ict for masses by dr t.h. chowdary director: center for telecom management and studies chairman:...
TRANSCRIPT
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ICT For Masses
By DR T.H. CHOWDARY
Director: Center for Telecom Management and StudiesChairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 6667-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 6667-1111, [email protected]
[email protected] @ NIRD, Hyderabad : 23 Feb 2008
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 2
Vision to inspire & Realise the Potential of Inventions/Discoveries
• We will produce electricity so cheap that only the rich can afford to burn candles”
- Thomas Alva Edison: 1878• Ghar Ghar mein radio• Gaon Gaon mein telephone - 1978
(A radio in every home; a telephone in every villageWe will make telephoning cheaper than a post card)
- Dr T.H.CHOWDARY - 1994 Haath Haath mein telephoneGaon Gaon mein Internet (A telephone in everyone’s hand:
an Internet kiosk in every village)-Dr T.H.CHOWDARY – 1997
to bridge the digital divide.
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 3
Masses & Classes
• Masses:– Uneducated or less educated – Rural People– Urban Labouring (manual) people
• Classes– Educated, well-salaried– Businessmen– Professionals (knowledge workers)– Ruling Circles (Politicians), govt officials,
industrialists, Bankers– Security & Defence people
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 4
ICTs have Accomplished (1)
• Death of distance [Earth is Flat by Thomas Friedman]
• Postalisation of tariffs• Democratisation of knowledge [www &
Internet]• Prospect of Participatory [and not
representative] democracy (as in Athens in ancient times)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 5
ICTs have Accomplished (2)
• Empowerment of even the small man to influence govt. [Chief Minister face to face with people]
• Getting govt to account – Transparency [govt at the door step of people]
• Masses, rural folks, artisans, women drawn into economic activity – DWACRA – global markets for folk works.
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 6
ICTs Comprise of
• (Obsolete): Telegraph, telex, Fax?• Current: Telephones (mobiles: 3.5 bln & fixed phones 1.5 bln)
– PCs; Laptops; Internet– GPS.GIS; TV [Over the air & cable]– Radio [digital, FM]– LANs, WANs, MANs,-Wifi; WiMAX– Email – Optical Fiber Cable [undersea & underground]– Microwave Radio: Satellite & Terrestrial
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 7
Development
• Economic:– Family Income– Old Age Pensions– Insurance
• Life, Health, Work
• Human:– Health– Longevity– Education– Quality of Life ( air, water, leisure, communion…)– Stable Family– Stress
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 8
Affordability of Electronic Devices:Ratio of Price of Device to Per Capita Income
1951 1974 1994 2007
Radio 2.0 0.5 0.02 0.005
TV Set NA 1.9 1.2 0.37
Year’s Telephone Service
2.5 1.0 1.0 0.12
PC NA NA 6.0 0.75
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 9
Urbanisation & Development
Rural Population Developed Developing
( 5 to 10)% (50 to 70)%
• Contribution of
Agriculture to GDP < 5% (20 to 50)%*• % Labour engaged
in Agri-related work < 5% upto 60
*15% in China and 18% in India
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 10
Urban/Rural Incomes in India
• 72% of population is Rural; 65% of workforce in Agriculture
• Contribution of Ag to GDP-18%• PCI of Rural people $ 140 (Rs. 6,800) • PCI of Urban people $ 1070 (Rs. 51,000)• What a disparity?• In China disparity is even more • Economic Development –Moral Consequences
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 11
In the Information/Knowledge-Intensive Age &Societies
• Informatics is power• Extended markets/global reach
vendors/traders/consumers• Marketisation of all activity• Less transaction costs• Work from anywhere over Telecoms• Illiterate, but industrious masses are also
voters, skilled & producers of value
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 12
Reaching the Masses
Connectivity: • Capital cost of Road: $ 300/600,000 per km.• Optical Fiber or
Photonic highways : $ 6000/ 10,000 per km.
