Fundamentally, theconversion efficiency from dc to ac power of

an inverter is important. However, in the

IEEE 2013



presence of partial shading, maximum powerpoint tracking (MPPT) on PV modules is more

important than the conversion efficiency. In thispaper, a new control method for a three-levelinverter is proposed.With the proposed

method, each dc-link voltage of the three-levelinverter can be asymmetrically regulated. When

PV modules are split into two and each split module is connected to the respective dc-link

capacitors of the inverter, the asymmetriccontrol can be helpful because separateMPPTsare possible. The effectiveness of the proposed

method was examined through experiments witha T-type three-level inverter, where each dc-

link capacitor was supplied by a PVsimulatoremulating two separate PVmodules under

different shading conditions. (Index Terms—Asymmetric voltage control, grid-connectedinverter, maximum power point tracking

(MPPT), photovoltaic (PV), three-levelinverter.)

PE21 Battery/Supercapacitors Combination in

Uninterruptible PowerSupply (UPS)

Abstract—This study presents a study of thereduction in battery stresses by using

supercapacitors (SCs) in a 500-kVA ratedUPS. We aim at investigating the optimal

supercapacitors-battery combination versus theSCs cost. This investigation is threefold; first,

supercapacitors and battery models developedusing MATLAB/Simulink are presented andvalidated. Second, the architecture and the

simulation of the designed system that combinesthe SCs and the battery are shown. The

supercapacitors are used as high-power storage devices to smooth the peak power applied to

the battery during backup time and to deliverfull power during short grid outages. By chargingthe SCs through the battery at a suitable rate,

all impulse power demands would be satisfiedby the supercapacitors. Third, extensive

simulations are carried out to determine the gainin batteryRMS current, the gain in energy losses,

the energy efficiency and the elimination rate ofsurge load power. These four performanceparameters are determined by simulation and

then analyzed. The influence of the SCs

IEEE 2013



recharge on the performance indicators is

highlighted. A thorough analysis involving optimalstudy proposes to draw the optimal SCsnumber and filter constant from the variation of

the aforementioned parameters versus the costof the SCs. (Index Terms—Hybrid power

sources, lead-acid battery, supercapacitors,uninterruptible power supply (UPS).)

PE22 Bridgeless SEPIC

Converter With a Ripple-Free Input Current

Abstract—Conventional power factor

correction (PFC) singleended primary inductorconverter (SEPIC) suffers from high

conduction loss at the input bridge diode. Tosolve this problem, a bridgeless SEPICconverter with ripple-free input current is

proposed. In the proposed converter, the inputbridge diode is removed and the conduction

loss is reduced. In addition, the input currentripple is significantly reduced by utilizing an

additional winding of the input inductor and anauxiliary capacitor. Similar to the conventional

PFC SEPIC converter, the input current in aswitching period is proportional to the inputvoltage and near unity power is achieved. The

operational principles, steady-state analysis,and design equations of the proposed converter

are described in detail. Experimental resultsfrom a 130Wprototype at a constant switching

frequency of 100 kHz are presented to verify theperformance of the proposed converter. (Index Terms—Bridgeless converter, coupled

inductor, power factor correction (PFC), single-ended primary inductor converter

(SEPIC).)

IEEE 2013

PE23 Cascaded Multicell Trans-Z-Source Inverters

Abstract—Inverters with high-output voltagegain usually face the problem of high-inputcurrent flowing through their components. The

problem might further be exaggerated if theinverters use high-frequency magnetic devices

like transformers or coupled inductors.Leakage inductances of these devices must

strictly be small to prevent overvoltages causedby switching of their winding currents. To avoidthese related problems, cascaded trans-Z-

source inverters are proposed. They usemultiple magnetic cells in an alternately cascading

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pattern rather than a single magnetic cell withlarge turns ratio. Simulation and experimentalresults have shown that the multicell inverters can

produce the same high-voltage gain, whilekeeping currents and voltages of the

components low. The inverters can also stepdown their output voltages like a traditional

voltage-source inverter without compromisingwaveform quality. (Index Terms—Cascadedinverters, coupled inductors, highfrequencymagnetic, transformers, Z-source inverters.)

PE24 Class-D/DE Dual-Mode-Operation Resonant

Converter for Improved-Efficiency Domestic Induction Heating System

Abstract—Induction heating (IH) technology isnowadays widely present in domestic appliances

because of its cleanness, high efficiency, andfaster heating process. All of these advantagesare due to its heating process, where the pot is

directly heated by the induced currentsgeneratedwith a varyingmagnetic field.As a result, the glass where the pot is supported is notdirectly heated and, consequently, efficiency

and heating times are improved. IH systems arebased on dc-link inverters to generate therequired alternating current to feed the inductor.

Usually, resonant converters are used to achievehigher efficiencies and power densities. In such

systems, themaximum output power andefficiency are achieved at the resonant

frequency, and the switching frequency isincreased to reduce the output power. As a

consequence, in these converters, the efficiencyis also reduced in the low-medium output power range. This paper proposes the use of the half-

bridge inverter in two operating modes toachieve higher efficiency in a wide output power

range. The power converter topology can bereconfigured by changing the resonant

capacitors through electromechanical relays. Asa consequence, the entire efficiency of thecooking process is improved with a cost-

effective procedure.(Index Terms—Inductionheating (IH), inverter, resonant power

conversion.)

IEEE 2013

PE25 Common-Mode VoltageReduction Methods forCurrent-Source Converters

Abstract—Common-mode voltages (CMVs)can lead to premature failure of the motorinsulation system in medium-voltage current-

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in Medium-Voltage Drivessource-fed drives. By analyzing the CMV values

at all switching states under different operatingconditions of a currentsource-inverter (CSI)-based motor drive, this paper first indicates that

the CMV peaks are produced by the zero statesin most of the cases. The nonzero-state (NZS)

modulation techniques employed in voltage-source converters are adapted for use in a

spacevector- modulated current-source converter (CSC) to reduce the CMV magnitude.For NZS modulation in CSCs, the nearest

threestate (NTS) modulation sequences aredesigned with good loworder harmonic

performances in their linear modulation region ofma ≥ 0.67 and with no increase in the device

switching frequency. A combined active-zero-state (AZS) modulation technique is alsoproposed as compensation, for a lower

modulation index in the range of 0.4–0.67, whena compromise is made between the dc-link

current minimization and high input power factorcontrol. The simulation and experimental results

are provided to validate the CMV reductioneffects and harmonic performances of the NTSand combined AZS modulation methods inCSI-fed drives. (Index Terms—Active-zero-state (AZS) modulation, commonmode voltage

(CMV), current-source converter (CSC),nearest three-state (NTS) modulation,

nonzero-state (NZS) modulation.)

PE26 Control of Improved Full-Bridge Three-Level

DC/DC Converter forWind Turbines in a DC

Grid

Abstract—This paper presents an improvedfull-bridge threelevel (IFBTL) dc/dc converter

for a wind turbine in a dc grid by inserting apassive filter into the dc/dc converter to

improve the performance of the converter. Thepassive filter can effectively reduce the voltagestress of the medium frequency transformer in

the IFBTL dc/dc converter. A modulationstrategy, including two operation modes, is

proposed for the IFBTL dc/dc converter. Then,a voltage balancing control strategy is proposed

for the IFBTL dc/dc converter. Furthermore, the control of thewind turbine based on the IFBTLdc/dc converter in a dc-grid system is

presented. Finally, a small-scale IFBTL dc/dc

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converter prototype was built and tested in thelaboratory, and the results verify the theoreticalanalysis. (Index Terms—DC/DC converter, dc

grid, full-bridge three-level (FBTL), permanentmagnet synchronous generator, windturbines.)

PE27 DC-Voltage Fluctuation

Elimination Through a DC-Capacitor Current Control

for DFIG ConvertersUnder Unbalanced Grid

Voltage Conditions

Abstract—Unbalanced grid voltage causes a

large second-order harmonic current in the dc-link capacitors as well as dc-voltage fluctuation,

which potentially will degrade the lifespan andreliability of the capacitors in voltage source

converters. This paper proposes a novel dc-capacitor current control method for a grid-side

converter (GSC) to eliminate the negative impactof unbalanced grid voltage on the dc-capacitors. In this method, a dccapacitor current

control loop,where a negative-sequenceresonant controller is used to increase the loop

gain, is added to the conventional GSC currentcontrol loop. The rejection capability to the

unbalanced grid voltage and the stability of the proposed control system are discussed. Thesecond-order harmonic current in the dc

capacitor as well as dc-voltage fluctuation is verywell eliminated. Hence, the dc capacitors will

be more reliable under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. A modular implementation method of

the proposed control strategy is developed forthe DFIG controller. Finally, experiments arepresented to validate the theoretical

analysis. (Index Terms—Control analysis, dc-capacitor current, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), resonant controller, unbalanced grid

voltage.)

