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ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718DOC 9718 Fif h di iFif h di i

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718DOC 9718 Fif h di iFif h di iDOC 9718 DOC 9718 –– Fifth editionFifth editionDOC 9718 DOC 9718 –– Fifth editionFifth edition

Available in 2010Available in 2010

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook

Organization of the HandbookOrganization of the Handbook

Nine Chapters:Nine Chapters:

11 IntroductionIntroduction1 1 –– IntroductionIntroduction2 2 –– Objectives and purpose of the HandbookObjectives and purpose of the Handbook3 3 –– The International Telecommunication UnionThe International Telecommunication Union

h l kh l k4 4 –– The ITU Regulatory FrameworkThe ITU Regulatory Framework5 5 –– ICAO involvement in Frequency and SpectrumICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum6 6 –– Overview of the Spectrum Management ProcessOverview of the Spectrum Management Processp gp g7 7 –– Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO PolicyStatement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO Policy8 8 –– Future Spectrum RequirementFuture Spectrum Requirement99 –– Interference protection considerationsInterference protection considerations9 9 –– Interference protection considerationsInterference protection considerations


Eight Attachments:Eight Attachments:

Organization of the Handbook (2)Organization of the Handbook (2)

Eight Attachments:Eight Attachments:A A –– Definition and TermsDefinition and TermsB B –– Acronyms and AbbreviationsAcronyms and AbbreviationsC C –– Regulation of Radio in aircraft Regulation of Radio in aircraft D D –– Review and update (of the Handbook)Review and update (of the Handbook)EE –– Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAOStrategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO

ee

E E Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO Position for ITU World Radiocommunication Position for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences Conferences

FF ICAO position for the ITU WRCICAO position for the ITU WRC 1212F F –– ICAO position for the ITU WRCICAO position for the ITU WRC--1212G G –– Technical Information and Frequency Sharing Technical Information and Frequency Sharing

criteriacriteriaH H –– Radio Resolutions and RecommendationsRadio Resolutions and Recommendations


Chapter 1 Chapter 1 -- IntroductionIntroduction

Introduces the Handbook and highlights:Introduces the Handbook and highlights:

--RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must be RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must be ppavailable to the States and radio servicesavailable to the States and radio services--Competition between users for spectrumCompetition between users for spectrum--RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITURF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU--RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITURF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU--Aeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiencyAeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiency--RF congestion in spectrum utilizationRF congestion in spectrum utilization

l f lll f ll--International competition for spectrum allocationsInternational competition for spectrum allocations--Various processes on spectrum allocationsVarious processes on spectrum allocations


ITU i th i li d f th U it d N ti llITU i th i li d f th U it d N ti ll

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 –– Objectives and purposesObjectives and purposes

- ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all telecommunication matterstelecommunication matters

--ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations onICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations onICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on aeronautical mattersaeronautical matters

--ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical p y gp y grequirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU --WRC’sWRC’s

--ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a national levelnational level

--ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation CommissionICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation Commission

--ICAO position and policy statements are approved by CouncilICAO position and policy statements are approved by Council


Chapter 3 Chapter 3 –– the International Telecommunication Union (1)the International Telecommunication Union (1)

- The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all Telecommunication matters. on all Telecommunication matters.

--Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from any kind of work on (aeronautical) telecommunications, any kind of work on (aeronautical) telecommunications, including Standardizationincluding Standardizationincluding Standardizationincluding Standardization

--ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World Radiocommunication Conferences. Radiocommunication Conferences.

--Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only be Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only be modified at WRC’smodified at WRC’s


Chapter 3 Chapter 3 –– the International Telecommunication Union (2)the International Telecommunication Union (2)Chapter 3 Chapter 3 –– the International Telecommunication Union (2)the International Telecommunication Union (2)

--National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanismNational Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism--National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism for developing national proposals to ITU Conferencesfor developing national proposals to ITU Conferences

--Such proposals take into account the interests of all users ofSuch proposals take into account the interests of all users ofSuch proposals take into account the interests of all users of Such proposals take into account the interests of all users of spectrum, including aeronautical interestsspectrum, including aeronautical interests

--The Radio Regulations also include a number of The Radio Regulations also include a number of administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing) administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing)

--Technical work in ITU takes place in the Radiocommunication Technical work in ITU takes place in the Radiocommunication St d GSt d GStudy GroupsStudy Groups

--Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional Telecommunication organizationsTelecommunication organizationsTelecommunication organizations. Telecommunication organizations.

