Introducing IANA

IANA

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the body responsible for coordinating some of the key elements that keep the Internet running smoothly. Whilst the Internet is renowned for being a worldwide network free from central coordination, there is a technical need for some key parts of the Internet to be globally coordinated and this coordination role is undertaken by IANA.

Specifically, IANA allocates and maintains unique codes and numbering systems that are used in the technical standards (protocols) that drive the Internet.

IANAs various activities can be broadly grouped in to three categories:

Domain Names

IANA manages the DNS root, the .int and .arpa domains, and an IDN practices resource.

Number Resources

IANA coordinates the global pool of IP and AS numbers, providing them to Regional Internet Registries.

Protocol Assignments

Internet protocols numbering systems are managed by IANA in conjuction with standards bodies.

IANA is one of the Internet's oldest institutions, with its activities dating back to the 1970s. Today it is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, an internationally-organised non-profit organisation set up by the Internet community to help coordinate IANA's areas of responsibilities.

IANA's Policy

IANA aims not to directly set policy by which it operates, instead implementing agreed policies and principles in a neutral and responsible manner. Using the policy setting forums provided by ICANN, policy development for domain name operations and IP addressing is arrived at by many different stakeholders. ICANN has a structure of supporting organisations that contribute to deciding how ICANN runs, and in turn how IANA develops. The development of Internet protocols, which often dictate how protocol assignments should be managed, are arrived at within the Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Engineering Steering Group, and the Internet Architecture Board.

To improve its operations, IANA is actively involved in outreach too. As well as in ICANN forums, IANA participates in meetings and discussions with TLD operators, Regional Internet Registries, and other relevant communities. The Authority provides a manned helpdesk at IETF meetings to allow one-to-one interaction with its largest community of users protocol developers

LACNICVisin

Ser lder en la construccin y articulacin de esfuerzos colaborativos para el desarrollo y estabilidad de Internet en Amrica Latina y el Caribe

Misin

Administrar los recursos de numeracin de Internet contribuyendo a la creacin de oportunidades de colaboracin y cooperacin en beneficio de la comunidad regional de Internet, comprometidos con:

la excelencia y calidad en los servicios a nuestros clientes,

el perfeccionamiento permanente de un modelo imparcial, participativo y transparente de autorregulacin,

la adopcin y promocin de avances tecnolgicos y estndares de la industria,

el fortalecimiento de las relaciones con los principales actores de Internet en la regin,

el desarrollo de capacidades regionales a travs de la capacitacin y difusin de tecnologa relacionada a Internet.

Network Address Translation

NAT (Network Address Translation - Traduccin de Direccin de Red) es un mecanismo utilizado por routers IP para intercambiar paquetes entre dos redes que se asignan mutuamente direcciones incompatibles. Consiste en convertir en tiempo real las direcciones utilizadas en los paquetes transportados. Tambin es necesario editar los paquetes para permitir la operacin de protocolos que incluyen informacin de direcciones dentro de la conversacin del protocolo.

Su uso ms comn es permitir utilizar direcciones privadas (definidas en el RFC 1918) y an as proveer conectividad con el resto de Internet. Existen rangos de direcciones privadas que pueden usarse libremente y en la cantidad que se quiera dentro de una red privada. Si el nmero de direcciones privadas es muy grande puede usarse solo una parte de direcciones pblicas para salir a Internet desde la red privada. De esta manera simultneamente solo pueden salir a Internet con una direccin IP tantos equipos como direcciones pblicas se hayan contratado. Esto es necesario debido a la progresiva escasez de direcciones provocada por el agotamiento de stas. Se espera que con el advenimiento de IPv6 no sea necesario continuar con esta prctica.IP=192.168.3.0 /24

Dividir en 4 subredes:

IP=11000000.10101000.00000011.10000000

M=11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

La mscara para obtener 4 subredes:

M=11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

M=255.255.255.192

Las subredes:

1)192.168.3.0 /26

2)192.168.3.64 /26

3)192.168.3.128 /26

4)192.168.3.192 /26

IP=192.30.2.10

M=255.255.255.0

IP=11000000.00011110.00000010.00001010

M=11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

R=11000000.00011110.00000010.00000000

R=192.30.2.0

IP=192.168.3.0 /24

Dividir en 4 subredes:

IP=11000000.10101000.00000011.00000000

M=11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

La mscara para obtener 4 subredes:

M=11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000

M=255.255.255.192

Las subredes:

1)192.168.3.0 /26

2)192.168.3.64 /26

3)192.168.3.128 /26

4)192.168.3.192 /26

Ejemplo 1:

10.20.30.40

255.0.0.0

Es igual a:

10.20.30.40 /8 (Bit count o CIDR)

Ejemplo 2:

10.20.30.40

255.255.0.0

Es igual a:

10.20.30.40 /16