ict google big query vs hadoop trending new technologies

TECHNOLOGY

ICT WITHIN SPORTS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION COMBINING THE “TWITTER” AND “APP”PAGE 4

FACULTY CORNER

Google Big Query VsHadoop PAGE 6

NEW @ IT

TRENDING NEW TECHNOLOGIESPAGE 16

June- December 2013 the Bullettin of Information Technology

http://www.rajagiritech.ac.in

Department of Information TechnologyRajagiri School of Engineering & Technology

Rajagiri Valley, Kakkand, Kochi

the BITINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GENERATION CLOUD COMPUTING WIRELESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

KUTTYAMMA A JPROFESSSOR & HOD, DIT

FA C U LT Y M OT I VAT I O N - N E E D O F T H E D AYFaculty is the most important factor of Education. To make our institutions academically

vibrant and socially justified we need highly motivated quality faculty.

Before discussing the various methods to motivate our faculty the present scene is to be ana-

lyzed. To deal with the present younger generation which is full of enthusiasm, emotions and

eagerness is a tough job. Moreover they have the access to a world of information technol-

ogy which give them a new world of knowledge, creativity and information. We are living in

an era where we see changes and developments taking place every minute at rapid pace.

Now it is not easy for a teacher to gather information, process it and make it conducive and

bear the responsibility of delivering it to students.

According to Maharshi Aurabindo “the principle of true teaching is that nothing can be taught.

The teacher is not an instructor or a task master; he is a helper and a guide. His business

is suggest and not to impose. The chief aim of education should be to help the growing soul

to draw out that in itself which is best and make it perfect for a noble use.”

The role of the teacher is to facilitate the student in acquiring the knowledge and informa-

tion which is available in the world. A teacher must be a serious scholar, and should perform

his role with a complete sense of belongingness to the profession and to the pupil. He must

also be imbued with and enthused with a certain amount of austerity and renunciation, deep

humanity and tolerance.

It has been observed that motivation is one of the foremost problems in education and it is

often inadequately addressed. There is a need for continuous training-cum-capacity building

programmes for teachers at all cadre levels. It is important to groom, nurture and develop

teachers for imparting quality education at higher level. A course can be designed for the

persons aspiring to become teachers in higher education. During the course, proper empha-

sis should be given on ones mental framework, teaching skills, communication skills, use of

technology and above all motivation.

Groom faculty through Mentoring is one way of motivation. Visit to Universities, Higher edu-

cation institutions and Industries in India and abroad/ active dialogue with subject related

professionals and stake holders can also be a motivating factor for the faculty. Rewards/com-

plements to faculty for their academic accomplishments is another way of motivating them.

Involvement in institutional developmental activities and giving importance to their sugges-

tions can motivate faculty.

Many more ways are there for motivating faculty. Some measures are person specific and

some are institution specific. We have to find the proper way of motivating the faculty and

consider this as a high priority matter.

I conclude by quoting the words of Terrell H. Bell, former US Secretary of Education, “There

are three things to remember about education. The first one is motivation. The second one

is motivation. The third one is motivation.”

the BITthe Bullettin of Information Technology

ON CREATIVE DESK

Editors

Prof. Kuttyamma A.J. (HOD- Department of Information Technology)

Jisha G Assistant Professor

Student Editors

Lakshmi Ramesh S8 IT

Illustrations

Krishnadas Naduvath Programmer

Photo Courtsey

Google Images

page 14

page6 page 20

page 7

C o n t e n t s

PAGE 4 INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY(ICT) WITHIN SPORTS

PAGE 6 GOOGLE BIG QUERY VS HADOOP;

PAGE 7 WHAT IS BIG DATA?;

PAGE 9 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES WITH BIG DATA;

PAGE 11 MOBILE SECURITY;

PAGE 12 E-SAP;

PAGE 13 SKIN PUT TECHNOLOGY;

PAGE 14 COMING SOON...A FULLY ENCRYPTED INTERNET;

PAGE 15 TONGUE DRIVE SYSTEM TO OPERATE COMPUTERS;

PAGE 16 EVENTS @ IT DEPARTMENT

t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y 3

I N F O R M AT I O N C O M M U N I C AT I O N T E C H N O L O G Y ( I C T ) W I T H I N S P O RT S A N D P H Y S I C A L E D U C AT I O N :

C O M B I N I N G T H E “ T W I T T E R ” A N D “A P P ” Rejeesh T.Chacko, Assistant Professor, PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Introduction

