icone2+ calorimeter digital · cutting edge pcb based technology in a modular and robust build with...

firetestingtechnology

Fire Tw R E s s Wes ex RH19 2H

iCone2+ Calorimeter(ISO 5660; ASTM E1354)

iCone2+ Calorimeter_digital 15/07/2020 11:09

Base view of conical heater

FIRE TESTING TECHNOLOGY

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The iCone2+ is the latestdevelopment in the FTTiCone range andincorporates all of the bestfeatures of our range ofcone calorimeters. It offerscutting edge PCB basedtechnology in a modularand robust build withremote communication,cone operation anddiagnostic facilities thatallow FTT the capability toefficiently respond,diagnose problems andservice installations, in allcorners of the world.

The iCone2+ is the mostadvanced, reliable and user friendly cone calorimeter inthe world.

Cone CalorimeterThe name “Cone Calorimeter” wasderived from the shape of thetruncated conical heater thatBabrauskas used to irradiate thetest specimen (100mm × 100mm)at fluxes up to 75 100kW/m2 in thebench scale oxygen consumptioncalorimeter that he and his co workers developed at NIST. TheCone Calorimeter is the mostsignificant bench scale instrumentin the field of fire testing because itmeasures important, realproperties of the material beingtested under a variety of preset fireconditions. These measurementscan be used directly by researchersor they can be used as data forinput into correlation ormathematical models, used topredict fire development.

Directly measured propertiesinclude:• Heat release rate• Time to ignition• Mass loss rate• Smoke production rate• Effective heat of combustion• Rates of release of combustion

gas (e.g. carbon oxides)

Oxygen ConsumptionPrinciple and HeatRelease RateThe heat release rate is the singlemost important parameter that canbe used to characterise fire. Itprovides a measurement of the sizeof the fire, and the rate of firegrowth, and allows calculation ofthe time available for escape orsuppression. Most fire parametersare directly proportional to the sizeof the fire so by knowing the heatrelease we also have a goodindicator of the level of smoke andother combustion products beinggenerated. Huggett and Parkerexamined in detail Thornton’sassumption that constant quantityof heat was released per unit ofoxygen consumed using a variety offuels, and assessed its effect on theaccuracy of heat releasemeasurement based on it. Theyconcluded:1. The heat release rate in a fire

can be estimated with goodaccuracy from two simplemeasurements, the flow of airthrough an exhaust and theconcentration of oxygen in theexhaust.

2. The heat release from a fireinvolving conventional organicfuels is 13.1kJ per gram ofoxygen consumed, with anaccuracy of ± 5% or better.

3. Incomplete combustion andvariation in fuel have only aminor effect on this result.Appropriate corrections can bemade if necessary.

4. The oxygen consumptiontechnique for heat releasemeasurement is adaptable to awide range of applicationsranging from small scalelaboratory experiments to very


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

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FTT’s Contribution tothe Development ofCalorimetryIn the mid 1980s FTT directorsworked with Babrauskas and othercolleagues to help developinternational test standards basedupon oxygen consumptioncalorimetry.

They also designed Europeanprototypes and Stanton Redcroft’scommercial Cone Calorimeter. FTT has been the world’s leadingmanufacturer of all calorimeters,including full scale calorimeters(e.g. Furniture Calorimeter, theISO 9705 Room Corner test and theSBI) since 1989. Throughout thisperiod FTT scientists and engineershave worked on several calorimetryresearch projects and contributedextensively to International,European, ASTM and BritishStandardisation groups.

International standards have beenpublished describing the equipmentand several national standardisationbodies have now published productstandards for use of the ConeCalorimeter in assessingperformances of finished products.• Furniture (ASTM E1474)• Wall lining materials

(ASTM E1740)• Prison mattresses (ASTM F1550)• Electric Cables (ASTM D6113)• Railway rolling stock applications

(EN 45545 2)• Maritime applications (IMO)

FTT has supplied more than 400Cone Calorimeters to customers, inapproximately 50 countries, forboth research studies and testing inaccordance with fire safetystandards. FTT’s specialist

large scale fire system tests. A number of heat releaseapparatuses have beendeveloped since and are basedon these findings. The mostimportant of these is the ‘ConeCalorimeter’.

Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimetry

Modelling withCalorimeter DataEarly work carried out in the USAand Sweden showed howsuccessful the Cone Calorimeterwas in generating good input datafor models.

After the EUREFIC projectdemonstrated excellent predictionof Room Corner test (ISO 9705)performance for wall liningmaterials from Cone Calorimeterdata, the European Commissionfunded several large multilabresearch projects to developmodels for prediction of theperformance of finishedconstruction products from smallscale calorimeter tests. Theseinclude the CBUF (CombustionBehaviour of Upholstered FurnitureProject) for Furniture, and FIPEC(Fire Performance of ElectricCables) for electric cables.

calorimetry design engineersensure their products integrate new developments. FTT’sproduction engineers are theworld’s most experienced ConeCalorimeter builders and its teamof specialist service engineersensure that FTT calorimeters arepromptly maintained, on all fivecontinents.

iCone2+ CalorimeterThe iCone2+ has all the advantagesof the conventional single purposeCone Calorimeter and has beenproduced to be the most easilymaintained cone in themarketplace. It fits into the smallestlabs and is easy to operate usingthe FTT user friendly, menu drivensoftware, which guides usersthrough the calibration, testing andreporting protocols. The apparatusmeets all existing Standards(including ISO 5660 1, ASTM E1354,ASTM E1474, ASTM E1740, ASTM F1550, ASTM D5485, ASTM D6113, CAN ULC 135 and BS 476 Part 15). It features aninteractive and intuitive interface,sophisticated and flexible controloptions, and built in dataacquisition technology for robustdata collection, analysis andreporting and is the most advancedCone Calorimeter produced in theworld.

Features of iCone2+

• Online support and remotediagnostics and control ofinstruments from FTT forinternet connected system

• Design based on cutting edgesurface mounted PCB technology

• PCB modular design facilitatesimproved serviceability andreliability

q. = (13.1 × 103) 1.10C P (X0O2 – XO2)

Te (1.105 – 1.5 XO2)

Where:

q. = Rate of heat release (kW)C = ate oe nt (kg1/2 . m1/2 . K1/2)P = Pressure dr r ate (Pa)

Te = Gas t rature a ate (K)XO2 = 2 in the

exhaust air (no units)X0

O2 = 2 in the exhaustair (no units)



• Improved laser mounting system for easier setup andcalibration and elimination ofthermal drift

• Robust engineering forimproved life expectancy of theinstrument

• Latest generation gas analysersbuilt with PCB and touchscreentechnology

• Remote cone assemblypositioning control, so thatheater specimen surfaceseparation can be adjusted pre and mid test, to facilitate testingof intumescing or thermallydistorting specimens

• Programmable heat fluxexposure regimes. Up to 10consecutive heat flux ramping orholding phases can beprogrammed

• Motorised heat shield to protectspecimen from heat exposurebefore test

• Automatic positioning andcontrol of spark igniter to ignitethe combustion gases from thespecimen

• Retractable 4 sided heatresistant glass protective screenwhich provides a draft freeenvironment around the firemodel with clear viewing fromall sides

• Heat resistant glass protectivescreen electronically controlled

• 5.5" colour touchscreen testcontrol panel adjacent tospecimen supplements principalcomputer control

• Automatic calibration byConeCalc Software

• Load cell resolution of 0.01g andload capacity up to 8.2kg(Sartorius cell)

• Load cell mounted on anindependent table to avoid anyvibration from exhaust fan

• All round access to specimenplatform for specimenpreparation and cleaning

• Easy to clean large, highlydurable black granite workingsurface

• Fire model protection alarmsystem

• Optional larger Cone fire modelfor testing specimens with verylow heat release rates. 150mm × 150mm specimens areexposed to uniform heat fluxover entire surface

A full iCone2+ systemconsists of:Conical Heater• 5kW electrical heating element

wound in the form of atruncated cone, rated 5000W at230V with a heat output up to75100kW/m2

• Motorised height adjustmentand control via 5.5" touchscreenduring test for materials thatintumesce

• Facility for testing horizontally or vertically orientatedspecimens

Temperature Controller• Software controls the

temperature of the conicalheater to give the desired heatflux via 3 typeK thermocouplesand a 3term (PID) temperaturecontroller