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookC O ad o eque cy a dbooC O ad o eque cy a dbooITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication OrganizationsITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication Organizations

C O ad o eque cy a dbooC O ad o eque cy a dbooITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication OrganizationsITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication Organizations

160º 140º 120º 100º 80º 60º 40º 20º 0º 20º 40º 60º 80º 100º 120º 140º 160º 180º 170º

170º

75º75º

ABC

60º60º

40º40º

REGION 1

REGION 2

CITEL

CEPT RCC4040

30º30º

20º20º

0º0º

CITEL ATU

ASMGAPT

40º40º

30º30º

20º20º

ABCREGION 3 REGION 3

CITEL

160º 140º 120º 100º 80º 60º 40º 20º 0º 20º 40º 60º 80º 100º 120º 140º 160º 180º

170º

170º

60º 60º

Coverage of regions by regional telecommunication organizations approximately

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework for

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework forChapter 4 Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical radio servicesaeronautical radio servicesChapter 4 Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical radio servicesaeronautical radio services

ITU Radio Regulations:ITU Radio Regulations:--Spectrum allocationsSpectrum allocations--Registration of frequency assignmentsRegistration of frequency assignments--Registration of frequency assignmentsRegistration of frequency assignments--Special (administrative) provisionsSpecial (administrative) provisions--Frequencies for aviation are for safety Frequencies for aviation are for safety S t ll ti t S i d t h f th thS t ll ti t S i d t h f th th--Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the three Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the three

ITU RegionsITU Regions--National or subNational or sub--Regional allocations are made through Regional allocations are made through g gg gfootnotes [to the table of allocations]footnotes [to the table of allocations]--Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the Radio RegulationsRadio RegulationsRadio RegulationsRadio Regulations


Overview of Overview of services to which services to which spectrum hasspectrum hasspectrum has spectrum has been allocated been allocated



aeronautical radio services (2)aeronautical radio services (2)Chapter 4 Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical radio services (2)aeronautical radio services (2)

Aeronautical CommunicationsAeronautical CommunicationsAeronautical CommunicationsAeronautical Communications

--Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:

--2.8 2.8 –– 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27)30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27)

--117.975 117.975 –– 137 MHz137 MHz

--112 112 –– 117.975 MHz, 960 117.975 MHz, 960 –– 1164 MHz 1164 MHz (shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service)(shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service)

--50915091 –– 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS AMS and AMT)5150 MHz (shared with ARNS AMS and AMT)--5091 5091 –– 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT)5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT)

--Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed provisions on the use and coordination of HF frequenciesprovisions on the use and coordination of HF frequencies





Allocations for use by radionavigation have been made to theAllocations for use by radionavigation have been made to the

--Radionavigation ServiceRadionavigation ServiceR di i tiR di i ti t llit S it llit S i--RadionavigationRadionavigation--satellite Servicesatellite Service

--Aeronautical Radionavigation ServiceAeronautical Radionavigation Service

Special provisions require States to remove interference fromSpecial provisions require States to remove interference fromSpecial provisions require States to remove interference from Special provisions require States to remove interference from radionavigation servicesradionavigation services

Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systemsProvisions for the identification of radio navigation systemsProvisions for the identification of radio navigation systems Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systems (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio RegulationsRegulations

ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework for

ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework forChapter 4 Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for



Relation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPsRelation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPs

--The ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationallyThe ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationallyThe ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationally The ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationally agreed policies on the use of RF spectrum by ALL radio agreed policies on the use of RF spectrum by ALL radio servicesservices

--ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum must ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum must comply with these policiescomply with these policies

--Radio Regulations and SARPs form a complimentary Radio Regulations and SARPs form a complimentary set of provisions on the use of RF spectrum by aviation set of provisions on the use of RF spectrum by aviation





