“I

hereby certi

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ify that this r

wn KRP Project F

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report and thunless

Final I Building Yo

Brown Kilding YoMr. Mo

Clas

he accompans otherwise i

our Trojan Horse I

KRP Projour Trojaontana Buss of 201

nying presenindicated and

    

I Mr. Montana But

ject Finaan Horseutsch 6

ntation is myd referenced

tsch I Class of 201

al e

y own, origind.”

16

nal work in its entirety,

1 

 

 

Tabl

Int

Th

Th

Co

Co

Ca

Su

Pu

Co

Ne

Ap

le of Conten

troduction .....

he College Ad

he Undermann

ollege Athleti

ollege Selectiv

areer Constru

uccess and Ch

utting It All T

onclusion ......

ext Steps .......

ppendix .........

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nts

.....................

dmissions Pro

ning Theory:

cs: The Origi

vity: Rethink

ction Theory

hallenges: A C

ogether ........

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.....................

ocess and the

A Process to

inal Interestin

king the Cost/B

Put to Use –

CTC Case Stu

.....................

.....................

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Final I Building Yo

.....................

Role of “Inte

Leverage Int

ngness Variab

Benefit Analy

Variable #3 .

udy ................

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our Trojan Horse I

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erestingness”

terestingness

ble ..................

ysis ...............

......................

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.....................

– Variable #1

– Variable #2

.....................

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.....................

1 ...................

2 ...................

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16

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2 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

7 

7 

8 

0 

0 

2 

 

 

This SES advanof theunde

WcommHowtheir of hopersohave are vbe br

Balternadmienrolbasedyoun Hunleverstudeachiethem HypononpsportThis divercomp Methuniveand ialum

Ion thstrateor he Findinstitsuppin favadvanstudetargetransfor th

project will e(Socio-Econontage for potee individual t

erutilized. While mutual munity and ta

wever, target ylives. Additio

ow best to achonal expectatisolutions. Br

very attractiveroken more ofBy leveragingnative activitiissions officerllment amongd youth devel

ng people who

ch: Target yorage alternativent diversity aeve this goal.

mselves as com

othesis: Throprofit institutiot of rowing topaper will sh

rsity goals anpetent but soc

hodology: Reersity admissiissues impacti

mni were givenI have also ushe student by egy can aid inerself to custo

dings: Findingtutions have rort those studvor of this dentageously poents and graduet youth fail toition to colleghis phenomen

IE Brow

explore how pomic Status) sential entry into meet multip

problems of arget studentsyouth often a lonal disincenhieve upward ions, and the reaking the cye to elite schoften.

g unknown looies can play inrs as high-demg low-SES stulopment progro stand to ben

outh gain a stave sports or oand are increaBy understan

mmodities tha

ough a meta-aon - The Chic

o encourage anhow a logical d sports appe

cially/educatio

esearch for thions, universiing the targetn a long self-red the key leaway of lifetim

n decision maomers (in this

gs suggest thareduced barriedents who chomographic grosition themsuates of feedeo access thesege, only to senon is beyond

wn KRP Project F

participation istudents of conto highly seleple and symp

understandin, this can be olack an undertives to pursusocial and eccomplexities ycle of povertols—and that

opholes, maxn their collegemand commoudents, as welram), examin

nefit the most

atistically signther extracurr

asingly using nding undermat fulfill colleg

analysis of avacago Trainingnd facilitate gconnection be

etites can be suonally unpoli

is project cenity tier structu student. To creported survearnings from me earning exaking; and imp

case, univers

at target studeers to admissioose to enrollroup. Throughelves for admer preparatorye avenues effee a number o

d the scope of

Final I Building Yo

in key activitiolor (hereafterective universathetic needs

ng, identificatiovercome throrstanding of eue elite univerconomic mobiof the college

ty requires ingt such schools

ximizing oppoe applications

odities. This pll as surveys ones how this s.

nificant advanricular activitthe criterion

manning1 and cges’ needs.

