ict and disaster risk reduction division - unescap for sustainable... · improving regional...

IMPROVING REGIONAL BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY THROUGH THE

ASIA-PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY

E-RESILIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

ESCAP

Ms. Atsuko Okuda, Chief IDS

ICT and Development Section



Introduction What is E-Resilience?

• ICT plays a pivotal role in all stages of disaster management • Addressed holistically, e-resilience has the potential to reduce disaster risks

and improve disaster management and preparedness

Definition of Resilience “the capacity of countries to withstand, adapt to, and recover from natural disasters and major economic crises- so that their people can continue to lead the kind of life they value” (ESCAP, 2013)

Definition of E-Resilience “the ability of ICT systems to withstand, recover from and change in the face of an external disturbance such as a natural disaster.”



Sustainable Development Goals

3



E- Resilience for Sustainable Development

Why E-resilience for Sustainable Development? • Goal 9: building resilient infrastructure - Target 9.c seeks to considerably increase access to ICT and provide universal access to the internet in LDCs by 2020

• ICT is a growth sector as well as a key enabler for sustainable development

• ICT can accelerate the implementation of SDGs in the region, e-resilience is essential for sustainable development

4



E-Resilience essential steps

5

Source: Asia Pacific Disaster

Report, 2015



Disaster Risk in Asia-Pacific Region

6



Asia-Pacific is increasingly at risk • Between the 1970s and the decade 2005-2014 damage from disasters

increased from $52 billion to over $523 billion.

• Based on present trends, by 2030, annual losses in the region could average US$160 billion a year.



People living at “extreme to high disaster risk” in

cities: predicted to rise from 742 to 980

million by 2030

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Source: ESCAP, 2015



South and South West Asia is at high risk

• South and South West Asia has high seismic and flood risks

• It is one of the most disaster prone sub-region with a high number of deaths (1,22,000) over the period 2005-2014

• It is also the second most disaster prone sub-region with around 497 events

9

100

200

300

400

500

600

ENEA SEA SSWA NCA Pacific

a) Occurrence

50

100

150

200

ENEA SEA SSWA NCA Pacific

Th

ou

san

ds

b) Deaths

By sub-region 2005-2014

Source: ESCAP, 2015



Countries with Special Needs (CSNs) are particularly at risk

• Small island economies and least developed countries are disproportionally affected

• CSNs have low capacity to respond to disasters

• CSNs face special challenges such as limited access to ICT and space infrastructure, a shortage of human capital and a lack of technical capacity

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AP-IS can build E-Resilience in the region

• Regional Initiative supported by ESCAP member countries

• A regional broadband network covering ESCAP Member countries and associate Member countries from Turkey to Kiribati

• It can addresses the causes of digital divides, develop Internet ecosystem which supports the implementation of the SDGs and stimulate digital economy

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AP-IS Four Pillars

• Resilient ICT Networks

• Support to disaster management systems

• Ensuring last mile disaster communication

E-Resilience

Traffic/ Network

Mgmt

Broadband for all

Connectivity

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Critical factors for E-Resilience

Some of the critical factors for e-resilience in the context of Asia-Pacific information superhighway, are as follows:

(a) shortening the time needed for restoration after a disaster;

(b) knowing disaster risks and designing for resilience;

(c) ensuring last-mile connectivity;

(d) promoting mobile and other communication means for redundancy and emergency communications; and

(e) exploring innovative mobile, GIS and space applications and big data

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DRM

Phases

ICT Roles

Risk

Prevention

Risk Reduction Preparedness

and Response

Recovery

Key Tasks Improving risk-

informed measures For investments, strategies, operations

Mitigating the chance of disaster-induced disruption, damage, losses

Lessening the impacts by preparing and being able to respond to

disaster

Restoring and

bouncing stronger Of functions, recover assets and

operations, and to build back better

ICT for its

own

resilience

Not to create new risks

Not to exacerbate

existing risks

Avoid and transfer risks

Address the underlying

risk factors

Reduce vulnerability

Increase capacity

/protection

Retrofit assets and capital

Reduce exposure

Invest in early warning

Continuity plan

Redundancy / backup

Response readiness

Training and drills

Contingency planning

Emergency mechanisms

Early recovery

Rapid assessment

Estimate needs

Recovery strategy

Invest to reduce

future risks

ICT for

society’s

resilience

ICT to improve risk

assessments

ICT for better analysis

ICT for development

planning

Risk databases

GIS, RS, ST for DRR

Knowledge, innovation,

Enhance coordination

Enhance risk monitoring &

warning

ICT for preparedness

Assessment and

emergency decision

making

Enhance communication

and coordination

Rapid assessments

and detailed PDNA

Enhance future

investments

E-resilience Matrix



Acquisition price

Research time

Operations and maintenance

System upgrade

Consumables

Security System integrity Privacy & confidentiality

Enhanced decision making

Cost-benefit of E-resilience

Redundancy



ICT Applications Advantages Disadvantages

Cell Broadcasting Not affected by traffic load. Will not add to congestion Messages can be differentiated by cells or sets of cells.

Greater authenticity of message.

Must be literate Phone must be switched on Phone must be set to receive cell broadcasting.

GIS and Remote Sensing Continuous monitoring. ·Spatial presentation of data. Facilitates cooperative effort.

Require high bandwidth and high speed Costly hardware, software , and skills Difficulty capturing qualitative data

Internet/Email Interactive Multiple sources can be checked for accuracy of information.

Low penetration rate Must be literate Content in local languages may be limited.

Mobile Phone (Text SMS) High penetration rate Portable. Relatively low cost

Must be literate No indication that message is generated by a

legitimate authority Subject to congestion and thereby delay

Radio One-to-many broadcasting Does not require user to be literate Portable. ·

Less effective at night.

Satellite Communications Independent of terrestrial communication network that can be damaged by natural hazards

High cost of systems hardware and bandwidth utilization

Unlikely to work indoors.

Telephone Does not require user to be literate. Inadequate penetration rates. Congestion of phone lines during emergencies

Disasters can damage infrastructure.

Television ·One-to-many broadcasting. ·Does not require user to be literate

·Less effective at night.

ESCAP/ Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information, 2009, ICT for Disaster Risk Reduction

E-resilience options



Way Forward

• Enhance e-resilience through use of existing and innovative technology

• Ensure last-mile connectivity

• Just as every sector can be affected by disasters, so every sector needs to consider how to make its activities disaster resilient, particularly ICT

• Mainstream DRR and resilient ICT into national policies and plans

• Build regional cooperation for knowledge sharing and capacity building

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THANK YOU

For further information please contact: Ms. Atsuko

Okuda: [email protected]

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