idp class presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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INTERNALLY
DISPLACED PERSONS
IN CONFLICT AREAS
Jean-Patrick PERRIN Milena MIKAEL-DEBASS
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I. General Facts
a. Definitions : Difference between IDP/refugee
IDPs are :
“... persons or groups of persons who have been
forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or
places of habitual residence, in particular as a
result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed
conflict, situations of generalized violence,
violations of human rights or natural or human-
made disasters, and who have not crossed an
internationally recognized State border.” (UN’s
Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement)
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A refugee is :
"A person who owing to a well-founded fear of beingpersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,membership of a particular social group or political opinion, isoutside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing tosuch fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of thatcountry; or who, not having a nationality and being outside thecountry of his former habitual residence as a result of suchevents, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to returnto it..’’
(UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, asamended by the 1967 protocol)
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“Excuse me, are you an IDP, a refugee
or a migrant? Are you a victim of conflict
or another situation of violence? Oh,
you are a nomad. Are you migrating
because of conflict or because it is your
way of life?”
JordiRaich, ICRC’s head of delegation
in Sudan (2009)
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b. Types/causes of internal displacement
General causes of displacement:
- Armed conflicts/Generalized violence
- Violation of human rights
Types of forced displacement :
- The forced displacement and relocation of people to isolate and combat insurgency movements
- The grouping of population in peace villages to ensure their protection
- Altering demographic composition in some region
- The struggle for control of strategic territories, or resources
- Plus natural and human-made disasters
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c. Global and regional statistics
Source: Internal displacement monitoring centre
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IDP Service Providers
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Challenges facing IDPs
Propertyloss
FamilySeparation
Insecurity
Risk of sexual violence
Forcedrecruitment
Restrictedaccess to health
care services
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Challenges for IDP
Service Providers
• Governmentcooperation
• Access to information
WFP survey: ¼ of people surveyed not registered
• IdentifyingIDPs
Urbanpoor or migrant vs. IDP
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Challenges for IDP
Service Providers
Resettlement/reintegration
• 2006: Ugandangvt. declares
all IDPs free to return home
• More than 1.2 million
displaced in 150 camps in
Acholi sub-region
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Challenges for IDP
Service Providers
• Security in camps
• ML&E capacity
o Workshops on UN GuidingPrincipleswithspecializedgvt. Agencies
o Training large numbers of UN staff
o Implementation of follow-upactivities
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III. Situation Analysis: Case studies to illustrate challenges
a. Short termconflict-induceddisplacement : Pakistan
source: UNHABITAT
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- Situation of IDPs outside official camps is similarly critical- Organisations involved in the crisis lack reliable data to estimate IDPs’ needs.
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Organizing IDPs camps posed huge challenges
The lack of cooperation between local administration and organisations impeded aid delivery
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Colombia IDP Profile
• Cause of displacement:
• FARC, Paramilitary/government violent clashes
• Forcible appropriation of land
• Statistics:
• 3.6 to 5.9 million displaced
• 290,000 newly displaced in 2009
• 1/3 of IDP population are indigenous or Afro-Colombians
• IDP women are particularly marginalized
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Colombia- Challenges facing IDPs
• Housing
• HumanitarianAid
• Livelihoodsopp.
• Land rights
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Who is intervening?
• Funded by Norway,
Germany, Canada and
USA
• GovernmentAgencies
• Local and national NGOs
• OperationalPartners
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UNHCR Response
Threekey objectives :
• Community participation and
mobilization
• Data collection and sharing
• Improve the land registry
system and legalframework
to allow IDP to holdtitle to
their land
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National Response
• IDP issue: “Unconstitutional state of affairs” in 2004
• Extensive legislation making provisions for IDPs
• Reforms for increased resources available to municipal
authorities mandated to provide IDP services
• 2010: New administration presents a land restitution
bill to Congress
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Job opportunities
ORGANIZATIONS
UNHCR/UNDP/UNOCHA
IOM
ICRC
ECHO
USAID
IRC
AVSI
Mercy Hands
NorwegianRefugee Council
SKILLS IN DEMAND
Camp/programmanagement
ML&E
Interpreters/Translators
Medical staff
Publichealth
Finance/accounting
Agriculture/environmental