identify the events you learned about in the moderate phase on the timeline that i provided to you...
TRANSCRIPT
• Identify the events you learned about in the Moderate Phase on the timeline that I provided to you on Handout 2a!!!
OpeningTask
• Chronicle the events of the Moderate Phase of the French Rev
• Analyze the PERSIAGM effects of the French Revolution on Europe
1. Moderate Phase (National/Legislative Assembly) 1789-1791– France becomes a
Constitutional Monarchy
2. Radical Phase 1792-1794– Reign of Terror
3. The Directory 1795-1799
4. Age of Napoleon 1799-1815
G = Gov action FM = French Mob action
1. Great Fear starts after Bastille Day (FM)
2. NA writes Dec Rights of Man in S-1789 (G)
3. Women’s March on Versailles in S-1789 (FM)
4. NA takes power from Clergy (G)
5. June 1791, Louis XVI caught fleeing France (G)
6. Constitution of 1791 (G) Legislative Assembly made (EG-NA-LA)
7. War begins when France reacts to Declaration of Pillnitz (G)
8. Great Fear inside from 1789-1792 gets worse and worse (FM)
• King has no answers for bankruptcy scare…hmm
• His next action will open the door to revolution that he won’t be able to close
• Estates General in 1788– Jacques Necker, Nobles
and Bourgeois ask for the EG to be called
– Hasn’t met in 175 years!!!• Cahiers are created in
early 1789– Each estate throughout
France makes one to send to the Estates General
– What is a Cahier?– Everyone gets in on this!!!
• Clergy’s Grievances– True monarchy kept
• Upholds law• Laws must be made with
his consent
– Estates General should exist too • King has right to call it…• at least every 5 years• Vote by order/head?
– No tax w/o consent of nation
– Every citizen has sacred right to personal liberty and to property…
• Nobility’s Grievances– Personal Liberties (person &
property)• Writ of Habeas Corpus, Trial,
Speech and Press (w/except)
– Taxes = only w/consent– One code of laws for all– National Education for all– Constitution should be made
that makes indissolvable EG• EG has Leg power…• King = ???
– Military oath should be to king and…
• 3rd Estate Grievances– No nobility…No Serfdom– Rights…Writ of Habeas Corpus– Taxes…should be for the good of the country
• Corvee (peasant chores) & banalite (peasant dues) OUT• All should be taxed• Taille replaced with land tax!! (salt tax )
– Justice System be reformed• Merit system and positions for all
– Military Reform• Nobles are not exempt from service• Joining should be voluntary
– Old Privileges eliminated• Hunting rights extended
• 1st Estate/Order = 300 Members (some liberal)
• 2nd Estate/Order = 300 Members (some liberal)
• 3rd Estate/Order = 600 Members (most are lib)
• Big Issue is?– Vote by
• Order• Head
• Break off the EG and become…– National Assembly
• “we are majority”• “we represent France”
• What else does the NA do?– Invites other 2 estates to
join…do they join?
• To make a Constitution
• What does Louis XVI do? –Tries to lock them
out of their meeting hall
• What does the NA do?
• What gives them the right?• What don’t they have? What can Louis XVI do
to them?• Who bails them out?
• When?– July 14, 1789
• What causes it? (2)– Rumors of French army coming!!!!!!!!– Jacques Necker fired
• French mob reacts to rumors– Goes to Bastille for ammo– Mob takes over fort– Tons of Bloodshed
• Sans-Culottes– Working poor
of 3rd estate– Urban– Very Radical– Large % of
population in Paris
– “Mad as hell and...”
• Think PERSIAGM– Royal Power looks
weak• Louis XVI does
NOTHING– National Assembly is
saved…• sword bails out pen
• What happened?
• Who are they?• Why did they leave?• When they escape
to surrounding countries, what do they do?
• What do they want?
• What is its impact??• How will other European
Monarchs feel? How will they react?– Close borders– Control their “3rd estates”– Plot to help Louis XVI
• Especially Austria…why?
• Moderates (in charge) make – National Guard
• Protest groups• Political Clubs…• Newspapers
– Jean Paul Marat’s “The Friend of the People”• Will tell Sans-culotte what to do• Literary Terrorist
• What actions did they perform in unison?
• National Assembly from 1789 to 1791– EG-NA-LA-NC
• Mob revolts push NA to act fast
• First big action by NA is…– August 4 1789 =
____________is abolished
– Nobles lose tax and legal privileges
• Completed Late August 1789
• Modeled after…?• Pair Work…• Big proclamations?
– Protect natural rights– Equality– Any French man can
hold office– Fairer taxes– Freedom of Speech,
Press, Religion• Problems w/ Dec?
• Not accepting the reforms
• Plans to retake Paris from NA and Radicals
• Thinks Palace of Versailles protects him…ha!!!
• Bread for starving children
• Marie Antoinette’s blood!! (Louis too)– Why?
• Hated Marie for being a symbol of extravagance
• Details of it?–1st estate loses…
•
• Power…how?
• Reaction to it?–RC Church is
MAD!!!
• Why is this a big deal?
• It will last for less than 1 year!!
• Type of Gov Created…– 3 branches
• National Assembly (NA) is now called…– Legislative Assembly (LA)
• One chamber Leg...• King = ???
• Who could vote?• Rights?
• Think Pyramid…who made it?– Bourgeois (Lawyers)
and Nobles
• Only taxpaying male citizens vote
• Few men are eligible for LA
• Nobles get back land from peasants
• But this 1st Constitution is already threatened before it is done!– Louis XVI…– External
Enemies…– LA is splitting
• NA does not promise Constitution will keep him as King
• Marie Antoinette = Secret Agent• Flee on June 20, 1791• Goal of this journey?• Axel von Fersen leads the
escape!!!• Royal family disguised as
servants• Halfway through trip, Louis
makes von Fersen leave…why?
• Stopped close to Belgian (Why Belgium?) border
• Royalist troops come to HELP HIM
• Louis chooses not to have armed conflict and waits
• National Assembly orders him to be returned
Left = Mountain (Libs/Radicals)
Center = Girondins (Moderates)
Right = Conservatives or Royalists
-Sans-culottes supported them-mostly middle class lawyers-Biggest group-growing in power
-Wrote the Constitution-want moderate change
-Want the country to go back to the old absolute monarchy
• Led by Maximilien Robespierre, George Danton and journalist Jean-Paul Marat
• Made Late August 1791
• Made by…– Austrian
Emperor Leopold II
– Prussian King Frederick William II
• What did it say? What did it NOT say?
• Overzealous Legislative Assembly reacts– France declares war
on Austria in April 1792– Then Prussia– Then GB