The use of information communication technology (ICT) in the modern world has helped the human race improve many things

and has claimed to improve thinking,communication, and prob-lem-solving skills through a wide range of software and input de-vices.ICT rapidly updating and changes over time.The use of ICT in this century is an integral part of everyday life .Whether communicating,accessing,uploading and downloading data across the vast spectrum of devices and platform in use to-day.It is needed that education responds according to this technologi-cal demand, ensuring that what is being taught and learnt in insti-tutions across the country remains relevant and engaging.Sports and Physical Education have the potential not only to touch the lives of the individuals but also to positively affect the society as a whole and its is an integral part of the total educa-tion process. The use of ICT within education can aid the develop-ment of Physical education and sports that are competent and confident in using a vast area of digital media and technology to enhance their sports and physical education within and beyond compulsory education.Recent advancements in ICT have allowed for the use of mobile technology and micro blogging technology within education to become a reality. Mobile apps and micro blogging website such

as Twitter ‘have the potential to really enhance the learning experience within education. This article outlines how this

technology can be used to improve the teaching and learning experiences and also promote the sports & physical educa-tion globally.

Mobile Apps and Micro Blogging TechnologyLearning is no longer confined to a particular fixed location but instead asa result of mobile technology access to educa-tional content is available at any time,any where around the world.The use of apps and micro blogging can enable active engage-ment and personalized learning by curiosity and interest. Cre-ating ICT opportunities that encourage pupils to interact and engaged with the learning content, both within and beyond the classroom, improves the impact and reach of education. The use of apps and micro blogging can also promote independence create effective assessment and stimulate out of classroom hours learning.A number of mobile apps that are ideal for promoting physical literacy within physical education are outlined on the coming lines.The Power of Micro BloggingMicro blogging allow users to exchange small elements of contents such as short sentences,individual images,videos

4 t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y

F a c u l t y C o r n e r

or links to external websites,documents and media.Micro blogs can reach a large or specific audience with relatively low admin,this make information widely avail-able from numerous sources around the world.Twitter for Teachers Twitter is an online social network-ing and micro blogging service that en-able its users to send and read text board messages of up to 140 characters , known as “tweets”. There are a number of ways twitter can help teachers . Twitter fa-cilitates effective networking with other professionals,enables the sharing of infor-mation’s ,discussion topic to future knowl-edge and share best practices and much more.Twitter for Students Twitter can be used by students in a wide range.Twitter can be used as news and information,students can be create micro blog to demonstrate knowledge o r askquestions,students can use twitter for revision and discussion topics to as-sist with home work/course work and to network with other student individual or group.Assisting APPSWith the rise of mobile devices and app based learning, there is now an enormous selection of affordable tools for PE teach-ers to choose from such as apps for video analysis, replay, tagging, communication, assessment, health tracking and so forth. The ability to have all of these tools in one device that fits in your hand has trans-formed the ability to use technology on the fly.There has been a thousand fold increases between 2011-2012 on Google searches for apps related to PE. This shows that the demand for technology integration is not limited to the traditional classroom and is expanding to various other subject areas. PE teachers have often been overlooked in the push to use more technology in the classroom and it is great to see that more resources are opening up to them.

Here is a list of some of the apps for Sports and Physical Education1) Coaches Eye

This is an essen-tial app for any PE teacher or coach who wants to capture what stu-dents are doing and guide them to improve. The app

enables you to record a video and then do a voiceover together with screen annota-tions. Video analyses can easily be saved and shared, making them ideal for provid-ing students and parents with feedback on how the child can improve. This app, although designed primarily for coaching, would also prove useful in any classroom.

2) Coach NoteCoach Note is a must have app for coaches who want to go over plays with play-ers. There are tem-plates for multiple sports and you

can also add your own custom ones. With a variety of tools and the ability to record and share your coaching, the app is quite powerful. One suggestion for using this app is to have a portable projector so that you can coach small groups of students during a game or on the go. 3) Pocket Body

A fully searchable inter-active atlas of human body.

4) CardiographCardiograph is an application that measure your heart rate

5) Giant Score BoardA giant score board featuring timer, countdown (edit-able), team names ( e d i t a b l e ) , g i a n t digits, fits any

sport,simple,accurate and reliable.6) EducreationsEducreations turns your ipad /mobile into

a recordable white board .D iagrams and sports,video playbacks, voice recording, realistic digital ink,photo imports and simple sharing through

email,facebook or twitter.7) Map by RunTrack and save your running route can be

given into students to promote indepen-dence whilst run-nings.can be used as a motivational tool outside and within lesson.8) Sprint Timer

This is a great photo finish app which uti-lizes the same technologies as profession-als to show the winners and their times.This app can be activated by the start gun or whistle and provide either a photo or video finish.