ailable academg Center (CTCgreater educatetween univeuccessfully leshed applican

ntered on a meure, the role oconduct this mey. Sixty-oneFinance to p

xtrapolations;plemented Msities).

ents are in higion for these g. Regardless oh strategic use

mission to elitey schools. Howectively. CTCf them to spu

f this paper bu

Execu

our Trojan Horse I

ies or sports or referred to asities, and whto the benefi

ion, preparatiough strategiclite schools arsities includeility, as well ae admissions genuity and rs are not categ

ortunities in ths, target youth

project, based of alumni of tystem of opp

ntage in securties that appeaof ‘Interestincareer constru

mic research,C) - an organitional attainmrsity prioritieeveraged as a nts.

eta-analysis oof athletics in meta-analysise program graroperly assesutilized Corp

Marketing Str

gh demand amgroups and inof the motivee of personal e colleges—awever, for rea

C is not immuutter post enrout outlined in

utive Summa

I Mr. Montana But

offers academas ‘target’ youhy this ‘Trojait of the schoo

ion, and valuec planning on

and the lastinge longstandinas individual and financing

resolve. By hegorically bey

he marketplach are in a poson meta-anal

the Chicago Tportunities can

ring admissioal to these schgness’ to idenuction theory,

along with aization in Chi

ment among loes and studenta path to entry

of existing acaadmissions, c 59 academic

aduates compls the reasonabporate Strate

rategy to show

mong top Amenstituted new es of the instit

resources (tima status moreasons yet to b

une: we have hollment an in-the next steps

ary

tsch I Class of 201

mically preparuth or studentan Horse’ (heol and student

e-setting existn part of the pg impact these

ng (and often missues such ag process. Hoelping these n

yond their reac

ce, and bettersition to preselysis of recenTraining Centn best be unde

on to top Amehools. Univerntify candidat,2 target youth

a specific caseicago, Illinoisow-income int educational y by this coho

ademic journacollege majorc journals werleted the in-d

able impact thegy methods w how the app

erican univerpolicies and p

tution, the decme and focustraditionally

be fully explohelped prepar-depth examins for future re

16

red, first-genet/s) a key straerein defined t) is importan

t between theprospective stue institutionsmisguided) cuas family expeowever, all thniche studentsch—perhaps t

r understandinent themselvent studies relatter (a nonproferstood and u

erican universrsities are strivtes who can hh can effectiv

e study of a 10s, that uses thenner-city teensgoals; i.e., a u

ort of academi

als and studier choice, lifetire reviewed a

depth survey. hese decisions

to show how plicant can po

sities. Highlypractices to stck is now stros), target studeenjoyed by le

ored and identre many studenation of posseview.

3

eration low-ategic

as a cloakingnt yet

e elite school udent. can have on ultural views ectations, ese problemss see that theythe cycle can

ng the role s to ted to collegefit, sports-utilized by

sities if they ving to build help them vely position

0-year-old e alternative s of color. university’s ically

es focused on ime earnings,

and CTC

s could have the tenets of

osition him-

y selective trongly ongly stackedents can egacy tified, many ents to sible causes

3 

g

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Intr In andisparespoof thafformorecapathen Intereconeconreceistandthe rlimitlampfamiexperegar(inco Meahirinfrom(Tabhighby adhas20

Frommakethat contiis a r3),25 educSES papehow great All ttake ramibehinand t

oduction

n era when earities in eduonse—and in

hose considerrd their schoe diverse stuable students

became to f

restingly, thenomic, educanomic strata.ive them. Yedardized testradar of admtations (manppost’).9 Othily. These inectations for rding the coorrectly) as a

anwhile, newng process.16

m. The imporble 1)18 that sh school diplodditional res0 and prestig

m a financiale. The Hamiof basic equinues to divereal-time iss should targe

cation game?students of

er looks at ththese studenter academic

this said, theadvantage o

ifications of nd. How canthus make d

IE Brow

education is pucational attan light of a sred selective

ools while alsudent body. Is, whether vifind potentia

e only groupation, and lif7 These studet there are mting, class ra

missions teamny of these scher and perhaclude concerachievemensts/benefits oa highly rigg

