i494320cat previous paper 2004

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SECTION-I

Sub–Section I-A: Number of Question = 26

Note: Q. 1 to 26 carry one mark each.

Directions for Questions 1 to 4: Answer thequestions on the basis of the information givenbelow.

The data points in the figure below representmonthly income and expenditure data of individual members of the Ahuja family (%), theBose family (œ), the Coomar family (Ï), and theDubey family (). For these questions, savings isdefined as

Savings = Income – Expenditure

1. Which family has the lowest averageincome?

a. Ahuja

b. Bose

c. Coomard. Dubey

2. Which family has the highest averageexpenditure?

a. Ahuja

b. Bose

c. Coomar

d. Dubey

3. The highest amount of savings accrues to amember of which family?

a. Ahuja

b. Bosec. Coomar

d. Dubey

4. Which family has the lowest averagesavings?

a. Ahuja

b. Bose

c. Coomar

d. Dubey


The Dean’s office recently scanned student resultsinto the central computer system. When theircharacter reading software cannot read something,it leaves that space blank. The scanner outputreads as follows:

In the grading system, A, B, C, D, and F gradesfetch 6, 4, 3, 2, and 0 grade points respectively.The Grade Point Average (GPA) is the arithmeticmean of the grade points obtained in the fivesubjects. For exmp1e Nisha’s GPA is (6 + 2 + 4 +4 + 6 4 – 0)/5 = 3.6. Some additional facts are alsoknown about the students’ grades. These are

(a) Vipu obtained the same grade inMarketing as Aparna obtained in Financeand Strategy.

(b) Fazal obtained the same grade in Strategyas Utkarsh did in Marketing.

(c) Tara received the same grade in exactly

three courses.Name

F i n an c e

M ar k e t i n g

S t a t i s t i c s

S t r a t e g y

O p e r a t i on s

GP A

Aparna D F 1.4Bikas D D F FChandra D A F F 24Deepak A B D D 3.2Fazal D F D D 2.4Gowri C C A B 3.8Hari B A D 2.8Ismet B A jagdeep A A B C 3.8

CAT Paper-2004

COMMON ADMISSION TEST



2 of 24Kunal F A F F 1.8Leena B A B F 3.2Manab A B ANishaOsman C B B A 4.6Preeti F D D 3.2Rahul A C A F 4.2Sameer C F BTara B 2.4Utkarsh F C A 3.0Vipul A C C F 2.4

5. What grade did Preeti obtain in Statistics?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

6. In Operations, Tara could have receivedthe same grade as

a. Ismet

b.

Haric. Jagdeep

d. Manab

7. What grade did Utkarsh obtain in Finance?

a. B

b. C

c. D

d. F

8. In Strategy, Gowri’s grade point washigher than that obtained by

a. Fazal

b. Hari

c. Nisha

d. Rahul


Purana and Naya are two brands of kitchen mixer-grinders available in the local market. Purana is anold brand that was introduced in 1990, while Nayawas introduced in 1997. For both these brands,20% of the mixer- grinders bought in a particularyear are disposed off as junk exactly two ‘earslater. It is known that 10 Purana mixer-grinderswere disposed off in 1 997. The following figuresshow the number of Purana and Naya mixer-grinders in operation from 1995 to 2000, as at theend of the year.

9. How many Naya mixer-grinders werepurchased in 1999?

a. 44

b. 50

c. 55

d. 64

10. How many Naya mixer-grinders weredisposed off by the end of 2000?

a. 10

b. 16

c. 22

d. Cannot be determined from the data

11. How many Purana mixer-grinders werepurchased in 1999?

a. 20

b. 23

c. 50


12. How many Purana mixer-grinders weredisposed off in 2000?

a. 0

b. 5

c. 6



Prof. Singh has been tracking the number of visitors to his homepage. His service provider hasprovided him with the following data on thecountry of origin of the visitors and the universitythey belong to:

Number of visitorsDay

COUNTRY 1 2 3

Canada 2 0 0Netherlands 1 1 0India 1 2 0UK 2 0 2USA 1 0 2

Number of visitorsDay

COUNTRYUniversity 1University 2

112

200

300



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University 3University 4University 5University 6University 7University 8

001120

100002

020100

13. To which country does University 5belong?

a. India or Netherlands but not USA

b. India or USA but not Netherlands

c. Netherlands or USA but not India

d. India or USA but not UK

14. University 1 can belong to

a. UK

b. Canada

c.

Nethrandsd. USA

15. Visitors from how many universities fromUK visited Prof. Singh’s homepage in thethree days?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

16. Which among the listed countries can

possibly host three of the eight listeduniversities?

a. None

b. Only UK

c. Only India

d. Both India and UK

Directions for Questions 17 to 20: Answer thequestion on the basis of the information givenbelow.

A study was conducted to ascertain the relativeimportance lat employees in five differentcountries assigned to five different traits in theirChief Executive Officers. The traits werecompassion (C), decisiveness (D), negotiationskills (N), public visibility (P), and vision (V).The level of dissimilarity between two countries isthe maximum difference in the ranks allotted bythe two countries to any of the five traits. Thefollowing table indicates the rank order of the fivetraits for each country.

COUNTRYRank India China Japan Malaysia Thailand1 C N D V V2 P C N D C3 N P C P N4 V D V C P5 D V P N D

17. Which of the following countries is leastdissimilar to India?

a. China

b. Japan

c. Malaysia

d. Thailand

18. Which amongst the following countries ismost dissimilar to India?

a. China

b. Japan

c. Malaysia

d. Thailand

19. Which of the following pairs of countriesare most dissimilar?

a. China & Japan

b. India & China

c. Malaysia & Japan

d. Thailand & Japan

20. Three of the following four pairs of countries have identical levels of dissimilarity. Which pair is the odd oneout?

a. Malaysia & China

b. China & Thailand

c. Thailand & Japan

d. Japan & Malaysia

Directions for Questions 21 to 26: Each question

is followed by two statements, A and B. Answereach question using the following instructions:

21. Four candidates for an award obtaindistinct scores in a test. Each of the fourcasts a vote to choose the winner of theaward. The candidate who gets the largestnumber of votes wins the award. In case of a tie in the voting process, the candidatewith the highest score wins the award.Who wins the award?



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A. The candidate with top three scoreseach vote for the top scorer amongstthe other three.

B. The candidate with the lowest scorevotes for the player with the secondhighest score.

a. if the question can be answered by

using one of the statements alone butnot by using the other statement alone.

b. if the question can be answered byusing either of the statements alone.

c. if the question can be answered byusing both statements together but notby either statement alone.

d. if the question cannot be answered onthe basis of the two statements.

22. Zakib spends 30% of his income on hischildren’s education, 20% on recreationand 10% on healthcare. The correspondingpercentages for Supriyo are 40%, 25% and13%. Who spends more on children’seducation?

A. Zakib spends more on recreation thanSupriyo.

B. Supriyo spends more on healthcarethan Zakib.

a. if the question can be answered byusing one of the statements alone butnot by using the other statement alone.




23. Tarak is standing 2 steps to the left of a redmark and 3 steps to the right of a bluemark. He tosses a coin. If it comes up

heads, he moves one step to the right;otherwise he moves one step to the left. Hekeeps doing this until he reaches one of thetwo marks, and then he stops. At whichmark does he stop?