IEEE 2013

PE28 Design and

Implementation of EnergyManagement System With

Fuzzy Control for DC Microgrid Systems

Abstract—This paper presents the design and

implementation of an energy management system (EMS) with fuzzy control for a dc microgrid

system.Modeling, analysis, and control ofdistributed power sources and energy storage

devices withMATLAB/Simulink are proposed,and the integrated monitoring EMS is

implemented with LabVIEW. To improve the lifecycle of the battery, fuzzy control manages thedesired state of charge. The RS-485/ZigBee

network has been designed to control the

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operating mode and to monitor the values of all subsystems in the dc microgrid system. (Index

Terms—Energy management system (EMS),

fuzzy control, microgrid.)

PE29 Design Methodology for a

Very High FrequencyResonant Boost Converter

Abstract—This paper introduces a

designmethodology for a resonant boostconverter topology that is suitable for operation

at very high frequencies. The topology we examine features a low parts count and fasttransient response, but suffers from higher

device stresses compared to other topologiesthat use a larger number of passive

components.Anumerical design procedure isdeveloped for this topology that does not rely

on time-domain simulation sweeps across parameters. This allows the optimal converterdesign to be found for a particular main

semiconductor switch. If an integrated powerprocess is used where the designer has control

over layout of the semiconductor switch, the optimal combination of converter design and

semiconductor layout can be found. To validatethe proposed converter topology and designapproach, a 75-MHz prototype converter is

designed and experimentally demonstrated. The performance of the prototype closely matches

that predicted by the design procedure, and theconverter achieves good efficiency over a wide

input voltage range. (Index Terms—DC-DCpower converters, power transistors, RLCcircuits, schottky diodes, tuned circutis.)

IEEE 2013

PE30 Design Optimization of

Transformerless Grid-Connected PV InvertersIncluding Reliability

Abstract—This paper presents a new

methodology for optimal design oftransformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverterstargeting a cost-effective deployment of grid-

connected PV systems. The optimal switchingfrequency as well as the optimal values and

types of the PV inverter components iscalculated such that the PV inverter LCOE

generated during the PV system lifetime period isminimized. The LCOE is also calculatedconsidering the failure rates of the components,which affect the reliability performance andlifetime maintenance cost of the PV inverter. A

design example is presented, demonstrating that

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compared to the nonoptimized PV inverterstructures, the PV inverters designed using the proposed optimization methodology exhibit

lower total manufacturing and lifetimemaintenance cost and inject more energy into the

electricgrid and by that minimizingLCOE. (Index Terms—DC–AC power

conversion, failure analysis, optimizationmethods, photovoltaic (PV) power systems,

reliability.)

PE31 Design, Analysis, and

Implementation of SolarPower Optimizer for DCDistribution System

Abstract—This paper proposes a high step-up

solar power optimizer (SPO) that efficiently harvests maximum energy from a photovoltaic(PV) panel then outputs energy to a dc-

microgrid. Its structure integrates coupledinductor and switched capacitor technologies to

realize high step-up voltage gain. The leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor can

be recycled to reduce voltage stress and powerlosses. A low voltage rating and low-conduction

resistance switch improves system efficiency byemploying the incremental conductance methodfor the maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

algorithm. Because of its high trackingaccuracy, the method is widely used in the

energy harvesting of PV systems. laboratoryprototypes of the proposed SPO that have an

input voltage range of 20 to 40 V and amaximum PV output power of 400 V/300 Ware applied. The highest PV power conversion

efficiency is 96.7%. The maximum MPPTaccuracy is 99.9%, and the full load average

MPPT accuracy is 97.8%. (Index Terms—High step-up voltage gain, maximu tracking

(MPPT), solar power optimizer (SPO).)

IEEE 2013

PE32 Development and

Operational Control ofTwo-String Maximum

Power Point Trackers inDC Distribution Systems

Abstract—This paper develops the operational

control of two maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) for two-string photovoltaic (PV)

panels in dc distribution systems. This dcdistribution system is connected to ac grid via abidirectional inverter. Two PV strings and two

MPPTs are implemented in this system. The proposed MPPT topology consists of buck and

boost converters to deal with wide outputvoltage range of PV panels. To accurately

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determine the input current of MPPTs, the PV-string configuration check is accomplished

online. The perturbation and observationmethod are applied for maximum power point tracking. Moreover, the current balancing of twoMPPT modules in parallel is achieved. In this

paper, the system configuration and theoperational principle of the proposed MPPT

are first introduced. Afterward, the perturbationand observation method and the mode transitionare demonstrated. Flowcharts of the online

PV-string configuration check and currentbalancing are explained. The validity of

configuration check and current balancing is verified via the experimental results. Maximum

power tracking performance and powerconversion efficiency are also obtained. (Index Terms—Current balancing, dc distribution

system, maximum power point tracking,photovoltaic (PV), solar power.)

PE33 Digital Plug-In RepetitiveController for Single-Phase

Bridgeless PFC Converters

Abstract—This paper investigates a plug-inrepetitive control scheme for bridgeless power

factor correction (PFC) converters to mitigateinput current distortions under continuousconduction mode and discontinuous conduction

mode operating conditions. From the PFCconverter model and the fact that a type-II

compensator is used, a design methodology tomaximize the bandwidth of the feedback

controller is suggested. After that, the errortransfer function including the feedbackcontroller is derived, and the stability of the

repetitive control scheme is evaluated using theerror transfer function. The implementation of

the digital repetitive controller is also discussed.The simulation and experimental results show

that the input current THD is significantlyimproved by using the proposed control scheme

for a 1-kW single-phase bridgeless PFCconverter prototype. (Index Terms—AC–DCconverters, bridgeless power factor correction

(PFC) converter, digital average currentcontrol, repetitive control.)

IEEE 2013

PE34 Dual TransformerlessSingle-Stage Current

Abstract—Alternative energy sources have forsome time attracted great interest in the area of

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Source Inverter WithEnergy Management Control Strategy

static converter development. This fact is relatedin greater part to issues such as sustainabilityand detrimental effects on the natural

environment, which all contribute to the viabilityof this type of energy source. In this context,

power electronics performs important tasksmaking viable the connection of all these kind

of clean power sources to the conventional grid and also to the load. From this perspective, anew challenge must be faced which is the

development of energy management systemscapable of providing intelligent planning and

control of appliances in low- and high-power applications. That being so, this paper intends tocontribute presenting a novel dual

transformerless single-stage current sourceinverter fed by a proton exchange membranefuel cell (PEMFC) and a photovoltaic (PV)array. High voltage gain and totally controlledoutput voltage can be achieved without using

dedicated step-up dc–dc converters ortransformers either. The main feature of thisinverter structure is the intelligent powermanagement technique which focuses on theextraction of maximum power from the PV array

keeping the PEMFC as an energy storagesystem. Theoretical analysis is presented andcorroborated by experimental results of a400Wlaboratory prototype. (IndexTerms—

Buck–boost, current source inverter (CSI),energy management, fuel cell (FC), inverters, photovoltaic (PV), singlestage, transformerless.)

PE35 Electric Equivalent Modelfor Induction ElectrodelessFluorescent Lamps

Abstract—This paper presents an electricequivalent model applied to induction electrodeless fluorescent lamps. The model is

based on passive components and takes intoaccount the real and reactive lamp power. Thepresented model and its obtention methodologywill be an important tool for ballast designers.

One of the most important features of theproposed methodology is the concern regarding core losses and lamp reactivecharacteristics, because nowadays there are noelectricmodels including these characteristics. In

order to obtain and validate the electrodeless

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lamp model, a series–parallel resonant half-bridge inverter is used as ballast. Plasma andlamp windings are modeled as resistances and

reactances depending on the lamp power.Simulations employing the proposed model arealso presented, showing an excellent agreementwith experimental results. (Index Terms—

Electrodeless fluorescent lamps, equivalentmodel, high frequency.)

