identify the president who was … 1. the first to be inaugurated at the west front of the capitol,...
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IDENTIFY THE PRESIDENT WHO WAS …
1. The first to be inaugurated at the west front of the
Capitol, in a symbolic allusion to his Western roots.
2. The only one to be sworn in west of the Mississippi River.
3. The first to be inaugurated on January 20.
4. The first to take the oath of office in Washington.
a. LBJ
b. FDR
c. Reagan
d. Jefferson
IDENTIFY THE PRESIDENT WHO,AT HIS INAUGURATION, …
1. was the first to wear a complete outfit, including shoes, made in America.
2. work a blue business suit, rather than formal attire.
3. refused to wear a hat or coat, despite inclement weather.\
a. Bush 41
b. W. H. Harrison
c. Madison
WHICH PRESIDENT…1. took the oath of office using his nickname?
2. used the word “affirm” instead of “swear” for religious reasons?
3. is the only one to take the oath of office and to administer it to other Presidents?
4. was the only person whose Presidential oath was administered by a woman?
5. had different wives at his two inaugurations?
6. had the oath administered first by his father, a notary public and justice of the peace, and 18 days later by a District of Columbia Supreme
Court judge?
a. LBJ
b. Carter
c. Taft
d. Pierce
e. Wilson
f. Coolidge
IDENTIFY THE PRESIDENT WHO DELIVERED AN INAUGURAL ADDRESS…
1. of only 135 words, the shortest on record.
2. that took 1 hour and 45 minutes to deliver, the longest on record.
3. that included the phrase, “ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country”.
4. that was the first to be broadcast live over the radio.
5. that was the first to be televised.
a. JFK
b. Truman
c. W. Harrison
d. Washington
e. Coolidge
EXECUTIVE PROPOSALS
1. plural national executive (committee)
2. executive checked by council
3. elective monarchy (Alexander Hamilton)
4. single elected president (John Wilson)
AMERICAN-STYLE PRESIDENCY
nowhere else in world or in history
unique and unprecedented
fear- that incumbent would stay in forever
Make him too weak; the Legislature will usurp his powers. Make him too strong; he will usurp on the Legislature.
Gouverneur Morris
UNITED STATES GREAT BRITAIN
written constitution unwritten constitution
republic limited constitutional monarchy
elected president prime minister from majority party
reparation of powers no separation of powers
3 branches
regularly scheduled elections no fixed date for elections
individuals major role in governing political parties role in governing
electorate elects all legislators electorate elects some legislators
civil liberties and civil rights guaranteed civil liberties and civil rights
all citizens over 18 can vote all citizens over 18 can vote
UNIFIED GOVERNMENT
one party controls both WH and Congress
1953 Reps have both branches
1969 Dems control both WH, Congress
2002 Reps have both (1 yr after Jeffords)
ex. New Deal, Great Society
DIVIDED GOVERNMEN T
when one party controls WH, other Congress
even with same party, ideological wing might cause problems
unified govt very rare (party and/or ideology)
ex. Marshall Plan, 1986 Tax Reform Plan
GRIDLOCK
when divided government results in partisanship
might not be any worse than with opposite party
might not be bad for country
UNIQUENESS OF PRESIDENCY
60 countries have party competition
16 with president directly elected by people
(13 in Americas)
Prime Minister chosen by party
(Western Europe, Israel, Japan)
most countries vote for party, not individual
OTHER COUNTRIES
Argentina 4 yrs direct election
Egypt 6 yrs nominated by leg /majority of
pop
France 5 yrs direct election
Mexico 5 yrs direct election
Philippines 5 yrs direct election
South Africa 4 yrs elected by legislature