A. He stops after 21 coin tosses.

B. He obtains three more tails than heads.





24. In a class of 30 students, Rashmi securedthe third rank among the girls while herbrother Kumar studying in the same classsecured the sixth rank in the whole class.Between the two who had a better overallrank?

A. Kumar was among the top 25 % of theboys merit list in the class in which60% were boys.

B. There were three boys among the topfive rank holders and three girls among

the top ten rank holders.a. if the question can be answered by

using one of the statements alone butnot by using the other statement alone.




25. Nandini paid for an article using currencynotes of denominations Re. 1, Rs. 2, Rs. 5and Rs. 10 using at least one note of eachdenomination. The total number of fiveand ten rupee notes used was one morethan the total number of one and two rupeenotes used. What was the price of thearticle?

A. Nandini used a total of 13 currencynotes.

B.

The price of the article was a multipleof Rs. 10.






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26. Ravi spent less than Rs. 75 to buy onekilogram each of potato, onion, and gourd.Which one of the three vegetables boughtwas the costliest?

A. 2 kg potato and 1 kg gourd cost less

than 1 kg potato and 2 kg gourd.B. 1 kg potato and 2 kg onion together

cost the same as 1 kg onion and 2 kggourd.





Sub–Section I-B: Number of Question = 12

Note: Q. 27 to 38 carry two marks each.


Coach John sat with the score cards of Indianplayers from the 3 games in a one-day crickettournament where the same set of players playedfor India and all the major batsmen got out. Johnsummarized the batting performance through threediagrams, one for each game. In each diagram, thethree outer triangles communicate the number of runs scored by the three top scorers from India,where K, R, S, V, and Y represent Kaif, Rahul,Saurav, Virender, and Yuvraj respectively. Themiddle triangle in each diagram denotes the

percentage of total score that was scored by thetop three Indian scorers in that game. No twoplayers score the same number of runs in the samegame. John also calculated two batting indices foreach player based on his scores in the tournament;the R-index of a batsman is the differencebetween his highest and lowest scores in the 3games while the M-index is the middle number, if his scores are arranged in a non-increasing order.

27. How many players among those listeddefinitely scored less than Yuvraj in thetournament?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. More than 2

28. Which of the players had the best M-indexfrom the tournament?

a. Rahul

b. Saurav

c. Virenderd. Yuvraj

29. For how many Indian players is it possibleto calculate the exact M-index?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. More than 2

30. Among the players mentioned, who canhave the lowest R-index from the

tournament?a. Only Kaif, Rahul or Yuvraj

b. Only Kaif or Rahul

c. Only Kaif or Yuvraj

d. Only Kaif


Twenty one participants from four continents(Africa, Americas, Australasia, and Europe)attended a United Nations conference. Eachparticipant was an expert in one of four fields,labour, health, population studies, and refugeerelocation. The following five facts about theparticipants are given.

(1) The number of labour experts in the campwas exactly half the number of experts ineach of the three other categories



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(2) Africa did not send any labour expert.Otherwise, every continent, includingAfrica, sent at least one expert for eachcategory.

(3) None of the continents sent more thanthree experts in any category.

(4) If there had been one less Australasian

expert, then the Americas would have hadtwice as many experts as each of the othercontinents.

(5) Mike and Alfanso are leading experts of population studies who attended theconference. They are from Australasia.

31. Alex, an American expert in refugeerelocation, was the first keynote speaker inthe conference. What can be inferred aboutthe number of American experts in refugee

relocation in the conference, excludingAlex?

A. At least one

B. At most two

a. Only A and not B

b. Only B and not A

c. Both A and B

d. Neither A nor B

32. Which of the following numbers cannot bedetermined from the information given?

a. Number of labour experts from theAmericas

b. Number of health experts from Europe.

c. Number of health experts fromAustralasia

d. Number of experts in refugeerelocation from Africa

33. Which of the following combinations isNOT possible?

a. 2 experts in population studies fromthe Americas and 2 health experts fromAfrica attended the conference.

b. 2 experts in population studies fromthe Americas and 1 health expert fromAfrica attended the conference.

c. 3 experts in refugee relocation fromthe Americas and I health expert fromAfrica attended the conference.

d. Africa and America each had 1 expertin population studies attending theconference.

34. If Ramos is the lone American expert inpopulation studies, which of the followingis NOT true about the numbers of expertsin the conference from the four continents?

a. There is one expert in health fromAfrica.

b. There is one expert in refugeerelocation from Africa.

c. There are two experts in health fromthe Americas.

d. There are three experts in refugeerelocation from the Americas.

Directions for Questions 35 to 38: Answer the

questions on the basis of the information givenbelow.

The car was 2006. All six teams in Pool A of World Cup hockey play each other exactly once.Each win earns a team three points, a draw earnsone point and a loss earns zero points. The twoteams with the highest points qualify for thesemifinals. In case of a tie, the team with thehighest goal difference (Goals For - GoalsAgainst) qualifies. In the opening match, Spainlost to Germany. After the second round (aftereach team played two matches), the pool table

looked as shown below.

T e a m

G a m e s

P l a y e d

W o n

D r o w n

L o s t

G o a l s f o r

G o a l s a g a i n s t

P o i n t s

GermanyArgentinaSpainPakistanNew ZealandSouth Africa

222222

221100

000000

001122

325211

102144

663300

In the third round, Spain played Pakistan,Argentina played Germany, and New Zealandplayed South Africa. All the third round matcheswere drawn. The following are some results fromthe fourth and fifth round matches

(a) Spain won both the fourth and fifth roundmatches.

(b) Both Argentina and Germany won theirfifth round matches by 3 goals to 0.



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(c) Pakistan won both the fourth and fifthround matches by 1 goal to 0.

35. Which one of the following statements istrue about matches played in the first tworounds?

a. Germany beat New Zealand by 1 goal

to 0.b. Spain beat New Zealand by 4 goals to

0.

c. Spain beat South Africa by 2 goals to0.

d. Germany beat South Africa by 2 goalsto 1

36. Which one of the following statements istrue about matches played in the first tworounds?

a. Pakistan beat South Africa by 2 goalsto 1

b. Argentina beat Pakistan by I goal to 0.

c. Germany beat Pakistan by 2 goals to 1

d. Germany beat Spain by 2 goals to 1.

37. Which team finished at the top of the poolafter five rounds of matches?

a. Argentina

b. Germany

c. Spain

d. Cannot be determined from the data.

38. If Pakistan qualified as one of the twoteams from Pool A, which was the otherteam that qualified?

a. Argentina

b. Germany

c. Spain

d. Cannot be determined from the data.

SECTION-II

Sub–Section II-A: Number of Question = 20

Note: Q. 39 to 58 carry one mark each.

Directions for Questions 39 to 48: Answer thequestions independently of each other.

