Firm’s Concentration Analysis Using Spatial

Deviational Ellipses

NOORDINI BINTI CHE’MAN

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Outline

1. Introduction2. Concentration Analysis3. Spatial Deviational Ellipse (SDE)4. Data and Study Area5. Application – analysis and result6. Discussion and Conclusion

Concentration Analysis

• The analysis used a Spatial Deviational Ellipse (SDE) approach which is a statistical analysis tools to identify spatial patterns of firms.

• This approach is a summary tool used to indicate an overall dispersion pattern and directional orientation.

• The results of the analysis indicating trend of the firm’s spread during 1990 to 2007.

SDE• SDE derived from the

standard distance calculation. It is an ellipse which x-axis is twice the standard deviation of the x values, extending one standard deviation in both directions along the x-axis from the mean center.

Minor axis

Major axis

Ѳ Ѳ

•The y-axis also calculated in the same way as the x-axis. SDE has a capability to measure the orientation of distribution.

Study area

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Klang Valley region

Gombak

Hulu Langat

PetalingKlang

Kuala Lumpur

B1

LEBUHRAYA KARAK

JAL

AN

LA

NG

AT

CA

DA

NG

AN

LE

BU

HR

AY

A B

AR

AT

LA

UT

LEBUHRAYA LEMBAH KLANG SELATAN

JALA

N S

UN

GA

I TUA

JALAN KAPAR

JAL

AN

ME

RU

JALA

N A

YER

HIT

AM

JAL

AN

SG

. LA

LA

NG

LEB

UH

RA

YA

KU

AL

A L

UM

PU

R-P

UT

RA

JAY

A

LEBUHRAYA SHAH ALAM (KESAS)KAJANG RING ROAD

JALA

N K

EB

UN

LEB

UH

RAYA LIN

GK

AR

AN

TEN

GA

H (E

LITE)

JALA

N B

EN

TU

NG

PUTRAJAYA LINK

JAL

AN

KU

CH

INGJA

LAN

CIK

U

LEBUHRAYA UTARA SELATAN

JALAN SEMENYIH

JALAN B

ANGI

JALAN AMPANG

JALAN R

AJA MUDA M

USA

JALAN SU

BAN

G

LEBUHRAYA PERSEKUTUAN

JALAN BUKIT KEMUNING

JALAN SUNGAI PULOH

JALAN

2C

JAL

AN

BA

RU

B1

5

JALAN 6/27A

JAL

AN

P/1

JALA

N 5

9

JALAN MUSRAN

JALA

N P

AR

AN

G

JALAN SS 7/2

JALAN DESA

JALAN

RAYA D

UA

JALAN KUARI

J AL

AN

US

J 3

/4

JAL

AN

8/1

54

J AL

AN

SS

13

/1K

JALA

N 1

JALAN UTAS 15/7

JAL

AN

PJU

3/3

1

JALAN 2/125

JALAN P4/6

JALAN 10

JALA

N P

UC

HO

NG

PutrajayaHighway

Major Road

Klang River

Legend

Klang Valley Area

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Major Road

Highway

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Kuala Lumpur

GIS DATABASE

GIS Database

Data Source• Klang Valley Federal

Territory• Department of

Statistics Malaysia• Company

Commission Malaysia

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Firm’s Concentration Analysis

• This analysis was carried out to explore the directional bias among the firms. If a set of points processes directional stretch in distribution, then there will be a direction with a maximum spread of the points.

• This is the longer axis of the ellipse. Another axis perpendicular to the longer axis (i.e., major direction) is the direction with the minimum spread of the points. Thus, the SDE of these units can provide information on the directional bias of their locations or expansions which could clearly indicate the direction of urban growth

ResultYear CenterX CenterY XStdDist YStdDist Rotation

1990 411435.217 348057.886 6023.039 4030.593 162.8551991 411376.521 348467.580 6189.625 4174.917 165.1231992 411377.951 348342.390 6286.793 4145.637 164.3931993 411303.225 348352.564 6097.961 4092.545 162.5371994 411294.640 348328.907 6258.677 4191.969 164.2441995 411194.915 348254.163 6334.743 4257.661 164.2421996 411261.353 348192.360 6529.183 4233.586 164.6381997 411204.103 348321.613 6553.898 4329.971 163.8721998 411169.092 348110.039 6707.397 4323.515 167.9351999 411025.823 347985.383 6669.533 4234.026 168.2942000 412751.284 348305.109 1929.054 1454.650 130.1032001 412545.051 349957.609 2057.439 1344.858 167.3302002 408295.952 349852.367 4239.992 2100.937 157.3382003 407682.669 353633.312 4564.027 2994.115 134.0422004 414176.391 350242.598 2281.858 5107.248 3.3812005 413908.255 343332.711 2857.101 5100.964 5.9202006 410482.150 342251.181 2726.687 4882.575 5.4842007 407400.111 347297.950 4764.592 3201.956 172.517Table 1 : Result on analysis using SDE tools in ArcGIS.

Result

• Based on Table 1, the angle of rotation is all positive which shows rotated y-axis is the longer or major axis and the longer axis rotates clockwise from north.

• From the results, the change in orientation was most significant in 2007. The standard deviation along the y-axis was largest in 2004 and along the x-axis was largest in 1998.

• In year 2000 it was an extreme change of orientation compare from year 1990 to 1999 which have almost similar trend.

1990 1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 1996 1997

1998 2000 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005

1999

2006 2007

Conclusion and Discussion

• The location and agglomeration of firms are determined by many factors which seems to vary by business sector and city.

• The concentration and specialization of a firm in certain areas reflect the importance of types of businesses in the region

Thanks for your attention

NOORDINI BINTI CHE’MANDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, FAB, UTM