TYPES OF PRESIDENT
Founding- Washington, Adams, Jefferson,
Madison, Monroe
Wartime- Madison, Jackson, Polk, Lincoln, Wilson, FDR, Truman, LBJ, Bush 41,
Bush 43, Obama
Tranquil- Monroe, McKinley, Eisenhower, Clinton
Expanding- Jackson, Polk, Lincoln, Cleveland, TR, Wilson, FDR, Nixon
PRESIDENTIAL CHARACTER
Presidency only powerful when
war (Lincoln, Wilson)
or personality (Jackson, TR, FDR)
Mid-1800s
Congress more powerful
(one term, no-name presidents)
PRESIDENTIAL TYPES
Artisan- Jackson, JFK, LBJ, Reagan
Guardian- Washington, Cleveland, McKinley, Truman
Rational- Jefferson, Madison, Lincoln
Idealist- Wilson
BIRTH ORDERAlfred Adler- father of birth order psychology, 1908
1st- pushed, middle- ignored, last- dependent
Burned child reaction- one child feeling neglected (usually middle)
Only children- similar to first-borns but super everything; also could be self-centered
Discouraged perfectionist- when an only child falls victim to perfection
Middle child- harder to understand, full of contradictions
“baby”- last born; “princess”- only girl; “lonely only”- only child
Last baby 5 years younger than one before- acts like only
Overindulgence- one child getting more attention (often first)
Role reversal- younger takes role of oldest when oldest has some serious disability
2 first born parents might put more pressure on 1st born child
Parents generally over-identify with child closest to parent in birth order
Child is most deeply influenced and affected by sibling just ahead of him/her
Marry people outside your birth order: ex. Oldest marries youngest
Marry people with personality traits you’re missing
Males will marry someone like their mom; females will marry someone like their dad
52% of presidents- first born; babies- 4 in number?
PRESIDENTIAL IDEOLOGY 1
F Roosevelt liberal D
Truman moderate D
Eisenhower moderate R
Kennedy moderate D
L Johnson liberal D
Nixon moderate R
Ford moderate R
Carter liberal D
Reagan conservative R
Bush 41 moderate R
Clinton moderate D
Bush 43 liberal R
Obama liberal D
CHARACTERISTICS OF NOMINEES
well-known record
free of controversy
previous elective office*
happily married
family
healthy
religious (mostly Protestant; Kennedy, Smith)
speaking ability
LAST STEPPING STONETO PRESIDENCY
Secretary of State- 7 in the 1800s, but only 3 sitting(Madison, Monroe, Quincy Adams)
Vice President- 13 overall, but only 4 in their own right (Adams, Jefferson, Van Buren, Bush 41)
Senators- 16 over history, but only 3 sitting(Harding, Kennedy, Obama)
Governors- 17 all told; right before the presidency (Polk, Hayes, Cleveland, McKinley, Wilson, FDR,
Carter, Reagan, Clinton, Bush 43)(formerly from large states; now more
obscure)
VICE PRESIDENTS
9 have become president (8 before 25th Am)
4 killed in office, 4 died in office, 1 resigned
BALANCING THE TICKET
VP generally chosen for geographic balance
(MA Kennedy and TX Johnson)
Rare exception- AR Clinton and TN Gore
PRESIDENTIAL ROLES
Chief of state
Chief Executive
Chief Administrator
Chief Diplomat
Commander in Chief
Chief Legislator
Chief of Party
CHIEF OF STATE
Ceremonial head of govt
Decorate war heroes
Throw out first ball to open baseball season
Dedicate parks and post offices
Receive visiting chiefs of state at WH
Travel on official state visits to other countries
Make personal telephone calls to astronauts
Represent nation at times of national mourning (Challenger, Columbine, 9/11)
CARTER WITH DENG XIAOPING
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
In charge of domestic and foreign policy
OBAMA IN TORONTO FOR G-8 AND G-20
CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR
In charge of executive branch
BUSH 41 WITH STAFF, 1991
Brent Scowcroft, Robert Gates, Dick Cheney, Dan Quayle James Baker, George H. W. Bush, Colin Powell