Summary

The use of app and micro blogging can aid teaching and learning experiences if used effectively. The use of micro blogging and mobile apps can compliment teaching strategies in creating innovative, effec-tive and engaging learning experience in Sports ,Physical Education as well as in other disciplines .


G o o g l e B i g Q u e r y V s H a d o o p

NIKHILA T BHUVAN, ASST. PROFESSOR, IT

Managing HUGE amount of data and big-data

processing is always a problem. The open-source

framework, Hadoop has become increasingly

popular over the past few years as a way for

entities to crunch massive amounts of data

stored on large hardware clusters. Developers

and companies can deploy Hadoop on their own

infrastructure, or run it via the cloud. The origin

of Hadoop was based on some whitepapers

that Google released in 2004, which introduced

MapReduce and the Google File System (GFS).

In 2006, Doug Cutting and Michael J. Carafella

used Google’s whitepapers to create Hadoop

based on MapReduce and HDFS. The Apache

foundation adopted Hadoop and released it to

the world. Hadoop has today developed into a

really strong product with a massive ecosystem

of tools.

However, when making the decision to use

Hadoop, there does seem to be a bit of an

elephant in the room with Google’s Dremel

and BigQuery products. Google markets these

as a different and more comprehensive way

to distribute, parse and analyze data than with

Hadoop. BigQuery is based on a product that

Google invented a few years ago called Dremel,

which is designed as a way to query extremely

large datasets in real time. Sounds great – but

why the industry is carrying on with Hadoop

when Google has gone its own way.

There are some flaws in Hadoop’s approach to

distributed computing that they need to improve

on. The biggest flaw is that Hadoop processes

things in batch -not real time. The nature and

speed of the online world where customer trend

analysis or real time recommendation engines

need to analyze and produce instant results

means that Hadoop’s batch approach isn’t going

to be fast enough. Using Hadoop is troublesome

in processing massive amounts of data and

use these results in real time to affect business

decisions.

Google’s Dremel is a query service that allows

you to run SQL-like queries against very, very

large data sets and get accurate results in

mere seconds. Only a basic knowledge of SQL

is needed to query extremely large datasets

in an ad hoc manner. BigQuery is the public

implementation of Dremel that was recently

launched to general availability. BigQuery is a

web service that enables companies to analyze

massive datasets of up to billions of rows in

seconds using Google’s vast data processing

infrastructure. BigQuery is designed to finish

most queries within seconds or tens of seconds

and can even be used by non-programmers,

whereas MapReduce takes much longer (at

least minutes, and sometimes even hours or

days) to finish processing a dataset query.

Google also argued that using Big Query instead

of a Hadoop deployment will save users money,

because they only pay for the queries that are

processed, rather than pay for the computational

costs of running individual Hadoop supporting

components.

There is no use in just blindly adopting Hadoop

as it is the flavor of the time. For those people

wanting to get involved in Big Data and to future

proof their skills, learning about Dremel and

becoming a Big Query expert might be a good

investment for the next couple of years. If the

industry wakes up to Dremel, which it should,

then those candidates that invested their time

to learn about it, will find their skills in extreme

demand.

• 4K ultra-high-def video support


F a c u l t y C o r n e r F a c u l t y C o r n e r

W h a t i s B i g D a t a ?

FELIX XAVIER ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANT

Small data is gone. Data is just going to get bigger and bigger and bigger, and people just

have to think differently about how they manage it -Scott Zucker

Big data is a popular term

used to describe the expo-

nential growth and avail-

ability of data, both struc-

tured and unstructured.

And big data may be as

important to business –

and society – as the In-

ternet has become. Why?

More data may lead to

more accurate analyses.

More accurate analyses

may lead to more confi-

dent decision making. And

better decisions can mean

greater operational effi-

ciencies, cost reductions

and reduced risk.

As far back as 2001, in-

dustry analyst Doug Laney

(currently with Gartner)

articulated the now main-

stream definition of big

data as the three Vs: vol-

ume, velocity and variety1:

• Small data is gone. Data

is just going to get bigger

and bigger and bigger,

and people just have to

think differently about how

they manage it.

