IT FOR MANAGEMENT

(MMS- SEMESTER I)

ASSIGNMENT ON E-COMMERCE

(IBIBO’S)

SUBMITTED BY

RAHUL SHELAR

MMS-A

ROLL NO-24

SUBMITTED TO

PROF. DEEPA

IBIBO

INDEX

Sr.

no

Topics

1. Introduction To E-Commerce

2. History Of E- Commerce

3. Benefits Of E-Commerce

4. Types, Importants Of E- Commerce

5. Company Introduction, Overview

6 Vision Of Ibibo

7. Level Of Ananyses

What is E-commerce?

In its simplest form ecommerce is the buying and selling of products and services by businesses and consumers over the Internet. People use the term "ecommerce" to describe encrypted payments on the Internet.

Sometimes these transactions include the real-time transfer of funds from buyer to seller and sometimes this is handled manually through an left-pos terminal once a secure order is received by the merchant.

Internet sales are increasing rapidly as consumers take advantage of lower prices offer by wholesalers retailing their products. This trend is set to strengthen as web sites address consumer security and privacy concerns.

History of e-commerceOriginally, electronic commerce was identified as the facilitation

of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both introduced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. Another form of e-commerce was the airline reservation system typified by Sabre in the USA and Travicom in the UK.

Beginning in the 1990s, electronic commerce would include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data warehousing.

In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web web browser and transformed an academic telecommunication network into a worldwide everyman everyday communication system called internet/www. Commercial enterprise on the Internet was strictly prohibited by NSF until 1995.[1] Although the Internet became popular worldwide around 1994 with the adoption of Mosaic web browser, it took about five years to introduce security protocols (i.e. SSL encryption enabled on Netscape 1.0 Browser in late 1994) and DSL allowing continual connection to the Internet. By the end of 2000, many European and American business companies offered their services through the World Wide Web. Since then people began to associate a word "ecommerce" with the ability of purchasing various goods through the Internet using secure protocols and electronic payment services

Benefits of E-Commerce

E-commerce can provide the following benefits over non-electronic commerce:

Reduced costs by reducing labour, reduced paper work, reduced errors in keying in data, reduce post costs

Reduced time. Shorter lead times for payment and return on investment in advertising, faster delivery of product

Flexibility with efficiency. The ability to handle complex situations, product ranges and customer profiles without the situation becoming unmanageable.

Improve relationships with trading partners. Improved communication between trading partners leads to enhanced long-term relationships.

Lock in Customers. The closer you are to your customer and the more you work with them to change from normal business practices to best practice e-commerce the harder it is for a competitor to upset your customer relationship.

New Markets. The Internet has the potential to expand your business into wider geographical locations.

Types of Ecommerce

There Are 4 Types Of E-Commerce :-

B2B (Business-to-Business)

Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers

selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is

based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs

utilizing shopping cart software. By dollar volume, B2B takes the

prize, however B2C is really what the average Joe has in mind

with regards to ecommerce as a whole.

Having a hard time finding a book? Need to purchase a custom,

high-end computer system? How about a first class, all-inclusive

trip to a tropical island? With the advent ecommerce, all three

things can be purchased literally in minutes without human

interaction. Oh how far we've come!

C2B (Consumer-to-Business)

A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within

hours companies review the consumer's requirements and bid on

the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the

company that will complete the project. Elance empowers

consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and

platform for such transactions.

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)

There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums

where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment

systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money

online with ease. eBay's auction service is a great example of

where person-to-person transactions take place everyday since

1995.

Importance of Ecommerce for Business

You can buy and sell almost everything at your doorstep with the magic

of e-commerce in this 21st century which will be known for information

revolution. E-commerce has changed your lifestyles entirely because

you don’t have to spend time and money in travelling to the market. You

can do your e-payments with the help of e-commerce.

You can pick up the pace of your online business with the help of e-

commerce application development and web development solutions. The

ecommerce solutions offer many advantages as follows:

E-commerce is one of the cheapest means of doing business as it is

ecommerce development that has made it possible to reduce the cost of

promotion of products and services.

There is no time barrier in selling the products. One can log on to the

internet even at midnight and can sell the products at a single click of

mouse.

The on-time alerts are meant for the convenience of the consumers and

inform the consumers about new products.

E-commerce reduces delivery time and labor cost thus it has been

possible to save the time of both – the vendor and the consumer.

Hence, in this cut-throat competition, an interactive user friendly and

focused website in the form of online shops can generate you good

business. You can find a lot of web development services from where

you can get your website made but it is advisable to hire a reliable and

user friendly web development service.

If you possess an e-commerce shop then this proves that you are a

customer-oriented firm and you are interested in knowing about the

needs of your customers.