39. The total number of integer pairs (x, y)satisfying the equation x + y = xy is

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. None of the above

40. Two boats, traveling at 5 and 10 kms perhour, head directly towards each other.

They begin at a distance of 20 kms fromeach other. How far apart are they (in kms)one minute before they collide?

a. 1/12

b. 1/6

c. 1/4

d. 1/3

41. Each family in a locality has at most twoadults, and no family’ has fewer than 3children. Considering all the familiestogether, there are more adults than boys,

more boys than girls, and more girls thanfamilies. Then the minimum possiblenumber of families in the locality is

a. 4

b. 5

c. 2

d. 3

42. Suppose 11 is an integer such that the sumof the digits of n is 2, and 1010 < n < 1011.The number of different values for n is

a. 11b. 10

c. 9

d. 8

43. In Nuts And Bolts factory, one machineproduces only nuts at the rate of 100 nutsper minute and needs to be cleaned for 5minutes after production of every 1000nuts. Another machine produces only boltsat the rate of 75 bolts per minute and needs

to be cleaned for 10 minutes afterproduction of every 1500 bolts. If both themachines start production at the sametime, what is the minimum durationrequired for producing 9000 pairs of nutsand bolts’?

a. 130 minutes

b. 135 minutes

c. 170 minutes

d. 180 minutes



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44. On January 1, 2004 two new societies, S1and S2, are formed, each with n members.On the first day of each subsequent month,SI adds b members while S2 multiplies itscurrent number of members by a constantfactor r. Both the societies have the samenumber of members on July 2, 2004. If b10.5n, what is the value of r?

a. 2.0

b. 9

c. 1.8

d. 1.7

45. Karan and Arjun run a 100-metre race,where Karan beats Arjun by 10 metres, Todo a favour to Arjun, Karan starts 10metres behind the starting line in a second100-metre race. They both run at theirearlier speeds. Which of the following is

true in connection with the second race?a. Karan and Arjun reach the finishing

line simultaneously.

b. Arjun heats Karan by 1 metre.

c. Arjun beats Karan by 11 metres.

d. Karan beats Arjun by 1 metre.

46. A father and his son are waiting at a busstop in the evening. There is a lamp postbehind them. The lamp post, the father andhis son stand on the same straight line. The

father observes that the shadows of hishead and his son’s head are incident at thesame point on the ground. If the heights of the lamp post, the father and his son are 6metres, 1.8 metres and 0.9 metresrespectively, and the father is standing 2.1metres away from the post, then how far(in metres) is the son standing from hisfather?

a. 0.9

b. 0.75

c. 0.6d. 0.45

47. If the sum of the first 11 terms of anarithmetic progression equals that of thefirst 19 terms, then what is the sum of thefirst 30 terms?

a. 0

b. -1

c. 1

d. Not unique

48. If a b c

r b c c a a b

then r cannot

take any value except:

a. 1/2

b. –1

c. 1/2 or -1

d.

–1/2 or -1


In the adjoining figure, I and II are circles withcentres P and Q respectively. The two circlestouch each other and have a common tangent thattouches them at points Rand S respectively. Thiscommon tangent meets the line joining P and Q at0. The diameters of I and II are in the ratio 4 : 3. It

is also known that the length of PO is 28 cm.

49. What is the ratio of the length of PQ tothat of QO?

a. 1 : 4

b. 1 : 3

c. 3 : 8

d. 3 : 4

50. What is the radius of the circle II?

a. 2 cm

b. 3 cm

c. 4 cm

d. 5 cm

51. The length of SO is

a. 83 cm

b. 103 cm

c. 123 cm

d. 143 cm




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52. A milkman mixes 20 litres of water with80 litres of milk. After selling one-fourthof this mixture, he adds water to replenishthe quantity that he has sold. What is thecurrent proportion of water to milk?

a. 2 : 3

b. 1 : 2

c. 1 : 3d. 3 : 4

53. Let f(x) = ax2 – bx, where a and b areconstants. Then at x = 0, f(x) is:

a. maximized whenever a > 0, b > 0

b. maximized whenever a > 0, b < 0

c. minimized whenever a > 0, b > 0

d. minimized whenever a > 0, b < 0

54. If f(x) = x3 – 4x + p, and f(0) and f(1) areof opposite signs, then which of thefollowing is necessarily true?

a. –1 < p < 2

b. 0 < p < 3

c. –2 < p < 1

d. – 3 < p < 0

55. N persons stand on the circumference of acircle at distinct points. Each possible pairof persons, not standing next to each other,sings a two-minute song one pair after theother. If the total time taken for singing is

28 minutes, what is N?a. 5

b. 7

c. 9


56. If a man cycles at 10 km/hr, then hearrives at a certain place at 1 p.m. If hecycles at 15 km/hr, he will arrive at thesame place at 11 a.m. At what speed musthe cycle to get there at noon?

a. 11 km/hrb. 12 km/hr

c. 13 km/hr

d. 14 km/hr

57. Let1

12

13

12

3 .....

y

What is the value of y?

a. (13 + 3)/2

b. (13 – 2)/2

c. (15 + 3)/2

d. (15 – 3)/2

58. A rectangular sheet of paper, when halvedby folding it at the mid point of its longer

side, results in a rectangle, whose longerand shorter sides are in the sameproportion as the longer and shorter sidesof the original rectangle. If the shorter sideof the original rectangle is 2, what is thearea of the smaller rectangle?

a. 42

b. 22

c. 2


Sub–Section II-B: Number of Question = 15



59. In the adjoining figure, the lines representone-way roads allowing travel onlynorthwards or only westwards. Along how

many distinct routes can a car reach pointB from point A?

a. 15

b. 56

c. 120

d. 336

60. In the adjoining figure, chord ED isparallel to the diameter AC of the circle. If angle CBE = 65°, then what is the value of angle DEC?

a. 35°



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b. 55°

c. 45°

d. 25°

61. If the lengths of diagonals DF, AG and CEof the cube shown in the adjoining figureare equal to the three sides of a triangle,then the radius of the circle circumscribing

that triangle will be

a. equal to the side of the cube

b. 3 times the side of the cubec. 1/ 3 times the side of the cube

d. impossible to find from the giveninformation

62. A sprinter starts running on a circular pathof radius r metres. Her average speed (inmetres/minute) is p r during the first 30seconds, pr/2 during next one minute, pr/4during next 2 minutes, pr/8 during next 4minutes, and so on. What is the ratio of thetime taken for the nth round to that for theprevious round?

a. 4

b. 8

c. 16

d. 32

63. Let C be a circle with centre P0 and AB bea diameter of C. Suppose P1 is the midpoint of the line segment P0B, P2 is themid point of the line segment P1B and soon. Let C1, C2, C3, .... be circles with

diameters P0P1, P1P2, P2P3 .....respectively. Suppose the circles C1, C2,C3, are all shaded. The ratio of the area of the unshaded portion of C to that of theoriginal circle C is

a. 8 : 9

b. 9 : 10

c. 10 : 11

d. 11 : 12

64. On a semicircle with diameter AD, chordBC is parallel to the diameter, Further;each of the chords AB and CD has length2, while AD has length 8. What is thelength of BC?

a. 7.5

b. 7

c. 7.75


65. A circle with radius 2 is placed against aright angle. Another smaller circle is alsoplaced as shown in the adjoining figure.What is the radius of the smaller circle?

a. 3 – 22

b. 4 – 22

c. 7 – 42

d. 6 – 42

66. The remainder, when (1523 + 2323) isdivided by 19, is

a. 4

b. 15

c. 0

d. 18

67. A new flag is to be designed with six

vertical stripes u3ing some or all of thecolours yellow, green, blue and red. Then,the number of ways this can be done suchthat no two adjacent stripes have the samecolour is

a. 12 × 81

b. 16 × 192

c. 20 × 125

d. 24 × 216



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Directions for Questions 68 and 69: Answer thequestions on the basis of the information givenbelow.

f1(x) = x 0 x 1

= 1 x 1

= 0 otherwise

f2(x) = f1(– x) for all xf3(x) = –f2(x) for all x

f4(x) = f3 (-x) for all x

68. How many of the following products arenecessarily zero for every x:

1 2 , 2 3 , 2 4 f x f x f x f x f x f x

a. 0

b. 1

c.