—Scott Zucker

Family Dollar

Volume. Many factors con-

tribute to the increase in

data volume. Transaction-

based data stored through

the years. Unstructured

data streaming in from

social media. Increasing

amounts of sensor and

machine-to-machine data

being collected. In the

past, excessive data vol-

ume was a storage issue.

But with decreasing stor-

age costs, other issues

emerge, including how to

determine relevance with-

in large data volumes and

how to use analytics to

create value from relevant

data.

• Velocity. Data is stream-

ing in at unprecedented

speed and must be dealt

with in a timely manner.

RFID tags, sensors and

smart metering are driv-

ing the need to deal with

torrents of data in near-

real time. Reacting quickly

enough to deal with data

velocity is a challenge for

most organizations.

• Variety. Data today

comes in all types of for-

mats. Structured, numeric

data in traditional data-

bases. Information cre-

ated from line-of-business

applications. Unstructured

text documents, email,

video, audio, stock ticker

data and financial transac-

tions. Managing, merging

and governing different

varieties of data is some-

thing many organizations

still grapple with.

At SAS, we consider two

additional dimensions

when thinking about big

data:

• Variability. In addition

to the increasing veloci-

ties and varieties of data,

data flows can be highly

inconsistent with periodic

peaks. Is something trend-

ing in social media? Daily, seasonal

and event-triggered peak data loads

can be challenging to manage. Even

more so with unstructured data in-

volved.

• Complexity. Today’s data comes

from multiple sources. And it is

still an undertaking to link, match,

cleanse and transform data across

systems. However, it is necessary to

connect and correlate relationships,

hierarchies and multiple data link-

ages or your data can quickly spiral

out of control.



dreds and thousands of models

at the product level – at the SKU

level – because you have the

big data and analytics to support

those models at that level.

—Kerem Tomak

Technologies

A number of recent technology ad-

vancements enable organizations

to make the most of big data and

big data analytics:

• Cheap, abundant storage.

• Faster processors.

• Affordable open source, distrib-

uted big data platforms, such as

Hadoop.

• Parallel processing, clustering,

MPP, virtualization, large grid en-

vironments, high connectivity and

high throughputs.

• Cloud computing and other flex-

ible resource allocation arrange-

ments.

The goal of all organizations with

access to large data collections

should be to harness the most rel-

evant data and use it for better de-

cision making.

The Importance of Big

Data and What You Can

Accomplish

The real issue is not that

you are acquiring large

amounts of data. It’s what

you do with the data that

counts. The hopeful vi-

sion is that organizations

will be able to take data

from any source, harness

relevant data and analyze

it to find answers that en-

able 1) cost reductions,

2) time reductions, 3) new

product development and

optimized offerings, and

4) smarter business deci-

sion making. For instance,

by combining big data and

high-powered analytics, it

is possible to:

• Determine root causes

of failures, issues and de-

fects in near-real time, po-

tentially saving billions of

dollars annually.

• Optimize routes for many

thousands of package de-

livery vehicles while they

are on the road.

• Analyze millions of SKUs

to determine prices that

maximize profit and clear

inventory.

• Generate retail coupons

at the point of sale based

on the customer’s current

and past purchases.

• Send tailored recommen-

dations to mobile devices

while customers are in the

right area to take advan-

tage of offers.

• Recalculate entire risk

portfolios in minutes.

• Quickly identify custom-

ers who matter the most.

• Use clickstream analysis

and data mining to detect

fraudulent behavior.

Challenges

Many organizations

are concerned that the

amount of amassed data

is becoming so large that

it is difficult to find the most

valuable pieces of infor-

mation.

• What if your data volume

gets so large and varied

you don’t know how to

deal with it?

• Do you store all your

data?

• Do you analyze it all?

• How can you find out

which data points are re-

ally important?

• How can you use it to

your best advantage?

Until recently, organiza-

tions have been limited to

using subsets of their data,

or they were constrained

to simplistic analyses be-

cause the sheer volumes

of data overwhelmed their

processing platforms. But,

what is the point of collect-

ing and storing terabytes

of data if you can’t analyze

it in full context, or if you

have to wait hours or days

to get results? On the oth-

er hand, not all business

questions are better an-

swered by bigger data

Now you can run hun-


WE ARE AWASH in a flood of data today.

In a broad range of application areas,

data is being collected at unprecedented

scale. Decisions that previously were

based on guesswork, or on painstakingly

constructed models of reality, can now be made based on the

data itself. Such Big Data analysis now drives nearly every

aspect of our modern society, including mobile services, retail,

manufacturing, financial services, life sciences, and physical

sciences.