w college gra6 A 2010 studrtance of edushowed a lifeoma (with fusearch.19 Addge as intercha

l perspectiveilton Project

uities, gold herge among ue. But withet applicants? How does color to ‘hac

he ways Aments can proacc, personal, a

trick to anyof loopholes the seeming

n we help yoecisions in t

wn KRP Project F

perceived asainment are study by Hame) have chanso addressinIn short, collia the classroal applicants

p that systemfe situation vdents can clemany target yanking, scho

ms at selectivchools are loaps stronger rns regardin

nt.13 This sugof attending

ged system o

aduates are stdy17 found thucation is subfetime earninurther improditionally, fiangeable wit

e, education ht (2013)22 sholdings, anddifferent stra

h admission rs even bothethe educatio

ck’ the seemerican univerctively positand econom

y successful hencountered

gly smaller doung people heir best cur

Final I Building Yo

s a way to “laa growing c

mrick and Stnged their finng on-campuleges startedoom, more into make use

matically recevariables are early benefit youth acrossol grades, an

ve enrollmenocated in the

barriers, howg affordabili

ggests that a more select

of nepotism,

truggling to hat four-yeabstantiated b

ngs boost of ovements witirms have idth human ca

has routinelyowed that th

d 10-year Treata of societrates now wr with a procon ladder tru

mingly complrsities have tion themselvic success.

hack is to fud along the wdecisions theyfrom this derrent—and fu

our Trojan Horse I

adder up” toconcern acrotage (2004)6

nancial aid pus environmed to recogniznvolved alume of this enha

eives a beneftaken into afrom utilizin

s America wnd/or outsident colleges.8 T

Northeast awever, centeity,10 proximvalue misun

tive collegesfavoritism, a

find work15

r university by salary res73% for thoth added eduentified hum

apital.21

y been toutehe return on ieasury bondsty,24 the stratell below 10cess that seeuly work? Is lex and contcreated uninves to access

ully understanway. Sadly, my make alon

emographic ffuture—self-

I Mr. Montana But

o higher sociss the world

6—many unipolicies to maents to makee the vast be

mni, or new anced system

fit from attenaccount) is stng a system

who qualify ae accomplishThis is in pa

and subsequeer on the pot

mity,11 and isnderstandings, and that thand luck.14

and employgraduates ar

search from Cose that obtaiucation). Thman capital a

ed as one of tinvestment (s (Table 2).2

tegic importa0 percent forems stacked

there a waytradictory contended opens the elite co

nd the desiremany target

ng their adolefully underst-interest?

tsch I Class of 201

ial status,3 rad (England hiversities (inake it easier

e them more enefit of impinstitutional

m of access.

ndance at ‘etudents fromthat has bee

as academicahments) but art due to insently only lotential applicsolation,12 asg exists withhe admission

yers are ratchre the most dCarnevale, Rined a bachehis study hasas the only n

the best inve(ROI) for so23As educatioance of getti

r the most seagainst them

y for academiollege admisnings for targollege system

ed end resultyouth do noescent path atand the land

16

acial and ecohere,4 Americncluding a hi

for target stamenable to

proving accel strategies. T

lite’ collegem the very loen set up speally top tier (who do not

stitutional/loook ‘under thcant and his s well as a lain this demo

ns process is

heting up elidesirable cohRose and Chelor’s degrees since been non-tradable

estments a peome collegesonal attainming a top-lev

elective collem? What is thically qualifsions systemget youth, anm and a path

t and work bot fully undeand subsequdscape in fro

4

onomic ca here5). In gh number tudents to o a wider andess to all The issue

s (after owest cifically to (based on show up on gistical

he or her

ack of high ographic perceived

tism in the hort to hire

heah (2011) e vs just a supported asset a firm

erson can s exceeds

ment vel educationeges (Table his fied, low-m? This nd suggests

hway to

backward to rstand the

uently get lefont of them

4 

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n

ft

 

