ice throw hazard - windeurope · download the poster windeurope.org/summit2016 #windsummit2016 1....

Download the poster windeurope.org/summit2016 #windsummit2016 1. Wichura, B., 2013. The Spatial Distribution of Icing in Germany Estimated by the Analysis of Weather Station Data and of Direct Measurements of Icing, Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop On Atmospheric Icing Of Structures (IWAIS 2013). Compusult Ltd., St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, September 8-11, 2013, pp. 303- 309. 2. Schneider J., Schlatter H. P.; Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit im Bauwesen - Grundwissen für Ingenieure; 1. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1994. 3. DIN EN 50126, Bahnanwendungen – Spezifikation und Nachweis der Zuverlässigkeit, Verfügbarkeit, Instandhaltbarkeit und Sicherheit (RAMS), Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., März 2000. Typically no long term measurements available at wind farm sites High uncertainty when extrapolating data from meteorological stations to wind farm sites and hub heights Germany's National Meteorological Service (DWD) published a method to calculate icing which includes effects of local topography /1/ Ice throw from wind turbines is a serious hazard. Especially close to traffic ways there is a demand of an individual risk analysis. No national or international standards exist but are urgently needed. The aim of this poster is to give an overview over the critical points which should be assessed in a future guideline. Ice Throw Hazard Experiences and Recent Developments in Germany Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hahm, Dipl.-Met. Nicole Stoffels F2E Fluid & Energy Engineering GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany, www.f2e.de PO.337 Abstract Annual Icing Events Risk Analysis Methods for Ice Throw Calculation References Minimum Endogenous Mortality (MEM) /3/: Hazard due to a new technical system should not significantly augment the mortality. Accepted risk per 100 000 persons per year: 1. Conclusions The demand for risk assessments of ice throw from wind turbines has increased in the German market during the last few years. The technical part of calculating the trajectories of ice fragments can be solved quite accurately. There is much more uncertainty in the assessment of icing days and the risk threshold that can be applied. During the last years approaches and methods have developed within the German market, but there is still a strong need for a standardization of the methods. Monte Carlo Simulation of ~1 million 3-dimensional ice pieces Moments of inertia and aerodynamical forces included Ice hit distribution and flight distance may strongly depend on the terrain Distribution of ice hits for ice fall and ice throw in non complex terrain: Shift to larger distances Maximum distance dominated by storm events 0,000 0,010 0,020 0,030 0,040 0,050 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 relative frequency of flight distance flightdistance / (hubheight + rotordiameter) Icethrow Icefall Actual ice mass per icing event depends on blade geometry Ice hit distribution with terrain influence Accepted risks of death per 100 000 persons per year /2/. 0,000 0,010 0,020 0,030 0,040 0,050 0,060 0,070 0,080 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 relative frequency of flight distance flightdistance / (hubheight + rotordiameter) Icethrow Icefall Ice hit distribution without terrain influence Distribution of ice hits for ice fall and ice throw in complex terrain: Strong influence of terrain on flight distance

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windeurope.org/summit2016#windsummit2016

1. Wichura, B., 2013. The Spatial Distribution of Icing in Germany Estimated by the Analysis of Weather Station Data and of Direct Measurements of Icing, Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop On Atmospheric Icing Of Structures (IWAIS 2013). Compusult Ltd., St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, September 8-11, 2013, pp. 303-309.

2. Schneider J., Schlatter H. P.; Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit im Bauwesen - Grundwissen für Ingenieure; 1. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1994.

3. DIN EN 50126, Bahnanwendungen – Spezifikation und Nachweis der Zuverlässigkeit, Verfügbarkeit, Instandhaltbarkeit und Sicherheit (RAMS), Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., März 2000.

Typically no long termmeasurements available at windfarm sites High uncertainty whenextrapolating data frommeteorological stations to windfarm sites and hub heights Germany's NationalMeteorological Service (DWD)published a method to calculateicing which includes effects oflocal topography /1/

Ice throw from wind turbines is a serious hazard. Especially close to trafficways there is a demand of an individual risk analysis. No national orinternational standards exist but are urgently needed. The aim of this posteris to give an overview over the critical points which should be assessed in afuture guideline.

Ice Throw HazardExperiences and Recent Developments in Germany

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hahm, Dipl.-Met. Nicole StoffelsF2E Fluid & Energy Engineering GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany, www.f2e.de

PO.337

Abstract

Annual Icing Events

Risk Analysis

Methods for Ice Throw Calculation

References

Minimum Endogenous Mortality (MEM) /3/:Hazard due to a new technical system should not significantly augment themortality. Accepted risk per 100 000 persons per year: 1.

Conclusions

The demand for risk assessments of ice throw from wind turbines has increasedin the German market during the last few years. The technical part ofcalculating the trajectories of ice fragments can be solved quite accurately.There is much more uncertainty in the assessment of icing days and the riskthreshold that can be applied. During the last years approaches and methodshave developed within the German market, but there is still a strong need for astandardization of the methods.

Monte Carlo Simulation of ~1 million 3-dimensional ice pieces Moments of inertia and aerodynamical forces included Ice hit distribution and flight distance may strongly depend on the terrain

Distribution of ice hits for icefall and ice throw in noncomplex terrain:Shift to larger distancesMaximum distance dominatedby storm events

0,000

0,010

0,020

0,030

0,040

0,050

0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2

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tive

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