iair
TRANSCRIPT
1. INTRO
• The term “air quality” means the state of the air around us. Good air quality refers to clean, clear, unpolluted air.
• Ambient Air Quality(outdoors)
• Indoor air quality
1. INTRO
• Why this topic?
• Air pollution in China. My home town: one of the most severely air polluted areas in China.
• Now I come to USA. • Air pollution problems in USA.
• How to make a project that can solve problem in USA, especially in New York, ITP, as well as be able to benefit back to China?
2. PROBLEM
• According to EPA, the average American spends 93% of their life indoors. 87% of their life is indoors, then another 6% of their life in automobiles. In poorly ventilated dwellings, indoor smoke can be 100 times higher than acceptable levels for small particles. (WHO<< Household air pollutions and health>>2014).
• Concentration of indoor air pollutant is higher than outdoor air concentrations on average, as 5~10 times globally (WHO<< Household air pollution and health>>2012), and 2 to 5 times in USA(1987. The total exposure assessment methodology (TEAM) study: summary and analysis. EPA/600/6-87/002a. Washington, DC ).
• Air in the subway. Density of people, poor ventilation. Average 5,000,000 particles are produced in the subway.
• We have monitor for outdoor air quality, AirNow, EPA… to get these information. But how about the environment around us?
Air pollution isn't only an outdoor problem.
3. DEFINITION
Indoor air quality (IAQ) : the air quality within and around buildings and structures. Dry clean air density.
Clean Dry air: 12 gases that make up clean air are Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide, Neon, Helium, Methane (CH4), Krypton, Hydrogen, Xenon, Ozone(O3) and N2O. It should be made up with certain percentage of volume and weight. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon make up to 99.6% in total.
4. INFLUENCED BY:
Outdoor sources. Outdoor air pollutants that enter buildings through open doors, open windows, ventilation systems, and cracks in structures.
Indoor sources (sources within buildings themselves). Combustion sources in indoor settings, cleaning supplies, paints, insecticides, and other commonly used products that introduce many different chemicals, building materials. Other substances in indoor air are of natural origin, such as mold and pet dander.
Amount of Ventilation. The rate at which outdoor air replaces indoor air is described as the air exchange rate. When there is little infiltration, natural ventilation, or mechanical ventilation, the air exchange rate is low and pollutant levels can increase.
Human factors: Overcrowded space; Customs, habits, traditions; Level of economic development( Industrialized = developing countries) .
5. COMMON COMPONENTS
1. Contaminant Gas. • Radon• Carbon monoxide• Biological pollutants - Mites - Allergens - Moulds • Pesticides
• Ozone• Asbestos fibers
• Carbon dioxide
2. Floating Particulate matter (PM). Also known as particle pollution, is a complex mixture of extremely small dust and soot particles. It is divided into two categories, “PM10” and “PM2.5.” PM10 is matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter. PM2.5 is even smaller - measuring 2.5 micrometers or less.
6. AIR QUALITY INDEX
Air Quality Index(AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors
When the AQI is in this range:
..air quality conditions are:
...as symbolized by this color:
0-50 Good Green
51-100 Moderate Yellow
101-150Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
Orange
151 to 200 Unhealthy Red
201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple
301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon
http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi
6. AIR QUALITY INDEX
• The reported AQI is the calculated value for the past 24 hours in that area and, dependent upon each monitoring site.
• USEPA uses the AQI for five major pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act –
1. ground-level ozone, 2. particulate matter, 3. carbon monoxide, 4. sulfur dioxide 5. nitrogen dioxide.
• For each of these pollutants, USEPA has established a scale based on the NAAQS to protect against harmful health effects.
