IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD

EXTRACTIVES FROM POPULUS

MAXIMOWICZII

LEWANDOWSKA ANNA ,

SZADKOWSKA DOMINIKA , SZADKOWSKI JAN, WITCZAK ADRIAN ,

ZIELENKIEWICZ TOMASZ , RADOMSKI ANDRZEJ

Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Wood Technology

Biofuels

II generation

Bioethanol - obtained from the preparation processes of

lignocellulosic biomass (with the exception of the raw

materials intended for human consumption) by

advanced hydrolysis and fermentation processes

Biogas

Biodiesel

Biohydrogen

Phot. E. Archanowicz

The chemical composition of

woodStructural components:

•cellulose

•hemicelluloses

O-acetyl-O-methyl-glucuronoxylan

•ligninI – p-coumaryl alcohol

II – coniferyl alcohol

III – synapinyl alcohol

The chemical composition of

woodNon structural:

•hydrocarbonsmonotherpens, sesquitherpens, ditherpens, tritherpens

•Fatty acidsFree acids, fats, waxes

•alcoholssteroles and theirs esthers (waxes)

•Aromatic hydrocarbons

•Phenolic substances•tannins

•hydrolising (gallic and ellagic acids)

•flavonoids, condensed tannins (base structure C6C3C6)

•stilbens, (base structure C6C2C6)

•lignans, (base structure (C6C3)

•Resin acids (ditherpenoids)

•tropolons (ring C7)

Phenols substances

benzyl

alcohol

p-hydroxybenzaldehyde

acid p-cumaric

Syryngyl

aldehyde

2-phenylethanol

Acethyl vanilin

genthyzyl

alcohol

Pherulic acid

Phenols substancesGlycosides

populine

tremuloidyne

salicyne

salirepozyde

trichokarpine

Fatty acids

The largest amount occurs in the form of triglycerides, waxes,

and also esters of therpene alcohols (Fengel i Wegener 2003).

linoleic acid

oleic acid

lignoceric acid

Steroles

Kostamo et al. in 2004, found that plant sterols can interfere

with the hormonal systems of aquatic organisms.

β-sitosterol

citrostadienol

β-sitosterol glicozide

Extractives in Populus (Salicaceae)overview:

• There is no tannins in poplar wood, but in bark there is about 2%

•Phenolic glycosides are important group in leaves and bark

•Extractives from bark and leaves have often antibacterial

properties

• Trichocarpin is an important resistance factor on degradation

in poplar bark

•Pyrocatechol is fungicidal factor

•Presence of steroles for example β-sitosterol and citrostadienol is

characteristic for poplar

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess which

substances or groups of substances

acknowledged as inhibitors of

enzymatic hydrolysis may be separated

with extraction methods. GCMS method

was applied for the analysis.

Methods

Wood particles from Populus

maximowiczii: 0,43-1,02 mm

Solvent extraction:

hot water- ethyl alcohol-

cyclohexane

cyclohexane- ethyl alcohol-

hot water

GCMS analysis

Results: extractives

Results from GCMS

Water

Water, ethanol

Water, ethanol, cyclohexane

1) 2H-Pyran-2-one 2) Butanal3) 2-Pentene4) Heptanal5) 1-Propyne6) Ethyl iso-allocholate7) Glycerol 1-palmitate8) Stigmastan-3,5-diene9) Benzoic acid10) Phenol11) Ethanone12) Spiro[androst-5-ene-17,1'-cyclobutan]-2'-one13) 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol14) Coprostan-16.beta.-ol15) Propane

16) Tetradecanamide ; 17) 9-Octadecenamide ; 18) Glycerol19) 9-Octadecenamide ; 20) Stigmastan-3,5-diene

Results from GCMS

cyclohexane

cyclohexane, ethanol

cyclohexane, ethanol, water

1) Beta.-Sitosterol

2) Stigmast-4-en-3-

one

3) Benzaldehyde

4) 2-Pentene

5) 4,22-

Stigmastadiene-

3-one

6) Olean-12-en-3-

one

7) Stigmast-4-en-3-

one

8) Stigmasta-3,5-

dien-7-one

Conclusions

Removing sterols seems to demand

cyclohexane as a extraactive solvent

Ethanol is the best solvent to remove lignin

degradation products

Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments are necessary

to confirm dependence of hydrolysis rate

on extractives content.

Preferable methods of removing extractives use

water as commonly available solvent

Alcohol for extraction can be taken from

fermentation products, with recycling the solvent

during rectification.

Investigations financed in BIOSTRATEG2/298241/10/NCBR/2016 project “Intelligent systems for breeding and cultivation of wheat, maize and poplar for optimized biomass production, biofuels and

modified wood” by National Centre of Research and Development

PBS1/A8/16/2013 "The use of poplar lines with increased growth of biomass and improved chemical composition of wood in paper and biofuel technology"

IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD

EXTRACTIVES FROM POPULUS

MAXIMOWICZII

LEWANDOWSKA ANNA ,

SZADKOWSKA DOMINIKA , SZADKOWSKI JAN, WITCZAK ADRIAN ,

ZIELENKIEWICZ TOMASZ , RADOMSKI ANDRZEJ

Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Wood Technology