50 times cheaper to connect photonically• 35000 towns connected by broad band OF system• 94% of 650,000 villages telephoned
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 13
Telecom Connectivity (1)
• Technology and Competition brought down costs by over 80% and prices nearly by 90%
• Rural demand for telephones exceeding urban demand • First phones people have are mobiles • Wireless deployed for last kilometer connectivity• Cable TV allowed for broad band
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 14
Telecom Connectivity (2)
• Spend on phone is less than 12% of per capita income (compared to 250% in 1951, and equal in 1994 ) it has to come down to less than 5% to be on par with developed countries
• Mobiles exceed fixed telephones; • Hardly any growth in fixed phones; • Growth in mobile phones• WiFi and WiMax being deployed
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 15
ICTs for Farmers (1) Coromandel Fertilisers – “Outreach”
• Regd. Sugarcane farmers• Centered around Sugarcane Command Area in
Nellikuppam Cuddalore Dist.• Information from Franchised kiosks (Parry’s Corners)• India Agriline Farmer’s Forum• Comprehensive Farming Services• Covers paddy also since 2002• Nagarjuna Fertilisers• EID Parry & Coromandel Fertilisers
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 16
ICTs for Farmers & Fishermen (2)
• Nellikuppam / Pondicherry -
EID Parry / Coromandel Fertilizers; and Nagarjuna Fertilizers, Services to Agriculturists
• Kerala Fishermen’s use of cell phones
• GPS & Remote Sensing guides Fishermen where to fish & unload the catch
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 17
ICTs for Farmers (3) ITC’s e-Chaupals
• Procurement of soya-beans directly from the farmer • 6,500 chaupals in 8 States, serving 40,000 villages in MP,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh & Utteranchal & under extension to 11 more States
• 1000 chaupals connected by V-Sats; rest wireline • ITC invested Rs.460 mil ( US $ 12 ml.) • The chaupal is operated by a trusted, selected farmer
instructed, in operation of the PC with a modem, V-Sat with a solar panel and a battery backup
• Growth & procurement of soybeans, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shirmp
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 18
ICTs for Farmers ITC’s e-Chaupals
• For ITC 2% saving; the Sanchalak gets 0.5% of sales
• All information in the local language in the company’s website in Bangalore ITC Infotech
• In AP of the 175 chaupals 100 relate to tobacco and 75 to acqua ( shrimp) concern
• Now collaborating with govts to deliver other services [eg.e-sevas in AP; micro credit, insurance, health & education]
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 19
ICTs for Rural Populace (1)
• Education: Computer skill integral to literacy/ education for all (AP, KN,TN…)
• Extend Internet to all villages. Upgrade public telephones into Internet Kiosks
• Educated & trained attendant
• Deliver G2C; B2C services
• Andhra Pradesh project: 5000 villages
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 20
Tele-medicine (1)
Bill Clinton and Aragonda
• School children in Aragonda screened - 34 had a hole in the heart.
• Dr. Seshagiri Rao: “ Your daughter has a hole in the heart. Send her to us during the vacation. We will fix this and when the school reopens she can join back”.
ICTs for Rural Populace (2)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 21
Tele-medicine (2)
• Bill Clinton ( to Dr Pratap C. Reddy): “Has tele-medicine advanced to this stage in the US?”
• Dr. Reddy: “It has not”• Bill Clinton: “It is a really wonderful thing that
Apollo is doing. The rest of the world should follow your way, so that people in remote places can get the benefit of tele-medicine”.
ICTs for Rural Populace (3)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 22
ICTs for Women
• DWCRA groups in Andhra Pradesh
• About 350,000 cell phones for the groups
• Product advertisement & market creation Websites (Toys, knit wear, lace curtains, ornaments, painting…)
• Tele-education.
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 23
Internet & E-Seva into Villages (AP)
• Upgrade STD/ISD VPTs into Public Internet Kiosks Rs. 50,000/- per kiosk ($120)
• Rural Service Delivery Points
• Almost e-sevas in towns available
• Land Records, Property taxes; B & D certificates
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 24
ICTs for E-Governance
• Improving efficiency,economy, effectiveness, transparency & responsiveness; simple interface with citizens• G2C government services to citizens and interactionEg: Andhra Pradesh ; E-Seva, CARD, FAST, C-COPS, SMART-Gov; E-Procurement E-Seva: > 48 services, all together from any of the centers (118 towns + 5000 villages Addl. 24,000)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 25
Work taken to Villages: GramIT
• While US, EU, Oceania outsource to Hyderabad, Hyderabad out-sources to villages.
• Satyam Computers & Byraju Foundation• 200 Resident village graduates ( BA, B.Com,
B.Sc) trained in Ameringlish; imparted computer & Internet skills
• Satyam (Hyderabad HQ) outsourced its own internal work (pay-roll, accounting; travel; training; MIS
• Satisfied,work from abroad moved to villages
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 26
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (2)
• Broad-band telecom (optical fiber) 512 kbps extended from point of presence (POP) to work-site by PMP wireless
• Called Gram ITs, these offer transaction processing services (accounting, bulk mlng; records digitisation, reminder and follow-up and travel support).