Frequency coordination and registrationFrequency coordination and registrationFrequency coordination and registrationFrequency coordination and registration

--In principle, coordination of frequency assignments In principle, coordination of frequency assignments between States to be performed by ITUbetween States to be performed by ITUp yp y

--In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices) for:for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices) for:

NDBNDB--NDBNDB--ILS, VOR, DME, GBASILS, VOR, DME, GBAS--VHF COMVHF COM

--ICAO can assist in preICAO can assist in pre--coordination of HF frequency coordination of HF frequency assignments assignments





ITU Standards and ITU RecommendationsITU Standards and ITU Recommendations

--ITU does not develop standards for aeronautical ITU does not develop standards for aeronautical radio systemsradio systems

--ITU develops ITUITU develops ITU--R Recommendations which may R Recommendations which may ff t th f ti l tff t th f ti l taffect the use of aeronautical systems affect the use of aeronautical systems

--In most cases, ITUIn most cases, ITU--R Recommendations address R Recommendations address aspects on sharing of frequency spectrumaspects on sharing of frequency spectrumaspects on sharing of frequency spectrum aspects on sharing of frequency spectrum (co(co--frequency and adjacent frequency)frequency and adjacent frequency)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 –– the ITU Regulatory Framework forthe ITU Regulatory Framework for

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 –– the ITU Regulatory Framework forthe ITU Regulatory Framework forChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– the ITU Regulatory Framework for the ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical services (7)aeronautical services (7)Chapter 4 Chapter 4 –– the ITU Regulatory Framework for the ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical services (7)aeronautical services (7)

Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to theRadio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to theRadio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Handbook) needs to comply with:Handbook) needs to comply with:

--Telecommunication regulations:Telecommunication regulations:--Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency bandsbands--Comply with technical provisions on spurious emissionComply with technical provisions on spurious emissionComply with technical provisions on spurious emissionComply with technical provisions on spurious emission--Comply with relevant ITUComply with relevant ITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations--Operate in accordance with a radio station licenseOperate in accordance with a radio station license

--Aeronautical regulationsAeronautical regulations--Operators and station license recognized by StatesOperators and station license recognized by States--Equipment covered by airworthiness certificationEquipment covered by airworthiness certificationEquipment covered by airworthiness certificationEquipment covered by airworthiness certification--Comply with provisions of Annex 10Comply with provisions of Annex 10

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework for

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4Chapter 4 The ITU Regulatory Framework forThe ITU Regulatory Framework forChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical radio services (8)aeronautical radio services (8)Chapter 4 Chapter 4 –– The ITU Regulatory Framework for The ITU Regulatory Framework for


National regulations:National regulations:--National authorities issue radio station licenceNational authorities issue radio station licence

--License is for the installation and use of radioLicense is for the installation and use of radioLicense is for the installation and use of radio License is for the installation and use of radio equipment and is recognized by all ICAO equipment and is recognized by all ICAO contracting Statescontracting States

Airworthiness approval requiredAirworthiness approval required--Airworthiness approval requiredAirworthiness approval required

Airworthiness approvalAirworthiness approval--To secure compatibility with other radio equipment To secure compatibility with other radio equipment and electronic systems on board an aircraft and electronic systems on board an aircraft --Technical Standing OrderTechnical Standing Ordergg--Minimum Performance SpecificationsMinimum Performance Specifications

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– ICAO involvement in frequency planningICAO involvement in frequency planningChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– ICAO involvement in frequency planningICAO involvement in frequency planning

ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigationICAO develops Standards for communication and navigationICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation systems (Art. 37 of the ICAO Convention)systems (Art. 37 of the ICAO Convention)--Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires l b ll l bl lll b ll l bl llglobally available allocationsglobally available allocations

ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU conferencesconferencesconferencesconferences--Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:

--Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)(SARPs)--Interference levelsInterference levels--Resolution of interferenceResolution of interferenceeso ut o o te e e ceeso ut o o te e e ce--Frequency planning criteria for aviationFrequency planning criteria for aviation

