icecs, athens – december 15 th 2010

On the receiver system feasibility

for mobile DVB – S applications

in the Ku – Band (10.7 – 12.75 GHz)An Introduction to the Design methodology

ICECS, Athens – December 15th 2010

A. Fouque 1, J – B. Bégueret 1, Y. Deval 1, D. Belot 2

1 IMS Laboratory – University of Bordeaux, France

2 Innovation & Collaborative Research, STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France

Satellite

Outline

• Objectives :

Contribution to the design of a low cost and low power Front – End

to receive Digital Television

on mobile handhelds ( laptop, multimedia player … )

• Contents :

Context and Motivations

Presentation of the suggested demonstrator

DVB – S standard and the system specifications

Front – End feasibility

Conclusion and perspectives

Terminals

ICECS 2010 A. Fouque 2

Satellite

Satellite Earth

Station

Terrestrial Repeater

MMContents

PrimaryPrimaryDistributionDistribution

NetworkNetwork


NetworkNetwork

IPDCHeadEnd

How to receive TV on mobile devices ? ( 1 / 2 )

Broadcaster

ICECS 2010 A. Fouque 3DemonstratorContextSpecification

sFeasibility Conclusion

Satellite

Terminals

Satellite Earth

Station

Terrestrial Repeater

MMContents


NetworkNetwork


NetworkNetwork

IPDCHeadEnd

How to receive TV on mobile devices ? ( 2 / 2 )

Broadcaster



ATSC M / H( ATSC ))

DVB – SH ( DVB – H )

CMMB( sTiMi )

ISDB – T ( OneSeg )

DMB – T ( GB20600 – 2006 )

S – DMB ( T – DMB )

MediaFLO( Qualcomm )

UMTSMBMS / HSDPA

DVB – H ( DVB – T )

T – DMB ( S – DMB )

“ TV to Mobile ” : a lot of suitors ( standards ) !

Above 1 GHz

Above 1 GHz Below

1 GHzBelow 1 GHz

Mobile DVB – S

10.5 – 12.75 GHz



Why satellite reception on mobile devices ?

Advantages for receiving television via the Satellite :

Diversity of TV programs ( hundreds of digital channels )

Optimum quality of digital sound and video

Availability of High Definition ( HD ) broadcast programs

Coverage of the whole European area

Advantages of mobile television :

Watching TV in motion ( in a car, a train … )

Watching live broadcasts without staying at home

Having a light, compact device which allows the user to bring it

whenever and wherever he wants.

Mobile television : its development is in going

with great perspectives and future …

Terminals



Mobile application issues and requirements

• Propagation environment :

Multipath from terrestrial reflections

Interferences and fading

Doppler Effect

Optimal reception whatever the conditions

• Mobile application requirements :

High level of integration ( compact )

High flexibility

Low power consumption

Low cost

Architecture and design improvements



• A classical receiver :

LNA

Mixer

ADC FFT FFT-1 DAC

Channel selection

10 – 12 GHz 0 – 2 GHz

Baseband

Not appropriated for the targeted applications :

high power consumption due to the use of 2 converters

high cost

large area



Overall system description


33 MHz

0

Baseband

Self – Calibration

10 – 12 GHz 0 – 2 GHz Symbol rate ≤ 33 MHz

f IF

f IF =1.1 GHzB= 200 MHz

33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2

FFT FFT - 1 Channel selection

SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2

f RF =11.7 GHzB= 200 MHz

f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2

DVB – S standardQPSK modulation

ADC

• The suggested demonstrator :

To overcome the environmental problems :

multi – path , lack of information, noisy signal, losses

To meet the DVB – S requirements




N – Array Antenna :

Receive multiple

signals

33 MHz

0

Baseband



f IF


33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2


SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2


f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2


ADC





Receive multiple

signals

RF Front – End :

Downconvert and recover

the desired information

33 MHz

0

Baseband



f IF


33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2


SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2


f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2


ADC





Receive multiple

signals

Analog Processor [ 1 ]:

- Calibrate the Front – End

- Select the channel and demodulate the

signal to baseband

SASP ~ Filter and Mixer behavior

RF Front – End :



33 MHz

0

Baseband



f IF


33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2


SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2


f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2


ADC

[ 1 ] F. Rivet, Y. Deval, J-B. Bégueret, D. Dallet, P. Cathelin, D. Belot, “The first experimental demonstration of a SASP-based full Software Radio receiver”, pp. 25 – 28, RFIC 2009





Receive multiple

signals

33 MHz

0

Baseband



f IF


33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2


SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2


f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2


ADC

ADC converter :

Finalize the

Digital Signal

Processing



Analog Processor [ 1 ] :

- Calibrate the Front – End

- Select the channel and demodulate

the signal to baseband

SASP ~ Filter and Mixer behavior

RF Front – End :




Innovative system due to phased array solutions, analog calibration, channel selection and baseband demodulation !