2d. 3

69. Which of the following is necessarily true?

a. f4(x) = fl(x) for all x

b. f1(x) = –f3(–x) for all x

c. f2(–x) = f4(x) for all x

d. f1(x) + f3(x) = 0 for all x

Directions for Questions 70 and 71: Answer thequestions independently of each other.

70. Consider the sequence of numbers a1, a2,a3 ....... to infinity where a1 = 81.33 and a2 = –19 and a j = a j–1 – a j–2 for j3 3. What isthe sum of the first 6002 terms of thissequence?

a. –100.33

b. –30.00

c. 62.33

d. 119.33

71. Let u = (log2x)2 – 6 log2x + 12 where x is areal number. Then the equation xu = 256,has

a. no solution for x

b. exactly one solution for x

c. exactly two distinct solutions for x

d. exactly three distinct solutions for x

Directions for Questions 72 and 73: Answer thequestions on the basis of the information givenbelow.

In an examination, there are 100 questions dividedinto three groups A, B and C such that each groupcontains at least one question. Each question ingroup A carries 1 mark, each question in group B

carries 2 marks and each question in group Ccarries 3 marks. It is known that the questions ingroup A together carry at least 60% of the totalmarks.

72. If group B contains 23 questions, then howmany questions are there in group C?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d.

Cannot be determined73. If group C contains 8 questions and group

B carries at least 20% of the total marks,which of the following best describes thenumber of questions in group B?

a. 11 or 12

b. 12 or 13

c. 13 or 14

d. 14 or 15

SECTION-III

Sub–Section III-A: Number of Question = 45

Note: Q. 74 to 83 carry half a mark each. All

the other questions in Sub-Section III-A carry

one mark each.

Directions for Questions 74 to 83: Fill up theblanks, numbered [74], [75] ....... up to [83], in thetwo passages below with the most appropriate

word from the options given for each blank.At that time the White House was as serene as aresort hotel out of season. The corridors were[74]. In the various offices, [75] gray men inwaistcoats talked to one another in low-pitchedvoices. The only color, or choler, curiouslyenough, was provided by President Eisenhowerhimself. Apparently, his [76] was easily set off; hescowled when he [77] the corridors.



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74. a. striking

b. hollow

c. empty

d. white

75. a. quietb. faded

c. loud

d. stentorian

76. a. laughter

b. curiosity

c. humour

d. temper

77. a. paced

b. strolled

c. stormed

d. prowled

“Between the year 1946 and the year 1955, 1 didnot file any income tax returns.” With that [78]statement, Ramesh embarked on an account of hisencounter with the Income Tax Department. “I

originally owed Rs 20,000 in unpaid taxes. With[79] and [80], the 20,000 became 60,000. TheIncome Tax Department then went into action,and I learned first hand just how much power theTax Department wields. Royalties and trust fundscan be [81]; automobiles may be [82], andauctioned off. Nothing belongs to the [83] untilthe case is settled,”

78. a. devious

b. blunt

c. tactful

d. pretentious

79. a. interest

b. taxes

c. principal

d. returns

80.

a. sanctions

b. refunds

c. fees

d. fines

81. a. closed

b. detachedc. attached

d. impounded

82. a. smashed

b. seized

c. dismantled

d. frozen

83. a. purchaserb. victim

c. investor

d. offender

Directions for Questions 84 to 86: Identify theincorrect sentence or sentences.

84. Identify the incorrect sentence orsentences.

A. Last Sunday, Archana had nothing todo.

B. After waking up, she lay on the bedthinking of what to do.

C. At 11 o’clock she took shower and gotready.

D. She spent most of the day shopping.

a. B and C

b. C

c. A and B

d. B, C, and D


A. It was a tough situation and Manasi‘was taking pains to make it better.

B. Slowly her efforts gave fruit and thingsstarted improving.

C. Everyone complemented her for hergood work.



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D. She was very happy and thankedeveryone for their help.

a. A

b. D

c. B and C

d. A and C


A. Harish told Raj to plead guilty.

B. Raj pleaded guilty of stealing moneyfrom the shop.

C. The court found Raj guilty of all thecrimes he was charged with.

D. He was sentenced for three years in jail.

a. A and C

b. B and Dc. A, C, and D

d. B, C, and D

Directions for Questions 87 to 89: Eachstatement has a part missing. Choose the bestoption from the four options given below thestatement to make up the missing part:

87. Archaeologists believe that the pieces of

red-ware pottery excavated recently nearBhavnagar and ______________ shedlight on a hitherto dark 600year period inthe Harappan history of Gujarat.

a. estimated with a reasonable certaintyas being about 3400 years old,

b. are estimated reasonably certain to beabout 3400 years old

c. estimated at about 3400 years old withreasonable certainty,

d. estimated with reasonable certainty to

be about 3400 years old,88. Many people suggest ___________ and

still others would like to convince peoplenot to buy pirated cassettes

a. to bring down audiocassette prices toreduce the incidence of music piracy,others advocate strong legal actionagainst the offenders,

b. bringing, down audiocassette prices toreduce the incidents of music piracy,

others are advocating strong legalaction against offenders,

c. bringing down audiocassette prices toreduce the incidence of music piracy,others advocate strong legal actionagainst offenders,

d. audiocassette prices to be brought

down to reduce incidence of musicpiracy, others advocate that stronglegal action must be taken againstoffenders,

89. The ancient Egyptians believed______________ so that when theseobjects were magically reanimated throughthe correct rituals, they would be able tofunction effectively.

a. that it was essential that things theyportrayed must have every relevant

feature shown as clearly as possibleb. it was essential for things they portray

to have had every relevant featureshown as clearly as possible,

c. it was essential that the things theyportrayed had every relevant featureshown as clearly as possible

d. that when they portrayed things, itshould have every relevant featureshown as clearly as possible

Directions for Questions 90 to 92: In eachquestion, the word at the top of the table is used infour different ways, numbered I to 4, Choose theoption in which the usage of the word isINCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.

90. FALLOUT

a. Nagasaki suffered from the fallout of nuclear radiation.

b. People believed that the political

fallout of the scandal would beinsignificant.

c. Who can predict the environmentalfallout of the WTO agreements?

d. The headmaster could not understandthe fallout of several of his goodstudents at the Public examination.

91. PASSING

a. She did not have passing marks inmathematics



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b. The mad woman was cursingeverybody passing her on the road.

c. At the birthday party all the childrenenjoyed a game of passing the parcel.

d. A passing taxi was stopped to rush theaccident victim to the hospital

92. BOLT

a. The shopkeeper showed us a bolt of fine silk.

b. As he could not move, he made a boltfor the gate.

c. Could you please bolt the door?

d. The thief was arrested before he couldbolt from the scene of the crime.

Directions for Questions 93 to 95: The sentencesgiven in each question, when properly sequenced,

form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence islabeled with a letter. Choose the most logicalorder of sentences from among the given choicesto construct a coherent paragraph.

93. A. In the west, Allied Forces had fought

their way through southern Italy as faras Rome.

B. In June 1944 Germany’s military

position in World War Two appearedhopeless.