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– ICAO involvement in frequency planning (2)ICAO involvement in frequency planning (2)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– ICAO involvement in frequency planning (2)ICAO involvement in frequency planning (2)

ICAO ti iti t l i tICAO ti iti t l i tICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:

--Global level (ACP; WG F):Global level (ACP; WG F):--Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to beDevelops ICAO policy statements; these are to beDevelops ICAO policy statements; these are to be Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to be used in all discussions affecting aeronautical used in all discussions affecting aeronautical spectrumspectrumICAO position fo ITU on specific ae ona ticalICAO position fo ITU on specific ae ona tical--ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical

requirements to be discussed at WRC’srequirements to be discussed at WRC’s

--Regional level:Regional level:Regional level:Regional level:--Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment plansCoordination of ICAO frequency assignment plans

Support from individual ICAO contracting States is essentialSupport from individual ICAO contracting States is essentialSupport from individual ICAO contracting States is essentialSupport from individual ICAO contracting States is essential

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 6 Chapter 6 –– Overview of the spectrum management process Overview of the spectrum management process

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 6 Chapter 6 –– Overview of the spectrum management process Overview of the spectrum management process

Regulatory domainRegulatory domain--ITU Radio RegulationsITU Radio Regulations

Technical domain:Technical domain:Technical domain:Technical domain:--ITUITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations

Licensing domain:Licensing domain:ce s g do ace s g do a--Radio station licence (issued by States)Radio station licence (issued by States)

Registration domain:Registration domain:--ITU international Frequency list ITU international Frequency list --ICAO frequency listsICAO frequency lists

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process (2)Overview of the spectrum management process (2)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process (2)Overview of the spectrum management process (2)

Elements of the technical domain:Elements of the technical domain:

--Allocation planningAllocation planningAllocation planningAllocation planning--World wide or Regional allocationsWorld wide or Regional allocations--Primary or secondary allocationsPrimary or secondary allocationsFootnote allocationsFootnote allocations--Footnote allocationsFootnote allocations

--Service sharingService sharing--ITUITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations--Frequency planning Frequency planning

--ITU frequency assignment plansITU frequency assignment plans--ICAO frequency assignment plansICAO frequency assignment plansICAO frequency assignment plansICAO frequency assignment plans

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process (3)Overview of the spectrum management process (3)Overview of the spectrum management process (3)Overview of the spectrum management process (3)

State of the art and spectrum managementState of the art and spectrum management

R d h h i d fR d h h i d f--Recent advances through increased use of computer Recent advances through increased use of computer technology in frequency assignment planningtechnology in frequency assignment planning

--New technology introduces system improvements New technology introduces system improvements resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. channel resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. channel splitting)splitting)splitting) splitting)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)Overview of the spectrum management process (4)

Spectrum management in the future:Spectrum management in the future:

--Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio servicesGreater demand for spectrum expected from all radio servicesGreater demand for spectrum expected from all radio servicesGreater demand for spectrum expected from all radio services

--Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of spectrum Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of spectrum between servicesbetween services

--Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not used or Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not used or not efficiently usednot efficiently used

--In some countries spectrum pricing is being proposedIn some countries spectrum pricing is being proposed

--Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient systemsProgressive introduction of more spectrum efficient systems

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 7Chapter 7 -- Statement of frequency allocationStatement of frequency allocation

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 7Chapter 7 -- Statement of frequency allocationStatement of frequency allocationChapter 7 Chapter 7 Statement of frequency allocation, Statement of frequency allocation,

technical details and ICAO policy technical details and ICAO policy Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Statement of frequency allocation, Statement of frequency allocation,

technical details and ICAO policy technical details and ICAO policy

S ti 7S ti 7 II Li t f f b d f i tiLi t f f b d f i ti--Section 7Section 7--II List of frequency bands for aviationList of frequency bands for aviation

--Section 7Section 7--IIII Civil aviation frequency allocationsCivil aviation frequency allocationsq yq y

--Section 7Section 7--III III Other provisions in the Radio RegulationsOther provisions in the Radio Regulations

--Section 7Section 7--IVIV ITU Resolutions and RecommendationsITU Resolutions and Recommendations

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookStatement of frequency allocation technical details andStatement of frequency allocation technical details and

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookStatement of frequency allocation technical details andStatement of frequency allocation technical details andStatement of frequency allocation, technical details and Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and

ICAO policy (2)ICAO policy (2)Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and

ICAO policy (2)ICAO policy (2)

--Section 7Section 7--I List of frequency bands in use for civil I List of frequency bands in use for civil aviationaviation

Band Service Aviation use

Section7-II

page noBand Service Aviation use page no.

