idol chem lab

8/2/2019 Idol Chem Lab

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The hydraulic pressure tank is used in hydraulic system. It functions as shock absorption, pulsation

damping, It could be used in other hydraulic device, and functions as emergency power source,

volume compensation. the pressure tank consists of shell , bladder, charging valve, valve group, and

entrance joint. Valve group, entrance joint and inner space of shell form a mixed canal of parallel

connection and series connection, is excellent in shock absorption and pulsation damping.

All hydraulic systems have a reservoir. A reservoir is similar to an accumulator, except that the

fluid pressure is constant over all fluid levels. A reservoir performs several functions. First and

foremost, the reservoir holds fluid not required by the system under any given operating

condition and accounts for fluid capacity needs over time in the system. Fluid volume needs will

vary during different operational scenarios, such as gear extension. Secondly, the reservoir

provides for thermal expansion of the fluid over the operational temperature range of the

system. Thirdly, the reservoir provides fluid to the inlet side of the hydraulic pump. Reservoir

pressurization levels are a critical aspect of reservoir installations.

Open-Channel Hydraulics deals with the design for flow in open channels and their related structures.

Covering both theory and practice, it attempts to bridge the gap that generally exists between the two.

Theory is introduced first and is then applied to design problems. In many cases the application of theory isillustrated with practical examples. Theory is frequently simplified by adopting theoretically less rigorous

treatments with sound concepts, by avoiding use of advanced mathematical manipulations, or by replacing

such manipulations with practical numerical procedures. To facilitate understanding of the subject matter,

the treatment is mostly based on the condition of one- or two-dimensional flow. The book deals mainly with

American practice but also includes related information from many countries throughout the world. Material

is divided into five main sections for an orderly and logical treatment of the subject: Basic Principles.

Uniform Flow, Varied Flow, Rapidly Varied Flow, and Unsteady Flow. There are 67 illustrative examples, 282

illustrations, 319 problems, and 810 references.

The impulse turbine extracts energy from the water by

first converting the available head into kinetic energy in

the form of a high-speed jet discharged from the nozzle.

All the pressure drop occurs in the nozzle and the runner

operates at constant static pressure. The jet is directed

on to buckets fixed around the rim of a runner, and

these are designed to remove the maximum energy from

the water. The power of a given runner may be increased

by using more than one jet.

A Venturi meter is a device for determining the flow-rate of a fluid down a pipe. One measures the

pressure difference between the venturi inlet and neck, and from this the flow-rate can be


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determined. The apparatus used on this experiment also has a number of straight tube manometers

at equally spaced intervals. These will be used to determine the hydraulic grade line of the fluid as

it passes through the manometer.

A panel board is mainly manufactured out of sheet metal with open, semi-open or complete

enclosures. The facing surface of a panel board is normally where manufacturers indicate the

provisions for voltage and current frequency per unit. Fabrication and design of the sheet metal

enclosures for most control panels are done within the unit. The layout and design of the boardis

produced, and it is then fitted with specific components and accessories. Once its completely

assembled, the panel board is tested for proper performance and applicable standards.

gate valve?

A valve that either allows or prohibits the flow of hydraulic fluid. The gate valve consists of a plate-likeobstruction that is raised and lowered into place to control the flow of hydraulic fluid.

The globe valve is used to regulate the flow of liquid in a pipeline. The most common application of the

globe valve is a standard water faucet. When the wheel (handle) is turned, a disc is lowered or raised.

When the disc is fully lowered, the water supply is shut off. When the disc is fully raised, the water flow is

at its maximum rate.

The Centrifugal Pump is primarily meant as an internal book and is aimed at technicians who work with

development and construction of pump components.

Furthermore, the book aims at our future colleagues,

students at universities and engineering colleges, who

can use the book as a reference and source of inspiration in their studies. Our intention has been to

write

an introductory book that gives an overview of the hydraulic components in the pump and at the same

time

enables technicians to see how changes in construction and operation influence the pump performance.

Orifice plate pressure drop calculator is used for flow rate measuring in pipe systems. With orifice plate, pressure

drop is created. Based on the magnitude of pressure drop, flow rate can be calculated. The pressure drop calculation


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formula for the pipe is explained in more detail below .Practical for larger tube diameters and for dirty fluid where

other methods are impractical.

The primary function of basic protractors is to measure angles between two intersecting lines, to

draw or create specific angles required in geometry, and as a ruler. For example, to measure angles,the horizontal (straight) edge is placed on one line and the angular measurement is determined by

where the other line meets the arc and the corresponding marking (degrees) on it. As most of

today's protractors have a ruler marked across their horizontal (straight) edges, protractors with such

rulers prove useful for creating angles as short or long as one needs them to be.

Manometer

an instrument for measuring the pressure of liquids and gases. A distinction is made among manometersfor the measurement of absolute pressure, which is measured from zero (full vacuum); for the

measurement of excess pressure, or the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure, whenthe absolute pressure is greater; and differential manometers, for the measurement of differencesbetween two pressures, each of which is usually different from atmospheric pressure. Pressuremeasurements corresponding to atmospheric pressure are made with barometers, whereasmeasurements of the pressure of rarefied gases are made with vacuum gauges (mainly in vacuumtechnology). Manometers with scales graduated in various units are used in the measurement ofpressure.

A governor is essentially a speed-sensitive device, designed to maintain a constant

engine speedregardless of load variation. Since all governors used on diesel

engines control engine speedthrough the regulation of the quantity of fuel delivered to the

cylinders, these governors may beclassified as speed-regulating governors. As with the

engines themselves there are many

typesand variations of governors. In this module, only the common mechanica

l-hydraulic typegovernor will be reviewed.

A hydraulic main brake cylinder is proposed, in the housing of which at least one part of the switching members of an

anti-locking apparatus is integrated. The switching members are either plunger pistons or restoring pistons or a

combination of the two, which are triggered by multiple-position valves. In this manner, not only is the structural

expense very low, but additional advantages are also attained in terms of safety. The hydraulic main brake cylinder is

particularly well suited to application in the brake system of passenger vehicles and lightweight trucks.

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