iaq basics in the time of covid-19iaqwebinar.com/.../18/iaqweb20v3...presentation.pdf · iaq in the...
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright 2014, GrayWolf Sensing Solutions LLCCopyright 2014, GrayWolf Sensing Solutions LLC
IAQ Basics in the Time of Covid-19
Presented By: Rick Stonier
Managing Partner
GrayWolf Sensing Solutions
IAQ in the Time of Coronavirus
We will cover the following in this brief, 10-minute
presentation:
IAQ fundamentals
Typical parameters measured
The balance between energy savings and occupant
productivity
What has changed due to the Coronavirus
IAQ measurement parameters emphasized due to
Covid-19
Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality “IAQ” generally refers to
conditions within buildings that impact
occupants’:
Health (short/long-term) Covid-19 refocuses emphasis
Comfort (“IEQ” includes thermal comfort, sound level,
light, vibration)
Productivity (Work/Learning Performance)
Indoor Air Quality
“That all people should have free access to air and water of acceptable quality is a fundamental human right.” World Health Organization, Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd ed.
“Research indicates that people spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors. Thus, for many people, the risks to health may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors.”
US Environmental Protection Agency, The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality
Typical Adult Daily Intake by Mass
Liquids (1.9kg)
Solids (2.5kg)
Outdoor Air(2.1 kg)
Indoor Air(18.5 kg)
Indoor Air Quality
Sources: Liquids/Solids; US Food and Drug Administration
Air; US Environmental Protection Agency
We are all very concerned about water quality, about food quality and about outdoor air quality. But IAQ concerns are not on most people’s radar; at least not yet. By volume, or by mass, we introduce more external matter into our bodies via indoor air than by way of all other sources combined. Hence, indoor air presents the greatest potential for exposure to contaminants.
Current Legislation
Many Asian countries,
Australia, UAE, Finland and
some others coming to more
of the Middle East and Europe.
Typically Regulated:
Carbon Dioxide
TVOCs
Particulate (PM2.5, PM10)
Carbon Monoxide
Often Formaldehyde, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide
Sometimes NH3, NO, SO2, C6H6, Radon and
Others….
Voluntary Green Building Certifications
Typically Measured:
Carbon Dioxide
TVOCs
Particulates (PM2.5, PM10)
Carbon Monoxide
Often Formaldehyde, Ozone, NO2
Sometimes C6H6, Radon and Others….
IAQ vs. Energy Use
IAQ and Energy Use are inter-related
U.S. Energy Use
• 21% residential buildings
• 19% commercial buildings
• 33% industry
• 28% transportation
40% of U.S. energy use
is from buildings (41% in Europe)
40%
Source: US Energy Information Administration (2010)
Typical US Building Energy Use
53% is Cooling, Heating and Ventilation EquipmentSource: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Building Commissioning, 2009
Building Cooling, Heating & Ventilation
20% of over-all US energy use (roughly the same in
Europe and other industrialized parts of the world)
Has been a ripe target for energy savings!
Current Emphasis
At present there is a bias towards: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Energy Use Reductions
Energy $ Savings
USGBC LEED certification
European Directive On
Energy Efficient Buildings
ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning Engineers) Standard 62 “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality”
Broad International Acceptance
ASHRAE 62-2007 reducedventilation rates vs. previous versions and
ASHRAE 62-2016 doesn’t reverse that
A requirement for LEED Certification (5 points)
A minimum ventilation standard
o Not a health standard
o LEED offers 1 optional point forincreasing design ventilation 30%
above ASHRAE-62 recommended
level
Ventilation Standards
IAQ vs. Energy Use
Newer Standards Rebalance:
Energy Savings vs.
Occupant Wellness (Covid-19
increases prioritization on this)
Cost Benefit Analysis
Average USA Office workers in cities $55K/year
x 1.4 (tax & benefits) /200 sq ft per employee =
$385 per sq ft per year
Average Energy use $3.00 per sq ft per year
Cut Ventilation in half saves 3.00 *0.53 *0.5 =
~$0.80 per sq ft per year
Cut productivity by 10% Increased absenteeism, leaving early
Reduced typing skills, creativity, etc.
Reduced employee workplace satisfaction
Etc., etc.
costs $38.50 per sq ft per year
Outdoor Air Ventilation Rate
CO2
Airflow
“Dilution is the Solution to Pollution”*
*It’s a bit more complicated. Source control is most important. However,
many sources, such as occupants who may be shedding viruses and
office equipment, can’t always be eliminated. Meanwhile, OA “dilution
air” may bring additional issues such as elevated %RH/particulates (if not
controlled/filtered) which can lead to other IAQ issues.
Pollutant Pathways
Differential Pressure Verify that pollutant or virus sources are negatively
pressurized vs. adjoining spaces.
Filter efficiency
Particulates
Mold Spores
Pollen
Dust
Improperly ventilated
combustion
Intrusive auto/truck
exhaust
Intrusive local industrial
processes
Construction
Filter Efficiency
Other Specific Contaminants:
CO (Carbon Monoxide) Very common in indoor air. Hazardous
to short and long-term health. Potentially
lethal.
O3 (Ozone) From office equipment, OA intrusion, O3 generators
CI2 (Chlorine) From cleaning products
CI2O2 (Chlorine Dioxide) From cleaning products
NH3 (Ammonia) From cleaning products, pets, lab animals
H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) From sewer backup, defective drywall
Measurement Solutions
GrayWolf offers instrumentation with sensors to
measure many specific IAQ parameters with a
high level of accuracy, and to screen for other
contaminants of concern. These units enable
highly efficient:
Walk-thru Surveys
Long-Term Trend Logging
Documentation
Reporting
Monitoring Solutions
GrayWolfLive® Cloud Application: Remote access to any WiFi enabled GrayWolf sensors
View on any device
Live Readings, Continuous Monitoring
Gauges, Graphs, Tables and much more
Copyright 2014, GrayWolf Sensing Solutions LLCCopyright 2014, GrayWolf Sensing Solutions LLC
IAQ Basics in the Time of Covid-19
www.GrayWolfSensing.com