CHIEF DIPLOMAT
Spokesperson to world; foreign policy
Kennedy speaking at Berlin Wall
Reagan at Brandenburg Gate
REAGAN AT BERLIN WALL
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
Oversees 5 branches of military
BUSH’S SURPRISE VISIT TO TROOPS IN IRAQ
CHIEF LEGISLATOR
Helps shape congressional agenda
Proposes own set of policy ideas
Clinton and gays in military
Obama and health care
CHIEF OF PARTY
Leader of political party
OBAMA WITH DEMOCRATIC SENATE CAUCUS
PRESIDENTIAL HEALTH
health of president now extremely important
no longer possible to cover up to the extent of Kennedy
Not all modern presidents have released medical records though
WOODROW WILSON’S HEALTH
3 possible strokes before electionincapacitated by 1919 stroke
Massive stroke while campaigning for League of Nations
Missed 6 months of cabinet meetings
Condition kept secret from all (even VP) except:
1st lady, personal physician, private secretary, Secretary of State
FDR’S HEALTH
paralysis due to polio at age 39only 2 known photos of him in a wheelchair
EISENHOWER
2 heart attacks (gave Nixon letter of authority to act in case of incapacitation)
KENNEDY’S HEALTH
*more promiscuous with his doctors than his women
spastic colitis (intestinal problems)
osteoporosis (steroid use since 1937)
Addison’s disease (failure of adrenal glands)
malaria (after WWII)
sinusitis
prostatis
Urethritis
Testerone
Backbrace
Anti-spasmodics
Antibiotics (for prostatis and urethritis)
Procaine (for back)
Hydrocortisone
Testoterone (to increase weight)
Pain killers
L JOHNSON
ASSASSINATION ATTEMPTS
GARFIELDkilled by disgruntled Charles Guiteau
MCKINLEYkilled by anarchist Leon Czolgosz
KENNEDYshot twice by Lee Harvey Oswald
FORD2 woman try within 10 days of each other
Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme Sara Jane Moore
REAGAN
CLINTON
3 attempts in 1994 (1st- plane hit WH lawn)
BUSH 43hand-grenade thrown in Georgia
two shoes thrown,, one at a time, in Iraq
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OBAMA
3 white supremacists arrested while plotting to kill 44th president before his inauguration
PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION 11. Vice President
2. Speaker of the House
3. President pro tempore of the Senate
4. Secretary of State
5. Secretary of the Treasury
6. Secretary of Defense
7. Attorney General
8. Secretary of the Interior
9. Secretary of Agriculture10. Secretary of Commerce11. Secretary of Labor12. Secretary of Health and Human Services13. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development14. Secretary of Transportation15. Secretary of Energy16. Secretary of Education17. Secretary of Veterans Affairs18. Secretary of Homeland Security
A WHITE HOUSE CHRISTMAS
Christmas cards sent 895,000Tourists 60,000Cookies 20,000Handmade tamales 10,000Shrimp (pounds) 1,000Garland (feet) 862Cakes 700Asparagus 600Eggnog (gallons) 320Ornaments on main tree 347Wreaths 232Volunteers 73Christmas trees 33
PRESIDENTIAL HONEYMOON
ex. FDR (100-day bank holiday) LBJ (Civil Rights Act of 1964) Reagan (cut federal budget and
taxes)
death/resignation of former president helps:Truman (87%), LBJ (78%), Ford (71%)
average from Eisenhower to Bush 43- 60%
HONEYMOON APPROVAL RATINGS
1st month after 100 days
Eisenhower 68% 73%
Kennedy 72% 83%
Nixon 59% 62%
Carter 66% 63%
Reagan 51% 68%
Bush 41 51% 56%
Clinton 58% 55%
Bush 43 57% 62%
Obama 67% 65%
PRES APPROVAL RATINGS 1Average 1st yr Final
yearTruman 41% 63% 35%Eisenhower 64 74 62Kennedy 70 76 62Johnson 55 78 40Nixon 49 63 24Ford 46 75 48Carter 47 68 46Reagan 53 58 57Bush 41 61 65 40Clinton 57 50 60Bush 43 ? 68 ?Obama --- ---
APPROVAL RATINGSEvent Approval of Action
Before After
Korean War Stalemate ? ?