PE36 Enhanced Control of aDFIG-Based Wind-Power

Generation System WithSeries Grid-Side Converter UnderUnbalanced Grid VoltageConditions

Abstract—This paper presents an enhancedcontrol method for a doubly fed induction

generator (DFIG)-based wind-power generationsystem with series grid-side converter (SGSC)under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Thebehaviors of the DFIG system with SGSCduring network unbalance are described. By

injecting a series control voltage generated fromthe SGSC to balance the stator voltage, theadverse effects of voltage unbalance upon theDFIG, such as stator and rotor currentunbalances, electromagnetic torque, and power

pulsations, can be removed, and then theconventional vector control strategy for therotor-side converter remains in full force underunbalanced conditions. Meanwhile, three

control targets for the parallel grid-side converter (PGSC) are identified, includingeliminating the oscillations in the total activepower or reactive power, or eliminatingnegative-sequence current injected to the grid.

Furthermore, a precise current reference generation strategy for the PGSC has beenproposed for the PGSC to further improve theoperation performance of the whole system.

Finally, the proposed coordinated controlstrategy for the DFIG system with SGSC hasbeen validated by the simulation results of a 2-MW-DFIG-based wind turbine with SGSC and experimental results on a laboratory-scale

experimental rig under small steady-state gridvoltage unbalance. (Index Terms—Doubly fedinduction generator (DFIG), enhanced control,grid voltage unbalance, series grid-side

converter (SGSC), wind-power generation.)

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PE37 Generalized MulticellSwitched-Inductor andSwitched-Capacitor Z-Source Inverters

Abstract—Traditional voltage-source inverteris limited by its only voltage step-downoperation, while current-source inverter islimited by its only current step-down mode. In

order to add an extra boosting flexibility whilekeeping the number of active semiconductorsunchanged, voltage-type and current-type Z-source inverters were earlier proposed. Thesenew classes of inverters are generally more

robust and less sensitive to electromagneticnoises. However, their boosting capabilities aresomehow compromised by high componentstresses and poorer spectral performances

caused by low modulation ratios. Their boosting gains are, therefore, limited in practice. Toovercome these shortcomings, the generalizedswitched-inductor and switched-capacitor Z-source inverters are proposed,whose extra

boosting abilities and other advantages havealready been verified in simulation andexperiment. (Index Terms—Cascadedinverters, multicell inverters, switchedcapacitor

(SC), switched-inductor (SL), Z-sourceinverters.)

IEEE 2013

PE38 Grid Interfacing ofMultimegawatt Photovoltaic

Inverters

Abstract—This paper investigates the suitabilityof selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for

low-loss multimegawatt gridconnectedphotovoltaic (PV) inverters. The proposedsystem is able to meet utilities regulations, IEEEand IEC standards. In an attempt tosubstantiate the potential superiority of SHE

over carrier-based or space-vector pulsewidthmodulation (PWM), this paper demonstratesthat SHE may allow grid-connected PV invertersto be controlled using a switching frequency of

less than 1 kHz, while the inverter is still able toprovide necessary operation features such asindependent control of active and reactivepowers and operation control simplicity. Forsystem validation, experimental results with

SHE are compared to the case when the inverter is controlled using third-harmonicinjection PWM, with a 2-kHz switchingfrequency. Furthermore, the paper proposes anew implementation technique for SHE that

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utilizes the third harmonics to spread theswitching angles over 90◦ instead of beinglocated in a narrow range as generated whenusing conventional techniques, along with increases in modulation index. The advantages of

the proposed technique include simplicity inimplementation and flexibility in PWMwaveforms. Simulation and experimentationdemonstrate agreement, which validates the practicability of the proposed system. (Index

Terms—Grid-connected photovoltaic inverters,highpower medium-voltage inverters,pulsewidth modulations (PWMs), switching

losses.)

PE39 High Boost Ratio HybridTransformer DC–DCConverter for Photovoltaic

Module Applications

Abstract—This paper presents a nonisolated,high boost ratio hybrid transformer dc–dc converter with applications for low-voltage

renewable energy sources. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid transformer to transferthe inductive and capacitive energysimultaneously, achieving a high boost ratio witha smaller sized magnetic component. As a

result of incorporating the resonant operation mode into the traditional high boost ratiopulsewidth modulation converter, the turn-offloss of the switch is reduced, increasing theefficiency of the converter under all load

conditions. The input current ripple andconduction losses are also reduced because ofthe hybrid linear-sinusoidal input current waveforms. The voltage stresses on the active

switch and diodes are maintained at a low leveland are independent of the changing inputvoltage over a wide range as a result of theresonant capacitor transferring energy to theoutput of the converter. The effectiveness of the

proposed converter was experimentally verifiedusing a 220-W prototype circuit. Utilizing an input voltage ranging from 20 to 45V and a loadrange of 30–220W, the experimental results

show system of efficiencies greater than 96%with a peak efficiency of 97.4% at 35-V input,160-W output. Due to the high system efficiency and the ability to operate with a widevariable input voltage, the proposed converter

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is an attractive design for alternative low dcvoltage energy sources, such as solar

photovoltaic modules and fuel cells. (Index Terms—California energy commission (CEC)efficiency, energy sources with low dc voltage,European union (EU) efficiency, high boost ratio

dc–dc, high efficiency, hybrid transformer,

photovoltaic (PV) module.)

PE40 High Power Factor AC–DC LED Driver With Film

Capacitors

Abstract—In this paper, a new method isproposed to eliminate electrolytic capacitors in

a two-stage ac–dc light-emitting diode (LED)driver. DC-biased sinusoidal or square-waveLED drivingcurrent can help to reduce thepower imbalance between ac input and dcoutput. In doing so, film capacitors can be

adopted to improve LED driver’s lifetime. Therelationship between the peakto- average ratioof the pulsating current in LEDs and the storagecapacitance according to given storage

capacitance is derived. Using the proposed“zero-low-level square-wave driving current”scheme, the storage capacitance in the LED driver can be reduced to 52.7% comparing withthat in the driver using constant dc driving

current. The input power factor is almost unity,which complies with lighting equipmentstandards such as IEC-1000-3-2 for Class C equipments. The voltage across the storagecapacitors is analyzed and verified during the

whole pulse width modulation dimming range.For the ease of dimming and implementation, a50WLED driver with zero-low-level square-wave driving current is built and the experimental

results are presented to verify the proposedmethods. (Index Terms—Converters, dimming,LED driver, lighting, pulsating driving current.)

IEEE 2013

PE41 High-Efficiency

Asymmetrical Half-BridgeConverter WithoutElectrolytic Capacitor for Low-Output-Voltage AC–DC LED Drivers

Abstract—Due to their high reliability and

luminous efficacy, high-brightness light-emittingdiodes are being widely used in lightingapplications, and therefore, their powersupplies are required to have also high reliability and efficiency. A very common approach for

achieving this in ac–dc applications is using atwo-stage topology. The power factor correctorboost converter operating in the boundary

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conduction mode is a very common converterused as first stage. It is normally designedwithout electrolytic capacitors, improving

reliability but also increasing the low-frequencyripple of the output voltage. The asymmetricalhalf-bridge (AHB) is a perfect option for thesecond stage as it has very high efficiency, it

operates at constant switching frequency, andits output filter is small (i.e., it can be also easilyimplemented without electrolytic capacitors).Moreover, the AHB is an excellent candidatefor selfdriven synchronous rectification (SD-SR)

as its transformer does not have dead times.However, the standard configuration of theSD-SR must bemodified in this case in order todeal with the transformer voltage variations dueto the input voltage ripple and, more important,

due to the LED dimming state. Thismodification is presented in this paper. Anotherimportant issue regarding the AHB is that itsclosed-loop controller cannot be very fast and

it cannot easily cancel the previously mentioned low-frequency ripple. In this paper, a feed-forward technique, specifically designed toovercome this problem, is also presented. Theexperimental results obtained with a 60-W

topology show that efficiency of the AHB maybe very high (94.5%), while the inherent controlproblems related to the AHB can be overcomeby the proposed feed-forward technique. (Index

Terms—AC–DC converter, asymmetrical halfbridge, dc– dc converter, LED drivers, low-output voltage, self-driven synchronousrectification (SD-SR).)

PE42 High-Efficiency Single-

Input Multiple-Output DC–DC Converter

Abstract—The aim of this study is to develop a

high-efficiency single-input multiple-output (SIMO) dc–dc converter. The proposedconverter can boost the voltage of a low-voltage input power source to a controllable

high-voltage dc bus and middle-voltage outputterminals. The high-voltage dc bus can take asthe main power for a high-voltage dc load orthe front terminal of a dc–ac inverter. Moreover, middle-voltage output terminals can

supply powers for individual middle-voltage dc

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loads or for charging auxiliary power sources(e.g., battery modules). In this study, acoupled-inductorbased dc–dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the

properties of voltage clamping and softswitching, and the corresponding devicespecifications are adequately designed. As aresult, the objectives of high-efficiency power conversion, high stepup ratio, and various output

voltages with different levels can be obtained.Some experimental results via a kilowatt-level prototype are given to verify the effectiveness ofthe proposed SIMO dc–dc converter in

practical applications. (Index Terms—Coupledinductor, high-efficiency power conversion,single-input multiple-output (SIMO) converter,soft switching, voltage clamping.)

