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Strategies and Measures
in the Danube River Basin
ICPDR
Hazardous
Substances Pollution
Dr. Mihaela Popovici
Technical Expert, Water Management, ICPDR
Karlsruhe May, 2011
Structure of the presentation
Danube River Basin and the ICPDR
WFD implementation
Results of Danube RBM Plan
Hazardous substances in the DRB
Future work
Map: EEA
Fall of Iron
Curtain
AT in EU CZ, HU, SK, SI
in EU
BG, RO
in EU
Danube
River
Protection
Convention
ICPDR
starts
operations
EU Water
Framework
Directive
Danube River
Basin Management
Plan
Danube Declaration
History of the ICPDR
ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
ICPDR established on the Danube River Protection
Convention (signed 1994) – legal frame for cooperation
Mandate to ensure conservation, improvement and
rational use of surface waters and groundwater
Reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances
Control floods and ice hazards
Reduce pollution loads to the Black Sea
ICPDR is the coordinating body for implementing the EU
Water Framework Directive and EU Floods Directive in the
Danube River Basin
Contracting Parties
1. Bosnia & Herzegovina
2. Serbia
3. Montenegro
4. Romania
5. Bulgaria
6. Rep. of Moldova
7. Ukraine
8. European Union
1. Germany
2. Austria
3. Czech Republic
4. Slovakia
5. Hungary
6. Slovenia
7. Croatia
Danube Commission
WWF
Internat. Association for Danube Research
Ramsar Convention
DEF – Danube Environmental Forum
REC - Regional Environmental Centre
International Commission for the Black Sea
Global Water Partnership
UNESCO – International Hydrological Programme
IAWD – Intern. Ass. for Waterworks in Danube Basin
Die Donau – Danube Tourist Commission
VGB Power Tech
Observers (1/2)
via donau
International Commission for Sava River Basin
European Barge Union
EWA - European Water Association
NFI - Friends of Nature International
CEDA - Central Dredging Organisation
EAA - European Angling Alliance
Observers (2/2)
Danube Parks
Carpatian Convention/UNEP
Ministerial Meeting February 16, 2010
ICPDR MINISTERIAL MEETING 2010
1. The ministers of all Danube
countries endorsed the
Danube Declaration,
which expresses the
commitment to further
reinforce transboundary
cooperation on sustainable
water resource
management within the
Danube River Basin.
EU Danube Strategy
Published in late 2010
ICPDR has observer status
Important for non-EU Members as well
TransNational Monitoring Network (TNMN)
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B u c u r e s t i
S o f i j a
B e o g r a d
S a r a j e v o
Z a g r e b L j u b l j a n a
B u d a p e s t
B r n o
B r a t i s l a v a W i e n
M ü n c h e n
1 3
1 5
8
1 2
1 4
1 1
1 0
9
7
6
5
4
2
1
C H
I
D
A
S L O
C Z P L
S K
H
H R
R O
CS
B I H
U A
M D
B G
C h i s i n a u
3
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
PIAC
Principal International Alert
Centres in Danube River Basin
PIAC
Accident Early Warning System
Danube List of Priority Substances - 2002
Background
1. Decision No 2455/2001/EC
2. WFD
3. determinands analysed within TNMN and JDS
4. results of Phare project ZZ-97-25 Component VI
The ICPDR List List of Priority Substances
1. Annex A identical with the EU WFD list.
2. Annex B divided into two groups
– General Parameters (COD, NH4, N, P) and
– Danube Specific Priority Substances (As, Co, Zn, Cr).
The revision based on the national surveys on priority substances and update of
the industrial discharges inventory. The national screenings should be focused on
the in-stream quality as well as on the emission sources.
