ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management

Bhubaneswar

Rain water Canal water Ground water Waterlogged Area Waste water

Management Management Management Management Management

SK Ambast

Director, ICAR-IIWM, Bhubaneswar - 751023 (Odisha)

Estb in 1988 as WTCER Renamed as DWM

Vision Sustainable development of on-farm water management technologies

for enhanced agricultural productivity and improved livelihood under different agro-ecological regions

Mission Basic, applied and strategic research activities to address diversified

water management issues with institutional linkages, infrastructural support and capacity building to achieve sustainability and growth

Mandate Strategies for efficient management of on-farm water resources for sustainable agricultural productivity Coordinate research for generating location specific technologies for efficient use of water resources Centre for training in agricultural water management

ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management

Water and Food Security: Challenges By 2050

Rainwater Management

Water Productivity

Irrigation Efficiency

(+111 M t) (-324 BCM)

National

Food Security

2050

(+20% IE) (+46% WP)

Sustainability

20 Agro-Ecological Regions

Canal Water Management

Groundwater Management

Wastewater Management

Water Resource

Development &

Management

&

Water

Governance &

Policy

Climate Change

Particulars Eastern Region* India Share (%)

Ultimate Irrigation Potential (Mha) 33.66 139.89 24

Irrigation Potential Created (Mha) 21.83 123.34 18

Irrigation Potential Utilized (Mha) 14.30 91.12 16

% of IPC to UIP 64.85 88.11 -

% of IPU to IPC 65.52 73.88 -

% of NIA to NSA 35.46 42.15 -

Net annual groundwater availability (BCM/year)

120 399 30

Groundwater Development (%) 27 58

Cropping Intensity 144 136

* West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Assam

Irrigation Status in Eastern Region (up to 10th Five Year Plan)

Irrigation coverage and productivity of rice/rice-based cropping systems are the lowest in the eastern region

Irrigation Coverage & Productivity of Rice-based Cropping

Per Capita Water Availability in Odisha State Basin Basin Area Per Capita Water

Availability-2001 (m3)

Per Capita Water

Availability-2050 (m3) (Km2) (%)

Rushikulya 8,963 5.76 1341.87 1021 (*)

Budhabalang 6,354 4.08 1616.61 1412 (*)

Baitarani 13,482 8.66 1976.01 1348 (*)

Kolab 10,300 6.61 2263.65 1623

Subernarekha 2,983 1.92 2365.24 1766

Brahmani 22,516 14.46 3634.95 1928

Mahanadi 65,628 42.15 3651.06 2434

Nagavali 4,500 2.89 4921.89 3433

Indravati 7,400 4.75 4967.08 3379

Bahuda 890 0.57 5194.73 3758

Vansadhara 8,960 5.75 8174.97 5579

Area directly

draining to sea

3,731 2.40

Total / Average 155,707 100 3,358.17 2,218

*Water stressed

WRD/Capita : India - 200 m3 ; China - 1200 m3 and USA - 1900 m3

Technological Options for Ensuring Water to

Every Farm: An ICAR Perspective

RWH in Lined Tanks

(a) Dug out tank (b) Laying of silpauline

(c) Reinforced plastering (d) Finished lined tank

Ex-Situ RWH and Optimal Land/Water Allocation

Area allocation (%)

Crop

OFR full

OFR empty to a supplemental irrigation (SI)

80% Labour

OFR empty to a SI + 80 % labour

Rice 20 20 20 20

Chilli 50 50 35 40

Cucumber 15 - 10 5

Watermelon 15 10 35 15

Wheat - - - -

Cotton - - - -

Net agril profit in rabi (Rs)

759 548 662 496

Net agril profit in Kharif (Rs)

667 667 667 667

Total profit from OFR (Rs)

1426 1215 1329 1163

Harvesting of overland flow by check dam-cum-well system and efficient use

through micro-irrigation

Parameters Amount Remark

Additional storage 4000 -10000 m3 At any point of time

Total volume diverted for irrigation 80000 m3 During kharif

Additional area irrigated 13-15 ha

3-5 ha

During kharif

During rabi & summer

Average productivity enhancement 2.87 - 4.67 t/ha For paddy in kharif

0.63 - 0.92 t/ha For green-gram in rabi

22 - 34% Rabi & summer vegetable

Increase in cropping intensity 31%

Enhancing gross return 62%

Benefit: cost ratio 2.30

IRR 14.3% Payback period of 3 years

ICAR Flexi-Check Dam (Rubber Dam)

100 Rubber dam under CRP on Water

In-Situ RWH by Land Shaping in Rainfed Humid Agriculture

BBF system

Paddy-fish system

In-situ RWH, apart from water storage for 2nd crop, reduces waterlogging by 70%

Vegetables

Backyard Poultry

Fishery

Floriculture (intercrop, embankment)

Pepper Rice - Sugarcane

Duckery

Coconut

Azolla Goat

Compost

Dairy cattle

Residues to compost, compost to crops

Fodder on embankment

Fish + poultry +

duck

Wastes to compost

Water Resources

Fish waste

Ring well

Pond Based Integrated Farming System (IFS)

Net Profit: 2-3 lakhs/annum

Land & Water Productivity in Canal Irrigated Agriculture

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15

Distributary ID (Buxar Canal)

Evp

fract / Y

ield

/ W

UE

-S

Evp fract(-)

Yield(t/ha)WUE(Kg/m3)