• A temperature profile during the test, consisting of up to 10 steps (e.g. 10kW/m2 up to75100kW/m2), can be set usingthe ConeCalc software

• Cone temperatures relating toheat fluxes are establishedbefore the test using the HeatFlux Calibration routine in theConeCalc software

Motorised Heat Shield• Automatic/Manual control of a

split shutter mechanism via 5.5"touchscreen or ConeCalcsoftware to protect specimenfrom heat exposure before test

• Ensures the initial massmeasurement is stable and theoperator has additional time forsystem checks before startingthe test. This added time is veryimportant for easilyignitablesamples, which often igniteprematurely if a shuttermechanism is not used.

Specimen Holders• Made of stainless steel• For specimens 100mm × 100mm

up to 50mm thick, in thehorizontal and verticalorientation

Specimen Spacers• A set of 6 different specimen

spacers are provided for easyand precise adjustment

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5.5" touchscreen


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

Load Cell• Mass measurements are taken

using a strain gauge load cellwith a resolution of 0.01g

• Mounted on an independenttable to avoid any vibration fromexhaust fan

Spark Ignition• 10 kV spark generator fitted

with a safety cutout device• Automatic positioning and

control of spark igniter via 5.5"touchscreen or ConeCalcsoftware to ignite thecombustion gases from thespecimen

Glass Protective Screen• Made of heat resistant glass• Manual and automatic control

via 5.5" touchscreen orConeCalc software

• Provides a large draftfreeenvironment around the firemodel

• When in the lower position, the screens are retracted

below the large working granite surface which allowsunrestricted access to the firemodel

• Screen assembly rises frombelow the working surface toenclose the specimen area on allfour sides

Exhaust System• Manufactured from stainless

steel for long life• Comprising large hood (to

ensure all combustion gasescollected), gas sampling ringprobe, exhaust fan (withadjustable flow controls from 050g/s, at a resolution of0.1g/s) and an orifice plate flow measurement(thermocouple and differentialpressure transducer)

• Normal operation is at anominal 24 ℓ/s (range 050 ℓ/s)

Gas Sampling• Comprising soot filters, pump,

moisture trap (CO2 removal trap,if not measured) and mass flowcontroller (MFC). The MFCallows maximum control of flow

to the analyser duringcalibration and test, reducingerrors and drift

Gas Analysis• FTT Calorimeter Analyser

featuring Paramagnetic oxygensensor with atmosphericpressure compensation. Infraredcarbon dioxide sensor (010%)and carbon monoxide areoptional.

• Developed and optimisedspecifically for the FTTcalorimeters this analyserfeatures flow control and bypassfor fast response, low drift andnoise and is compatible withsmall, medium and largecalorimeters.

Smoke Obscuration• Measured with a laser system,

using Silicon photodiodes, and a0.5mW HeliumNeon laser, withmain and reference(compensating) photo detectors

• Supplied with alignment cradleand 0.3 & 0.8 neutral densityfilters for calibration

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Specimen spacers

Heat flux meter and calibration burner



Heat Flux Meter• For setting the irradiance level at

the surface of the specimens• The heat flux is automatically set

using the ConeCalc software,heat flux meter andtemperature controller

Calibration Burner• For calibrating the rate of heat

release measured by theapparatus using methane of99.5% purity. Mass flow ofmethane is controlled viaConeCalc software and a massflow controller for optimisingaccuracy of the systemcalibration

5.5" Colour Touchscreen and PLCControl System• Simple to use HMI user interface

and setup menus for operatingthe Cone Calorimeter andproviding control and display ofall main system parameters, e.g.– Frequency of Exhaust Blower– Spark igniter positioning

(inout) and control (onoff)– Fire Model Heat Shield

control– Fire Model Glass Protection

Screen control– Height adjustment of Heater– Fire Model Protection Alarm

System

Data Acquisition• Data Acquisition/Switch Unit

featuring a 3slot cardcage withup to 6½ digit (22 bit) internalDMM enabling up to 120 singleended or 48 doubleendedmeasurements. Scan rates up to250 channels/s are availablewith a USB and Ethernetinterface as standard. Allreadings can be automaticallytime stamped and can be stored

in a nonvolatile 50,000readingmemory

ConeCalc Software• Userfriendly Windows based

ConeCalc user interface withpushbutton actions, data entryfields and capable of:

– Instrument control andshowing status of theinstrument

– Fully automatic calibration ofgas analysis instrumentationand storage of calibrationresults

– Fully automatic Cfactorcalibration with the use ofmass flow controller

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Large Cone Fire Model and Control Unit

17" touchscreen PC and ConeCalc software


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

– Cfactor calibration via poolfire (ethanol) routine

– Collecting data generatedduring a test

– Calculating the requiredparameters

– Averaging of multiple tests– Presenting the results in a

manner in accordance withISO 56601, ASTM E1354 andEN 455452

– Exporting calculated data to CSV(comma separated variable) filesfor quick transfer tospreadsheets.

Test Parameters• Heat flux (kW/m2)• Flow rate in exhaust duct (ℓ/s)• Cfactor (m1/2 ∙ kg1/2 ∙ K1/2)

• Ignition time and extinction time (s)

• Heat release rate (kW/m2)• Smoke production rate (m2/s)• Mass loss, Mass loss rate (g, g/s)• Effective heat of combustion

(MJ/kg)• Specific extinction area (m2/kg)• CO2 yield (kg/kg)• CO yield (kg/kg)• Total heat release (MJ/m2)• MARHE (kW/m2) [Maximum

average rate of heat evolved]• Total oxygen consumption (g)

Options• Integrated Carbon Dioxide and

Carbon Monoxide NDIR gasanalysers

• Sartorius Load Cell (increasedrange)

• Soot Mass Sampling• Large Cone Fire Model

(ISO/TS 56604, ASTM E2965) –for testing samples 150mm ×150mm and gives uniform heatflux over entire sample surface

• Controlled AtmosphereAttachment – for testingspecimens in low oxygenatmospheres (021%) that maybe found in well developed fires,or for studying the effects ofgaseous suppressants or otherdynamic controlledatmosphereenvironments. The coneassembly is located on top ofthe enclosure with exhaust gasexiting through the cone only.The cabinet replaces theconventional cone assembly butuses the same controllers as the

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Controlled Atmosphere AttachmentFTIR Combustion Gas Analysis System



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normal cone. There is a door onthe front of the assembly with aviewing window. Changingbetween the standard firemodel and this unit is simple.The Cone Calorimeter is fittedwith a gas mixing attachment tomix air and nitrogen which canbe supplied at flows between 0200ℓ/min to the chamber. The gas supply lines are fittedwith flow meters and flowstatflow controllers and a mixingchamber. These are external tothe enclosure chamber andhoused in a mobile control unit

• FTIR – The FTT FTIR is anadvanced gas analyser used forcontinuous measurement ofcombustion gases in conjunctionwith FTT’s Cone Calorimeter,Smoke Density Chamber or SBI.The analysis of gases in fireeffluents is very complex andchallenging due to the greatnumber of different organic andinorganic chemicals which theseatmospheres can contain. FTT’sFTIR is fully configurable to meetthe requirements of severalinternational standards

including ISO 19702, ISO 9705and EN 455452. It is capable ofindividual analysis of airborneconcentrations of CO, CO2, NO,

NO2, SO2, HCI, HF, Phenol,Acrolein, water vapour, etc. TheFTT FTIR is a modularconstruction comprising of FTIRgas analyser, heated samplingunit and a touch screen PCwhich are mounted in a 19" rack

• Cone Corrosimeter – Built inaccordance with ASTM D5485and used for assessing thecorrosive potential ofcombustion products

Flexibility with FTTCalorimetersWhen used with the ConeCalorimeter, the analysis rack iselegantly located with the iCone2+ unit. When required for theLarge Scale Calorimeter this gasanalysis rack is quickly decoupledfrom the iCone2+ main frame andtransferred, on the factoryfittedcastors, to the new location forequally quick connection to powerand sampling lines of the largercalorimeter.

