I’ve Been Framed

• Imagine that you are in a SCHOOL BUS that is traveling at a velocity of 8 m/s in a POSITIVE direction.

• You walk with a velocity of 3 m/s toward the FRONT of the bus.

• If a friend of yours is standing on the SIDEof the road watching the bus with you on it go by, how FASTwould your friend say that you are moving?

•How fast would a friend SITTING in the bus say you are moving?

• How fast would your friend on the side of the road say that the person sitting in the bus is MOVING?

• RELATIVE motion is just a way of saying that sometimes DIFFERENT people will say different things about the motion of the SAME object.

• This is not because one of them is WRONG, but because they are using different FRAMES of reference.

Let’s say I am standing on theback of a pickup truck (that isMOTIONLESS), and I am throwing apples FORWARDS.

• I know that I can throw an apple at exactly 15 m/s every time.

If a person were STANDING on the sidewalk, how fast would she say the apples are MOVING?

A. 0

m/s

B. 5

m/s

C. 1

0 m/s

D. 1

5 m/s

0% 0%0%0%

• A. 0 m/s• B. 5 m/s• C. 10 m/s• D. 15 m/s

• Since she will see them exactly the same way as me, she will say 15m/s.

• Now the truck starts to move forwards at 20m/s.

I am still throwing apples FORWARDS, exactly the same as I was throwing them before, at 15m/s. How fast would I say the apples are moving?

0%0%0%0% A. 0 m/s

B. 5 m/s

C. 10 m/s

D. 15 m/s

•Still 15m/s! Relative to me, I can only make an APPLEmove away from me at 15m/s, so that’s how fast I measure the apple moving away from me.

• How FAST does my friend on the sidewalk say the apple is moving?

•Well, even before I throw it, she’ll say that the apple is moving at 20m/s(the speed of everything on the TRUCK).

• When I have thrown the apple forward, adding more VELOCITY to it, she will say it is going at (20m/s + 15m/s)= 35m/s!

• Now I turn around and start throwing the apples from the rear of the truck, BACKWARDS!

• I will still say that my apples are moving at 15m/s, because from my way of looking at it, that’s how fast the apple is MOVING.

• The only thing I might say that is different is that it is -15m/s, since even I should be able to notice they are going in the OPPOSITE direction now.

•My friend on the sidewalk will say that the apple is moving at (20m/s + -15m/s)= 5m/s!

Frame of reference:

• When you are standing on the GROUND, that is your frame of reference.

• Anything that you see, watch, or MEASURE will be compared to the reference point of the ground. If I am standing in the back of a moving truck, the truck is now my frame of reference and everything will be measured compared to it.

Jane is driving north at 20 m/s. Betty is driving south at 15 m/s. How would the observed motion of each driver compare, relative to each other?

A. E

ach dr

iver o

bser...

B. E

ach dr

iver o

bserv.

.

C. J

ane s

ees B

etty d

...

D. J

ane s

ees B

etty d

...

0% 0%0%0%

A. Each driver observes the other at 35 m/s, relative to herself

B. Each driver observes the other at 5 m/s, relative to herself

C. Jane sees Betty driving at 20 m/s; Betty sees Jane driving at 15 m/s

D. Jane sees Betty driving at 15 m/s; Betty sees Jane driving at 20 m/s

Person A standing on the sidewalk observes car Z moving at 15 m/s. Person B inside a car moving the opposite direction observes car Z moving at 28 m/s. What is the speed of person B as measured by person A?

0%

0%

0%

0% A. -15 m/s

B. -28 m/s

C. 13 m/s

D. 43 m/s