PE43 Hybrid-Frequency Modulation for PWM-Integrated ResonantConverters

Abstract—This paper presents a uniquemodulation method for extending the input rangeof pulse-width modulation (PWM)- integratedresonant converters, such as the isolated boostresonant converter, while maintaining high

conversion efficiency. The technique includesprimarily the hybridizing of constant-on, constantoff, and fixed-frequency controldepending only on the required duty cycle. The

modulation scheme reduces core loss andconduction loss dramatically by decreasing theapplied volt-seconds at the transformer and improving the switching period utilization. Withhybrid-frequency control, the circuit

alsomaintains zero current switching for theoutput diodes, minimizes switching loss, andeliminates circulating energy at the transformeracross the entire operating range. It also allowsfor a predictable voltage gain, dependent only

on duty cycle and transformer turns ratio. Adetailed loss analysis is provided and verifiedagainst a 180 W experimental prototype, withan input range of 12–48 V and a switching

frequency range of 30–70 kHz. Implementationissues are also handled with a variety ofsolutions for realizing the modulation scheme.Experimental results show greater than 4%weighted efficiency improvement in the

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prototype using the proposed method. (Index

Terms—DC–DC modulation, integrated boostresonant (IBR) converter)

PE44 Improved Sensorless

Operation of a CSI-BasedInduction Motor Drive:Long Feeder Case

Abstract—Various applications, like in

underground mines and oil and gas industries,require remote operation of vectorcontrolledmedium-voltage variable speed drives via along motor feeder. The use of voltage sourceinverters in such cases leads to motor

overvoltage and harmonic quality problems. Thecurrent source inverter (CSI) is ideally matchedto these applications because of its motor-friendly voltage output. Speed sensorlessoperation is mandatory due to the longmotor

feeder. Although the model reference adaptivesystem (MRAS) is a powerful and provenspeed estimation tool, its implementation in longmotor feeder drives faces many challenges.

Among them, and addressed in this paper, areinherent dc offset in its stator model, the need foractual motor voltage and current values, andoscillations in the estimated speed due to errorsin the motor current measurement signals. In

this paper, a sensorless CSI vector-controlleddrive, suitable for long motor feeder applications,is studied. Improved speed estimation isachieved by proposing 1) a modified dc-offset

eliminator for an MRAS speed estimation and 2)a compensation technique for motor current’smeasurement errors. Intensive experimental results, for a low-voltage scaled model, alongwith simulations validate the effectiveness of the

proposed technique. (Index Terms—Currentsource inverter, long feeder, medium voltage

drives, speed sensor-less.)

IEEE 2013

PE45 Improved Trans-Z-

Source Inverter WithContinuous Input Currentand Boost Inversion Capability

Abstract—This paper deals with a new family

of high boost voltage inverters that improve upon the conventional trans-Z-source and trans-quasi-Z-source inverters. The improved trans-Z-source inverter provides continuous input

current and a higher boost voltage inversion capability. In addition, the improved inverter cansuppress resonant current at startup, whichmight destroy the device. In comparison to theconventional trans-Z-source/-trans-quasi-

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Zsource inverters, for the same transformer turn ratio and input and output voltages, the improved

inverter has a higher modulation index withreduced voltage stress on the dc link, lowercurrent stress flow on the transformer windingsand diode, and lower input current ripple. In

order to produce the same input and outputvoltage with the same modulation index, theimproved inverter uses a lower transformer turnratio compared to the conventional inverters.Thus, the size and weight of the transformer in

the improved inverter can be reduced. Thispaper presents the operating principles, analysisand simulation results, and compares them with those of the conventional trans-Z-source/-quasi-Z-source inverters. To verify the performance

of the improved converter, a laboratoryprototype was constructed based on aTMS320F2812 digital signal processor with 100Vdc input and 115 Vrms output voltage. (Index

Terms—Boost inversion ability, shoot-throughstate, trans-Z-source inverter, transformer, Z-source inverter.)

PE46 Improved Voltage-Vector

Sequences on Dead-BeatPredictive Direct PowerControl of ReversibleThree-Phase Grid-Connected Voltage-Source

Converters

Abstract—This paper presents a dead-beat

predictive direct power control (DPC) strategyand its improved voltage-vector sequences forreversible three-phase grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). The instantaneousvariation rates of active and reactive powers,

by applying each converter voltage vector in 12different sectors, are deduced and analyzed.Based on the power variation rates, it is foundthat the values of the predicted duration times

for the two conventional active converter voltagevectors are less than zero when the grid-connected VSC operates as either a rectifier oran inverter. In order to solve this issue, twonew alternative vector sequences are proposed

and compared. Experimental results on a 1.5kW reversible grid-connected VSC system arepresented to validate the feasibility of theproposed voltage-vector sequences on the

dead-beat predictive DPC strategy. (Index Terms—Dead-beat, direct power control(DPC), duration time, predictive, vector

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sequences, voltage-source converter (VSC).)

PE47 Input Differential-Mode

EMI of CRM Boost PFCConverter

Abstract—In this paper, the differential-mode

(DM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) noiseof a single-phase boost power factor correctionconverter operating in critical current mode wasanalyzed. The DM noise spectra are calculatedbased on the mathematicalmodel of EMI

receiver and the required corner frequencies ofDM filter are obtained. It can be seen that theminimum corner frequencies are determined bythe maximum noises at 150 kHz. With the

relation between the magnitude of the inductorcurrent ripple and theDMnoise, the characteristics of noise at 150 kHz are obtainedby analyzing the current ripple magnitude at150 kHz; thus, the worst conditions which have

the maximum noise value are figured out.Meanwhile, the maximum noises at 150 kHz for different input voltages are identical, so theDM filter can be designed based on one worstspectrum at one input voltage without testing the

spectra in other conditions. (Index Terms—Boost converter, critical current mode (CRM),differential mode (DM), electromagneticinterference (EMI), power factor correction

(PFC).)

IEEE 2013

PE48 Integration and Operationof a Single-PhaseBidirectional Inverter With

Two Buck/Boost MPPTsfor DC-DistributionApplications

Abstract—This study is focused on integrationand operation of a single-phase bidirectional inverter with two buck/boost maximum power

point trackers (MPPTs) for dc-distributionapplications. In a dc-distribution system, abidirectional inverter is required to control thepower flow between dc bus and ac grid, and toregulate the dc bus to a certain range of

voltages.Adroop regulation mechanismaccording to the inverter inductor current levelsto reduce capacitor size, balance power flow,and accommodate load variation is proposed.Since the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage canvary from 0 to 600 V, especially with thin-filmPV panels, the MPPT topology is formed withbuck and boost converters to operate at thedc-bus voltage around 380 V, reducing the

voltage stress of its followed inverter.Additionally, the controller can online check the

IEEE 2013



input configuration of the two MPPTs, equallydistribute the PV-array output current to thetwoMPPTs in parallel operation, and switch control laws to smooth out mode transition. A

comparison between the conventionalboostMPPT and the proposedbuck/boostMPPT integrated with a PV inverteris also presented. Experimental results obtainedfroma 5-kW system have verified the

discussion and feasibility. (Index Terms—Bidirectional inverter, buck/boost maximumpower point trackers (MPPTs), dc-distribution

applications.)

PE49 Interleaved BoundaryConduction Mode (BCM)Buck Power FactorCorrection (PFC)

Converter

Abstract—An interleaved boundary conductionmode powerfactor- correction buck converter that maintains high efficiency across entire loadand line range is proposed. The adaptive

master– slave interleaving method maintainsstable 180◦ out-of-phase operation during anytransient. By interleaving two parallel-connected buck converters, the input currentripple is halved while the ripple frequency is

doubled, which leads to a smaller differential mode line filter. The line current harmonicdistortion is analyzed to examine the allowableoutput voltage range while meeting harmonicregulations. The operation and performance of

the proposed circuit is verified on a 300 W, universal line experimental prototype with 80 Voutput. The measured efficiencies remain above96% down to 20% of full load across the entire

universal line range. Even at 10% of full-loadcondition, the efficiency remains above 94%.The input current harmonics also meet theIEC61000-3-2 (class D) standard. (Index Terms—Boundary conduction mode (BCM),

buck converter, interleaving, power factorcorrection (PFC).)