 

The OvernuminstitdegrstuderecogUnivactuacontireversocio Ironiacadthat tpresirounregar The As orelatsocia‘starsmalon mtargeeffortheseundeforge Coll In Aoldethe fOncelargeUniv Withmeassuppservepostsoften

College Ad

r the past thrmber of colleg

tutions haverees) has ballents has drasgnition for itversity of Mially loweredinue to happrse discriminoeconomical

ically, the lademic performthe college yident A. Law

nded” studenrd to their “I

Underman

outlined by Btively high raal-psychologrter’ or makinll programs,

macro-level pet student usrt to improvee applicants3

ermanning thed early.

lege Athletic

America, collst U.S. colle

first annual He American e events) spoversity and S

h the dawninsure to acade

ported the stue as major resecondary opn a marketin

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dmissions Pr

ree generatioge-aged youte formed, andlooned. Howstically alterts concertedichigan in pa

d the academpen in the shanation.29 Butlly diverse st

atitude to emmance) was yard was beiwrence Hownt rather thanInterestingne

ning Theory

B. Christine Gatio of opporgical forces tng some othrather than i

program proves its tenets e one’s relat33 and are wiheory to crea

cs: The Orig

ege and athlege sports rivHarvard Yalestate college

ort on collegSports here.3

ng of large-scemics. Throuudent athleteevenue genepportunities

ng ploy adver

wn KRP Project F

rocess and t

ons, a collegth (18–25 ded the junior c

wever, highlyred the compd efforts to buart made you

mic bar for ceadows, as tht the fact remtudents and

mploy such sufirst establis

ing overrun well instituted

n just the schess” had bec

y: A Proces

Green (2005rtunities to pthat generate

her significanif those progviders, undewhen makinive level of iilling to throate one’s per

ginal Intere

letics have gvalry goes bae Boat race (es starting page campuses

5)

cale collegiaugh the Natie by creatingrators. Overin ways that

rtised as a fa

Final I Building Yo

the Role of “

e degree hasemographic)college circuy selective upetitive enviruild diversityung people inertain groupshey representmains that hiestablishing

ubjective admshed at Harvwith Jewish

d a clause thaholar. By thecome the nor

ss to Levera

5) in the contparticipate (ied initial recnt contributiogram are amaermanning thng decisions interestingne

ow money thrsonal story o

estingness V

one hand in ack to 1852,(which predaarticipating (became syn

ate sports, alional Collegig a scholarshr time, the Nt could be co

ast track to th

our Trojan Horse I

“Interesting

s become a p) has continuuit (accredite

universities aronment. Amy.27 Additionnto commods to help themt a rather disigh-achievin

g creative wa

missions critvard in 1922

students andat extended a 1960s this m

rm for all Ivy

age Interesti

text of organn activities) ruitment). Inon to the teaalgamated in

heory has eveabout how t

ess against thheir way if thof interestin

Variable

hand since t when Harvaated the Prin(with their m

nonymous wi

l colleges beiate Athletic

hip structureCAA has puonsidered exhe profession

I Mr. Montana But

gness” – Va

pre-requisiteued to rise, ued colleges tare the only amherst Collenally, Hoxbydities to helpm gain admisruptive procng universitieays to admit

teria (versusas a means

d that fundraadmissions cmove towardy League sch

ingness – Va

nized sports,will increas

n particular,am is enhancnto a single len greater imto focus his/he general a

hey qualify angness is an a

the inceptionard Universinceton v. Rumassive studeith student li

egan to consc Associationand mobiliz

ushed this naxploitative annal leagues a

tsch I Class of 201

riable #1

e to join the muniversities hthat grant twarea where tge, for one, y’s (2013) stp improve thission.28 Mocess that miges are lookinthem.