Bay of Pigs Invasion 73% 83%
Cuban Missile Crisis 61% 74%
Nixon’s Trip to China 49% 56%
Camp David Meeting 42% 56%
Marines Bombed in Beirut 48% 56%
Welfare Reform Enacted 39% 58%
9/11 Attacks
Wars in Iraq/Afghanistan ? ?
CLINTON’S APPROVAL RATINGS
as President shares morals
Jan 1998 58% 41%Feb 1998 72% 44%Apr 1998 67% 35%Jun 1998 60% 35%Aug 1998 67% 44%Oct 1998 65% 28%Dec 1998 65% 32%Jan 1999 69% 30%
CHANGE IN APPROVAL RATINGS
Acceptable factors Increase DecreasePresidential scandal Yes No*Expectations gap Yes NoAdministrative spin No YesEconomic conditions If bad If goodForeign policy problems Bad (if long) YesReelection campaign No YesPopularity of decline Yes No
*except Clinton
LAME DUCK
idea that president who can not or chooses not to run for reelection has no power
PRESIDENTIAL RANKINGS
Top 5 Bottom 5
1. Lincoln 1. Buchanan
2. Washington 2. Harding
3. F Roosevelt 3. Grant
4. T Roosevelt 4. Pierce
5. Jefferson 5. A Johnson
W Harrison and Garfield often not ranked due to length of term
AUDIENCES OF PRESIDENT
DC politicians compromises, cajoling
party activists/officeholdersideological speeches, raising $
the public (many of them)prepared speeches, events, press
conferences
ROLE OF FIRST LADY
No official capacity in Constitution
1. Hostess- Dolley Madison, Jackie Kennedy
2. Advisor- Nancy Reagan
3. Active Participant- Edith Wilson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Hillary Clinton
Receives $20,000 pension, Secret Service after
FIRST LADY’S SPECIAL EMPHASIS
Eleanor Roosevelt civil rights, women’s rights
Truman
Mamie Eisenhower
Jackie Kennedy renovating White House
Lucy Baines Johnson beautification program: wildflowers
Pat Nixon volunteerism
Betty Ford
Rosalyn Carter
Nancy Reagan
Barbara Bush reading, homelessness, AIDs awareness
Hillary Clinton women and children
Laura Bush literacy
Michelle Obama working and military families
WHITE HOUSE DINNERFOR PRINCE OF WALES
Celery broth with crispy rock shrimp
Newton Chardonnay Unfiltered 2002
Medallions of buffalo tenderloin
Roasted corn
Wild rice pancakes
Glazed parsnips and young carrots
Peter Michael Pinot Noir “Le Moulin Rouge” 2002
Mint romaine lettuce with blood orange vinaigrette
Vermont Camembert Cheese and spiced walnuts
Petits Fours Cake
Chartreuse Ice Cream with Red and Green Grape Sauce
Iron Horse “Wedding Cuvee” 2002
DINNER TABLE SETTINGS AND MUSIC
Clinton China and Vermeil flatware
Gold pintuck silk tablecloths
Sprays of white phaeleanopsis orchids with camelia foliage in historic WH vermeil candelabras
United States Marine Band Flute trio- East Entrance
The United States Marine Band- Grand Foyer
The United States Marine Band “Strolling Strings”- State Floor
After Dinner Entertainment: White House State Floor
Yo Yo Ma, Cellist- East Room
Kathryn Stott- Concert Pianist- East Room
The United States Marine Dance Band- Grand Foyer
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
Words first referred to a Scottish chieftain in romantic poem, “The Lady of the Lake,” by Sir Walter Scott (published in 1810)
Poem became so popular that it was quickly adopted into a London musical
Song (possibly an old Scottish air) was written for the musical by English composer James Sanderson
Adapted in US with new lyrics and name “Wreaths for the Chieftain”
1st used to honor a US president at an 1815 birthday celebration for the late George Washington
1st used by Marine Band for John Quincy Adams at 1828 groundbreaking celebration
Tyler?