IEEE 2013

PE50 Light-Load EfficiencyImprovement in Buck-

Derived Single-StageSingle-Switch PFC Converters

Abstract—Single-stage single-switch ac/dcconverters with power factor correction (PFC)

generally have higher power losses under alight-load condition, as compared to that of thetwo-stage approach, due to the sharing of acommon power transistor such that the PFC

stage cannot be switched OFF separately to

IEEE 2013



save power losses. This letter addresses this

problem by using a buck topology for the PFCstage of the single-stage single-switchconverters as it can be completely turned OFFby operating the converter only near the zero

crossing of the input voltage, due to thepresence of the dead angle of input current.Hence, the switching and conduction losses tothe transistor and diodes, and passive devicesare reduced. Also, further improvement is made

by finding the best combination of dc-buscapacitor charging time and discharging time toachieve the lowest power loss. A recentlyproposed converter topology which combines

a buck PFC cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell isused as an example. Experimental results arereported and confirmed that the proposed light-load power loss reduction scheme on theconverter can improve power stage efficiency

by up to 7% at 1 W of output power ascompared to that without the proposedscheme. (Index Terms—Light-load efficiency,power consumption, Power factor correction, single-stage.)

PE51 Light-to-Light: PV-FedLED Lighting Systems

Abstract—This paper discusses the principle ofoperation, dynamic modeling, and control design for light-to-light (LtL) systems, whose aimis to directly convert the sun irradiation into

artificial light. The system discussed in this paperis composed by a photovoltaic (PV) panel, anLED array, a dc–dc converter dedicated to themaximum power point tracking of the PV panel

and a dc–dc converter dedicated to drive theLEDs array. A system controller is also included, whose goal is to ensure the matchingbetween the maximum available PV power andthe LED power by means of a low-frequency

LEDs dimming. An experimental designexample is discussed to illustrate thefunctionalities of the LtL system. (Index Terms—LED lighting, maximum power point tracking,PV systems.)

IEEE 2013

PE52 Mitigation of LowerOrder Harmonics in a Grid-Connected Single-Phase

Abstract—In this paper, a simple single-phasegrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter topology consisting of a boost section, a low-

IEEE 2013



PV Inverter voltage single-phase inverter with an inductivefilter, and a step-up transformer interfacing the

grid is considered. Ideally, this topology will notinject any lower order harmonics into the griddue to high-frequency pulse width modulationoperation. However, the nonideal factors in the

system such as core saturation-induced distorted magnetizing current of the transformerand the dead time of the inverter, etc.,contribute to a significant amount of lower orderharmonics in the grid current. A novel design of

inverter current control that mitigates lowerorder harmonics is presented in this paper. Anadaptive harmonic compensation technique andits design are proposed for the lower orderharmonic compensation. In addition, a

proportional-resonant-integral (PRI) controllerand its design are also proposed. This controllereliminates the dc component in the controlsystem, which introduces even harmonics in the

grid current in the topology considered.Thedynamics of the system due to the interactionbetween the PRI controller and the adaptivecompensation scheme is also analyzed. Thecomplete design has been validated with

experimental results and good agreement withtheoretical analysis of the overall system isobserved. (Index Terms—Adaptive filters,harmonic distortion, inverters, solar energy.)

PE53 Modeling and Simulationof All-Electric Ships WithLow-Voltage DC HybridPower Systems

Abstract—DChybrid power systems are ofinterest for future low emission, fuel-efficient vessels. In spite of the advantages they offeronboard a ship, they result in a complex,

interconnected system, which requires effectiveanalysis tools to enable a full realization of theadvantages. Modeling and simulation are essential tools to facilitate design, analysis, andoptimization of the system. This paper reviews

modeling of hybrid electric ship components including mechanical and electrical elements.Power electronic converters are modeled bynonlinear averaging methods to suit system-level

studies. A unified model for bidirectionalconverters is proposed to avoid transitions between two separate models. A simulation

IEEE 2013



platform using the derived models is developedfor the system-level analysis of hybrid electricships. Simulation results of power sharing

among two diesel generators, a fuel cell module, and an energy storage system arepresented for three modes of operation. (Index Terms—DC distribution systems, modeling,simulation, transportation.)

PE54 Multilevel DC-LinkInverter and ControlAlgorithm to Overcome thePV Partial Shading

Abstract—This letter presents for the first timethe application of multilevel dc-link inverter toovercome the problem of partial shading ofindividual photovoltaic (PV) sources which are

connected in series. The “PV permutation algorithm,” as a new method, is developed forthe control of the inverter so as to extract themaximum power form each PV source under

partial shading and to deliver all that power tothe load. The algorithm is based on combination of the direct pulsewidth modulation, thesequential permutation PV sources, and theoutput generation to control the multilevel dc-link

inverter. The algorithm is applied successfully toa seven-level inverter with separate maximumpower point tracking algorithm for each PVsource and under nonuniform irradiance (partial

shading). Digital processing unit F28335 eZdsp is used to control the PV system in the real-timemode, and MATLAB–Simulink real-time dataexchange is employed to display the extractedpower and to control the system parameters via

a designed graphical user interface window. The implementation and experimental results arepresented. (Index Terms—Maximum power

point tracking (MPPT), multilevel inverter,photovoltaic partial shading, real-time data

exchange (RTDX).)

IEEE 2013

PE55 Mutual Impedance ofSmall Ring-Type Coils forMultiwinding Induction

Heating Appliances

Abstract—This paper proposes amodel of themutual impedance between ring-type coils usedin domestic induction hobs. Recent

developments in these appliances have focused on flexible cooking surfaces, includingadjustable-size or total-active surfaces. Flexiblecooking surfaces are implemented by means ofseveral small ring-type closely arranged coils,

IEEE 2013



each one supplied by a resonant inverter. Thebasic winding is a ring-type circular small coil,whose self-impedance has been reportedpreviously. In this paper, the coupling between

coils in terms of impedance is derived. Thecoils are modeled as axisymmetric current density distributions with parallel revolution axes.The mutual impedance between the coils isobtained considering two media representing the

load and the ferrite, respectively. Experimentalmeasurements have been performed to validatethe results. (Index Terms—Frequency-dependent impedance, home appliances,

impedance matrix, impedance measurements,induction heating, inductors, mutual coupling,mutual impedance.)

PE56 Nonlinear Behavior and

Instability in a Three-PhaseBoost Rectifier Connectedto a Nonideal Power GridWith an Interacting Load

Abstract—Three-phase voltage source

converters (VSCs) are commonly used toconvert ac power from a three-phase grid to aregulated dc voltage with unity input powerfactor. The control of the VSC is normallyachieved by an outer voltage feedback loop and

a sinusoidal pulsewidth-modulated inner currentloop. However, the nonideal power grid andthe presence of other interacting loads give riseto nonlinear operation and drive the VSC toenter an irreversible instability region. In this

paper, an irreversible bifurcation phenomenon ina three-phase VSC connected to a power gridwith an interacting load is reported. Theconverter can also be regarded as exhibiting a

catastrophic bifurcation in which the inputcurrent expands to impose undesirablecomponent stress. A large-signal analysis isadopted to identify the physical origin of thephenomenon and to locate the boundary of the

instability. Experimental results on a 4-kVAac/dc converter prototype provide verificationof the instability phenomenon. (Index Terms—Bifurcation, instability, power grid, three-phasevoltage source converter (VSC).)

IEEE 2013

PE57 Novel Energy ConversionSystem Based on aMultimode Single-LegPower Converter

Abstract—This paper presents a novel powerconversion topology for systems, which include a boost and bidirectional converters to controlthe power flows between sources, batteries,

IEEE 2013



and ultracapacitors. The proposed system

(multimode single-leg power converter)substitutes the boost converter and bidirectional converter with a multifunctional bidirectionalconverter and has cost effectiveness and fault

tolerance, preserving the same energyconversion functionalities of the conventionalenergy conversion system. To verify the performance of the proposed system, itsoperations are categorized and explained to

four different modes. Then, each mode of theproposed system is simulated and implementedexperimentally using a prototype test bed. The results present that the proposed conversion

system is feasible and applicable for a widerange of applications includingalternative/renewable power systems andelectric vehicles (EVs).(Index Terms—Bidirectional converter, energy conversion,

hybrid vehicles, renewable energy.)

