identification of fibers

Identifications of fiber

Assignment# 01

Report of Identification of

textile fibres

Name: Rafiq Lakhyar

Discipline: TMM-01A

Submitted to: Sir Imran Raza Malik

Submission Date: 27-Mar-2015

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There Are Some Fibers and Its Identifications by

Burning test

Chemical test

Microscopic views

1. Cotton 2. Silk3. Wool4. Flax/linen5. Polyester6. Nylon7. Acrylic8. Rayon

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COTTONBurning TestFlame: Orange

Odor: Paper burning like odor

After burning it’sconverting into ashes gray or black powder

Chemical TestAt 45 °C, 75% zinc chloride solution dissolves cotton that has not been mercerized.

Microscopic ViewThe cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a microscope, it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbon like tube with rough granular surface. The finishing process makes them swollen, straight, smooth and round with a shining surface.

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WOOLBurning TestFlame: Orange/sputtersOdor: Hair burning like odorAfter burning it’s converting into black ashes/crumbles

Chemical Test

At 100 °C, a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves wool protein fibers dissolve only partially and very slowly

Microscopic ViewWool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multi cellular structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope, three basic layers are shown- epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle layer) and medulla (inner layer). Medulla is seen only in coarse and medium wool fibers and that too under a highly powerful microscope.

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SILK Burning TestWhen we burn silk it’s create orange flame.Hair burning like odorAfter burning it convert black ashes

Chemical TestAt 20 °C, 60% sulfuric acid dissolves silk At 100 °C, a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves silk and reconstituted protein fibers dissolve only partially and very slowly.

Microscopic view Raw silk fiber, composed of two filaments, has elliptical shape under the microscope. The two fine and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape. Wild silk or tussah fiber has different appearance than the cultivated silk. It is flattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine, wavy lines all across its surface whereas cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks on it..

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LINEN/FLAX Burning TestYellow-orange flame and Linen is easily extinguished like candleThe ashes Very brittleGrass burning like odor

Chemical TestLinen Dissolved in 70% solution of sulphuric acid at the temperature of 38 degree in 20min.

Microscopic view Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like having multiple sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filaments show nodes at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo stick having joints that result into a little unevenness.

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POLYESTERBurning TestWhen polyester burn it’s creating orange, sputters and drips,

Sweet and fruity odor

The extinguished ash is hard

Chemical TestPolyester Dissolved in 100% solution of meta-cresol at the temperature of 139 degree in 5m.

Microscopic view: Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round cross sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its appearance changes in context of texture and luster.

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NYLONBurning TestWhen we burn nylon it’s create blue flame.

Plastic Burning like odor

After burning it convert round, black bead ashes.

Chemical TestAt 20 °C, concentrated (12 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon Less concentrated (6 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon.

At 20 °C, 60% sulfuric acid dissolves nylon.

Microscopic viewThe basic microscopic appearance is generally fine, round, smooth, and translucent. It is also produced in multilobal cross-sectional types. There are many variants of nylon fiber. However, generally it appears fine, round, smooth and translucent. Sometimes it has shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted under the microscope.

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ACRYLICBurning TextWhen acrylic burn it’s create white- orange flame and black smoke

Burnt meat like odor or acrid like smell

After burning convert into hard ashes

Chemical testAcrylic fibers will dissolve in 70% solution of ammonium thio cyanate at 130 degree temperature.

Microscopic view It exhibit slight irregular striations along its length due to the crinulate cross-

section of the fiber, one depression along its length in the case of the dog-bone cross-section

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RAYONBurning TextYellow-orange flame, burns evenly, does not smolder, no smoke

The burning smell like a burning leaves or paper

Leaves only a slight ash

Chemical testRayon Dissolved in 38% solution of hydrochloric acid at the temperature of 24 degree in 5min.

Microscopic view: Rayon fiber has uniform diameter with glass like shine. If delustered then rayon fiber shows marks similar to pepper, when viewed cross sectionally. Viscose fiber of rayon looks irregular when viewed cross sectionally.

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Bibliography of Report

http://www.customs.go.jp/ccl/e_etc/3.htm

http://www.slideshare.net/tahmidurrahman52/identification-of-textile-fibers?qid=adaa42d6-7217-4997-b71d-b8723f6f520e&v=qf1&b=&from_search=1

http://www.slideshare.net/suniltalekar1/25-textile-testing-methods?qid=c953c944-5727-4460-b9ca-3fb3de03bf55&v=default&b=&from_search=6

http://www.microlabgallery.com/gallery/Rayon13b2XSecfixed.aspx

http://makezine.com/laboratory-67-test-fiber-specimens/

http://www.google .com

Class Lecture…

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http://www.customs.go.jp/ccl/e_etc/3.htm

identification of fibers

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