s evaluating to curb Jewiaising concecriteria to fod judging prhools.31

ariable #2

, undermannse athlete comthe likelihoo

ced if there alarge programplications o/her time andapplicant pooacademicallyapproach tha

n of the univity rowed ag

utgers Footbaent bodies anife. (See deta

sider athleticn (NCAA), uzed their athlarrative of spnd even disinand their hu

16

middle classhave grown l

wo-year assocthe increase ihas gained ntudy notes h

he student boves like thes

ght be criticing for qualifi

students purish applicant

erns would mocus on the “rospective stu

ning theory smmitment (vod of becom

are several ream.”32 Initialon the microd energy; namol. Elite schoy.34 Leveragiat can and sh

versity systemgainst Yale Uall Game of nd capacity ailed overvie

c talent as anuniversities fletic departmports as a roungenuous. Sge player sa

5

s.26 As the larger, new ciate in potential national

how the ody ratio andse will likelyized as fied,

rely on past ts.30 Fearing

mount, then-“well-udents with

suggests “a via the same

ming a elatively lly focused o level if the mely, in an ools want ing hould be

m. The University in1874). to put on ew of

n equal further

ments to ute to Sports is

alaries

5 

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n

 

 

(Tabreverevenpromtennito emtheirlife.4

Misiknowequaa bai On ageneinterwatein oris mupartiidentThe

Howa despresethis, Coll The combmosthardTablachieengincounhighappli At ththe g

ble 4) 36 rathered coaches

n making it omoting celebis’ Williams

mphasize ther success. As40 In reality, informed decwn as the 40ations - the Ait-and-switch

a more positierating or norestingness. Ger polo, and srder to becomuch easier wicipation imptities46—X-fGame of Lif

One of [aunswerviSimilarlywork harpeople bylikely thagroups (o

w can target ystination in iented by a cowith college

lege Selectiv

USNews Anbination of qt desirable an

der to gain adle 3). Undoueving upwarneering, and

nterparts wheh-end universicants,50 and

he same timegeneral cost

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er than as a min places of

onto a profesrity athletes

s sisters, whoe untold press a result, lowwhen it comcisions by st/60/80 rule4

Academic Prh resulting in

ive note, thet—and creatGreen (2005squash) as pme an athleti

when the fieldproves time-factors that rfe: an athlete’s] ing determiny, athletes tenrd over long y an investman others to bon teams).

youth better itself? Additollege’s divee degrees (an

vity: Rethin

nual Collegequantitative nd where ad

dmission to aubtedly, this rd mobility: d mathematicen it comes tsities can alsd the fact tha

e, tuition hasof tuition (b

wn KRP Project F

means to acqf high influenssional rosterfrom the mo

o hail from tssures and siw-income yo

mes to target tudent athlet1),42 practicerogress Raten a sub-optim

NCAA has ted new and 5), for exampotential key ic recruit oned is narrow a-managemenresonate wel

characteristnation to reacnd to be morperiods of ti

ment bank in be highly co

understand ttionally, howersity and spnd their subs

king the Co

e Report outand qualitati

dmission is ma top-30 schocollege armswith the exccs), a clear dto graduatesso be attributat students of

s become an broadly spea

Final I Building Yo

quire a valuance38withoutr. 39 Professiost unlikely the historicalignificant paouth of colorstudents, coes are comm

e schedules (e44 (APR)45 fmal degree,

raised the immore varied

ple, identifieaccess poin

e must be a and competint skills, strenll in the care

tics can be thch a goal, whre energetic ime—to meethe throes o

ompetitive, g

that collegew can target yport needs? Tsequent adva

ost/Benefit A

tlines the varive data (Tab

most competiool and 50 ps race reflectception of studivision exist’ lifetime eated to easier ften apply to

increasinglyaking) in the

our Trojan Horse I

able degree.3

t adequate ational sports rbackgroundlly gang-ridd

arental suppor have come

ollegiate spormonplace. Th(which oftenfurther combif any degre

mportance od opportunitied Olympic ants for many standout in otion limited.ngthens perser marketpla

hought of as hether it be wthan the ave

et, for exampof analyzing gregarious, a

is a launchinyouth apprecThe key is toantages) as t

Analysis

rious tiers ofble 5).48 Theitive. Over t

percent hardets an understudents pursuts between h

arning potentaccess to ap

o many more

y prickly subUnited State

I Mr. Montana But

37 This messttention paidreinforce this—such as mden city of Cort (along wi to view athlrt has becomhe NCAA’s n trump classbine to createe at all.