C. In Britain, the task of amassing themen and materials for the liberation of northern Europe had been completed.

D. The Red Army was poised to drive theNazis back through Poland.

E. The situation on the eastern front wascatastrophic.

a. EDACB

b. BEDAC

c. BDECA

d. CEDAB

94. A. He left justified in bypassing Congress

altogether on a variety of moves.

B. At times he was fighting the entireCongress.

C. Bush felt he had a mission to restorepower to the presidency.

D. Bush was not fighting just thedemocrats.

E. Representative democracy is a messybusiness, and a CEO of the WhiteHouse does not like a legislature of second guessers and time wasters.

a. CAEDB

b. DBAECc. CEADB

d. ECDBA

95. A. The two neighbours never fought each

other.

B. Fights involving three male fiddlercrabs have been recorded, but thestatus of the participants was unknown.

C. They pushed or grappled only with the

intruder.D. We recorded 17 cases in which a

resident that was fighting an intruderwas joined by an immediate neighbour,an ally.

E. We therefore tracked 268 intrudermales until we saw them fighting aresident male.

a. BEDAC

b. DEBAC

c. BDCAEd. BCEDA

Directions for Questions 96 and 97: Fouralternative summaries are given below each text.Choose the option that best captures the essenceof the text.

96. The human race is spread all over theworld, from the polar regions to the

tropics. The people of whom it is made upeat different kinds of food, partlyaccording to the climate in which theylive, and partly according to the kind of food which their country produces. In hotclimates, meat and fat are not muchneeded; but in the Arctic regions theyseem to be very necessary for keeping upthe heat of the body. Thus, in India, peoplelive chiefly on different kinds of grains,eggs, milk, or sometimes fish and meat. InEurope, people eat more meat and less



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grain. In the Arctic regions, where nograins and fruits are produced, the Eskimoand other races live almost entirely onmeat and fish.

a. Food eaten by people in differentregions of the world depends on theclimate and produce of the region, and

varies from meat and fish in the Arcticto predominantly grains in the tropics.

b. Hot climates require people to eatgrains while cold regions requirepeople to eat meat and fish.

c. In hot countries people eat mainlygrains while in the Arctic, they eatmeat and fish because they cannotgrow grains.

d. While people in Arctic regions likemeat and fish and those in hot regions

like India prefer mainly grains, theyhave to change what they eatdepending on the local climate and thelocal produce.

97. You seemed at first to take no notice of your school-fellows, or rather to setyourself against them because they werestrangers to you. They knew as little of you as you did of them; this would havebeen the reason for their keeping aloof from you as well, which you would havefelt as a hardship. Learn never to conceivea prejudice against others because youknow nothing of them. It is bad reasoning,and makes enemies of half the world. Donot think ill of them till they behave ill toyou; and then strive to avoid the faultswhich you see in them. This will disarmtheir hostility sooner than pique orresentment or complaint.

a. The discomfort you felt with yourschool fellows was because both sidesknew little of each other. You should

not complain unless you find othersprejudiced against you and haveattempted to carefully analyze thefaults you have observed in them.

b. The discomfort you felt with yourschool fellows was because both sidesknew little of each other. Avoidprejudice and negative thoughts tillyou encounter bad behaviour fromothers, and then win them over byshunning the faults you have observed.

c. You encountered hardship amongstyour school fellows because you didnot know them well. You should learnto not make enemies because of yourprejudices irrespective of theirbehaviour towards you.

d. You encountered hardship amongst

your school fellows because you didnot know them well. You should learnto not make enemies because of yourprejudices unless they behave badlywith you.

Directions for Questions 98 to 118: Each of thefive passages given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to eachquestion.

PASSAGE I

Recently I spent several hours sitting under a treein my garden with the social anthropologistWilliam Ury, a Harvard University professor whospecializes in the art of negotiation and wrote thebestselling book, Getting to Yes. He captivated mewith his theory that tribalism protects people fromtheir fear of rapid change. He explained that thepillars of tribalism that humans rely on forsecurity would always counter any significantcultural or social change. In this way, he said,

change is never allowed to happen too fast.Technology, for example, is a pillar of society.Ury believes that every time technology moves ina new or radical direction, another pillar such asreligion or nationalism will grow stronger ineffect, the traditional and familiar will assumegreater importance to compensate for the new anduntested. In this manner, human tribes avoid rapidchange that leaves people insecure and frightened.

But we have all heard that nothing is aspermanent as change. Nothing is guaranteed.Pithy expressions, to be sure, but no more than

cliches. As Ury says, people don’t live that wayfrom day-to-day. On the contrary, they activelyseek certainty and stability. They want to knowthey will be safe.

Even so we scare ourselves constantlywith the idea of change. An IBM CEO once said:‘We only re-structure for a good reason, and if wehaven’t re-structured in a while, that’s a goodreason.’ We are scared that competitors,technology and the consumer will put us Out of business — so we have to change all the time just



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to stay alive. But if we asked our fathers andgrandfathers, would they have said that they livedin a period of little change? Structure may nothave changed much. It may just be the speed withwhich we do things.

Change is over-rated, anyway, consider theautomobile. It’s an especially valuable example,

because the auto industry has spent tens of billionsof dollars on research and product development inthe last 100 years. Henry Ford’s first car had ametal chassis with an internal combustion,gasoline-powered engine, four wheels with rubbertypes, a foot operated clutch assembly and brakesystem, a steering wheel, and four seats, and itcould safely do 1 8 miles per hour. A hundredyears and tens of thousands of research hourslater, we drive cars with a metal chassis with aninternal combustion, gasoline-powered engine,four wheels with rubber tyres a foot operated

clutch assembly and brake system, a steeringwheel, four seats – and the average speed inLondon in 2001 was 17.5 miles per hour!

That’s not a hell of a lot of return for themoney. Ford evidently doesn’t have much to teachus about change. The fact that they’re stillmanufacturing cars is not proof that Ford MotorCo. is a sound organization, just proof that it takesvery large companies to make cars in greatquantities — making for an almost impregnableentry barrier.

Fifty years after the development of the jetengine, planes are also little changed. They’vegrown bigger, wider and can carry more people.But those are incremental, largely cosmeticchanges.

Taken together, this lack of real changehas come to man that in travel — whether drivingor flying — time and technology have notcombined to make things much better. The safetyand design have of course accompanied the timesand the new volume of cars and flights, butnothing of any significance has changed in the

basic assumptions of the final product.At the same time, moving around in cars

or aero-planes becomes less and less efficient allthe time Not only has there been no great change,but also both forms of transport have deterioratedas more people clamour to use them. The same istrue for telephones, which took over hundredyears to become mobile or photographic film,which also required an entire century to change.

The only explanation for this isanthropological. Once established in calcifiedorganizations, humans do two things: sabotagechanges that might render people dispensable, andensure industry-wide emulation. In the 960s,German auto companies developed plans to scrapthe entire combustion engine for an electricaldesign. (The same existed in the 1970s in Japan,and in the 1980s in France.) So for 40 years wemight have been free of the wasteful and ludicrousdependence on fossil fuels. Why didn’t it goanywhere? Because auto executives understoodpistons and carburettors, and would be loath tocannibalize their expertise, along with most of their factories.

98. Which of the following best describes oneof the main ideas discussed in the passage’

a. Rapid change is usually welcomed insociety.

b. Industry is not as innovative as it ismade out to be.

c. We should have less change than whatwe have now.

d. Competition spurs companies intoradical innovation.