PE58 Origin of Cross-CouplingEffects in Distributed DC–DC Converters in

Photovoltaic Applications

Abstract—Long strings of photovoltaic (PV)modules are found to be vulnerable to shading effects, causing significant reduction in the system

power output. To overcome this, distributedmaximum power point-tracking (DMPPT)schemes have been proposed, in whichindividual dc–dc converters are connected toeach PV module to enable module-wise

maximum power extraction. There are twomain concepts to implementDMMPTsystems: seriesand parallel configuration, describing theconnection of the output terminals of the

converters. Both systems are studiedintensively, with innovative solutions toencountered operational challenges and novelcontrol methods. However, a comprehensivedynamic model for neither system has been

presented so far. This paper fills the gap by presenting small-signal models for bothconfigurations, explaining the observedoperational peculiarities. The analytical claimsare verified with a practical system comprising

two maximum power point-tracking buck–boost converters. (Index Terms—Cascadedconverters, dc–dc power conversion,

IEEE 2013



photovoltaic (PV) power systems.)

PE59 Perturbation On-Time(POT) Technique in PowerFactor Correction (PFC)Controller for Low TotalHarmonic Distortion and

High Power Factor

Abstract—The proposed perturbation on-timetechnique suppresses total harmonic distortion (THD) and, thus, improves the power factor inthe power factor correction (PFC) controller.Besides, the adaptive control of the minimum off

time by the proposed inhibit time control canimprove efficiency even at lowac input voltage.Therefore, highly integrated PFC converterfabricated in the TSMC 800-V ultrahigh

voltage process can achieve low THD of 6%,high PF of 99%, and high efficiency of 95% atthe output power of 90W. (Index Terms—Inhibit time (IT) control, nonnegative-voltagezero current detector (NNV-ZCD),

perturbation on time (POT), power factorcorrection (PFC), ultrahigh voltage (UHV).)

IEEE 2013

PE60 Precise AcceleratedTorque Control for Small

Inductance Brushless DCMotor

Abstract—In this paper, precise acceleratedtorque control for a small inductance brushless

dc motor (BLDCM) is achieved byelectromagnetic torque control and disturbancetorque suppression. First, the electromagnetictorque ripple is reduced in commutation andconduction regions. In the former region, the

ripple is suppressed by overlapping commutationcontrol and optimizing the duty ratio of theactive controller. In the latter region, theunbalance ripple caused by the unbalanced

three phase windings is reduced by the proposed asymmetry compensation function,and the disturbance ripple created by the backelectromotive force (EMF) is compensated byfeedforward control. Second, the disturbance

torque has been observed and compensatedthrough the improved disturbance torquecontroller whose compensation coefficient is obtained by line-to-line back EMF coefficientestimation. And, both the disturbance

observation and speed measurement are allsynchronized with the encoder pulse alteration.Experimental results are presented todemonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the

proposed accelerated torque control scheme. (Index Terms—Accelerated torque,brushless dc motor (BLDCM), disturbance

IEEE 2013



suppression, electromagnetic torque, small

inductance, torque ripple.)

PE61 Problems Incurred in aVector-Controlled Single-Phase Induction Motor,and a Proposal for a

Vector-Controlled Two-Phase Induction Motor as aReplacement

Abstract—This paper presents several of theproblems encountered with vector-controlled single-phase induction motor (SPIM), anddiscusses about the complex implementation of

a vector controlled SPIM drive. The vector-controlled symmetrical two-phase inductionmotor (TPIM) is presented as a viablereplacement for the vector-controlled SPIM.

The implementation of the proposed vector-controlled TPIM is simple compared to thevectorcontrolled SPIM. All the TPIMparameters can be calculated simply andprecisely. The proposed strategy for TPIM is

derived from the indirect vector control strategyused for three-phase ac machines. Severaldifferences between the vector control strategies for the TPIM and for three-phase ac

motor are discussed. The validity of theproposed vector-controlled TPIM was verifiedby simulations and experiments. (Index Terms—Vector-controlled single-phase inductionmotor (SPIM), vector-controlled two-phase

induction motor (TPIM), unsymmetrical motor.)

IEEE 2013

PE62 Reconfigurable SolarConverter: A Single-StagePower Conversion PV-

Battery System

Abstract—This paper introduces a newconverter called reconfigurable solar converter(RSC) for photovoltaic (PV)-battery

application, particularly utility-scale PV-batteryapplication. The main concept of the newconverter is to use a single-stage threephasegrid-tie solar PV converter to perform dc/ac and dc/dc operations. This converter solution is

appealing for PV-battery application, becauseitminimizes the number of conversion stages,thereby improving efficiency and reducing cost,weight, and volume. In this paper, a

combination of analysis and experimental tests isused to demonstrate the attractive performancecharacteristics of the proposed RSC. (Index Terms—Converter, energy storage, photovoltaic(PV), solar.)

IEEE 2013

PE63 Series Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converters WithVoltage Autobalance for

Abstract—In this paper, an isolated seriesasymmetrical halfbridge converter (SA-HBC) is proposed to satisfy the high power and high

IEEE 2013



High Input-VoltageApplications

input-voltage requirements. In the proposedconverter, two half-bridge modules with seriesconfiguration are adopted in the primary side toreduce the switch voltage stress to half of the

input voltage.Moreover, the series half-bridgecells share the same transformer and leakageinductance, which simplifies the circuit structure. Zero-voltage-switching transition is achievedfor all the active switches by employing the

asymmetrical control scheme to reduce theswitching losses. Furthermore, the voltages ofthe input capacitors are automatically balanced without any additional components or complex

control methods. In addition, a family of dc–dcconverters with series half-bridge structure isexplored to give a universal discussion andextensive applications of the proposed contributions for the high input-voltage systems.

Finally, a 500–600-V input 48-V output 1-kWprototype operating with 100 kHz switchingfrequency is built and tested to demonstratethe effectiveness of the proposed SA-HBCconverter. The efficiency of 95% at full load is

realized. (Index Terms—High voltageapplications and voltage autobalance ability,series asymmetrical half-bridge converter (SA-HBC).)

PE64 Soft-Switching DC/DC

Converter With a Full ZVSRange and Reduced OutputFilter for High-VoltageApplications

Abstract—Anew soft-switching dc/dc

converter, which can solve the drawbacks ofexisting phase-shifted full-bridge converterssuch as narrow zero-voltage-switching (ZVS)range, large circulating current, large duty-cycleloss, and a large output filter in highvoltage

applications, is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is composed of twosymmetric half-bridge inverters that are placedin parallel on the primary side and are driven in a

phase-shifting manner to regulate the outputvoltage. At the rectifier stage, two full-bridgerectifiers sharing two low-current-rating diodesare employed. This structure allows theproposed converter to have the advantages of a

full ZVS range, no problems related to duty-cycle loss, no circulating current, and asignificantly reduced output filter. In this paper,

IEEE 2013



the circuit configuration, operation principle,

and relevant analysis results of the proposedconverters are presented. Experimental resultson a prototype converter realized with thespecification of 80-in plasma display panel

sustain power module (320–385 Vdc input, 205Vdc /5 A output) validate the theoreticalanalysis. (Index Terms—No circulating current,no duty-cycle loss, phaseshift, zero-voltage switching (ZVS).)

PE65 Space-Vector-Modulated Three-Level Inverters Witha Single Z-Source Network

Abstract—The Z-source inverter is a relativelyrecent converter topology that exhibits bothvoltage-buck and voltage-boost capability. TheZ-source concept can be applied to all dc-to-

ac, acto- dc, ac-to-ac, and dc-to-dc powerconversion whether two-level or multilevel. However, multilevel converters offer manybenefits for higher power applications. Previouspublications have shown the control of a Z-

source neutral point clamped inverter using thecarrier-based modulation technique. This paperpresents the control of a Z-source neutral pointclamped inverter using the space vector

modulation technique. This gives a number ofbenefits, both in terms of implementation andharmonic performance. The adopted approachenables the operation of the Z-sourcearrangement to be optimized and implemented

digitally without introducing any extracommutations. The proposed techniques aredemonstrated both in simulation and through experimental results from a prototypeconverter. (IndexTerms—Buck–boost, neutral

point clamped inverter, space vector modulation(SVM), Z-source inverter.)

