IB HOA ~ Unit 1, Day 7 Please sit in any group of four .

• "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”

- Abraham Lincoln, June 16, 1858

Students will be able to:

…explain the extent to which sectionalism caused the American Civil War.

Agenda:

• collect HW• receive some unit handouts…discuss

HW due next class• brief (preliminary) note-taking• historically-simulated, small-group

debate: sectionalism–w/ audio information & brief note-taking

sectionalism = • During the Antebellum Era, refers to when the U.S. was sectioned off into two competing, ideological regions/constituencies…& Americans had a greater loyalty to their region/section (N or S) than to the country as a whole.

USA, beginning of 1818

Issue #1: Missouri Compromise

What Really Happened• Missouri → slave state• Maine → free state– So, balance of power maintained in Congress• (12 free states & 12 slave states)

• Congress also drew imaginary line across Louisiana Territory at latitude 36º 30‘…

…north of this line, slavery forever banned (except in Missouri)south of this line, slavery permitted

Missouri Compromise (1820)~ a larger view….

USA ~ 1845

USA, circa 1850

Issue #2: Compromise of 1850 (35 mins.)

… What Really Happened• CA → free state• New Mexico & Utah

organized as territories open to slavery

• Slave trade, but not slavery, abolished in Wash., DC– (Congress banned U.S.

participation in the slave trade in 1808, but internal trading had continued after this date….)

• Strong Fugitive Slave Law passed – Anyone aiding a

fugitive slave faced severe penalties if caught.

An additional map/view…

U.S.A. in 1854

Dred Scott

Issue #3: Dred Scott Case … What Really Happened

• Supreme Court: – Ruled Scott could not sue b/c not a

citizen– Rejected Scott’s argument that his

stay in free territory (as est. by Missouri Comp.) had made him free man• Why? b/c S. Court found Missouri

Compromise unconstitutional–Why? b/c 5th Amend. states

property can’t be taken away from ppl. w/out court hearing, & slaves were considered property…so owners should be allowed to take their property anywhere.

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Note: The “L/D” format is still used among high school Speech & Debate students today.

Issue #4: Secession … What Really Happened

• Lincoln said…– he wouldn’t interfere with

slavery where it already existed….

– but he wouldn’t support the extension of anymore slavery, either.

– He would support a fugitive slave law.

• War (unofficially) declared on the rebels (i.e. those southern states that had seceded from the Union)….

• “I hate the idea of causes, and if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country.”– E. M. Forster

• “When men take up arms to set other men free, there is something sacred and holy in the warfare.”–Woodrow Wilson