99. According to the passage, which of thefollowing statements is true?

a. Executives of automobile companies

are inefficient and ludicrous.b. The speed at which an automobile is

driven in a city has not changed muchin a century.

c. Anthropological factors have fosteredinnovation in automobiles bypromoting use of new technologies.

d. Further innovation in jet engines hasbeen more than incremental.

100. Which of the following views does the

author fully support in the passage?a. Nothing is as permanent as change.

b. Change is always rapid.

c. More money spent on innovation leadsto more rapid change.

d. Over decades, structural change hasbeen incremental.

101. According to the passage, the reason whywe continued to be dependent on fossilfuels is that:



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a. Auto executives did not wish tochange.

b. No alternative fuels were discovered.

c. Change in technology was not easilypossible.

d. German, Japanese and Frenchcompanies could not come up with

new technologies.

PASSAGE II

The painter is now free to paint anything hechooses. There are scarcely any forbiddensubjects, and today everybody is prepared o admitthat a painting of some fruit can be as important aspainting of a hero dying. The Impressionists did asmuch as any body to win this previously unheard-of freedom for the artist. Yet, by the nextgeneration, painters began to abandon tie subjectaltogether, and began to paint abstract pictures.Today the majority of pictures painted areabstract.

Is there a connection between these twodevelopments? Has art gone abstract because theartist is embarrassed by his freedom? Is it that,because he is free to paint anything, he doesn’tknow what to paint? Apologists for abstract artoften talk of it as Inc art of maximum freedom.But could this be the freedom of the desert island?It would take too long to answer these questions

properly. I believe there is a connection. Manythings have encouraged the development of abstract art. Among them has been the artists’wish to avoid the difficulties of finding subjectswhen all subjects are equally possible.

I raise the matter now because I want todraw attention to the fact that the painter’s choiceof a subject is a far more complicated questionthan it would at first seem. A subject does not startwith what is put in front of the easel or withsomething which the painter happens toremember. A subject starts with the painterdeciding he would like to paint such-and-suchbecause for some reason or other he finds itmeaningful. A subject begins when the artistselects something for special mention. (Whatmakes it special or meaningful may seem to theartist to be purely visual — its colours or itsform.) When the subject has been selected, thefunction of the painting itself is to communicateand justify the significance of that selection.

It is often said today that subject matter isunimportant. But this is only a reaction against the

excessively literary and moralistic interpretationof subject matter in the nineteenth century. Intruth the subject is literally the beginning and endof a painting. The painting begins with a selection(I will paint this and not everything else in theworld); it is finished when that selection is

justified (now you can see all that I saw and felt inthis and how it is more than merely itself).

Thus, for a painting to succeed it isessential that the painter and his public agreeabout what is significant. The subject may have apersonal meaning for the painter or individualspectator; but there must also be the possibility of their agreement on its general meaning. It is at thispoint that the culture of the society and period inquestion precedes the artist and his art.Renaissance art would have meant nothing to theAztecs — and vice versa. If, to some extent, a fewintellectuals can appreciate them both today it is

because their culture is an historical one: itsinspiration is history and therefore it can includewithin itself, in principle if not in every particular,all known developments to date.

When culture is secure and certain of itsvalues, it presents its artists with subjects. Thegeneral agreement about what is significant is sowell established that the significance of aparticular subject accrues and becomes traditional.This is true, for instance, of reeds and water inChina, of the nude body in Renaissance, of theanimal in Africa. Furthermore in such cultures theartist is unlikely to be a free agent: he will beemployed for the sake of particular subjects, andthe problem, as we have just described it, will notoccur to him.

When a culture is in a state of disintegration or transitions the freedom of theartist increases — but the question of subjectmatter becomes problematic for him: he, himself,has to choose for society. This was at the basis of all the increasing crises in European art during thenineteenth century. It is too often forgotten how

any of the art scandals of that time were provokedby the choice of subject (Gericault, Courbet,Daumier, Degas, Lautrec, Van Gogh, etc.).

By the end of the nineteenth century therewere, roughly speaking, two ways in which thepainter could meet this challenge of deciding whatto paint and so choosing for society. Either heidentified himself with the people and so allowedtheir lives to dictate his subjects to him or he hadto find his subjects within himself as painter. Bypeople I mean everybody except the, bourgeoisie.



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Many painters did of course work for thebourgeoisie according to their copy-book of approved subjects, but all of them, filling theSalon and the Royal Academy year after year, arenow forgotten, buried under the hypocrisy of those they served so sincerely.

102. In the sentence, “I believe there is aconnection” (second paragraph), what twodevelopments is the author referring to?

a. Painters using a dying hero and using afruit as a subject of painting.

b. Growing success of painters and anincrease in abstract forms.

c. Artists gaining freedom to choosesubjects and abandoning subject’saltogether.

d. Rise of Impressionists and an increasein abstract forms.

103. When a culture is insecure, the painterchooses his subject on the basis of:

a. The prevalent style in the society of histime.

b. Its meaningfulness to the painter.

c. What is put in front of the easel.

d. Past experience and memory of thepainter.

104. Which of the following views is taken bythe author?

a. The more insecure a culture, thegreater the freedom of the artist.

b. The more secure a culture, the greaterthe freedom of the artist.

c. The more secure a culture, moredifficult the choice of subject.

d. The more insecure a culture, the lesssignificant the choice of the subject.

105. Which of the following is NOT necessarily

among the attributes needed for a painterto succeed:

a. The painter and his public agree onwhat is significant.

b. The painting is able to communicateand justify the significance of itssubject selection.

c. The subject has a personal meaning forthe painter.

d. The painting of subjects is inspired byhistorical developments.

106. In the context of the passage, which of thefollowing statements would NOT be true?

a. Painters decided subjects based onwhat they remembered from their ownlives.

b. Painters of reeds and water in Chinafaced no serious problem of choosing asubject.

c. The choice of subject was a source of scandals in nineteenth centuryEuropean art.

d. Agreement on the general meaning of a painting is influenced by culture andhistorical context.

PASSAGE IIIThroughout human history the leading causes of death have been infection and trauma, Modemmedicine has scored significant victories againstboth, and the major causes of ill health and deathare now the chronic degenerative diseases, such ascoronary artery disease, arthritis, osteoporosis,Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, cataract andcancer. These have a long latency period beforesymptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. Itfollows that the majority of apparently healthypeople are pre-ill.

But are these conditions inevitablydegenerative? A truly preventive medicine thatfocused on the pre-ill, analyzing the metabolicerrors which lead to clinical illness, might be ableto correct them before the first symptom. Geneticrisk factors are known for all the chronicdegenerative diseases, and are important to theindividuals who possess them. At the populationlevel, however, migration studies confirm thatthese illnesses are linked for the most part tolifestyle factors — exercise, smoking and

nutrition. Nutrition is the easiest of these tochange, and the most versatile tool for affectingthe metabolic changes needed to tilt the balanceaway from disease.

May national surveys reveal thatmalnutrition is common in developed countries.This is not the calorie and/or micronutrientdeficiency associated with developing nations(type A malnutrition); but multiple micronutrientdepletion, usually combined with calorific balanceor excess (Type B malnutrition). The incidence



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and severity of Type B malnutrition will be shownto be worse if newer micronutrient groups such asthe essential fatty acids, xanthophylls andfalconoid are included in the surveys. Commonlyingested levels of these micronutrients seem to befar too low in many developed countries.