Formally adopted by Dept of Defense in 1954 as official song for president
OFFICIAL LYRICS
Hail to the Chief we have chosen for the nation,
Hail to the Chief! We salute him, one and all.
Hail to the Chief, as we pledge co-operation
In proud fulfillment of a great, noble call.
Yours is the aim to make this grand country grander,
This you will do, that’s our strong, firm belief.
Hail to the one we selected as commander,
Hail to the President! Hail to the Chief!
(Repeat)
PRESIDENTIAL COMPENSATION
Salary $400,000 (subject to income taxExpense Account $50,000 (tax-free)White HouseCamp DavidAir Force One 2 airplanes designatedMarine OneHealth careSecret ServiceTravel Budget $100,000 (tax-free)Pension post-presidency (after
Truman)Office Budget post-presidency
PRESIDENTIAL SALARY 1
Constitution did not require salary for pres
Washington offered to work for expenses
instead of a salary
Many in Congress had been in the Continental Congress when then General Washington regularly submitted expense repayment requests (which were quite large apparently)
Congress immediately voted him a salary
PRESIDENTIAL SALARY 2
year per year pres in today’s money
1789 $25k $245k-$4 mill*
1873 50k Grant ?
1909 75k Taft 1.36 mill
1949 100k Truman 685k
1969 200k Nixon 900k
2000 400k Bush 43 N/A
*too difficult to convert; benefits were few
PRESIDENTIAL SALARY 3
1907 $25k stipend for expenses added
1949 $90k for expense allowance
1969 $100k for travel; $50k for expenses
2001 $50k for expenses
SOCIAL CLASS—UPPER
Upper-Upper
Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Quincy Adams, W Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, B Harrison, T Roosevelt, Taft, F Roosevelt
Middle-Upper
Polk, Kennedy, Bush 43?
Lower-Upper
Adams, Monroe, Wilson, Bush 41?
SOCIAL CLASS--MIDDLE
Lower-Upper/Upper-MiddlePierce, Hayes, Cleveland, Harding, Coolidge, Truman
Upper-MiddleJackson, Van Buren, Buchanan, Grant, Arthur, McKinley, Hoover, L Johnson, Ford, Carter
MiddleLincoln, Eisenhower, Reagan
Lower-MiddleFillmore, Garfield, Nixon
SOCIAL CLASS--LOWER
Upper-Lower
A Johnson
Lower-Lower
None
WHITE HOUSE
6 stories, 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, 28 staircases, movie theater, bowling alley (Lincoln), basketball court (Obama), tennis court
No more pool (taken out by LBJ)
CAMP DAVID
Outside pool
Tennis courts
Bowling alley
Golf course
Skeet range
Field house
Helicopter pad
SUMMER “WHITE HOUSES”
F Roosevelt Campobello (Canada); Warm Springs, GA; Hyde Park, NY
Truman Key West, FL
Eisenhower military bases: Denver, CO and Newport, RI
Kennedy owned Hyannis Port, MA (Kennedy Compound)
Johnson Johnson City, TX
Nixon Key Biscayne, FL
Ford The Lodge, Vail, CO
Carter owned Carter Compound, Plains, GA
Reagan owned Rancho del Cielo, Santa Barbara, CA
Bush 41 owned in Kennebunkport, ME
Clinton rented in Martha’s Vineyard, MA
Bush 43 owned ranch in Crawford, TX
Obama rented in Martha’s Vineyard, MA
OTHER BENEFITS
WHITE HOUSE ORGANIZATION
System of creating a hierarchical structure of people and to whom they report
PYRAMID