f all sports oies for prospand non-tradapplicants. uone’s field. B. Colleges alsonal focus, ace. As Shul

drive—a strwinning the erage personple, the worka transaction

and confiden

ng pad for thciate and acto get target stheir aim.

f college seleese rankings the past 10 yer to get intotanding that

uing work inhighly selecttial.49 Howevpplications, te schools tha

bject for colles has run m

tsch I Class of 201

sage is often d to the less tis message bmultiracial gCompton, Caith exceptionletics as thei

me an animalacademic els schedules),e a situation

on campus—pective studeditional sportundermanninBecoming a lso recognizand facilitat

lman and Bo

rong desire tnext game o

n, which trankload demann. In addition

nt of their abi

heir future ent on the comstudents to re

ectivity,47 whelp identif

years it has bo an Ivy Lea

education isn STEM (scietive universitver, the incrthe growing an they did in

lege-going fmore than 100

16

flaunted by than 2% suc

by consistentgolfer Tiger Walifornia—wnal talent) thir ‘way out’l that eats itsigibility rule,43 and misle

n where free

—whether revents to demots (e.g fencinng theory sustandout ine that sportstes networksowen assert i

to succeed anor closing a

nslates into ands placed on, athletes arility to work

ndeavors anmbined oppor

ecognize and

which are derfy which schbecome 39 pegue universis a key variaence, technoties and thei

rease in compnumber of i

n prior gener

families.52 Si0 percent ah

6

nationally ccess rate of tly Woods or

while failing hat underpin

to a better s own tail. es (also eading education is

venue-onstrate ng, crew,

uggests that one’s field

s s of shared in their book

nd sale.

an ability to on young re more

k well in

d not merelyrtunity d leverage

rived from a hools are ercent ity (see able in ology ir petition for internationalrations.51

ince 1981, head of the

6 

k

y

l

 

 

Consis plaobtaihighimpothe cexpethat tfinan That(200AccodecaburdMoratten Care An inin recollaand erefleexpeeducthese Carelevelto crpath on fobenea littthe lHowplann Succ Foundisadimprexpeadmiengapipel

sumer Price acing collegin credit. As

h sticker pricortant factorconclusion thensive institutarget studenncial circum

t said, financ06) and to indording to theade, but the aden (after acceover, many

nd. The Prob

eer Constru

nteresting anecent years.58

ar manufactuearning pote

ect their passectations are cation level -e young peop

eer Construcl of happinesreate a life pl

to an identifocus’ (defineefit for the sttle foresight onger-term r

wever, youngning, which

cess and Ch

nded in 2006dvantaged inrove young pectations for issions syste

aging and traline to select

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Index (CPI)ge education s a result, mae) as simplys that influenhat “findingsutions, therebnts have a ststances.

cial aid oppodividual unive Hamilton Pactual price fcounting for y elite collegblem is that t

uction Theo

nd seemingly8 This largeluring professential.60 Whasions and int

low. If arm- Table 761 Aple pursue m

tion Theory ss, you mustlan that workfied career aed as alignintudent will oand planninrepercussion

g people fromis often dep

hallenges: A

6, the Chicagnner-city teenpeople’s phycollege and

em by establaining nontrative colleges

wn KRP Project F

).53 Meanwhincreasingly

any target stuy unaffordablnce college cs from this stby seriously trong prefere

ortunities havversities usinProject (2013for many lowall levels of

ges will offertarget studen

ry Put to Us

y contradictoy reflects tarsions59—what is less cleaerests, or be

med with the AND long-tematerially dif

(CCT) by St analyze disks for you (q

arc matter signg ones focuoccur. In a cog go a long w

ns of their dem disadvantapends on adv

CTC Case

go Training Cns in the alte

ysical and embeyond. CTishing a highaditional crews that have b

Final I Building Yo

ile, the mediy out of reachudents and thle.55 In a studchoice, tuitiotudy confirmlimiting the

ence to rema

ve also risenng their endo3), ‘The stickwer- and midf aid) has risr free tuition nts and their