While the potential benefits of Big Data are real and

significant, and some initial successes have already

been achieved, there remain many technical challenges

that must be addressed to fully realize this potential.

The sheer size of the data, of course, is a major chal-

lenge, and is the one that is most easily recognized. But

the challenges not just confined to Volume, but also in

Variety and Velocity. By Variety, they usually mean het-

erogeneity of data types, representation, and semantic

interpretation. By Velocity, they mean both the rate at

which data arrive and the time in which it must be acted

upon. While these three are important, this short list

fails to include additional important requirements such

as privacy and usability.

The analysis of Big Data involves multiple distinct

phases as shown in the figure below, each of which

introduces challenges.

Phases in the Processing Pipeline

1. Data Acquisition and Recording

Most of the data is of no interest, and it can be filtered and com-

pressed by orders of magnitude. One challenge is to define

these filters in such a way that they do not discard useful

information.We need research in the science of data reduc-

tion that can intelligently process the raw data to a size that its

users can handle while not missing the needle in the haystack.

C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p o r t u n i t i e s w i t h B i g D a t a

ARUN SOMAN, ASST. PROFESSOR, IT



Furthermore, we require “on-line” analysis techniques that can

process such streaming data on the fly, since we cannot afford

to store first and reduce afterward.The second big challenge is

to automatically generate the right metadata to describe what

data is recorded and how it is recorded and measured.Another

important issue here is data provenance. Recording informa-

tion about the data at its birth is not useful unless this infor-

mation can be interpreted and carried along through the data

analysis pipeline.Thus we need research both into generat-

ing suitable meta-

data and into data

systems that carry

the provenance of

data and its meta-

data through data

analysis pipelines.

2. Information

Extraction and

Cleaning

Frequently, the information collected will not be in a format

ready for analysis.We cannot leave the data in this form and

still effectively analyze it. Rather we require an information

extraction process that pulls out the required information from

the underlying sources and expresses it in a structured form

suitable for analysis. Doing this correctly and completely is a

continuing technical challenge. Also, we are used to thinking

of Big Data as always telling us the truth, but this is actually

far from reality.

3. Data Integration, Aggregation, and Representation

Data analysis is considerably more challenging than simply

locating, identifying, understanding, and citing data. For effec-

tive large-scale analysis all of this has to happen in a com-

pletely automated manner. This requires differences in data

structure and semantics to be expressed in forms that are com-

puter understandable, and then “robotically” resolvable.Even

for simpler analyses that depend on only one data set, there

remains an important question of suitable database design.

Usually, there will be many alternative ways in which to store the

same information.We must enable other professionals, such as

domain scientists, to create effective database designs, either

through devising tools to assist them in the design process or

through forgoing the design process completely and develop-

ing techniques so that databases can be used effectively in the

absence of intelligent database design.

4. Query Processing, Data Modeling, and Analysis

Mining requires integrated, cleaned, trustworthy, and efficiently

accessible data, declarative query and mining interfaces, scal-

able mining algorithms, and big-data computing environments.

At the same time, data mining itself can also be used to help

improve the quality and trustworthiness of the data, under-

stand its semantics, and provide intelligent querying functions.

Big Data is also enabling the next generation of interactive

data analysis with real-time answers.Scaling complex query

processing techniques to terabytes while enabling interactive

response times

is a major open

research problem

today.A problem

w i t h c u r r e n t

Big Data anal-

ysis is the lack

of coordination

between data-

base systems,

which host the

data and provide

SQL querying, with analytics packages that perform various

forms of non-SQL processing, such as data mining and sta-

tistical analyses. Today’s analysts are impeded by a tedious

process of exporting data from the database, performing a

non-SQL process and bringing the data back.

5. Interpretation

Having the ability to analyze Big Data is of limited value if

users cannot understand the analysis. Ultimately, a decision-

maker, provided with the result of analysis, has to interpret

these results.Hence, one must provide supplementary infor-

mation that explains how each result was derived, and based

upon precisely what inputs. Such supplementary information

is called the provenance of the (result) data. By studying how

best to capture, store, and query provenance, in conjunction

with techniques to capture adequate metadata, we can create

an infrastructure to provide users with the ability both to inter-

pret analytical results obtained and to repeat the analysis with

different assumptions, parameters, or data sets.The users need

to be able to see not just the results, but also understand why

they are seeing those results.

Data analysis is considerably more challenging than

simply locating, identifying, understanding, and citing

data.