*90–110 kHz RNS LORAN-C 7-15

*130–535 kHz ARNS NDB/locator 7-19

2 850–22 000 kHz AM(R)S Air-ground communications(HF voice and data)

7-31

3 023 and 5 680 kHz AM(R)S Search and rescue 7-41

74.8–75.2 MHz ARNS Marker beacon 7-43

*108–117.975 MHz ARNSAM(R)S

VOR/ILS localizer/GBAS/VDL Mode 4

7-47

*117.975–137 MHz AM(R)S Air-ground and air-air communications

(VHF voice and data)

7-59

121.5, 123.1 and243 MHz

AM(R)S/MSS Emergency frequencies 7-67

328.6–335.4 MHz ARNS ILS glide path 7-69

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookStatement of frequency allocation, technical details and Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookStatement of frequency allocation, technical details and Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and

ICAO policy (3)ICAO policy (3)ICAO policy (3)ICAO policy (3)

Re. ICAO Handbook on radio frequency spectrum requirements (Doc. 9718)





S ti 7S ti 7 II Ci il i ti f ll tiII Ci il i ti f ll tiSection 7Section 7--II Civil aviation frequency allocationsII Civil aviation frequency allocations

--Primary allocationPrimary allocation

--Has priority over secondary allocationHas priority over secondary allocation

--Secondary allocationSecondary allocation

Shall not cause harmful interference to a primaryShall not cause harmful interference to a primary--Shall not cause harmful interference to a primary Shall not cause harmful interference to a primary allocation and must accept interference from a allocation and must accept interference from a primary allocation primary allocation –– at any timeat any time





FrequencyFrequency distribution

toFrench English Spanish

Services Attribution Allocation AtribucionServices (attribuer) (to allocate) (atribuir)

Areas Allotissement(allotir)

Allotment(to allot)

Adjudicación(adjudicar)

Stations Assignation(assigner)

Assignment(to assign)

Assignations(asignar)

Frequencies are:Frequencies are:Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)Assigned to [radio] stations (by States after international coordinationAssigned to [radio] stations (by States after international coordinationAssigned to [radio] stations (by States after international coordination Assigned to [radio] stations (by States after international coordination completedcompleted





S ti 7S ti 7 II Ci il i ti f ll ti ti dII Ci il i ti f ll ti ti dSection 7Section 7--II Civil aviation frequency allocations, continuedII Civil aviation frequency allocations, continued

--Layout in Handbook for details on frequency allocationsLayout in Handbook for details on frequency allocations--ITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocation--ITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocation--ICAO policy statements (established by Council)ICAO policy statements (established by Council)Desc iption of ae ona tical seDesc iption of ae ona tical se--Description of aeronautical useDescription of aeronautical use

--Commentary (background information)Commentary (background information)--Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has been moved to Appendix G:been moved to Appendix G:--Reference material (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, Reference material (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, EUROCAE)EUROCAE)EUROCAE) EUROCAE) --Interference from nonInterference from non--aeronautical sources (if available)aeronautical sources (if available)





F ll ti f th b d 108F ll ti f th b d 108 117 975 MH117 975 MH

MHz108–117.975

Frequency allocation for the band 108 Frequency allocation for the band 108 --117.975 MHz as per 117.975 MHz as per ITU Radio RegulationsITU Radio Regulations

Allocation to ServicesRegion 1 Region 2 Region 3

108–117.975 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION5.197 5.197A

Footnotes:Footnotes:5.197 Additional allocation: in Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic, theband 108–111.975 MHz is also allocated to the mobile service on asecondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In order toensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronauticalradionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not beintroduced in the band until it is no longer required for the aeronauticalradionavigation service by any administration which may be identified in theapplication of the procedures invoked under No 9 21application of the procedures invoked under No. 9.21.

