ia of seawater desalination plants: case study
TRANSCRIPT
IA OF SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANTSCASE STUDY: ESIA FOR THE GAZA CENTRAL DESALINATION PLANT
SEPTEMBER 2016 ÁLVARO ADAM
ACCIONA INGENIERÍ[email protected]
• Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate ofpopulation increase.
• 85% of the world population lives in the driest half of the planet.
• 800 million people do not have access to clean water.
• 2025: 2/3 with severe fresh water shortages.
FACTS ABOUT WATER SCARCITY
FACTS ABOUT DESALINATION
40% of the world’s populationwithin 100 km of the sea.
Seawater represents 97% of thetotal volume of water.
Desalination enables 1% of allthe drinking water.
It takes 2 liters to make 1 liters.
Half of the cost comes fromenergy.
Continuous improvements:reverse osmosis.
SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT
Source: Courtesy of the San Diego County Water Authority
SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT
IMPACTS OF SEAWATER DESALINATION
EMISSIONS
DISCHARGE
INTAKE
High energy requirements: FOSSIL ENERGY SOURCES
Air pollutants: Greenhouse gas: CO2/CO Acid rain gases: NO/NO2/SO2 Fine particulate matter: PM10/PM2.5
IMPACTS OF SEAWATER DESALINATION: AIR EMISSIONS
IMPACTS OF SEAWATER DESALINATION: INTAKE SEAWATER
The withdrawal of water canaffect biological resourcesthrough two processes:
• Impingement
• Entrainment
Both cause increasedmortality rates for planktonsand small fishes.
POPULATION & BIODIVERSITY
IMPACTS OF SEAWATER DESALINATION: INTAKE SEAWATER
BRINE WATER DISCHARGEDense brine water sinks to the seabottom, impacting the benthiccommunities.Lower levels of dissolved Oxygen.Increase the total alkalinity level.
TEMPERATURE INCREASEDeath due to thermal shock.Proliferation of harmful algalblooms.Coral bleaching.Decreased larval survival.
IMPACTS OF SEAWATER DESALINATION: DISCHARGE
POPULATION 1.8 million (1.3 refugees)
CROWDED 6th most densely populated Population growth rate: 3 %
SOCIO-ECONOMIC Unemployment Food insecurity Aid dependency
BLOCKADE Electricity intermittent Water supply
GAZA STRIP – PROFILE
Gaza Airport
Availability of fresh wateramongst the lowest in the world.
Water source: groundwater fromCoastal Aquifer.
Seawater intrusion.
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: NECESSITY
Aquifer : 55 MCM/year.
Consume: 200 MCM/year.
Aquifer irreversibly damagedby 2020: salinity.
PROJECT OWNER:
TECHNICAL SUPPORT:
ESIA CONSULTANCY SERVICES:
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: PROJECT BACKGROUND
Improve the water supply situation in the Gaza Strip.
Construction, operation and maintenance of a 55million m3/a desalination plant based on the ROtechnology.
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: LOCATION
LOT 2:
PV plant on ground structure(off-site)
Wind turbines on coast area(off-site)
LOT 1:
SWRO desalination plant Fossil power plant with
reciprocating engines PV plant on the roofs of the
SWRO buildings
55 million m3/a25-30 MWe 2.5 MWe
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: POWER SUPPLY CONFIGURATION
12 MWe 4 MWe
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: INTAKE AND DISCHARGE
Brine dispersion study:
Bathymetry
Temperatures
Salinities
Currents
Brine disposal system:
Diffuser for highly diluting
Reduce excess salinity(regulations)
Salinities: 20 m of the outfall
DESALINATION FACILITY PROJECT: INTAKE AND DISCHARGE
Ultrafiltration system for the pre-treatmentprocess: less energy and chemicalsconsumption.
Design and location of the intake adjusted tothe particularity of the local marineecosystems.
Best available technology will be used:
Impingement reduction: 85-95%
Entrainment reduction: 60-90%.
Monitor the pollutant concentrations of thedischarge: real time monitoring of marineenvironment near discharge. AUTOMATIC
MONITORING
THANK YOU!!