IAEA Workshop on Global Safety Culture

National Factors

Practical Hofstede Gareth Lloyd Evans Human Factors Specialists – Emirates Flight Training College

Contents Practical Hofstede

•  Hofstede dimensions

•  Map exercise

•  Culture stereotypes vs

Knowledge

•  Training to affect Hofstede

dimensions

•  Summary

Influence on Safety Culture

Na#onal  Culture  

Genera#onal  Culture  

Organisa#onal  Culture  

Professional  Culture  

Safety  Culture  

National Culture – Dimensions

Power Distance Acceptance of differences in power and hierarchy Uncertainty Avoidance Desire to avoid any form of ambiguity or uncertainty Individualism versus Collectivism Motivation for decisions and actions, doing something for oneself or for a group (family, community, nation etc.) Masculinity versus Femininity Assertiveness/competitiveness versus modesty/caring

Contents Practical Hofstede

•  Hofstede dimensions

•  Map exercise

•  Culture stereotypes vs

Knowledge

•  Training to affect Hofstede

dimensions

•  Summary

‘Thinking Fast and Slow’ about National Culture

Deliberate and Slow

•  Attention •  Perception/Memory •  Reasoning •  Creativity

â Result and Response

Intuitive and Fast

•  Attention •  Perception •  Memory

â Result and Response

(Kahneman,  2011)  

A Multicultural Airline 3700+ Pilots : 93 Passports : 128 Nationalities

Beware of generalisations!

Pilot culture may differ from national culture!

Limited English ≠ Limited intelligence

Short and to the point ≠ Aggressive

Contents Practical Hofstede

•  Hofstede dimensions

•  Map exercise

•  Culture stereotypes vs

Knowledge

•  Training to affect Hofstede

dimensions

•  Summary

Which Cultures can training affect?

Na#onal  Culture  

Genera#onal  Culture  

Organisa#onal  Culture  

Professional  Culture  

Safety  Culture  

Motivating image?

Motivation

x 10 Scale

(Boeing, 2013)

Communication

0  

10  

20  

30  

40  

50  

60  

Disagree  Strongly  

Disagree   Neutral   Agree   Agree  Strongly  

"When the workload is high, I have no problem understanding a non-native English speaker"

N=1809, EK CMAQ 2009

English  Only   English  PLus  Non  English   Non  English  Mul#ple  

Accents

EK  HF  Office  Pilot  Ques#onnaire  (256  pilots)    

Clarifying Communication

•  The Captain shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that no passenger secretes themselves or secretes any cargo on board the aircraft.

English non

Primary

English Primary

Available English

Clarifying Communication

•  The Captain shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that no passenger secretes themselves or secretes any cargo on board the aircraft.

English non

Primary

English Primary

Available English

HIDE HIDE

How can you promote a Professional Culture?

•  Selection •  Regulation •  Licence / Qualification •  Training •  Development / Progression •  Professional Associations •  Leadership / Role models

Na#onal  Culture  

Genera#onal  Culture  

Organisa#onal  Culture  

Professional  Culture  

Safety  Culture  

How can you promote an Organisational Culture?

•  Values •  Aims •  Informed •  Supervision / Standards •  Training •  Leadership

Na#onal  Culture  

Genera#onal  Culture  

Organisa#onal  Culture  

Professional  Culture  

Safety  Culture  

Summary

•  Hofstede’s dimension are a tool to facilitate National Culture discussion

•  Thinking Fast and Slow •  Think Slow •  Get more data

•  Training •  What behaviour do you want? •  Develop training to affect;

•  Hofstede dimensions

Thank You