FTT calorimeters are designed tohave interchangeable modules thatgive our clients maximumoperational or upgrade flexibility.The analysis systems of the iCone2+ can be transported to largecalorimeters within minutes.Almost all ducted rigs like theIEC 603323 can be readilyconverted to large calorimeters byuse of the rack from the iCone2+

and an instrumented duct insertwhich FTT provides. The latterhouses all necessary gas sampling,temperature and duct flow rateprobes.

Gas Analysis Rack

Cone Corrosimeter


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

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Unrivalled Experience inDesign and ManufacturingFTT’s site in East Grinstead, is home to the largest group of fire scientists andinstrumentation design engineers working on fire testing instrumentation, and is at the heart of our design andmanufacturing. For more than 30 years FTT has provided the highest quality instruments and service for fire testing and research professionals worldwide, directly and through its extensive global sales and support network.

Quality• Worldclass

manufacturing inaccordance withmultiple internationaland national standards,including: EN, ISO &ASTM

• ISO 9001, ISO 14001certified

Integrity• A dedicated team

passionate about firetestinginstrumentation andcontinuous productimprovement

• Delivering reliable,robust and easytouseinstruments for thepast 30 years

Excellence• A worldclass team

made up of qualifiedfire scientists,mechanical, electricaland electronic fireinstrument designengineers andproduction, installationand maintenanceengineers

Global• Worldwide

distribution networkfor global sales,installations, training,maintenance andtechnical support

• Leading global supplierof the ConeCalorimeter, LargeScale Calorimeter, NBSSmoke Chamber andOxygen Index



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Truncated Conical Heater and Fire Model

Element

• 5kW electrical heating element

Heater

• Heat flux up to 75100kW/m2

• Motorised height adjustment and control via 5.5" touchscreen during test for materials that intumesce• Heat flux can be gradually increased during test in 10 predetermined steps and automatically controlled via software, e.g. 10kW/m2 increases up to

100kW/m2

Heat shield

• Motorised• Automatic/Manual control via 5.5" touchscreen or software to protect specimen from heat exposure before test

Spark igniter

• Automatic positioning and control via 5.5" touchscreen or software to ignite the combustion gases from the specimen• Spark gap of 3mm located 13mm above the centre of the specimen

Heat resistant glass protective screen

• Manual and automatic control via 5.5" touchscreen or software• Provides a draftfree environment around the fire model • When in the lower position, the screens are retracted below the large working granite surface and allows unrestricted access to the fire model• Screen assembly rises from below the working surface to enclose the specimen area on all four sides

Large cone fire model (optional)

• For testing samples 150mm × 150mm• Uniform heat flux over entire surface

Specimen Holder, Weighing Device & Specimen Handling

Specimen holder

• A square pan with an opening of 106mm × 106mm at the top, and a depth of 25mm, constructed from stainless steel

Retainer edge frame

• A stainless steel frame with inside dimension 111mm × 111mm, and opening of 94mm × 94mm

Sample size

• 100mm × 100mm

Sample thickness

• Up to 50mm

Load cell

• Resolution of 0.01g • Mounted on an independent table to avoid any vibration from exhaust fan

Load capacity

• Up to 8.2kg (Sartorius Load Cell) • Up to 5.0kg (Standard Load Cell)

iTrap

• Moisture removal controlled by a microprocessor with builtin stainless steel heat exchanger• Adjustable setpoint temperature• Status display

Black granite working surface

• Easy to clean, durable• Additional working space compared with traditional Cone Calorimeters


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

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Exhaust Gas System with Flow Measuring Instrumentation

Duct diameter

• 114mm

Nominal exhaust flow rate

• 24 ℓ/s

Orifice plate

• Internal diameter 57mm located in chimney to measure duct flow

Sampling ring

• 685mm from the hood, contains 12 small holes with a diameter of 2.2mm

Gas sampling apparatus

• Incorporates a pump, soot filter, moisture trap and optional CO2 removal trap, mass flow controller (for precise control of flow to analyser and reducingdrift) controlled via software

Soot mass sampling (optional)

• Operated by mass flow controller automatically from software

Calibration Burner

Construction

• A tube with a 500mm2 square orifice covered with wire gauze

Control

• Methane flow controlled at required heat release using a mass flow controller

Instrumentation for Gas Analysis

19" Gas analysis rack

• Detachable to be used with other large scale calorimeters, e.g. SBI, Room Corner test, etc.