1 0 t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y

M O B I L E S E C U R I T Y

NAJLA SIRAJ S1S2 H

MOBILE DEVICES CAN

be both the instru-

ments and victims

of privacy violations.

Google’s latest innova-

tion, Google Glass, has been pre-emp-

tively banned at a diner in Seattle due

to the security implications of an unobtru-

sive mobile device capable of discreetly

recording audio, video and still footage

in public and private places. However,

most security threats from mobile devices

result from the manner in which the con-

sumer uses the technology:

• Consumers who elect to set PINs

and passwords for their mobile devices

often choose easily deciphered codes,

such as 1234 or 0000.

• Users may unknowingly down-

load malware disguised as a useful

application.

• Out-of-date operating systems

may pose threats. OS manufacturers

periodically release security patches

and fixes, but it is up to the consumer to

update their devices. Older devices may

not support new updates to the OS.

• Out-of-date software presents

similar security risks. Attackers can exploit

vulnerabilities in outdated software.

• Wireless transmissions are not

always encrypted, making informa-

tion sent via mobile devices easier to

intercept.

With users treating their devices in such a

blasé fashion, it can be difficult and frus-

trating for IT specialists to help users

avoid security and privacy mishaps—

especially when those devices are used

for company purposes.

S t u d e n t C o r n e r

t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y 1 1

e - S A P

SUSAN SHAJU ,S3 IT

ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS AGAINST Agricultural

Pests (e-SAP), an innovative tablet device, prom-

ises to be of much help in the field of agriculture.

It helps people get instant information about the

kind of pest that’s ruining the plants, with sugges-

tions on how to fight it. The hand-held device is easy to use.

Even a layman can navigate to find the problem in his crop.

The device works on a web-based application system, which

facilitates flow of information from the grower to the farm sci-

entist at the click of a button. It also has a voice-based appli-

cation that guides the farmer in the local dialect. The tablet can

also recommend solutions based on geography and agro-cli-

matic conditions of the area where the crop is being grown.

e-SAP will make the work of the extension service worker

easy, enhance their efficiency and at the same time provide

the farmers with solutions right in his field in real time. This

technology targets one of the critical requirements of a crop

cycle, pest management. e-Sap has features that can bring

the farmer, extension worker, scientist and policy maker on the

same plane, thereby, helping to find solutions that are more

practical and in lesser time.

e-SAP is unique in the sense that it has a voice-based applica-

tion system, which guides the farmer and the extension worker

in the local language about how to collect the data and the

specimens. It also allows the extension worker and the farmer

to do a survey of the pest attack or related problems right in

the field, which is then automatically synthesised in the form of

graphs and tables along with the decision support intelligence.

Another highlight of e-SAP is the image - based model that

captures high quality images of pests and their symptoms and

then guides the user in identifying the pest. This coupled with

audio assistance makes it very easy to handle.

Just a click away: As soon as you notice a pest in your garden

or farm, capture images of the same using the device. e-SAP

captures high-quality images of pests and their symptoms, and

then guides the user on how to identify them. It also provides

instant solutions on how to get rid of them.



Skinput is a technology that appropriates the

human body for acoustic transmission, allow-

ing the skin to be used as an input surface. In

particular, we resolve the location of finger taps

on the arm and hand by analyzing mechani-

cal vibrations that propagate through the body.

We collect these signals using a novel array of

sensors worn as an armband. This approach

provides an always available, naturally por-

table, and on-body finger input system. We

assess the capabilities, accuracy and limi-

tations of our technique through a two-part,

twenty-participant user study.

Introduction of Skinput Technology

The primary goal of Skinput is to provide an

always available mobile input system - that

is, an input system that does not require a

user to carry or pick up a device. A number

of alternative approaches have been pro-

posed that operate in this space. Techniques

based on computer vision are popular These,

however, are computationally expensive and

error prone in mobile scenarios (where, e.g.,

non-input optical flow is prevalent). Speech

input is a logical choice for always-available

input, but is limited in its precision in unpredict-

able acoustic environments, and suffers from

privacy and scalability issues in shared envi-

ronments. Other approaches have taken the

form of wearable computing.

This typically involves a physical input device

built in a form considered to be part of one’s

clothing. For example, glove-based input

systems allow users to retain most of their

natural hand movements, but are cumber-

some, uncomfortable, and disruptive to tactile

sensation. Post and Orth present a “smart

fabric” system that embeds sensors and con-

ductors into abric, but taking this approach to

always-available input necessitates embed-

ding technology in all clothing, which would

be prohibitively complex and expensive. The

SixthSense project proposes a mobile, always

available input/output capability by combin-

ing projected information with a color-marker-

based vision tracking system. This approach is

feasible, but suffers from serious occlusion and

accuracy limitations. For example, determining

whether, e.g., a finger has tapped a button, or

is merely hovering above it, is extraordinarily

difficult .