Laser leveller improves water productivity and area under irrigation whereas benchmarking water productivity using remote sensing & GIS is key

Improving Irrigation System Performance

Crop Area (%)

Prod Loss (%)

Prod. (kg)

WUE Kg/m3)

CP1

Wheat-I 35 0.0 1575 0.98

Wheat-II 20 1.5 887 0.96

Pulses+OS 15+5 2.8 194 0.47

Vegetable 3 2.5 585 5.11

Scane 2 0.0 1000 -

CP4

Wheat-I 50 4.3 2153 1.27

Wheat-II 35 12.0 1386 1.17

Pulses+OS 5+5 7.2 93 1.28

Vegetable 3 2.5 585 5.11

Scane 2 0.0 1000 -

CP5

Wheat-I 60 4.3 2584 1.27

Wheat-II 40 12.0 1584 1.17 Deficit Irrigation

Deficit irrigation and use of micro-irrigation enhances water productivity and net profit

Recharge through Abandoned Wells

Artificial Groundwater Recharge by Shaft

Recharge Volume and Economics

Particulars

Quantity Unit Cost (Rs.)

Total Cost*

(Rs.)

1. Installation of pipe with boring (6 dia. bore

and 4 dia. PVC pipe with perforations

2.Excavation & disposal of dug soil & refilling of pit

with filter materials (3m*3m*3m).

3. Procurement of filter material

(a) Coarse sand

(b) Gravel

(c) Pebbles

1 No.

27.00 m3

4.95 m3

8.55 m3

13.50 m3

@ 8000

@ 50/m3

@ 300/m3

@ 350/m3

@ 400/m3

8000

1350

1485

2993

5400

Total Cost 19230

Cost of recharge - Rs 10 /100 m3

-16

-12

-8

-4

18.6

.98

20.7

.98

06.8

.98

20.8

.98

04.9

.98

17.9

.98

07.1

0.98

Time (day)

Dep

th to

wat

erta

ble

(m)

with recharge tubewell

without recharge

rubewell

-16

-12

-8

-4

18.6

.98

20.7

.98

06.8

.98

20.8

.98

04.9

.98

17.9

.98

07.1

0.98

Time (day)

Dep

th to

wat

erta

ble

(m)

with recharge tubewell

without recharge

rubewell

-16

-12

-8

-4

18.6

.98

20.7

.98

06.8

.98

20.8

.98

04.9

.98

17.9

.98

07.1

0.98

Time (day)

Dep

th to

wat

erta

ble

(m)

with recharge tubewell

without recharge

rubewell

(a)

(b)

(c)

Artificial Groundwater Recharge

Wastewater Use for Crop Production

Use of treated sewage water with high OC load enhances land productivity

Crops Yield with TSW

(t/ha)

Yield with FGW

(t/ha)

Increase in yield (%)

Mustard 2.80 2.50 11

Wheat 4.20 3.80 10

Cauliflower 22-25 16-22 12

Cabbage 7-8 5-7 13

The changes on waterlogging scenarios in premonsoon (left ; 15.5.2014) and post monsoon

(right ; 23.11.2014) period in Bhagalpur district ( ) shaded area is waterlogged area

Delineation of waterlogged areas in Assam and Bihar were carried out

through assessment of the district wise status of waterlogged areas with

the help of LISS III data (1:50,000 scale) for the period 2005-2006 for

identifying scope for cultivation of suitable crops and aquaculture in

waterlogged areas.

Delineation of WL Areas in Eastern India to

Formulate Strategies for Enhancing WP

Mitigating Seasonal Waterlogged Areas through Land

Shaping and Aquatic Crops

.

Water productivity of Rs. 7-14/m3 was obtained

Waterlogging tolerant medicinal plant (Acorus calamas) has potential to provide Rs. 50,000/ha

Deep water rice (cv. Hangseswari)

has potential to yield 1.0-3.0 t/ha

depending upon the flooding depth and time .

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana

Strategic Planning

Population, Power

Livestock, Industry Rainfall Landuse

Irrigated Area and

Scope of improvement

Water Demand Water Availability

Inflow-Outflow

Surface Water Groundwater Domestic/Industrial

Water Demand

Crop Water

Demand

District Irrigation Plan

(District/Blockwise DPR)

, . , ,

.. / ... 14 (07-12 . 2015)

... 3 (07-12 2015)

80 160 150 . 80 100 80 40 Jharkhand 45

Districts Villages and no. of farm families

Khorda Bhakrasahi (50), Poijhari (69), Haladibasanta (126), Naranpur (72), Sarata

(122), Chhatabar (220), Durgapur (150), Giringaput (200) , Haridamada

(100), Jammujhari (85), Total = 1194

Jagatsingpur Khadal (98), Irikundal (83), Hasim Nagar (44), Dhinkia (16). Bindhapada

(30), Total = 271

Puri Sukala aisanyapara (124), Alisha (227), Churali (109), Parimanoipur (75),

Sukalapara (79), Total = 674

Kendrapara Madana (150), Naindipur (200), Chandapalla (50), Patakura (105),

Jagannathpur (315), Total = 820

Dhenkanal Khalibandha (89), Nuagaon (327), Sadeiberini (100), Gajamara (70),

Saptasajyapada (45), Total = 631

Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav

Adopted 3590 farm families in 30 villages of 5 districts in Odisha

Other Activities

Awards

Thank You.