There is now considerable evidence that

Type B malnutrition is a major cause of chronicdegenerative diseases. If this is the case, then t islogical to treat such diseases not with drugs butwith multiple micronutrient repletion, orpharmaco-nutrition’. This can take the form of pills and capsules — ‘nutraceuticals’, or foodformats known as ‘functional foods’, Thisapproach has been neglected hitherto because it isrelatively unprofitable for drug companies — theproducts are hard to patent — and it is a strategywhich does not sit easily with modem medicalinterventionism. Over the last 100 years, the drug

industry has invested huge sums in developing arange of subtle and powerful drugs to treat themany diseases we are subject to. Medical trainingis couched in pharmaceutical terms and thisapproach has provided us with an exceptionalrange of therapeutic tools in the treatment of disease and in acute medical emergencies.However, the pharmaceutical model has alsocreated an unhealthy dependency culture, in whichrelatively few of us accept responsibility formaintaining our own health. Instead, we havehanded over this responsibility to health

professionals who know very little about healthmaintenance, or disease prevention.

One problem for supporters of thisargument is lack of the right kind of hardevidence. We have a wealth of epidemiologicaldata linking dietary factors to health profiles/ disease risks, and a great deal of information onmechanism: how food factors interact with ourbiochemistry. But almost all intervention studieswith micronutrients, with the notable exception of the omega 3 fatty acids, have so far produced

conflicting or negative results. In other words, ourscience appears to have no predictive value. Doesthis invalidate the science? Or are we simplyasking the wrong questions?

Based on pharmaceutical thinking, mostintervention studies have attempted to measure theimpact of a single micronutrient on the incidenceof disease. The classical approach says that if yougive a compound formula to test subjects andobtain positive results, you cannot know whichingredient is exerting the benefit, so you must test

each ingredient individually. But in the field of nutrition, this does not work. Each intervention onits own will hardly make enough difference to bemeasured. The best therapeutic response musttherefore combine micronutrients to normalise ourinternal physiology. So do we need to analyseeach individual’s nutritional status and then tailora formula specifically for him or her? While wedo not have the resources to analyze millions of individual cases, there is no need to do so. Thevast majority of people are consuming suboptimalamounts of most micronutrients, and most of themicronutrients concerned are very safe.Accordingly, a comprehensive and universalprogram of micronutrient support is probably themost cost-effective and safest way of improvingthe general health of the nation.

107. Why are a large number of apparently

healthy people deemed pre-ill?a. They may have chronic degenerative

diseases.

b. They do not know their own geneticrisk factors which predispose them todiseases.

c. They suffer from Type-B malnutrition.

d. There is a lengthy latency periodassociated with chronicallydegenerative diseases

108. Type-B malnutrition is a serious concernin developed countries because

a. developing countries mainly sufferfrom Type-A malnutrition.

b. it is a major contributor to illness anddeath.

c. pharmaceutical companies are notproducing drugs to treat this condition.

d. national surveys on malnutrition do notinclude newer micronutrient groups.

109.

Tailoring micronutrient-based treatmentplans to suit individual deficiency profilesis not necessary because

a. it very likely to give inconsistent ornegative results.

b. it is a classic pharmaceutical approachnot suited to micronutrients.

c. most people are consuming suboptimalamounts of safe-to-consumemicronutrients.

d. it is not cost effective to do so.



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110. The author recommends micronutrient-repletion for large-scale treatment of chronic degenerative diseases because

a. it is relatively easy to manage.

b. micronutrient deficiency is the cause of these diseases.

c. it can overcome genetic risk factors.

d. it can compensate for other lifestylefactors.

PASSAGE IV

Fifty feet away three male lions lay by the road.They didn’t appear to have a hair on their heads.Noting the color of their noses (leonine nosesdarken as they age, from pink to black), Craigestimated that they were six years old — youngadults. “This is wonderful!” he said, after staring

at them for several moments. “This is what wecame to see. They really are maneless.” Craig, aprofessor at the University of Minnesota, isarguably the leading expert on the majesticSerengeti lion, whose head is mantled in long,thick hair. He and Peyton West, a doctoral studentwho has been working with him in Tanzania, hadnever seen the Tsavo lions that live some 200miles east of the Serengeti. The scientists hadpartly suspected that the maneless males wereadolescents mistaken for adults by amateurobservers. Now they knew better.

The Tsavo research expedition was mostlyPeyton’s show. She had spent several years inTanzania, compiling the data she needed toanswer a question that ought to have beenanswered long ago: Why do lions have manes?It’s the only cat, wild or domestic, that displayssuch ornamentation. In Tsavo she was attackingthe riddle from the opposite angle. Why do itslions not have manes? (Some “maneless” lions inTsavo East do have partial manes, but they rarelyattain the regal glory of the Serengeti lions.) Doesenvironmental adaptation account for the trait?Are the lions of Tsavo, as some people believe, adistinct subspecies of their Serengeti cousins?

The Serengeti lions have been undercontinuous observation for more than 35 years,beginning with George Schaller’s pioneering workin the 1960s. But the lions in Tsavo, Kenya’soldest and largest protected ecosystem, havehardly been studied. Consequently, legends havegrown up around them. Not only do they lookdifferent, according to the myths, they behavedifferently, displaying greater cunning and

aggressiveness. “Remember too,” Kenya: TheRough Guide warns, “Tsavo’s lions have areputation of ferocity.” Their fearsome imagebecame well-known in 1898, when two malesstalled construction of what is now KenyaRailways by allegedly killing and eating 135Indian and

African laborers. A British Army officer in chargeof building a railroad bridge over the Tsavo River,Lt. Col. J. H. Patterson, spent nine monthspursuing the pair before he brought them to bayand killed them. Stuffed and mounted, they nowglare at visitors to the Field Museum in Chicago.Patterson’s account of the leonine reign of terror,The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, was an internationalbest seller when published in 1907. Still in print,the book has made Tsavo’s lions notorious. Thatannoys some scientists. “People don’t want togive up on mythology,” Dennis King told me one

day. The zoologist has been working in Tsavo off and on for four years. “I am so sick of this man-eater business. Patterson made a helluva lot of money off that story, but Tsavo’s lions are nomore likely to turn man-eater than lions fromelsewhere.”

But tales of their savagery and wilinessdon’t all come from sensationalist authors lookingto make a buck. Tsavo lions are generally largerthan lions elsewhere, enabling them to take downthe predominant prey animal in Tsavo, the Capebuffalo, one of the strongest, most aggressiveanimals of Earth. The buffalo don’t give up easily:They often kill or severely injure an attackinglion, and a wounded lion might be more likely toturn to cattle and humans for food

And other prey is less abundant in Tsavothan in other traditional lion haunts. A hungry lionis more likely to attack humans. Safari guides andKenya Wildlife Service rangers tell of lionsattacking Land Rovers, raiding camps, stalkingtourists. Tsavo is a tough neighborhood, they say,and it breeds tougher lions.

But are they really tougher? And if so, isthere any connection between their manelessnessand their ferocity? An intriguing hypothesis wasadvanced two years ago by Gnoske and Peterhans:Tsavo lions may be similar to the unmaned cavelions of the Pleistocene. The Serengeti variety isamong the most evolved of the species — thelatest model, so to speak — while certainmorphological differences in Tsavo lions (biggerbodies, smaller skulls, and maybe even lack of amane) suggest that they are closer to the primitive



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ancestor of all lions. Craig and Peyton had seriousdoubts about this idea, but admitted that Tsavolions pose a mystery to science.