gatekeepers regulate access
Often Chief of Staff and assistants
ex. Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush 41, Bush 43
CIRCULAR
many directly report to pres
cabinet secretaries/assistants
ex. FDR, Kennedy, Johnson, Carter, Clinton
AD HOC
temporary and informal groups of friends and advisors
task forces, committees, informal groups
ex. Jackson, FDR, Clinton (1st term), Obama
CARTER VS. REAGAN
micromanaged delegated a great deal
unclear positions unwavering positions
flipped opinions dogmatic in beliefs
information overload an air of detachment
big picture focus little focus on details
JACKSON’S KITCHEN CABINET
Informal group of unofficial advisers that consulted in place of his official Cabinet
Power diminished after most of Jackson’s cabinet resigned in wake of Peggy Eaton affair
Secretary of State Van Buren (most influential)
Roger Taney (future SC Chief Justice)
Duff Green (editor of US Telegraph)
John Eaton
William B Lewis
Amos Kendall
F ROOSEVELT’S BLACK CABINET
1st known as the Office of Negro Affairs, informal group of African American public policy advisors
45 in number working in federal executive depts and New Deal agencies by mid-1935
Most prominent: Ralph Bunche, Mary Jane Bethune, and Truman Gibson, Jr
KENNEDY
Clark Clifford
Robert Kennedy
REAGAN
Allies and friends from California
OBAMA’S CZARS
Afghanistan Guantanamo Closure
AIDs Health
Auto Recovery Information
Border Intelligence
California Water Mideast Peace
Climate Pay (corporate compensation)
Car (auto bailout) Regulatory
Central Region (Mideast) Science
Domestic Violence Stimulus Accountability
Drug Sudan
Economic TARP (Wall Street bailout)
Energy and Environment Technology
Faith-Based Terrorism
Government Performance Urban Affairs
Great Lakes Weapons
Green Jobs WMD Policy
.
WHITE HOUSE TERMS
Propinquity- proximity/closeness to president (office, # of times seen)
Protocol- code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and precedence
POSSE COMITAS
Emergency power- inherent power exercised by pres during period of national
crisis
Federal govt needs 48 hour warning
Mandatory evacuation in disasters
National Guard- law enforcement
Federal troops- evacuation only
PRESIDENTIAL POWER
Take Care Clause- “laws faithfully executed”implied sometimes to be inherent powers:
ex. Jefferson bought Louisiana PurchaseLincoln suspended rights of prisoners
to seek judicial review of their casesLincoln imposed blockade on
Confederateshipping
Lincoln extended size of army beyond authorized levels by Congress
BARBER’S PRES. CHARACTER
Active-PositiveF Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy, Ford, Bush 41,
Clinton
Active-NegativeWilson, Hoover, L Johnson, Nixon
Passive-PositiveTaft, Harding, Reagan
Passive-NegativeCoolidge, Eisenhower
PRESIDENTIAL SCANDALS
SEXJefferson- two children with slave Sally Hemings
Cleveland- accused of fathering child but mother did not know which of her affairs caused pregnancy; assumed financial responsibility because he was the only bachelor among them
Harding- fathered illegitimate child