EPA's table of breakpoints
O3 (ppb)
O3 (ppb)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
PM10 (µg/m3)
CO (ppm)
SO2 (ppb)
NO2 (ppb)
AQI AQI
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Clow- Chigh (avg)
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Clow - Chigh(avg)
Ilow -
Ihigh
Category
0-59 (8-hr)
- 0.0-12.0 (24-hr)
0-54 (24-hr) 0.0-4.4 (8-hr)
0-35 (1-hr)
0-53 (1-hr)
0-50 Good
60-75 (8-hr)
- 12.1-35.4 (24-hr)
55-154 (24-hr)
4.5-9.4 (8-hr)
36-75 (1-hr)
54-100 (1-hr)
51-100
Moderate
76-95 (8-hr)
125-164 (1-hr)
35.5-55.4 (24-hr)
155-254 (24-hr)
9.5-12.4 (8-hr)
76-185 (1-hr)
101-360 (1-hr)
101-150
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
96-115 (8-hr)
165-204 (1-hr)
55.5-150.4 (24-hr)
255-354 (24-hr)
12.5-15.4 (8-hr)
186-304 (1-hr)
361-649 (1-hr)
151-200
Unhealthy
116-374 (8-hr)
205-404 (1-hr)
150.5-250.4 (24-hr)
355-424 (24-hr)
15.5-30.4 (8-hr)
305-604 (24-hr)
650-1249 (1-hr)
201-300
Very Unhealthy
- 405-504 (1-hr)
250.5-350.4 (24-hr)
425-504 (24-hr)
30.5-40.4 (8-hr)
605-804 (24-hr)
1250-1649 (1-hr)
301-400
Hazardous
- 505-604 (1-hr)
350.5-500.4 (24-hr)
505-604 (24-hr)
40.5-50.4 (8-hr)
805-1004 (24-hr)
1650-2049 (1-hr)
401-500
Hazardous
Revised Air Quality Standards For Particle Pollution And Updates To The Air Quality Index (AQI) (PDF). North Carolina: US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. 2013.
Computing the AQI
Piecewise linear function of the pollutant concentration. At the boundary between AQI
categories, there is a discontinuous jump of one AQI unit.
where:
AQI to concentration http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=resources.aqi_conc_calc
Air Detection —— Quantify your surrounding air environment (Air quality and temperature). Bring the consciousness of air quality and air pollution.
Wearable —— Personal use. Quantified well-being. Solve the problem of the lack of IAQ information, measures air quality on the spot, wherever you are.
Communication —— Bluetooth link to your phone.
Notification —— Private : Visualization of synced data on mobile phones; Line graph of past AQ data; Public: LED index of air quality.
Intervene —— Share information in small community.
7. PROJECT
Shape : Fashion, design. Remind you of the old good time. Fine wood.
User : Young white-collar girls who spend most of time indoors, love beauty, care about their health; people work in labs like ITP; at home.
Use places : Home(especially new houses); Vehicles; Large buildings; Labs.
Scope of intimacy : As private as your personal accessory; As public as a public indoor air quality sharing device.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
Sensor: (my own conclusion. may not be appropreiate)
1. Contaminant gas sensor
Made of certain material that is sensitive to contaminant gas/other attributes.
2. Dust sensor/PM Sensor
Particle Matter.
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSENSOR COMMUNICATIO
N WEB MOBILE
TP-401 Gas SensorSemi-conductor
RFduino Hybird App
SnO2(Tin dioxide)Resistance decrease in fresh clean air.They are used in air quality control equipments for buildings/offices, are suitable for detecting of NH3,NOx, SOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke,CO2 ,etc.Cost efficient.
Arduino + Bluetooth + Temperature
sensor
Nodejs + MongoDB to store
data
PhoneGapBluetooth
sync transfer
data
USE CASES
Office & large buildings
Public Share AQ with people surround you
Air Quality Index(AQI)
Values
Levels of
Health Concern
0-50 Good
51-100 Moderate
101-150
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
151 to 200
Unhealthy
201 to 300
Very Unhealthy
301 to 500
Hazardous
color mapping RGB LED
DESIGN
Conch
The shape recalls the connection between air and ocean.
LED display like breathing. The color are mapped from AQI table.
1st version
Device ———— mobile phone ——— Server ——— web
Sync request
Store the latest data
on local storage
Store to server
Bluetooth
“Fake pair”
Send data
9s
Sleep
Active
Mobile: sync data, latest data, bar graph
Read the newest data from
local storageSearch and find RFduino
device with the name “iAir”
Disconnect
LED on!
Read History
SENSOR TEST
MQ135, TP401
shop: 349 outside shop: 250restroom: 351kitchen area: 356near window: 356road: 369, 370washington Square beside a tree: 351–368—354–373park beside the road near my house: 377home night: 344home morning:349
Noise
NEXT
Sensor adjusting: State of NY Air Monitoring Division. EPA.
Mobile/web redesign.
Code upgrade:
Reduce the effect that is brought by temperature.
Public sharing
Send to ITP screen.