IEEE 2013

PE66 Synchronous-Reference-Frame-Based Control ofSwitched Boost Inverter forStandalone DC NanogridApplications

Abstract—Switched boost inverter (SBI) is asingle-stage power converter derived fromInverse Watkins Johnson topology. Unlike thetraditional buck-type voltage source inverter(VSI), the SBI can produce an ac output voltage

that is either greater or less than the availabledc input voltage. Also, the SBI exhibits betterelectromagnetic interference noise immunitywhen compared to the VSI, which enablescompact design of the power converter. Another

IEEE 2013



advantage of SBI is that it can supply both dcand ac loads simultaneously from a single dc

input. These features make the SBI suitable fordc nanogrid applications. In this paper, the SBIis proposed as a power electronic interface in dc nanogrid. The structure and advantages of the

proposed SBI-based nanogrid are discussed indetail. This paper also presents a dqsynchronousreference- frame-based controllerfor SBI, which regulates both dc and ac busvoltages of the nanogrid to their respective

reference values under steady state as well asunder dynamic load variation in the nanogrid.The control system of SBI has beenexperimentally validated using a 0.5-kWlaboratory prototype of the SBI supplying both

dc and ac loads simultaneously, and the relevant experimental results are given in this paper. Thelow cross regulation and the dynamicperformance of the control system have also

been verified experimentally for a 20% stepchange in either dc or ac load of SBI. These experimental results confirm the suitability of theSBI and its closed-loop control strategy for dcnanogrid applications. (Index Terms—DC

nanogrid, switched boost inverter (SBI),synchronous reference frame (SRF) control.)

PE67 Synthesizable Integrated

Circuit and System Designfor Solar Chargers

Abstract—In this paper, an automatic design

tool for a solar energy harvesting IC and system is developed with visual basic software,and the synthesis tool employed in thisapproach can be used to shorten the design timeto market. In addition, a smart meter system is

developed to measure the solar energy harvesting system’s information with an onlinesystem. Users can thus get the proposedsystem’s information at any time and from

anywhere. Finally, good agreement has beenfound between the analytic and experimentalresults. (Index Terms—Digital-to-analogconverter (DAC), energy harvesting, pulsewidth modulation (PWM).)

IEEE 2013

PE68 The TAIPEI Rectifier—ANew Three-Phase Two-Switch ZVS PFC DCM

Abstract—A new, three-phase, two-switch,power-factorcorrection (PFC) rectifier that can achieve less than 5% inputcurrent total harmonic

IEEE 2013



Boost Rectifier distortion (THD) and features zero-voltageswitching (ZVS) of all the switches over theentire input-voltage and load ranges is

introduced. The proposed rectifier also offersautomatic voltage balancing across the twooutput capacitors connected inseries,whichmakes it possible to usedownstreamconverters designed with lower

voltage-rated component that offer betterperformance and are less expensive than theirhigh-voltage-rated counterparts. In addition, the proposed rectifier also exhibits low common-

mode EMI noise. The performance of theproposed rectifier was evaluated on a 2.8-kWprototype with a 780-V output that wasdesigned to operate in 340–520-VL-L,RMSinput-voltage range. (Index Terms—Boost

converter, discontinuous conduction mode,power factor correction, three phase, voltagebalancing, zerovoltage switching.)

PE69 Triple Loop Modulation

(TLM) for High Reliabilityand Efficiency in a PowerFactor Correction (PFC)System

Abstract—The proposed triple loop

modulation (TLM) can ensure reliability of thepower factor correction (PFC) system due tothe improvement of transient response. Inconventional design, low bandwidth of less than20Hz that rejects ac source of 60/120 Hz

coupling deteriorates system reliability in case of output load variation. Contrarily, theproposedTLMcan automatically adjust bandwidth to rapidly increase or decrease

inductor current to shorten transient responsetime. Besides, in the steady state, system stabilitycan be guaranteed by low-frequencycompensation pole without being affected by the TLM. The test circuit fabricated in a VIS

500 V UHV laterally diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor transistor process demonstratesthat the highly integrated PFC controller withthe proposed TLM has high power factor of

99%, high efficiency of 95%, and high powerdriving capability of about 90 W. The improvement in transient response is twofoldfaster than in conventional PFC design withoutput load variation from 90 to 20W and vice

versa. (Index Terms—Fast transient response,

IEEE 2013



power factor correction (PFC), triple loop

modulation (TLM).)

PE70 Unterminated Small-SignalBehavioral Model of DC–

DC Converters

Abstract—The “black-box” modeling of dc–dcconverters has always been an attractive topic

widely used in engineering practice. However, inorder to obtain unterminated model of dc–dcconverter, the one had to be removed from theoriginal environment and connected to the high-

bandwidth voltage source and current sink foreasier decoupling of the source and the loaddynamics. This paper addresses an online dc–dc converter characterization procedurewhereconverter under test can remainworking in the

original environment, at the particular operatingpoint, and be connected to any type of thesource and the load while the terminatedfrequency response characteristics are obtained.The source and the load dynamics can then be

decoupled from the measured frequency responses using here proposed lineartransformation matrix. The verification andvalidation of the proposed technique will be both

presented in this paper. (Index Terms—Behavioral model, dc power systems,decoupling, electronic power converters, un-terminated transfer functions.)

IEEE 2013

PE71 Γ-Z-Source Inverters Abstract—Voltage-type Γ-Z-source invertersare proposed in this letter. They use a unique Γ-shaped impedance network for boosting their

output voltage in addition to their usualvoltagebuck behavior. Comparing them with

other topologies, the proposed inverters uselesser components and a coupled transformer for

producing the high-gain and modulation ratio

simultaneously. The obtained gain can be tunedby varying the turns ratio γΓZ of the transformer

within the narrow range of 1 < γΓZ ≤ 2. Thisleads to lesser winding turns at high gain, as

compared to other related topologies.

Experimental testing has already proven thevalidity of the proposed inverters. (Index Terms

—Embedded-Z-source, quasi-Z-source, T-

source, trans-Z-source, Z-source, Γ-Z-sourceinverters.)

IEEE 2013



S.No Project Titles Domain IEEE Year

1Comparison of Power Quality ImprovementTechniques in AC-DC Cuk Converter

PowerElectronics/Matlab

2012 –2013

2Discontinuous Energy Pump Source InvertersPower

Electronics/Matlab

2012 –

2013

3Power Quality Improvement Techniques in AC-

DC Cuk Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012 –

2013

4

Simulation and Hardware Implementation of

Incremental

Conductance MPPT With Direct Control MethodUsing Cuk Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

5

Multiphase DC–DC Converters Using a Boost-

Half-Bridge Cell forHigh-Voltage and High-Power Applications

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

6A Comparison of Symmetrical and AsymmetricalThree-Phase H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for DTC

Induction Motor Drives

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

7A Hybrid Cascade Converter Topology WithSeries-Connected Symmetrical and Asymmetrical

Diode-Clamped H-Bridge Cells

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

8A Review of Various Carrier based PWMMethods for

Multilevel Inverter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

9Analysis of Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverterswith

Photovoltaic Arrays


2012– 2013

10Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Hybrid ElectricVehicles


2012– 2013

11

Fault Recovery Strategy for Hybrid Cascaded H-

BridgeMulti-Level Inverters

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

12

Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Based Shunt

Active Power Filter with Trifling Susceptibility toDivisional Voltages Deregulation

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

13Generalised pulse width modulation approach forDC capacitor voltage balancing in diode-clamped

multilevel converters

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

14Induction Motor Drive Using Seven LevelMultilevel Inverter for Energy Saving in Variable