Introduction Of COMPANY

Ibibo which stands for iBuild, iBond, is an Indian social networking site. It is an umbrella site that offers a variety of applications under its social network. Ibibo was founded in January 2007 by Ashish Kashyap who had formerly served as the Head of Indian Sales and Operations for Google. Kashyap currently serves as the company's CEO.

Ibibo is funded by the electronic media arm of South African company Naspers, MIH. China-based Tencent has expressed interest in a long term capital deal. The company has recently tied up with Fashion TV for a photography competition. Ibibo's iScream is a real-time product that allows ibibo users to broadcast their messages directly to all online ibibo users, via an SMS sent to 5676746 (India only), with MA as a prefix. Ibibo's tool iFreshface lets aspiring models feature and promote their modelling portfolios within the social network.

Overview

A social network is a theoretical construct useful in the social sciences to study relationships between individuals, groups, organizations, or even entire societies (social units, see differentiation). The term is used to describe a social structure determined by such interactions. The ties through which any given social unit connects represent the convergence of the various social contacts of that unit. This theoretical approach is, necessarily, relational. An axiom of the social network approach to understanding social interaction is that social phenomena should be primarily conceived and investigated through the properties of relations between and within units, instead of the properties of these units themselves. Thus, one common criticism of social network theory is

that individual agency is often ignored, although this may not be the case in practice (see agent-based modeling). Precisely because many different types of relations, singular or in combination, form these network configurations, network analytics are useful to a broad range of research enterprises. In social science, these fields of study include, but are not limited to anthropology, biology, communication studies, economics, geography, information science, organizational studies, social psychology, sociology, and sociolinguistics.

VISION OF IBIBO’S COMPANY

Ashish Kashyap’s story is based on a pattern that we have seen countless times globally and one that we are increasingly familiar with, here in India – the breed of the ‘intrapreneur’, having launched and grown products for large firms, turning entrepreneur.

Ashish launched the now-wildly-popular Ibibo, back in January 2007. Prior to his current position as founder & CEO of Ibibo, Ashish set up and launched Google India’s domestic operations as their Country Head, Indian Sales and Operations. Before joining Google India, Ashish was the General Manager, E-Commerce at Indiatimes.com, wherein he built and architected a host of innovative applications for the portal ranging from ‘online auctions’, travel & shopping. Ashish holds an Economics (Honors) degree from University Of Delhi and a diploma in International Masters in Practicing Management (IMPM) from Insead, Fontainebleau, France.

In an exclusive chat with YourStory.in, Ashish talked about gaming, travel e-commerce, payment gateways, transaction density on mobile devices and much, much more. Given below are the excerpts:

Even at Google, They set up the entire operations in India from scratch. So, I had essentially spent my entire life, creating products and building

businesses. I realised that I enjoyed that and led to me founding the Ibibo group in 2007.

What are they thoughts about the evolution of the digital media ecosystem in India over the last decade?

So, in essence, all ecosystems are marketplaces. And the key constituent of this ecosystem is talent. One of the big changes that happened in the last few years is the quality of talent and the emergence of a large number of people moving from their jobs towards entrepreneurial journeys. When this particular evolution happens, which is that the quality of talent improves, the quality of engineering talent improves, people thinking about applications and value propositions for customers gives birth to a vast number of digital assets in the market. And usually, these digital assets are solving one problem or the other.

As large numbers of websites and mobile applications get created, it moves more customers. A few years ago, the significant digital assets were Google, Yahoo! and Facebook. I think the significant change that has happened in the internet space is more entrepreneurial people coming in and starting businesses solving unique problems. The InMobi ad network is an example. Sites like redBus and Travelyaari are examples of that. The emergence of interesting travel platforms like GoIbibo, MakeMyTrip are other examples. Even comparision travel platforms like Ixigo would be an example of new unique value being created on the internet by smart talent. And all these then pull more customers.

In fact, the barrage of e-commerce sites ranging from FashionAndYou to Mydala also act as examples illustrating that trend. And Flipkart’s emergence is an absolute testament to this trend. As the number of sites, applications and e-commerce platforms, created by local entrepreneurs and local talent, increases, it increases the customer side of the market which increases the market size. This is the crux of the evolution of the digital economy. Content creators need content consumers, at the end of the day.

