icts and climate change mitigation in the context of emerging economies presentation at ictd 2010...
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ICTs and climate change mitigation in the context of emerging economies
Presentation at ICTD 2010Session 1206 “ICTs, Climate Change and Development”London, 13 December 2010
Helen [email protected]
Emerging Economies’ Climate Change Challenge
• Rapid development• Infrastructure investments• Increasing domestic consumption • Workshops of the world Major increase in GHG emissions
• Poverty • Energy poverty• Limited access to public services• Lack of infrastructure Catch-up growth needed
Need for low carbon growth
Developing countries account for 50 percent of global GHG emissions
By 2030 this figure is expected to rise to 65 percent
India 1.1 t > 1.4 t
China 2.7 t > 4.9 t
Australia 17.2 t > 17.9 t
USA 20 t > 18.9 t
Japan 9.5 t > 9.8 t
Per capita emissions 2000 > 2007
South Africa 8.2 t > 8.8 t
Developing countries less than 0.5 t
Low carbon growth path
• Inequalities in GHG emission accounts mirror the relationship between economic growth, industrial development and access to modern energy services
• Need to expand provision of affordable energy and other crucial public services to the world’s poor
• Need to reduce growth in greenhouse gas emissions
Need for low carbon growth and for technological ‘leapfrogging’
Technologies are already available
… but suitable for emerging economies?
Carbon footprints
Developing countries Developed countries
Key opportunity areas
• Low-cost energy efficient ICT devices• Energy generation and distribution• Urban centres of consumption• Land-use change and deforestation• Production and international trade
of goods
ICT-based solutions that reconcile growth imperative with urgent necessity to mitigate further growth in greenhouse gas emissions
Energy generation and distribution
• The challenge– Rapidly rising demand for energy
– High carbon intensity of supply
– High grid losses
– Rising energy costs
– Need for large investments
• Decarbonising energy supply & demand– Reducing reliance on centralised generation
– Improving grid efficiency through active monitoring
– Support energy saving through smart meters
• Example of technologies and services– Meters and energy accounting software for
monitoring energy consumption
– Protocols for grid-wide system interoperability to support integration of renewable/distributed energy
Recommendations
• Clear opportunity for ICT-enabled climate change mitigation in emerging economies
• Technology transfer
– Broader deployment of ICT in developing and emerging economies
• Building innovative capacity
– Transform developing countries to become low-carbon technology producers and innovators
– Foster competitiveness of local industries and create new business opportunities
– Catalyse domestic capacity to adapt and develop technologies and help diffuse innovations
Catching up or leading the way?
• North Delhi Power Limited – Distributes electricity to five million people in the Delhi
metropolitan area– Invested in smarter grid to reduce energy losses from 54
percent to less than 18 percent over the past 5 years
• Chery Automobile Co., China– Partnering with the Danish ICT company Better Place to co-
develop prototype electrical vehicles and charging stations– China has set industrial policy with the objective of becoming
the largest EV developer and manufacturer in the world
Enabling effect of ICT
• Dematerialisation – Replacing physical goods, processes or travel with ‘virtual’ alternatives
– E.g. video-conferencing or e-commerce
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication– Underlying enabler of a large share of GHG emission savings identified
through process optimization
– E.g. smart grids, smart logistics, smart buildings, or smart motor systems
• Systemic impacts– Behavioural effects such as new habits and consumption patterns that humans
develop as a result of ICT use
– Consumers control or influence 60 percent of all GHG emissions (of which 35 percent are under direct consumer control through their own consumption and use)
Production and international trade of goods
• Around one-quarter of the growth in developing country emissions since 2000 was associated with international trade
• China: 30 % of the growth in emissions between 1990- 2002 attributable to the production and international trade of exports
• Opportunities– cross-border transportation and
logistics– manufacturing in emerging
economies
SMART Grids: The Role of ICT
Source: GESI and The Climate Group, 2008