5.197A Additional allocation: the band 108-117.975 MHz is also allocatedon a primary basis to the aeronautical mobile (R) service, limited to systemsoperating in accordance with recognized international aeronauticalstandards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 413 (Rev.WRC-07). The use of the band 108-112 MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R)service shall be limited to systems composed of ground-based transmittersand associated receivers that provide navigational information in support ofair navigation functions in accordance with recognized internationalaeronautical standards. (WRC-07)



ICAO policy (8) ICAO policy (8) Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and Statement of frequency allocation, technical details and

ICAO policy (8) ICAO policy (8)

ICAO policy statement as approved by Council for the ICAO policy statement as approved by Council for the band 108 band 108 –– 117.975 MHz 117.975 MHz

ICAO POLICY• No change to the current allocation to the aeronauticalgradionavigation service and the aeronautical mobile (route)service.• Deletion of Footnote 5.197.• Ensure conformity with ITU-R Recommendation SM.1009regarding compatibility with FM broadcast services in the band87.5–108 MHz and ILS/VOR and with ITU-R RecommendationM.1841 for GBAS.• Support studies associated with ITU-R Resolution 413 inorder to facilitate the use of the frequency band by AM(R)Ssystems that operate in accordance with international standards..





Aviation use: description of the systems (ILSAviation use: description of the systems (ILS-- Aviation use: description of the systems (ILS, Aviation use: description of the systems (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the band 108 VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the band 108 –– 117.975 MHz117.975 MHz117.975 MHz117.975 MHz

-- Commentary: Background information on the Commentary: Background information on the use of the band 108 use of the band 108 –– 117.975 MHz by aviation.117.975 MHz by aviation.




ICAO policy (10)ICAO policy (10)5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0

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108.

00





--Technical and other information:Technical and other information:--References to relevant material in:References to relevant material in:--ICAO Annex 10 (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and ICAO Annex 10 (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4)VDL Mode 4)--RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipmentRTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipment--RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipmentRTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipment--ARINC CharacteristicsARINC Characteristics--ITUITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations

Oth t h i l t i lOth t h i l t i l--Other technical materialOther technical material--References to information specific to interference from FM References to information specific to interference from FM broadcasting stationsbroadcasting stationsgg





Section 7Section 7 III; Radio Regulations and other materialIII; Radio Regulations and other materialSection 7Section 7--III; Radio Regulations and other materialIII; Radio Regulations and other material

--ITU Constitution and ConventionITU Constitution and Convention-- ICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacityICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacityp p y p yp p y p y

--Radio Regulations Administrative provisionsRadio Regulations Administrative provisions--No. 3.3 No. 3.3 -- incorporate technical means to reduce interferenceincorporate technical means to reduce interferenceNo 4 4No 4 4 States can use frequencies in a manner that does notStates can use frequencies in a manner that does not--No. 4.4 No. 4.4 –– States can use frequencies in a manner that does not States can use frequencies in a manner that does not

comply with the Radio Regulations comply with the Radio Regulations –– However, such use must protect However, such use must protect stations which operate in compliance with the Radio Regulationsstations which operate in compliance with the Radio Regulations--No 4 10No 4 10 –– States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigationStates recognize the safety aspects of radionavigationNo. 4.10 No. 4.10 States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigationStates recognize the safety aspects of radionavigation--No. 15.8 No. 15.8 –– Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on distress and safety servicesdistress and safety services--Chapter V Section III Chapter V Section III –– Formation of call signsFormation of call signspp gg--No. 44.1No. 44.1 Order of priority of communicationsOrder of priority of communications

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 8 Chapter 8 -- Future Spectrum RequirementsFuture Spectrum RequirementsChapter 8 Chapter 8 -- Future Spectrum RequirementsFuture Spectrum Requirements

Future spectrum requirements are identified in the Handbook Future spectrum requirements are identified in the Handbook for:for:

--GNSS augmentationGNSS augmentation--GBAS GBAS --SBASSBAS--LAAS/WAASLAAS/WAAS

--Synthetic visionSynthetic vision--HF data link HF data link --VDL Mode 4VDL Mode 4--ADSADS--BB--Future Communication SystemsFuture Communication Systems--Future Communication Systems Future Communication Systems

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 9 Chapter 9 –– Interference protection considerations (1) Interference protection considerations (1) Chapter 9 Chapter 9 –– Interference protection considerations (1) Interference protection considerations (1)

Interference issues: Interference issues:

--Regulatory aspectsRegulatory aspectsg y pg y p

--Management and control of interferenceManagement and control of interference

--Assessment of protection of aeronautical servicesAssessment of protection of aeronautical servicesAssessment of protection of aeronautical servicesAssessment of protection of aeronautical services

--Some special casesSome special cases

--General protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical services


Regulatory aspectsRegulatory aspectsRegulatory aspectsRegulatory aspects--Harmful interference (RR1.169)Harmful interference (RR1.169)Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades obstructs or repeatedlyof other safety services or seriously degrades obstructs or repeatedlyof other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).Regulations (CS).--Safety Service (RR 1 59)Safety Service (RR 1 59)Safety Service (RR 1.59)Safety Service (RR 1.59)Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property.safeguarding of human life and property.--Aviation safety factorAviation safety factorAviation safety factorAviation safety factor

--6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level 6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level --Registration of frequenciesRegistration of frequencies

--Registration provides administrative protection from harmfulRegistration provides administrative protection from harmfulRegistration provides administrative protection from harmful Registration provides administrative protection from harmful interferenceinterference


Management and control of interference:Management and control of interference:--International agreement on a regulatory basisInternational agreement on a regulatory basis

--ITU Radio Regulations BoardITU Radio Regulations Board

System and equipment standardsSystem and equipment standards--System and equipment standardsSystem and equipment standards--ICAO SARPsICAO SARPs--RTCA and EUROCAE specificationsRTCA and EUROCAE specifications--ITUITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations--ITUITU--R RecommendationsR Recommendations

--Licensing of radio servicesLicensing of radio servicesLicensing conditions can assist in preventing and removing interferenceLicensing conditions can assist in preventing and removing interference

--Control and clearance of interferenceControl and clearance of interference--Telecommunication authority within a StateTelecommunication authority within a State--ICAO (Regional Office)ICAO (Regional Office)--ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)


Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:

--Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)Based on interference threshold established by aviationBased on interference threshold established by aviation--Based on interference threshold, established by aviationBased on interference threshold, established by aviation

--Aviation safety factor (6 dB)Aviation safety factor (6 dB)

Variables to be considered in assessment / analysisVariables to be considered in assessment / analysis--Variables to be considered in assessment / analysisVariables to be considered in assessment / analysis--Source of interferenceSource of interference--Frequency separationFrequency separationDistance separationDistance separation--Distance separationDistance separation

--Receiver susceptibility to interferenceReceiver susceptibility to interference--RF propagationRF propagation


Some special casesSome special casesSome special casesSome special cases

--ISMISM

Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical VHF bandsHarmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical VHF bands

--VSAT /SNGVSAT /SNG--These systems use small satellite antennas and can be located These systems use small satellite antennas and can be located anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft (e.g. if anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft (e.g. if used at airportsused at airports))


General protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical services

MinimumSignal

System Planning

Protection

SuggestedMaximum

Level ofInterferingSignal DB

Use Frequency BandSignal

dB (uV/m)ProtectionRatio DB

Signal DB(uV/m)

1 Omega 10–14 KHz2 NDB 190–850 KHz 37 (1) 15 163 HF Comms 2.8–22 MHz 154 ILS Mkr Beacon 74.8–75.2 MHz 46 (1) 20 205 ILS Localizer 108–112 MHz 40 (1) 20 146 VOR 108–118 MHz 39 (1) 20 137 VHF C 118 137 MH 37 (1) 14 177 VHF Comms 118–137 MHz 37 (1) 14 178 ILS Glide Path 328.6–335.4 MHz 52 (1) 20 269 ELT 406 MHz10 DME 960–1 215 MHz 71 (1) 8 5711 SSR 1 030–1 090 MHz12 Primary Radar