Bio-Sensing :

Skinput leverages the natural acoustic conduc-

tion properties of the human body to provide

an input system, and is thus related to previ-

ous work in the use of biological signals for

computer input. Signals traditionally used for

diagnostic medicine, such as heart rate and

skin resistance, have been appropriated for

assessing a user’s emotional state. These fea-

tures are generally subconsciously driven and

cannot be controlled with sufficient precision

for direct input. Similarly, brain sensing technol-

ogies such as electro encephalography (EEG)

& functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR)

have been used by HCI researchers to assess

cognitive and emotional state; this work also

primarily looked at involuntary signals. In con-

trast, brain signals have been harnessed as

a direct input for use by paralyzed patients,

but direct brain computer interfaces (BCIs) still

lack the bandwidth requiredfor everyday com-

puting tasks, and require levels of focus, train-

ing, and concentration that are incompatible

with typical computer interaction.

There has been less work relating to the inter-

section of finger input and biological signals.

Researchers have harnessed the electri-

cal signals generated by muscle activa-

tion during normal hand movement through

electromyography (EMG). At present, however,

this approach typically requires expensive

amplification systems and the application of

conductive gel for effective signal acquisi-

tion, which would limit the acceptability of this

approach for most users. The input technol-

ogy most related to our own is that of Amento

who placed contact microphones on a user’s

wrist to assess finger movement. However,

this work was never formally evaluated, as

is constrained to finger motions in one hand.

The Hambone system employs a similar

setup, and through an HMM, yields classifica-

tion accuracies around 90% for four gestures

(e.g., raise heels, snap fingers). Performance

of false positive rejection remains untested in

both systems at present. Moreover, both tech-

niques required the placement of sensors near

the area of interaction (e.g., the wrist), increas-

ing the degree of invasiveness and visibility.

Finally, bone conduction microphones and

headphones - now common consumer tech-

nologies - represent an additional bio-sens-

ing technology that is relevant to the present

work. These leverage the fact that sound fre-

quencies relevant to human speech propagate

well through bone.

Bone conduction microphones are typically

worn near the ear, where they can sense vibra-

tions propagating from the mouth and larynx

during speech. Bone conduction headphones

send sound through the bones of the skull and

jaw directly to the inner ear, bypassing trans-

mission of sound through the air and outer ear,

leaving an unobstructed path for environmen-

tal sounds .

S K I N P U T T E C H N O L O G Y

POORNIMA P, S7 IT


t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y 1 3

There has been a torrent of major revelations from former

National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden showing

how vulnerable we are to mass Internet surveillance. The NSA

has found it easy to tap the internet according to Snowden and

in response IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), is ponder-

ing how to strengthen the internet.

According to cryptographer Bruce Schneier, using encryption in

various parts of the existing internet can go a long way in pre-

venting agencies like NSA from snooping data, thus making it

harder to spy. One simple step, for example, is for Web compa-

nies to routinely use SSL, an encrypted communications proto-

col between people’s computers and company servers. NSA got

ten times as much information from Yahoo users than it did from

Google users, and that this was because “Google uses SSL by

default.”

The engineers, the IETF, are now making efforts to produce a

revamped version of the current system whereby all Web traffic

will be encrypted. This is expected to be ready by the end of

next year.

http short for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is the underlying proto-

col used by the World Wide Web. It defines information exchanges

between web browsers on your phone/computer and web servers

which hold data of the website you are visiting. Today much of

C O M I N G S O O N . . . A F U L LY E N C RY P T E D I N T E R N E T

SREEJA SURESH SHENOY, S8-IT

the web traffic is unencrypted unless https- a secure version

of http is used. https is commonly used by banks, e-commerce

sites, google, facebook, etc. IETF would like to make encryp-

tion a default part of http creating new version http 2.0. In fact

work on this is proceeding “frantically” according to Stephen

Farrell, a computer scientist at Trinity College in Dublin who

is part of the project. This new specification is expected to get

ready by the end of 2014. But it is up to the websites to decide

to adopt this technology. According to experts, this would make

it harder for agencies like NSA.