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your availabmarkers whico engage thot shows assehe sale becom

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n the 1960s:

dent body witsonably high

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t personal chhe young pedemonstratin? Can homewrents are wothey share a elopment of udy so that coy enough to hen assessingn directors a

our Trojan Horse I

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I Mr. Montana But

on opportuny desirable.’, present yoability to solvance.

missions andeet spots thatls need to seeof factors—

process can ution for the ective tell a vaught us howgs from Macan become

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ield of positithere is no w, fortitude, etups: leaders

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nities and rel

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ndividual has

here are seveer, current meir daily liveority for chilan young pesiblings in a

affect long-tetaken by famomes or that

bilities and pwant to hear

16

ationships th

your accompoblems’ (i.e.

on of target sctly to them. en to diversi

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velopment, bted test to obe argued as ts. As former

high-rankingbody with a clevel of menin terms of fu

s.75

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r.76 How can

10

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tudents, whoThere is a

ity and y’re already applicant, gles. Long-

mpact of orces and ase that by artners.

provided anin the familyTo more fully

students and

but no bjectively the variablesr Harvard

g students, orcertain ntal ability, future impact

ons to grit’ fail to children

re acting as wake in classpartment? es at a very rs, teachers,

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beconot mmark 2) Fu‘hapus, acollasuppramithat addit 3) Labettedefinto prproc Helpup isundepad, is oftdeteridentlife-pRalpeduc

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urther work piness’ throu

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astly, how cer path for thnition of “varactice? Howesses? There

ping low-incs an extraorderutilized patand this und

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able with theatch, and use

should also ugh various uld we, as in This inform

eryone shoulall decisionspercent.77 Crcent.

an young pehemselves inalue” in a mow should natie are infinite

ome youth odinarily compthway, via ederstanding itactic. The t

as already puthey are unawenario is the merson wrote

wn KRP Project F

e fact that the this knowl

be done to deducation an

ndividuals, remation could ld think that s. For examplearly, acqui

eople better un a cluttered ore contextuaions, states, e routes to ha

of color—paplex endeavnhanced posis invaluablearget youth ut them in thware of that fully informe, that “the t

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heir sheer stredge to bette

develop metrnd employmeact? How isalter personsuccess link

ple, in 1970iring a colleg

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med and empthings taught

our Trojan Horse I

rive for betteer position th

rics and rubrment inflectio

s work stratinal decisionsks directly toonly 1 percege degree ha

who they areng landscapeppropriate mol districts, aut in pursuing

ose who havdy hopefullyopportunitiethat require

ere face manion of the Roe. With this owered yount in colleges

I Mr. Montana But

erment is alrehemselves in

rics that betton points. Wified, and dos in ways thao earnings, buent of cab dras not resulte

e, and use thae? How can

manner78 andand commung it blindly o

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ny obstacles,ock Star79 poin mind, I p

ng person—and school

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ter define lifeWhat is the glo our terms sat align with ut youth shorivers had a ced in a differ

at knowledgtarget youth

d subsequentnity organizaone can easil

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—the student ware not an ed

16

of Interestine and career

fetime earninobal market

still hold weiwhat the fut

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onal poverty—ompelling anstination butplayers, self

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normative

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theory and

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mrick, F. A. &

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Analysis.

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xby, C., & Av

students.B

riffith, A. L., &college. E

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quality. Jo

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Economic

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                        005). Building

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Krueger, A. B.

ative earnings

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Avery, C. (201

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media/researc

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K.(2004). Coll

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(2014). Estim

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