Priority substances 1. Alachlor
2. Anthracene
3. Atrazine
4. Benzene
5. Brominated diphenylethers
6. Cadmium and its compounds
7. C10-13-chloroalkanes
8. Chlorfenvinphos
9. Chlorpyrifos
10. 1,2-Dichloroethane
11. Dichloromethane
12. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
13. Diuron
14. Endosulfan (alpha-endosulfan)
15. Fluoranthene
16. Hexachlorobenzene
17. Hexachlorobutadiene
18. Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane)
19. Isoproturon
20. Lead and its compounds
21. Mercury and its compounds
22. Naphthalene
23. Nickel and its compounds
24. Nonylphenols
25. Octylphenols
26. Pentachlorobenzene
27. Pentachlorophenol
28. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
21. (Benzo(a)pyrene)
22. (Benzo(b)fluoranthene)
23. (Benzo(g,h,i)perylene)
24. (Benzo(k)fluoranthene)
25. (Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene)
29. Simazine
30. Tributyltin compounds
31. Trichlorobenzenes (1,2,4-TCB)
32. Trichloromethane (Chloroform)
33. Trifluralin
+ COD, NH4-N, tot N, tot P, As, Cu, Zn, Cr
+ DDT, 4xdrins, TCE, PCE, CCl4
ICPDR recommendations to the CPs
The substances and groups of substances should be subject for the following measures:
1. Introduce subsequently these substances into the monitoring programmes for discharges wherever the possibility exists that those substances might occur
1. Introduce subsequently these substances into the monitoring programmes for the in-stream chemical status. Parameter No. 34 (Chemical Oxygen Demand) might be substituted by the parameter BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
2. Introduce subsequently these substances into permits for discharge of waste waters, which contain those substances regulate or their use via other relevant national legislation.
DRBM Plan Basis
Finalised end 2004
First comprehensive analysis of the
entire Danube River Basin
Basis for the DRBM Plan
Identification of significant water
management issues
Danube risk classification by risk categories
organic p.
nutrient p.
haz.subst.p.
hydromorph.
rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
at risk possibly at risk not at risk
pressures /
impacts from DE ATSK/
HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*
Danube risk classification by risk categories
organic p.
nutrient p.
haz.subst.p.
hydromorph.
rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
at risk possibly at risk not at risk
pressures /
impacts from DE ATSK/
HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*
rkm 2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
at risk possibly at risk not at risk
pressures /
impacts from DE ATSK/
HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO
2780 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
at risk possibly at risk not at riskat risk possibly at risk not at risk
pressures /
impacts from DE ATSK/
HU HR - CS BG/ROHU ROCS/RO*
Risk of failure to reach the environmental objectives
Risk due to
hydro-
morphological
alterations
nutrients
hazardous
substances
organic pollution
58 %
65 %
74 %
93 %
Significant Water Management Issues
Organic
Pollution Nutrient
Pollution
Hazardous
Substances Pollution Hydromorphological
Alterations
Reflects
• Water status of the DRB waters
• Significant Water Management Issues
Includes
• Joint Programme of Measures
• Evaluation on measure implementation
Enables
• Conclusions on investment & funding
• Potential link to Danube Strategy
Danube River Basin Management Plan - 2009
Organic Pollution
Danube Basin Vision
Zero emission of untreated
wastewaters into the waters
of the Danube River Basin.
Nutrient Pollution
Danube Basin Vision
The balanced management of nutrient emissions via point and diffuse sources in the entire DRB that neither the waters of the DRB nor the Black Sea are threatened or impacted by eutrophication.
Hazardous substances
Pollution Danube Basin Vision
No risk or threat to human
health and the aquatic
environment of the waters in
the DRB and Black Sea Basin
Programme of Measures
PROBLEMS OF THE DANUBE
25
Organic Poll.
SWIMI
Nutrients
SWIMI
Haz. Subst.
SWIMI
Several SWMIs affected by
measures
PROBLEMS OF THE DANUBE
Scenario concept
Four steps methodology:
(1) set out assumptions for possible developments regarding various sectors,
(2) develop scenario by combining different set of assumptions,
(3) map assumptions into load reductions and, in case of nutrient emissions into input parameters for MONERIS, and
(4) perform scenario assessments and nutrient scenario calculation with MONERIS using the relevant parameters.