• A whole Gram IT can be dedicated to a customer (like twinning of cities across continents; city [email protected] twinning)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 27
Work taken to Villages: GramIT (3)
• Gram IT-team contributed part of profits for village development scheme designed by them – Independent and local initiative
• Rural Pressure group to demand and get quality infrastructure and services such as roads, retailing, education, health
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 28
Social Impact of Gram IT
• Reverse migration ( 5% within 6 months)
• Educated house-wives (lost resource) join work force (no travel)-20% now
• Un-married girls: better spouses
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 29
E M R I (1)
• 502 ambulances stationed in 50 towns, in all the State’s Districts
• 80 mln people access EMRI through 108
• 100,000 emergencies attended & 20,000 lives saved in launch five years ago
• 95% of calls answered within 2 rings
• 16 mnts to reach a victim
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 30
E M R I (2)
• A Satyam computer funded Byraju Foundation launched, operated & maintained emergency health/medical service
• Depends upon wireless, computers & networks
• Agreements with hundreds of private & government hospitals
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 31
E M R I (3)
• Police & Doctors at the Central office in Hyderabad
• Accident & Disease mapping
• Govt “owns” & other govts want
• Example of corporate service to citizens with government co-operation
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 32
The Various Divides
• Urban-Rural• The Rich-Poor• Educated-Illiterate• Landed-Landless• Protected Water; Houses; Electricity • Telephone - (the Missing Link)
• The Digital Divide
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 33
Forging the Missing Link (1)
• The Maitland Commission
(ITU/UNDP 1984)
• India’s Response
– The attended public telephone (PT)• 80% of 650,000 villages have STD/ISD PTs
• 98% of the 1000 mil. People have access to telephone
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 34
Forging the Missing Link (2)
The attended public telephone (PT)
- Illiteracy no bar, because of educated attendant; self-
employed, living by commission
- 1.2 mil PTs in India (40% in villages; 60% in towns
- 30% of telephone revenues from PTs!
- Tele-density 25% (4% fixed 21% mobile)
- Yet No disability for any
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 35
Bridging the Digital Divide (1)
• IT & Internet for Classes & Masses too
• Upgrade PTs into public Internet Kiosks
• Investment/PT - US $ 1000
• Internet connection - Access by
a) DSL wherever available
b) WLL (corDECT, CDMA)
c) Copper wireloops, WiFi, WiMax
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 36
Bridging the Digital Divide (2)
• STD/ISD Attendants become retailers of BSNL/P-Telco
• Training in Computer skills/surfing, scanning, e-mailing imparted
• Multi-service delivery
• e-mail, e-seva (32 G2C in Andhra Pradesh; 118 cities & 6000 villages (rural service delivery points); e-governance
• As kiosks are equipped with Fax & scanners language no bar – post declining
• Computer Education in 2000 schools from 2005 (age 10 to 14) in A.P (Tamilnadu, Karnataka have more)
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 37
Universal Access Fund (UAF) & Provision (1)
• 5% of sales of all Telcos• UAF Administrator• Bids for provision
– Award Criterion - Lowest Annuity Payment
• Village PTs & Public Internet Kiosks • Radio Base stations (RBSs) to cover rural areas
funded by USF & allowed to be shared• Rural mobile phone coverage subsidised from
USF
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 38
Universal Access Fund (UAF) & Provision (2)
• Telephone/Internet in schools, Public Libraries,
Primary Health Centers
• IP/VOIP Telephony, Tele-medicine
• Private Philanthropy Foundations eg. Byrraju
Foundation, Hewlett Packard - AP
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 39
ICTs Everywhere & for every Purpose (1)
• Harvesters equipped to measure grain• Fertiliser application & sprayer (insecticide)
regulated• Water distribution & irrigation regulated (Israel)• Milk procurement, sugarcane delivered,
credit/payments computerised & networked• Counselling for admission & interviews for
appointments and job search from Internet kiosks
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 40
ICTs Everywhere & for every Purpose (2)
• In the words of the Bhagavad Gita (Song Celestial)
Sarvatah pani-padam tat Sarvato'ksi-siro-mukham Sarvatah shrutimal loke Sarvam avrtya tishthati (B.G. 13.13). [IT has its hands and feet everywhere, IT has its
eyes and face everywhere, IT enhances/illumines everywhere, IT sits pervading everything
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THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 41
DHANYWAD:
THANK YOU