F Roosevelt- two known affairs, most famously with Lucy Mercer
Eisenhower- possible affair with driver during WWII
Kennedy- multiple affairs including one with Marilyn Monroe and another with a mob boss’ girlfriend
L Johnson- multiple affairs
Clinton- multiple affairs, most famously with Monica Lewinsky
CORRUPTION
Grant
Harding
Nixon
WHY GROWTH OF PRESIDENCY
mass media
influence of individual presidents
frequent need for decisive actions
increasing complexity of social/economic life
delegation of congressional authority to exec branch
war
television
personality
SOURCES OF GROWTH
1. President’s role in foreign affairs
2. ability to shape public opinion
3. position as head of the executive branch
4. claims to have inherent powers by virtue of office
WAYS OF USING POWER
Move it or lose it- push program early in term before political influence erodes
ex. Kennedy, LBJ, Clinton, Obama
Avoid details- choose 3 or 4 priorities
ex. Ford, Bush 41, Bush 43
Delegate job- choose capable assistants, give defined responsibilities and then watch
ex. Nixon, Reagan
VETO POWER
Veto message- sent to Congress within 10 days (not Sunday)
lists reasons for not singing bill
Pocket veto- president doesn’t sign and Congress adjourned no law
Line-item veto- approve some parts but not all
5 days to notify Congress
2/3 vote to override by Congress
Of 2500 +/- vetoes, only 4% overridden
PRESIDENTIAL VETOES
fewer than 10% of regular vetoes overridden
Jackson 12 more than all combined beforeTyler 10 cabinet against himA Johnson 29 differences over ReconstructionGrant 93Cleveland 584 pensions for Civil War vetsTR 82 bully bulpitFDR 635 New DealTruman 250Eisenhower 181Reagan 78 Democratic CongressClinton 30 Congress overrode 2
PRESIDENTIAL VETOS 1Reg Pocket Total Overridden %
Washington 2 0 2 0 0%
J Adams 0 0 0 0 0%
Jefferson0 0 0 0 0%
Madison 5 2 7 0 0%
Monroe 1 0 1 0 0%
J Q Adams 0 0 0 0 0%
Jackson 5 7 12 0 0%
Van Buren 0 1 1 0 0%
W Harrison 0 0 0 0 0%
Tyler 6 4 10 1 10%
Polk 2 1 3 0 0%
Taylor 0 0 0 0 0%
Fillmore 0 0 0 0 0%
PRESIDENTIAL VETOS 2Reg Pocket Total Overridden %
Pierce 9 0 9 5
Buchanan 4 3 7 0
Lincoln 2 5 7 0
A Johnson 21 8 29 15
Grant 45 49 94 4
Hayes 12 1 13 1
Garfield 0 0 0 0 0%
Arthur 4 8 12 7
Cleveland 346 238 584 1
B Harrison 19 25 44 0
McKinley6 36 42 1
T Roosevelt 42 40 82 1
Taft 30 9 39 1
PRESIDENTIAL VETOS 3Reg Pocket Total Overridden %
Wilson 33 11 44 6
Harding 5 1 6 0 0%
Coolidge 20 30 50 4 8%
Hoover 21 16 37 3
F Roosevelt 372 263 635 9
Truman 180 70 250 12
Eisenhower 73 108 206 2
Kennedy 12 9 21 0 0%
L Johnson 16 14 30 0 0%
Nixon 26 17 43 7
Ford 48 18 66 12
Carter 13 18 31 2
Reaga n 39 39 78 9
PRESIDENTIAL VETOS 4Reg Pocket Total Overridden %
Bush 41 29 17 46 1
Clinton 36 1 37 2
Bush 43
Obama
APPOINTMENT POWER
“Plum Book”- nickname of publication of all executive branch positions listed
(plum assignments for president’s friends
I was like a sea captain who finds himself on the deck of a ship that he has never seen before. I did not know the mechanism of my ship, I did not know my officers—and I had no acquaintance with the crew.
