Course on

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

for

Mechanical EngineeringSemester - VI

Term Work Evaluation

Term Work:• Term work shall consist of minimum 08 experiments,

assignments and written test. • The distribution of marks for term work shall be as

follows:

Laboratory work (experiments/assignments): ...... (15) Marks.

Test (at least one): ............... (10) Marks.

Practical Examination:................. (25) Marks.• TOTAL: ..................... (50) Marks.

Experiments and AssignmentsList of Experiments:

1) Study of carburetor. 2) Study of ignition system. 3) Study of fuel injection system. 4) Morse Test on petrol engine. 5) Speed Test on petrol or/and diesel engine. 6) Load Test on diesel engine (engines). 7) Heat Balance test on diesel or petrol engines. 8) Experimental determination of Air fuel ratio. 9) Exhaust Gas/Smoke analysis of S.I./ C.I. engines 10) Effect of Supercharging on Performance Characteristics of an engine

Practical Examination: • Practical examination of 2 hours duration based on the laboratory

experiments. • Viva-.voce can be conducted during practical examination.

Text and ReferencesText Books:

1. Internal Combustion Engine - Mathur and Sharma 2. Internal Combustion Engine - E.F. Oberi. 3. Internal Combustion Engine - Domkundwar 4. Internal Combustion Engine - V. Ganesan - TataMcGraw Hill

References: 1.Internal Combustion Engines - Richard Stone - Palgrave Publication 2. Internal Combustion Engine - S.L. Beohar 3. Internal Combustion Engine - Gills and Smith. 4. Internal Combustion Engine - P.M Heldt. 5. Power Plant Engineering - Morse 6. Internal Combustion Engines - V.L. Maleeve 7. Internal Combustion Engines - Taylor. 8. Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals - John B. Heywood 9. Internal Combustion Engines S.S.Thipse,JAICO. 10. Internal Combustion Engines Willard w.pulkrabek, Pearson Education.

Course Content

• Construction features and types of IC Engines• Two stroke and Four stroke engines• Actual and Ideal cycle analysis• Carburetion theory and analysis• Ignition and Injection system analysis• Combustion phenomena of S.I and C.I Engines • Fuel injection system for S.I and C.I Engines

Module - 1

Module - 1

• Construction features of Reciprocating IC Engines• Types of Combustion Engines• Two stroke and Four stroke engines• Comparative study of 2S and 4S Engines • Ideal cycle analysis viz. Otto, Diesel, Dual cycle

analysis• Fuel-Air cycle analysis and its effects on

performance parameter• I.C Engine performance parameters

A typical cut view of IC Engine

Classification of IC Engine

Classification based on Cylinder arrangement

Applications of Engines

Cross-section of four-stroke cycle S1 engine showing engine components;(A) block, (B) camshaft, (C) combustion chamber, (D) connecting rod, (E)

crankcase, (F) crankshaft, (G) cylinder, (H) exhaust manifold, (I) head, (J) intakemanifold, (K) oil pan, (L) piston, (M) piston rings, (N) push rod, (0) spark plug, (P)

valve, (Q) water jacket.

Components of I.C Engine

Components of I.C Engine

Cylinder Block with Valve train

Double Overhead Cam arrangement of I.C Engine

Working of 4-Stroke Engine

Working of 2-Stroke Engine

Comparative study of 4-S and 2-S I.C Engine

• Cycle completes in 4-S• Turning moment is not uniform• One power stroke in every two

revolution• Power to weight density is less • Lower rate of wear and tear • Less cooling is required• Valve arrangement for charge flow• Initial cost is more• Volumetric efficiency is more• Thermal efficiency is higher• Used where efficiency is important

viz., cars, buses, truck etc.

• Cycle completes in 2-S• Turning moment is uniform• One power stroke in each

revolution• Power to weight density is more• Higher rate of wear and tear• More cooling is required• Valveless (Ports) arrangement for

charge flow• Initial cost is less• Volumetric efficiency is less• Thermal efficiency is lower• Used where low cost,

compactness and light weight are important viz., mopeds, scooters, motorcycles etc.

Piston cylinder crankshaft arrangement on I.C Engine

Piston components of I.C Engine

Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly of I.C Engine

Actual Indicator diagram on I.C Engine

Brake Power and Engine Torque Characteristics of I.C Engine

Properties or Characteristics of Thermodynamics

Ideal Cycle Analysis (Otto Cycle) p-v Diagram

Thermodynamic Analysis of Otto Cycle

Thermal efficiency vs. Compression ratio

Ideal Diesel Cycle Analysis

Comparison of Otto, Dual, Diesel cycle based on performance parameter

( TIt)OTTO > (TIt )DUAL > (TIt )DIESEL

Comparison contd..

( TIt )DIESEL > (TIt )DUAL > (TIt )OTTO

Actual Engine or Air-Fuel Cycles• Real engines operate on an open cycle with changing composition.

• There is a loss of mass during the cycle due to crevice flow and blowby past the pistons.

• In a real engine inlet flow may be all air, or it may be air mixed with up to 7% fuel.

• Specific heats of a gas have a fairly strong dependency on temperature and can vary as much as 30% in the temperature range of an engine (for air, cp = 1.004 kJ/kg-K at 300 K and cp = 1.292 kJ/kg-K at 3000 K ).

• Heat loss during combustion lowers actual peak temperature and pressure from what is predicted. The actual power stroke, therefore, starts at a lower pressure, and work output during expansion is decreased.

• SI engines will generally have a combustion efficiency of about 95%, while CI engines are generally about 98% efficient.

• SI engine is always somewhat less than what air-standard Otto cycle analysis predicts. This is caused by the heat losses,. friction, ignition timing, valve timing, finite time of combustion and blowdown, and deviation from ideal gas behavior of the real engine.