RF Front – End :

Downconvert and recover the

desired information

This work

33 MHz

0

Baseband



f IF


33 MHz

f IF - B/2 f IF + B/2


SASP

LNA

Mixer

LNA

Mixer

Σ

fLO = 10.6 GHz

Front – End

f RF + B/2


f RF

33 MHz

f RF - B/2


ADC



DVB – S standard specifications

source : T. Copani, «A 12-GHz Silicon Bipolar Dual-Conversion Receiver for Digital Satellite Applications» , JSSC, vol. 40, N°6, June 2005

• Characteristics of Digital broadcasting systems using satellite :

large frequency band to be received ( 1 – 2 GHz )

high channels selectivity ( many unwanted channel interferers )

5 or 6 transponders around 11.7 GHz : system bandwidth = 200 MHz

• Standard specifications :

ICECS 2010 A. Fouque 15DemonstratorContext Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Parameter Value

RF bandLB : 10.7 – 11.7 GHzHB : 11.7 – 12.75 GHz

IF bandLB : 0.95 – 1.95 GHzHB : 1.1 – 2.15 GHz

LO frequenciesLB : 9.75 GHz

HB : 10.6 GHzConversion Gain 56 dBIn-band gain variation ± 4 dBSSB Noise Figure 0.6 dBOutput IP3 + 15 dBmLO Phase Noise – 95 dBc / Hz @ 100 kHz

Methodology for studying the feasibility of the Front – End

• How to study the feasibility of the mobile HDTV Front – End ?

1)Select the components nature and parameters

2)Simulate the system performances ( Power Gain, Noise Figure, Linearity … )

To meet DVB – S requirements

3)Solve issues from the thinking about the system feasibility

4) Realize the design of critical blocks

• Set – up for the receiver simulation :

Ideal Phased Array

receiver

Power Splitter

P Out

P 1 In

P N In

P In

P In = N * P 1 In = … = N * P N In

( S / N ) In ( S / N ) Out

powerouput input / Total:

inreceiver theofpower Input :

ratio noise tosignalOutput Input / :/

:where

/

,

OutIn

Ini

OutIn

P

P

NS




• Diversity principle

Phased array block diagram with N active elements

Combining signals coherently

Combining noisy sources incoherently ( decorrelated sources )

Diversity principle

Simplified Front – End



In phase and coherent

Combining of Signals

Incoherent Combining of

Noise

Σ

FR

OM

SA

SP

PR

OC

ES

SO

R

DESIRED

OUTPUT SIGNAL

1st receiver

LNA

Mixer

PhaseShifter

2nd receiver

LNA

Mixer

PhaseShifter

Nth receiver

LNA

Mixer

PhaseShifterPhase Control

Phase Control

Phase Control

pIn / N

pIn / N

pIn / N

G1, F1, IIP31

G2, F2, IIP32

GN,FN,IIP3N

pOut

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Tota

l Ga

in (

dB

)

Gain_LNA ( dB )

Gain_mix = 2 dB

Gain_mix = 6 dB

Gain_mix = 10 dB

Gain_mix = 14 dB

Gain_mix = 18 dBGain_mix ä


Receiver Power analysis

• Simulated Total gain VS. the system parameters :

• Output power ( linear ) expressed as :

• Theoretical total gain such as :

for a N – array receiver ( here, N = 8 )

1_with_2

1

2

1

ccombgN

GN

ccombN

nn

InN

nn

InOut

ppp

where comb_c : coupling coefficients

Gn : gain of each receiverN : number of receivers NGPPG InOuttot log10

where Pin , Out : total Input / Output power ( dBm )