a political appointee
FAMOUS US AMBASSADORSJohn Adams United Kingdom, NetherlandsJohn Quincy Adams UK, Russia, Netherlands, GermanyGeorge Bush 41 United NationsPatrick Buchanan Russia, UKShirley Temple Black Ghana, CzechoslovakiaMadeline Albright UN, Czech RepublicBenjamin Franklin France, SwedenHenry Cabot Lodge UN, GermanyJohn EisenhowerJohn Kenneth Galbraith IndiaJoseph Kennedy Sr UKRobert Todd LincolnDouglas MacArthur IIWilliam Howard Taft PhilippinesJohn Jay SpainWalter Mondale JapanAndrew Mellon UKClaire Booth Luce ItalyDonald Rumsfeld NATO
WARTIME POWERS
Commander-in-chief- usually command delegated to military subordinates can use power to make undeclared war
Chain of command- line of authority along which orders are passed, often used in regards to military institutions
Covert operations- secret military incursions (coup, invasion); ex. Guatemala (Ike), Panama (Bush 41)
Overt operations- open and public shows of force (invasions); ex. Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan
US TROOP DEPLOYMENT*
Germany 57,000**
United Kingdom 10,000
Italy 10,000
South Korea 27,000
Japan 32,000
Iraq 50,000
Afghanistan 100,000
Kuwait 11,000
Cuba 1,000
Alaska 19,000
Guam 3,000
*circa 2010 **2/3 of all in Europe
RECOGNITION
Legal existence of a nation and its govt
Used as a weapon in foreign relations
Countries can be given recognition or non-recognition
Soviet Union, Mexico, China, Iran, Iraq given non-recognition status at some point
EXAMPLES
Yes NoFrench Republic 1789 China (before 1979)Texas Republic 1836 Cuba (after 1959)Haiti 1810 North Korea (never)Liberia 1820 Taiwan (1979-after)Vietnam 1950, 1995 Libya (1981-2006)Israel 1948 Abenaki Indians (VT)Panama 1903 Baltic states (WWII+)Laos 1950-1953 Palestine (never)Cambodia 1950-1953China 1979Taiwan 1912-1979Cuba 1898-1959Kosovo 2008
SIGNING STATEMENTS
Definition- written explanation issued in conjunction with signing of a law and detailing how law is to be applied; a type of executive order (no congressional
oversight)
Types- rhetorical (this is a great law)political (this law meets the need of working families)constitutional (I’m signing this law, but won’t enforce section 2)
Why increase- paper by then Reagan staff attorney Samuel Alito advocating their use to “increase the power of the Executive to shape law”
Significance- last word on a bill’s interpretation; Congress a little sore
Washington to Carter 75 (all combined)Reagan 72Bush 41 232Clinton 140Bush 43 800 plus
PRESIDENTIAL LEGACY
Events make the presidency or
the person makes presidency
Jackson- every president was like him or tried to be (common roots, promises of reform, pledged to put interests of
ordinary citizens above all else)
WASHINGTON’S PRECEDENTS
Oath of officeChoosing cabinetGiving Inaugural Address, State of the Union and Farewell
Address upon leaving officeHand on Bible “So help me God”No personal visits to CongressAttendance at inauguration of succeeding president
(bowing instead of shaking hands—Jefferson)
POST-PRESIDENCY
ie., what presidents do after leaving office (other than die):
Lobbyist
Law firm
Lecture circuit
University teaching
Corporate job
Corporate BOD
write memoirs and build a presidential library
Exceptions:
Quincy Adams- US House
Taft- US Supreme Court
EXAMPLES
Bill Clinton- $10 million book deal, $100k each speech
Hillary Clinton- $8 million book deal
Secretary of State Colin Powell- $6 million book, $100k per speech
NASA Chief Sean O’Keefe- LSU chancellor ($158k)
CIA Director George Tenet- $4 million for memoirs
EPA Director Christine Todd Whitman- consulting firm
JOHNSON
NIXON
FORD
CARTER
REAGAN
BUSH 41
CLINTON
BUSH 43
.
OBAMA
Bush 43 humor
The governor of California is new to politics, so he's still getting used to all the cameras and lights.
Vice President Dick Cheney spent the day campaigning in Minneapolis and Wichita, but he's recently completed another important assignment. Once again I put him in charge of my vice presidential search committee.
OBAMA WITH PARENTS AND SISTER
PRESIDENTS AND TRAGEDY
Pierce- lost all 3 sons before entering White House
Lincoln- fiance and 1 son died
Coolidge- oldest son died from tennis-induced blister
Kennedy- brother killed in WWII
Bush 41- lost daughter