Torque Load Application

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013



15Multilevel inverters for low-power applicationPower

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

16

GZVNewly-Constructed Simplified Single-PhaseMultistring Multilevel

Inverter Topology for Distributed EnergyResources

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

17Nine level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel DC-Link

Inverter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

18Role of High Power Semiconductor Devices in

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

19

The Comparative Analysis of MultiCarrier Control

Techniques For SPWM Controlled Cascaded H-

Bridge Multilevel Inverter


2012– 2013

20Bridgeless High-Power-Factor Buck ConverterPowerElectronics/Matlab

2012– 2013

21

Design Considerations of Soft Switched Buck PFC

Converterwith Constant On-Time (COT) Control

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

22A Modular Grid-Connected Photovoltaic

Generation System Based on DC Bus

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

23A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for aMicrogrid System


2012– 2013

24

An Islanding Detection Method for a Grid-

Connected System Based on the GoertzelAlgorithm

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

25

High-Performance Adaptive Perturb and Observe

MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic-BasedMicrogrids

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

26Interleaved Soft-Switching Boost Converter for

Photovoltaic Power-Generation System

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

27Multicascoded Sources for a High-Efficiency Fuel-Cell Hybrid Power

System in High-Voltage Application


2012– 2013

28A High-Efficiency Grid-Tie Battery Energy StorageSystem


2012– 2013

29Design and Implementation of a Photovoltaic High-

Intensity-Discharge Street Lighting System

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

DEVELOPMENT OF A GRID CONNECTED



30PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CONDITIONING

SYSTEM BASED ON FLYING CAPACITORS

INVERTER

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

31

High-Efficiency MOSFET Inverter with H-Type

Configuration for

Photovoltaic Nonisolated AC-ModuleApplications

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

32

A New Approach to Achieve Maximum Power

Point Tracking for PV System With a VariableInductor

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

33Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Energy System

of an Oceanographic Buoy

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

34

Single-Phase Seven-Level Grid-Connected

Inverter for Photovoltaic

System


2012– 2013

35Analysis of two resonant converters with the sameconverter leg


2012– 2013

36

Series resonant inverter with selective harmonic

operation applied to all-metal domestic inductionheating

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

37High Frequency Resonant SEPIC Converter with

Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

38Multiplier SEPIC ConverterPowerElectronics/Matlab

2012– 2013

39Discontinuous Operation Modes of Current-fed

Quasi-Z-Source Inverter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

40High Frequency Transformer Isolated Z-Source

Inverters

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

41LCCT-Z-Source InvertersPowerElectronics/Matlab

2012– 2013

42Photovoltaic Lighting System Based On Z-

Source/Quasi-Z-Source Converter Topology

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

43Switched-Inductor Quasi-Z-Source InverterPower

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

44Trans-Z-Source InvertersPowerElectronics/Matlab

2012– 2013

45Z-SOURCE INVERTER BASED

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION Power 2012



SYSTEM Electronics/Matlab – 2013

46

An Efficient High-Step-Up Interleaved DC–DC

Converter

With a Common Active Clamp


2012– 2013

47

Analysis, design and experimental results of a

floating-output

interleaved-input boost-derived DC–DC high-gaintransformer-less

converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

48

Analysis, Design, and Experimentation of an

Isolated ZVT Boost Converter With Coupled

Inductors


2012– 2013

49Average current controlled switching regulators

with cascade boost converters

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

50

Closed-Loop Analysis and Cascade Control of a

Nonminimum PhaseBoost Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

51A Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulator for the

Auxiliary Converter and the Diode Rectifier

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

52

A Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Single-Stage

AC–DC Converter Based on an Interleaved

Flyback Topology


2012– 2013

53EMI Filter Design for a MHz, kW Three-Phase/Level PWM Rectifier


2012– 2013

54Three–leg power converter topology for a battery

charger

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

55A Novel Control Scheme of Synchronous BuckConverter for ZVS in Light-Load Condition


2012– 2013

56Comparative study of Proportional Integral and

Backstepping Controller for Buck Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

57Dynamic Characteristics of Current-Fed

Superbuck Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

58Inherent clamp flyback–buck converter withwinding cross-coupled inductors


2012– 2013

59New Approach for MPPT Control of Photovoltaic

System With Mutative-Scale Dual-Carrier

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

60Single-Inductor Four-Switch Non-Inverting Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter


2012– 2013



61Synchronous Buck Converter based PV EnergySystem for Portable Applications Chaotic Search


2012– 2013

62Current-Fed Quasi-Z-Source Inverter With

Voltage Buck–Boost and Regeneration Capability

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

63Single-Phase Seven-Level Grid-Connected

Inverter for Photovoltaic System

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

64Current-Fed Quasi-Z-Source Inverter WithVoltageBuck–Boost and Regeneration Capability


2012– 2013

65Reducing Common-Mode Noise in Two-Switch

Forward Converter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

66Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum

Power Point Tracking Method

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

67Mix-Voltage Conversion for Single-Inductor Dual-Output Buck Converters


2012– 2013

68Bridgeless SEPIC Rectifier With Unity Power

Factor and Reduced Conduction Losses

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

69PFC Cuk Converter Based Electronic Ballast for

an W Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

70Modelling and simulation of power factor correctedAC–DC converters


2012– 2013

71

A Modified SEPIC Converter for High-Power-

Factor Rectifier and Universal Input VoltageApplications

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

72An Improved Sliding Mode Controller for Boost

Converter in Solar Energy System

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2012

– 2013

73A Passive Soft-Switching Snubber for PWMInverters


2012– 2013

74Bridgeless SEPIC Rectifier With Unity Power

Factor and Reduced Conduction Losses

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

75PFC Cuk Converter Based Electronic Ballast for

an 18 W Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

76Transformerless Single-Phase Multilevel-BasedPhotovoltaic Inverter


2011– 2012

Mix-Voltage Conversion for Single-Inductor Dual- Power 2011



77Output Buck Converters Electronics/Matlab – 2012

78A Simple Digital Autotuning For Analog Controller

in SMPS

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

79

Circuit Analysis and Modeling of a Phase-ShiftedPulsewidth modulation Full-Bridge-Inverter-Fed

Ozone Generator With Constant AppliedElectrode

Voltage

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

80

A Soft Switching Scheme for Multiphase

DC/Pulsating-DC Converter for Three-Phase

High-Frequency-Link PulsewidthModulation(PWM) Inverter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

81An Inrush Mitigation Technique of LoadTransformers for the Series Voltage Sag

Compensator

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

82Single-Phase AC–AC Converter Based on Quasi-

Z-Source Topology

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

83An Efficient AC–DC Step-Up Converter for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting


2011– 2012

84

Design and Implementation of a Current-Source

Converter for Use in Industry Applications of D-STATCOM

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

85Analysis of Boundary Control for Buck Converters

With Instantaneous Constant-Power Loads

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

86A Single-Input Space Vector for Control of AC–DC Converters Under Generalized Unbalanced

Operating Conditions


2011– 2012

87Effects of Switching Asymmetry on an IsolatedFull-Bridge Boost Converter


2011– 2012

88Switched Inductor Z-Source InverterPower

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

89Hybrid Integration of a Low-Voltage, High-Current Power Supply Buck Converter With an

LTCC Substrate Inductor

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

90Nonisolated High Step-up Boost ConverterIntegrated With Sepic Converter


2011– 2012

91Synthesis of Multiple-Input DC/DC ConvertersPower

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

Optimal Pulsewidth Modulation of Nine-Switch Power 2011



92Converter Electronics/Matlab – 2012

93A New ZVT-ZCT-PWM DC–DC ConverterPower

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

94Design Guidelines of New Step-up DC/DCConverter for Fuel Cell Powered Distributed

Generation Systems

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

95Current Harmonic Compensation and PowerFactor Improvement by Hybrid Shunt Active

Power Filter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

96An Improved Sliding Mode Controller for BoostConverter in Solar Energy System


2011– 2012

97

Stability Analysis of a Non-Inverting Synchronous

Buck-Boost Power Converter for a Solar PowerManagement System

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

98Digital Average Current-Mode Control of PWM

DC–DC Converters Without Current Sensors

Power

Electronics/Matlab2011– 2012

99Multilevel Inverter For Grid-Connected PVSystem Employing Digital PI Controller


2011– 2012

100Analysis and Implementation of a Hybrid High-Power-Factor Three-Phase Unidirectional Rectifier


2011– 2012

101

A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor

Electronic Ballast With Boost Topology forMultiple Fluorescent Lamps

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

102A Novel Power Management Control Strategy for

Stand-alone Photovoltaic Power System-Matlab

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

103Comparison of Z-Source Inverter and TraditionalTwo-Stage Boost-Buck Inverter in Grid-tied

Renewable Energy Generation


2011– 2012

104Analysis and Implementation of a Hybrid High-Power-Factor Three-Phase Unidirectional Rectifier


2011– 2012

105A Hybrid Three Phase Current Source Rectifier

For High Power Application

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

106Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic PowerGeneration Systems


2011– 2012

107

A Modified SEPIC Converter for High-Power-

Factor Rectifier and Universal Input Voltage

Applications


2011– 2012



108Dead-Time Elimination for Voltage SourceInverters


2011– 2012

109Photovoltaic Parallel Resonant DC-link Soft

Switching Inverter using Hysteresis Current Control

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

110

Switched-Capacitor/Switched-Inductor Structures

for Getting Transformerless Hybrid DC–DCPWM Converters

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

111Capacitor Balance Issues of the Diode-ClampedMultilevel Inverter Operated in a Quasi Two-State

Mode

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

112Improved Z-Source Inverter With Reduced Z-Source Capacitor Voltage Stress and Soft-Start

Capability

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

113Multistring Five-Level Inverter With Novel PWMControl Scheme for PV Application


2011– 2012

114A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System: A New

Rectifier Stage Topology

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

115Fundamental Frequency Switching Strategies of aSeven-Level Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge

Multilevel Inverter

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

116A BIDIRECTIONAL UPS INVERTERUTILISING HIGH FREQUENCY CENTER-

TAPPED TRANSFORMER

Power

Electronics/Matlab

2011

– 2012

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