Oxygen analyser (FTT Calorimeter Analyser)

• Paramagnetic type with a range of 025% Oxygen. t10t90 response time less than 12s. Drift typically less than 20ppm in 30 minutes• Low noise. Specially designed for FTT

Carbon dioxide (optional)

• Nondispersive infrared type with a range of 010%. Fast response. Specially designed for FTT

Carbon monoxide (optional)

• Nondispersive infrared with a range of 01%. Fast response. Specially designed for FTT

Smoke Density Measurement

Light source

• 0.5mW HeliumNeon laser beam

Detectors

• Silicone photodiode



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Data Logger

Resolution

• Up to 22 bits

Recording time

• Up to 250 channels per second

Storage

• Raw data recorded for each test is stored and can be retrieved

5.5" Colour Touch Screen and PLC Control System

Simple to use HMI user interface and setup menus for operating the Cone Calorimeter and providing control and display of all main system parameters, e.g.

• Frequency of Exhaust Blower• Spark igniter positioning and control• Fire Model Shield control• Fire Model Glass Screen control• Height adjustment of Heater

17" Touch Screen PC (inside Gas Analysis Rack)

Userfriendly Windows based ConeCalc user interface with pushbutton actions and data entry fields and capable of:

• Instrument control and showing status of the instrument• Fully automatic calibration of gas analysis instrumentation and storage of calibration results• A temperature profile during the test, consisting of up to 10 steps, can be set in order to automatically set the heat flux onto the specimen• Fully automatic Cfactor calibration with the use of a mass flow controller • Cfactor calibration via pool fire (ethanol) routine• Collecting data generated during a test• Calculating the required parameters• Presenting the results in a manner in accordance by ASTM E1354, ISO 56601 and EN 455452

Test Parameters

• Heat flux (kW/m2)• Flow rate in exhaust duct (ℓ/s)• Cfactor (m1/2 ∙ kg1/2 ∙ K1/2)• Ignition time and extinction time (s)• Heat release rate (kW/m2)• Smoke production rate (m2/s)• Mass loss, Mass loss rate (g, g/s)• Effective heat of combustion (MJ/kg)• Specific extinction area (m2/kg)• CO2 yield (kg/kg)• CO yield (kg/kg)• Total heat release (MJ/m2)• MARHE (kW/m2)

[Maximum average rate of heat evolved]• Total oxygen consumption (g)


ICONE2+ CALORIMETER

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Vitiated Atmosphere System (optional)

For testing reduced oxygen atmospheres – 0% to 21%

FTIR Toxicity Test Apparatus (optional)

Measuring Principle

• FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared)

Performance

• Unlimited simultaneous analysis of multiple gases• Preloaded analysis for 21 gas species• Userfriendly and comprehensive software package to enhance gas analysis• Detachable 19" rack system which can be disconnected and used with other fire test applications

Zero Point Calibration

• 24 hours, calibration with Nitrogen (5.0 or higher N2 recommended)

Zero Point Drift

• < 2% of measuring range per zero point calibration interval

Sensitivity Drift

• None

Linearity Deviation

• < 2% of measuring range

Temperature Drifts

• < 2% of measuring range per 10 K temperature change

Pressure Influence

• Pressure measured and compensated for in gas cell

Gas Species:

• H2O • CO2 • CO • NO • NO2 • N2O• SO2 • HCl • HCN • HBr • HF • NH3

• CH4 • C2H6 • C3H8 • C2H4 • C6H14 • HCHO• Phenol • Acrolein • COF2

Service Requirements

Electric:

220250VAC, 28A, 50/60 Hz. Single Phase for the main frame220250VAC, 6A, 50/60 Hz. Single Phase for the gas analysis rack

Water:

210 kPa (30 psi)

Exhaust Extraction:

250500 ℓ/s

Standard Gases:

Nitrogen (oxygenfree), Methane (UHP 99.5%)

Optional:

Span gas consisting of CO 0.85%, CO2 8.5%, balance nitrogen

Due to the continuous development policy of FTT technical changes could be made without prior notice.


icone2+ calorimeter digital · cutting edge pcb based technology in a modular and robust build with...

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