Heart of DRBM Plan:
• Management objectives for each SWMI
• Measures on basin-wide scale
• Needs for future funding
JPM addresses the problems in Danube River Basin
Joint Program of Measures (JPM)
Urban wastewater treatment plants
UWWTPs > 10.000 p.e; UWWTPs 2,000 -
10.000
Transfer of the final results into the ICPDR
emission inventories databases
Industrial discharges
Preparation for future PRTR data use / interface to Emissions Inventories database
Agro - industrial units European Pollutants Emissions Register II (EPER)
Point sources Pressures assessment
TOC per industry
Direct emissions to water of TOC in t/y per industry in Danube basin (2004)
Pulp and paper industry
65%
Mineral oil and
gas refineries
3%
Basic organic chemicals
16%
Basic inorganic
chemicals and fertilisers
7%
Pharmaceutical
products
0%
Other activities
3%
Textile industry
0%
Metal industry
3%
Food industry
2%
Energy sector
1%
Mineral oil and gas refineries
Basic organic chemicals
Basic inorganic chemicals and fertilisers
Pharmaceutical products
Pulp and paper industry
Food industry
Textile industry
Energy sector
Metal industry
Other activities
Hazardous substances
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004 2001 2004
Ar Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb
T p
er
ye
ar
DE AT HU CZ SK SI
Reporting: all DRB ~ EPER II
Results:
Emissions from industry
still lower than those from agglomerations
Assessment of industrial wastewater development
Basin wide pressures analyses for hazardous substances pollution
National proposals for measures to reduce the pressures (point and diffuse sources, surface and groundwater)
Basin wide overview of measures
Key outcomes
Organic
Pollution
Reference Situation:
• 6,224 agglomerations > 2,000 PE in the DRB:
• 2,000 – 10,000 PE: 4,969 agglomerations
• > 10,000 PE: 1,255 agglomerations
• Many agglomerations without wastewater treatment or
sewerage connection
• No wastewater collection: more than 2,600 aggl.
= 11% of the generated load
Basic Facts
Oganic
Pollution
• Considerable reduction through measures of
Baseline Scenario-UWWT to be implemented by 2015 but
achievement of WFD environmental objectives on the
basin-wide scale 2015 not ensured
• Significant efforts still need to be undertaken
for next RBM cycles
Phosphorous Nitrogen
Nutrient
Pollution
•Management objectives and EU WFD objectives not ensured
•N emissions to surface waters in 2015: 12% lower. Loads to the Black Sea still
far above (40%) the load of the 1960‘s.
•P emissions to surface waters in 2015: 25 % lower. Load to the Black Sea still
above (15%) that of the 1960‘s
Introduction of Phosphate free detergents in the DRB
Key Conclusions: nutrients pollution reduction by 2015
Based on EPER (EU MS) and ICPDR Emission Inventory data
EU IPPC and other Directives key instruments for reduction
Lack of knowledge on sources , pathways and losses of
hazardous substances on the basin-wide scale
Estimation that management objectives and EU WFD
environmental objectives will not be achieved in 2015
Further measures needed
There is a need for more data and information on sources of
hazardous substances
Hazardous
Substances Pollution
Key Conclusions
Issues, next steps & information needs Insufficient knowledge and information
Need to support the update of the ICPDR Emission inventories
Using EU obligations to improve knowledge (emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances-EQS Directive), IPPC reporting, PRTR, etc.
Preparation for future PRTR data use / interface to Emissions Inventories database,
Measures assessment and implementation monitoring
Development of evaluation schemes to assess effectiveness of measures
Ensure use of tools for regular update of pollution reduction
Closing the information gaps on Hazardous Substances
……through the Inventory preparation for priority substances, an important measures highlighted in the Danube JPM
Legal basis:
Article 4(1)(iv) of the WFD
1.MSs shall phased-out the emissions, discharges and losses of priority HS and progressively reduce the pollution from PS
Article 5 of the EQS Directive (2008/105/EC)
1. MSs shall establish an inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of all 33 priority substances + 8 certain other pollutants for the RBD/ (international RBD), including concentrations in sediment and biota;
2.The reference period - 2008, 2009 or 2010
3. MSs shall communicate the inventories to the COM as part of the RBMPs, but the review of the inventories should be done as part of the reviews of the Article 5(2) of the WFD (next review: 22/12/2013).
Result: Inventory of discharges, emissions and losses
Planned Input 2012/2013 Implementation Report
Step 1: Assessment of significance
Identify significant/less significant substances at the RBD level
Using results of monitoring programmes (concentrations in water, and sediment and/or biota if relevant), WB at risk, information on production/use/ban, etc.
Include the rationale on which the decision was taken
Step 2: For the significant substances, a more thorough analysis
1. Based on emission data available: total load (kg/y), quantity discharged/production capacity (g/t), concentration (mg/l) reported (i.e E-PRTR, UWWTD)
2. And emissions factors (especially for diffuse sources emissions)
Still to be discussed based on testing results!!
Hazardous Substances
Further information: www.icpdr.org
Thank you!