LEVELS OF ANALYSIS

In general, social networks are self-organizing, emergent, and complex, such that a globally coherent pattern appears from the local interaction of the elements that make up the system. These patterns become more apparent as network size increases. However, a global network analysis of, for example, all interpersonal relationships in the world is not feasible and is likely to contain so much information as to be uninformative. Practical limitations of computing power, ethics and participant recruitment and payment also limit the scope of a social network analysis. The nuances of a local system may be lost in a large network analysis, hence the quality of information may be more important than its scale for understanding network properties. Thus, social networks are analyzed at the scale relevant to the researcher's theoretical question. Although levels of analysis are not necessarily mutually exclusive, there are three general levels into which networks may fall: micro-level, meso-level, and macro-level.

1. Micro level

At the micro-level, social network research typically begins with an individual, snowballing as social relationships are traced, or may begin with a small group of individuals in a particular social context.

Social network diagram, micro-level.

2. Dyadic level:

A dyad is a social relationship between two individuals. Network research on dyads may concentrate on structure of the relationship (e.g. multiplexity, strength), social equality, and tendencies toward reciprocity/mutuality.

3. Triadic level:

Add one individual to a dyad, and you have a triad. Research at this level may concentrate on factors such as balance and transitivity, as well as social equality and tendencies toward reciprocity/mutuality.

4. Actor level:

The smallest unit of analysis in a social network is an individual in their social setting, i.e., an "actor" or "ego". Egonetwork analysis focuses on network characteristics such as size, relationship strength, density, centrality, prestige and roles such as isolates, liaisons, and bridges. Such analyses, are most commonly used in the fields of psychology or social psychology, ethnographic kinship analysis or other genealogical studies of relationships between individuals.

5. Subset level:

Subset levels of network research problems begin at the micro-level, but may crossover into the meso-level of analysis. Subset level research may focus on distance and reachability, cliques, cohesive subgroups, or other group action, group actions or behavior[citation needed].

6. Meso level

In general, meso-level theories begin with a population size that falls between the micro- and macro-levels. However, meso-level may also refer to analyses that are specifically designed to reveal connections between micro- and macro-levels. Meso-level networks are low density and may exhibit causal processes distinct from interpersonal micro-level networks.

Social network diagram, meso-level

a. Organizations: Formal organizations are social groups that distribute tasks for a collective goal. Network research on organizations may focus on either intra-organizational or inter-organizational ties in terms of formal or informal relationships. Intra-organizational networks themselves often contain multiple levels of analysis, especially in larger organizations with multiple branches, franchises or semi-autonomous departments. In these cases, research is often conducted at a workgroup level and organization level, focusing on the interplay between the two structures.

b. Randomly-distributed networks: Exponential random graph models of social networks became state-of-the-art methods of social network analysis in the 1980s. This framework has the capacity to represent social-structural effects commonly observed in many human social networks, including general degree-based structural effects commonly observed in many human social

networks as well as reciprocity and transitivity, and at the node-level, homophily and attribute-based activity and popularity effects, as derived from explicit hypotheses about dependencies among network ties. Parameters are given in terms of the prevalence of small subgraph configurations in the network and can be interpreted as describing the combinations of local social processes from which a given network emerges. These probability models for networks on a given set of actors allow generalization beyond the restrictive dyadic independence assumption of micro-networks, allowing models to be built from theoretical structural foundations of social behavior.

Examples of a random network and a scale-free

network. Each graph has 32 nodes and 32 links. Note the "hubs" in the scale-free

diagram (on the right).

c. Scale-free networks: A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotically. In network theory a scale-free ideal network is a random network with a degree distribution that unravels the size distribution of social groups. Specific characteristics of scale-free networks vary with the theories and analytical tools used to create them, however, in general, scale-free networks have some common characteristics. One notable characteristic in a scale-free network is the relative commonness of vertices with a degree that greatly exceeds the average. The highest-degree nodes are often called "hubs", and may serve specific purposes in their networks, although this depends greatly on the social context. Another general characteristic of scale-free networks is the clustering coefficient distribution, which decreases as the node degree increases. This distribution also follows a power law. The Barabási model of

network evolution shown above is an example of a scale-free network.

7. Macro level

Rather than tracing interpersonal interactions, macro-level analyses generally trace the outcomes of interactions, such as economic or other resource transfer interactions over a large population.

Diagram: section of a large-scale social network

a. Large-scale networks: Large-scale network is a term somewhat synonymous with "macro-level" as used, primarily, in social and behavioral sciences, in economics. Originally, the term was used extensively in the computer sciences (see large-scale network mapping).

b. Complex networks: Most larger social networks display features of social complexity, which involves substantial non-trivial features of network topology, with patterns of complex connections between elements that are neither purely regular nor purely random (see, complexity science, dynamical system and chaos theory), as do biological, and technological networks. Such complex network features include a heavy tail in the degree distribution, a high clustering coefficient, assortativity or disassortativity among vertices, community structure, and hierarchical structure.