(23 cm)1 215–1 350 MHz

13 Satcom (S to E) 1 545–1 555 MHz

Limits apply only to intraLimits apply only to intra--system interference; can not be system interference; can not be used for assessing interference with other systemsused for assessing interference with other systems

14 GPS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)15 GLONASS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)

used for assessing interference with other systemsused for assessing interference with other systems


AttachmentsAttachmentsAttachmentsAttachments

AA –– Definition and TermsDefinition and TermsA A –– Definition and TermsDefinition and Terms--Summary of definitions of terms in the Radio RegulationsSummary of definitions of terms in the Radio Regulations

B B –– Acronyms and abbreviationsAcronyms and abbreviationsCC Regulation of Radio in aircraftRegulation of Radio in aircraftC C –– Regulation of Radio in aircraftRegulation of Radio in aircraft

--is addressed under Chapter 4is addressed under Chapter 4D D –– Review and update (of the Handbook)Review and update (of the Handbook)

provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions ofprovides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of

ee

--provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’sWRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’s

E E –– Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU World Radiocommunication ConferencesWorld Radiocommunication ConferencesWorld Radiocommunication ConferencesWorld Radiocommunication ConferencesF F –– ICAO position for WRCICAO position for WRC--2012 2012 –– addressed in separate presentationaddressed in separate presentationG G –– Technical Information and Frequency Sharing CriteriaTechnical Information and Frequency Sharing CriteriaHH ITU Resol tions and Re ommendations (as ontained in the RR)ITU Resol tions and Re ommendations (as ontained in the RR)H H –– ITU Resolutions and Recommendations (as contained in the RR)ITU Resolutions and Recommendations (as contained in the RR)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook

A h (2)A h (2)


A h (2)A h (2)Attachments (2)Attachments (2)Attachments (2)Attachments (2)

E E –– Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferencesposition for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferencesposition for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferencesposition for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences

Basis for ICAO position:Basis for ICAO position:C t d f t i t f t f i tiC t d f t i t f t f i ti--Current and future requirements for spectrum for aviationCurrent and future requirements for spectrum for aviation

--Long term strategy as per Global Plan for CNS/ATM systemsLong term strategy as per Global Plan for CNS/ATM systems--ICAO policy as approved by CouncilICAO policy as approved by Council--Framework for development of and support to the ICAO position as perFramework for development of and support to the ICAO position as per--Framework for development of and support to the ICAO position as per Framework for development of and support to the ICAO position as per Assembly Resolution A36/25Assembly Resolution A36/25


A h (3)A h (3)


A h (3)A h (3)Attachments (3)Attachments (3)Attachments (3)Attachments (3)

Development of the ICAO positionDevelopment of the ICAO positionDevelopment of the ICAO positionDevelopment of the ICAO position--Early after agenda for WRC is establishedEarly after agenda for WRC is established--Focal point is the Aeronautical Communications PanelFocal point is the Aeronautical Communications Panel--Coordination with Regional OfficesCoordination with Regional Officesgg--After review by the Air Navigation Commission, draft position is sent to After review by the Air Navigation Commission, draft position is sent to States for commentsStates for comments--ICAO position to be approved by Council, including amended policy ICAO position to be approved by Council, including amended policy statementsstatements--Shortly prior to WRC ICAO position is updated (by Council) as required. Shortly prior to WRC ICAO position is updated (by Council) as required. Support to ICAO positionSupport to ICAO position--States are invited to provide support as per Assembly Resolution A36States are invited to provide support as per Assembly Resolution A36--2525--Coordination with Regional Telecommunication Organizations (through Coordination with Regional Telecommunication Organizations (through Regional Offices)Regional Offices)ICAO ti i ti i ITUICAO ti i ti i ITU R t tiR t ti--ICAO participation in ITUICAO participation in ITU--R preparatory meetingsR preparatory meetings

--Regional coordination meetingsRegional coordination meetings

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