ICECS 2010 A. Fouque 18DemonstratorContext Specifications Feasibility Conclusion

Total gain

with Gain_mix = 10 dBGain_LNA = 21 dB

G = 31 dB

3,64,04,44,85,25,66,06,46,87,27,68,08,48,89,29,6

10,0

0,6 1 1,4 1,8 2,2 2,6 3 3,4 3,8 4,2 4,6 5 5,4 5,8 6,2 6,6 7

Tota

l NF

( d

B )

NF_LNA ( dB )

Note : Unchanged total NF

whatever NF_mix

• Simulated Noise Figure (NF) VS. the system parameters :


Receiver Noise analysis ( 1 / 2 )

Target NF = 0.6

dB

NFNSNSNF OutIntot

where : (S/N)In , Out : Input / Output Signal to Noise ratios ( dB )

FNFg

FFF

LNA

MixerLNA log10and

1



• Friis formula expressed as :for a single receiver

• Theoretical total NF defined as : for a N – array receiver ( here, N = 8 )

total NF Є [ 4 ; 5 ] dB with noisy antenna source total NF Є [ 3 ; 4 ] dB with noiseless antenna source

with

G_LNA = 21 dB

G_mix = 10 dB attainable with CMOS technology

6,0

6,5

7,0

7,5

8,0

8,5

9,0

7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Tota

l NF

( d

B )

Gain_LNA ( dB )

Note : Unchanged total NF

whatever G_mix


Receiver Noise analysis ( 2 / 2 )

• Conclusion about the receiver noise analysis :Difficulty to meet the noise requirements :

issue to be solved with design improvements and / or an additional block after downconversion

Target NF = 0.6 dB

• Friis formula expressed as :for 1 path

•Theoretical total NF defined as : for a N – array receiver ( N = 8 )

FNFg

FFF

LNA

MixerLNA log10and

1



• Simulated Noise Figure ( NF ) VS. the system parameters :

NFNSNSNF OutIntot

with

NF_LNA = 4 dB

NF_mix = 9 dB

when G_LNA > = 21 dB total NF ~ ~ 7 dB with noisy antenna source total NF ~ ~ 5 dB with noiseless antenna source

-25

-21

-17

-13

-9

-5

-1

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Tota

l IIP

3 ( d

Bm

)

Gain_LNA ( dB )

IIP3_mix=-11 dBm IIP3mix=-7 dBm IIP3_mix=-5 dBm

IIP3_mix=-1 dBm IIP3_mix= 1dBm


Receiver Linearity analysis

• Total IIP3 VS. the system parameters :

Target IIP3 = – 41 dBm

• Total IIP3 expressed as :

for 1 path

for a N-array receiver( N = 8 )

23,33,3

33333

log10;log10and

log10and_iip_iip

1

iip

1

NOIPOIPNIIPIIP

iipIIPmixer

g

LNA

tottot

LNA



optimal total IIP3

Improvement of the linearity thanks to diversity techniques …

with Gain_mix = 10 dBIIP3_LNA = – 10 dBm

IIP3 = – 26 dBm

Sum – up of the values for the overall system

Gain improvement by 10 * log( N ) OIP3 improvement

by 10 * log( N ² )

NF unchanged




ParameterLNA Mixer One

receiverEight

ReceiversGain ( dB ) 21 10 31 40SSB Noise Figure ( dB ) 4 9 ~ 5 ~ 5

Input IP3 ( dBm ) – 10 – 5 – 26 – 17

Target Gain

= 56 dBTarget NF = 0.6 dB

Target IIP3 = – 41 dBm

Ideal Phased Array

receiver

Power Splitter

P Out

P 1 In

P N In

P In

P In = N * P 1 In = … = N * P N In

( S / N ) In ( S / N ) Out

Conclusion and Perspectives

• Status of this work :

Feasibility of the suggested demonstrator in spite of some thinking about its

implementation

First prototype of antennas with promising first results

Impossible to meet noise requirements because of technology limitations despite

the increase of antennas number

Solution : to be improved with design enhancements

and / or an additional block for reducing noise

Average during the analog sampling ( patent pending )



Thank you

for your

attention !ICECS 2010 A. Fouque 24DemonstratorContextSpecification


On the receiver system feasibility for mobile DVB –S applications in the Ku – Band ( 10.7 – 12.75 GHz )

An Introduction to the Design methodology

icecs, athens – december 15 th 2010

Documents

mobile devices

system specifications

mobile dvb s applications

receiver system feasibility

mobile application issues

mobile handhelds laptop

dvb s requirements

digital television