Other steps taken by the IETF include stepping up security in

e-mails and instant message traffic. Right now protocols do

exist to encrypt these communications. But the problem is that

the encryption is not set correctly. As a result, they don’t work

between different mail servers.eg. when they hop between big

encrypted services like Gmail and that of a small company or

institution. When this happens, your e-mail ends up being sent

“in the clear” ie, unencrypted because e-mail protocols give

importance to actual delivery over all other concerns, includ-

ing whether or not the encryption actually was working.

But there are some challenges to be faced if encryption is

added by default to http. Part of what makes the task hard

involves the static portion of Web pages that are “cached,”

or stored on local servers nearer to the user. Caching is a

problem because it is unencrypted content that sits between

the browser and the server. If encryption is added, caching

will be harder. There should be a trade-off between the secu-

rity benefit and the caching benefit which is being worked on

by the engineers. At the end of the day, it’s both a good first

step and a promising reaction by those that build this wonder-

ful resource called the Internet.

S t u d e n t C o r n e r1 4 t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y

Tongue Drive System is a new revolutionary system to help

individuals with disabilities to control wheelchairs, computers

and other devices simply by using their tongue. This technol-

ogy will be helpful to individuals with serious disabilities, such

as those with severe spinal cord injuries and will allow them to

lead more active and independent lives.

Individuals using a tongue-based system should only be able

to move their tongue, which is especially important if a person

has paralyzed limbs. With Tongue Drive System ,it is possible

to successfully substitute for mouse inorder to access com-

puter. User can move the cursor on the screen using their

tongue motions. They can also issue a single or double-click

for selecting icons or opening folders. A tiny magnet, only a size

of a grain of rice, is attached to an individual’s tongue using

implantation, piercing or adhesive. This technology allows a dis-

abled person to use tongue when moving a computer mouse

or a powered wheelchair. The tongue is chosen to control the

system because unlike the feet and the hands, which are con-

nected by brain through spinal cord, the tongue and the brain

has a direct connection through cranial nerve. In case when a

person has a severe spinal cord injure or other damage, the

tongue will remain mobile to activate the system. Tongue move-

ments are also fast, accurate and do not require much think-

ing, concentration or effort.

The motions of the magnet attached to the tongue are spotted

by a number of magnetic field sensors installed on a headset

worn outside or an orthodontic brace inside the mouth. The

signals coming from the sensors are wirelessly sent to a portable

computer that placed on a wheelchair or attached to an indi-

vidual’s clothing.

The Tongue system is developed to recognize a wide array of

tongue movements and to apply specific movements to certain

commands, taking into account user’s oral anatomy, abilities

and lifestyle. The ability to train system with as many com-

mands as an individual can comfortably remember is a signifi-

cant advantage over the common sip-n-puff device that acts as

a simple switch controlled by sucking or blowing through a straw.

The Tongue Drive system is touch-free, wireless and non-inva-

sive technology that needs no surgery for its operation.

Several GUIs have been developed for the prototype Tongue

Drive System. One of them is a simple computer game ,called

Fish Tales. Accessible entertainment are even more important

in improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities

than their healthy counter parts. This experiments evaluates

the usability of the Tongue Drive System in enabling users to

play computer games ,which are normally controlled by key-

board mouse. In this GUI, players use their tongues to navi-

gate a red fish to catch the smaller fish, while avoiding being

caught by the bigger fish. Moving the tongue in a certain direc-

tion, move the mouse cursor on the screen, resulting in the red

fish swimming in that direction. The further the cursor is moved

from the current location of the fish swims. The goal is to catch

as many smaller fish as possible. When the subject’s fish eat

enough smaller fish, it grows and can eat larger fish.

T O N G U E D R I V E S Y S T E M T O O P E R AT E C O M P U T E R S

MANJU V. J, S7.IT

S t u d e n t C o r n e r t h e B I T, t h e B u l l e t t i n o f I n f o r m a t i o n Te c h n o l o g y 1 5

E ve n t s @ I T D e p a r t m e n t

• Conducted a Workshop on Internet working Lab and Computer Aided Software engineering Lab from July 5th to July 6th , 2013

for faculty members from Engineering Colleges affiliated to M.G University.

• Conducted a Workshop on “Deployment of Computer Clusters” on September 9th ,2013

• Conducted a Workshop on cloud Computing on ANEKHA Platform with Computer Science Department on October 19th ,2013.

• Conducted a “Two day faculty development program on Enhanced Teaching Methods Using Moodle” by Binu A for RSET faculty

members on 10th and 16th December ,2013.


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