111. The book Man-Eaters of Tsavo annoyssome scientists because

a. it revealed that Tsavo lions are

ferocious.b. Patterson made a helluva lot of money

from the book by sensationalism.

c. it perpetuated the bad name Tsavolions had.

d. it narrated how two male Tsavo lionswere killed.

112. The sentence which concludes the firstparagraph, “Now they knew better”,implies that:

a. The two scientists were struck bywonder on seeing maneless lions forthe first time.

b. Though Craig was an expert on theSerengeti lion, now he also knew aboutthe Tsavo lions.

c. Earlier, Craig and West thought thatamateur observers had been mistaken.

d. Craig was now able to confirm thatdarkening of the noses as lions agedapplied to Tsavo lions as well.

113. Which of the following, if true, wouldweaken the hypothesis advanced byGnoske and Peterhans most?

a. Craig and Peyton develop even moreserious doubts about the idea thatTsavo lions are primitive.

b. The maneless Tsavo East lions areshown to be closer to the cave lions.

c. Pleistocene cave lions are shown to befar less violent than believed.

d. The morphological variations in bodyand skull size between the cave andTsavo lions are found to beinsignificant.

114. According to the passage, which of thefollowing has NOT contributed to thepopular image of Tsavo lions as savagecreatures?

a. Tsavo lions have been observed tobring down one of the strongest and

most aggressive animals — the Capebuffalo.

b. In contrast to the situation intraditional lion haunts, scarcity of non-buffalo prey in the Tsavo makes theTsavo lions more aggressive.

c. The Tsavo lion is considered to be less

evolved than the Serengeti variety.d. Tsavo lions have been observed to

attack vehicles as well as humans.

PASSAGE V

The viability of the multinational corporatesystem depends upon the degree to which peoplewill tolerate the unevenness it creates. It is well toremember that the ‘New Imperialism’ which

began after 1870 in a spirit of CapitalismTriumphant, soon became seriously troubled andafter 1914 was characterized by war, depression,breakdown of the international economic systemand war again, rather than Free Trade, PaxBritannica and Material Improvement. A majorreason was Britain’s inability to cope with the by-products of its own rapid accumulation of capital;i.e., a class-conscious labour force at home; amiddle class in the hinterland; and rival centres of capital on the Continent and in America. Britain’spolicy tended to be atavistic and defensive rather

than progressive — more concerned with wardingoff new threats than creating new areas of expansion. Ironically, Edwardian England revivedthe paraphernalia of the landed aristocracy it had

just destroyed. Instead of embarking on a ‘bigpush’ to develop the vast hinterland of the Empire,colonial administrators often adopted policies toarrest the development of either a native capitalistclass or a native proletariat which could overthrowthem.

As time went on, the centre had to devotean increasing share of government activity tomilitary and other unproductive expenditures; theyhad to rely on alliances with an inefficient class of landlords, officials and soldiers in the hinterlandto maintain stability at the cost of development. Agreat part of the surplus extracted from thepopulation was thus wasted locally.

The New Mercantilism (as theMultinational Corporate System of specialalliances and privileges, aid and tariff concessionsis sometimes called) faces similar problems of internal and external division. The centre is



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troubled: excluded groups revolt and even some of the affluent are dissatisfied with the roles.Nationalistic rivalry between major capitalistcountries remains an important divisive factor.Finally, there is the threat presented by the middleclasses and the excluded groups of theunderdeveloped countries. The national middleclasses in the underdeveloped countries came topower when the centre weakened but could not,through their policy of import substitutionmanufacturing, establish a viable basis forsustained growth. They now face a foreignexchange crisis and an unemployment (orpopulation) crisis—the first indicating theirinability to function in the international economyand the second indicating their alienation from thepeople they are supposed to lead. In the immediatefuture, these national middle classes will gain anew lease of life as they take advantage of the

spaces created by the rivalry between Americanand non-American oligopolists striving toestablish global market positions.

The native capitalists will again becomethe champions of national independence as theybargain with multinational corporations. But theconflict at this level is more apparent than real, forin the end the fervent nationalism of the middleclass asks only for promotion within the corporatestructure and not for a break with that structure. Inthe last analysis their power derives from themetropolis and they cannot easily afford to

challenge the international system. They do notcommand the loyalty of their own population andcannot really compete with the large, powerful,aggregate capitals from the centre. They areprisoners of the taste patterns and consumptionstandards’ set at the centre.

The main threat comes from the excludedgroups. It is not unusual in underdevelopedcountries for the top 5 per cent to obtain between30 and 40 per cent of the total national income,and for the top one-third to obtain anywhere from

60 to 70 per cent. At most, one-third of thepopulation can be said to benefit in some sensefrom the dualistic growth that characterizesdevelopment in the hinterland. The remainingtwo-thirds, who together get only one-third of theincome, are outsiders, not because they do notcontribute to the economy, but because they donot share in the benefits. They provide a source of cheap labour which helps keep exports to thedeveloped world at a low price and which hasfinanced the urban-biased growth of recent years.In fact, it is difficult to see how the system in most

underdeveloped countries could survive withoutcheap labour since removing it (e.g. diverting it topublic works projects as is done in socialistcountries) would raise consumption costs tocapitalists and professional elites.

115. According to the author, the British policy

during the ‘New Imperialism’ periodtended to be defensive because

a. it was unable to deal with the falloutsof a sharp increase in capital.

b. its cumulative capital had undesirableside-effects.

c. its policies favoured developing thevast hinterland.

d. it prevented the growth of a set-upwhich could have been capitalistic innature.

116. The author is in a position to drawparallels between New Imperialism andNew Mercantilism because

a. both originated in the developedWestern capitalist countries.

b. New Mercantilism was a logical sequelto New Imperialism.

c. they create the same set of outputs — alabour force, middle classes and rivalcentres of capital.

d. both have comparable uneven anddivisive effects.

117. Under New Mercantilism, the ferventnationalism of the native middle classesdoes not create conflict with themultinational corporations because they(the middle classes)

a. negotiate with the multinationalcorporations.

b. are dependent on the internationalsystem for their continued prosperity.

c. are not in a position to challenge thestatus quo.

d. do not enjoy popular support.

118. In the sentence, “They are prisoners of thetaste patterns and consumption standardsset at the centre.” (fourth paragraph), whatis the meaning of ‘centre’?

a. National government

b. Native capitalists



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c. New capitalists


Sub–Section III-B: Number of Question = 5


Directions for Questions 119 and 120: Thesentences given in each question, when properlysequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Eachsentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the mostlogical order of sentences from among the givenchoices to construct a coherent paragraph.

119. A. Experts such as Larry Burns, head of

research at GM, reckon that only sucha full hearted leap will allow the world

to cope with the mass motorization thatwill one day come to China or India.

B. But once hydrogen is being producedfrom biomass or extracted fromunderground coal or made from water,using nuclear or renewable electricity,the way will be open for a hugereduction in carbon emissions from thewhole system.

C. In theory, once all the bugs have beensorted out, fuel cells should deliver

better total fuel economy than anyexisting engines.

D. That is twice as good as the internalcombustion engine, but only fivepercentage points better than a dieselhybrid.

E. Allowing for the resources needed toextract hydrogen from hydrocarbon,oil, coal or gas, the fuel cell has anefficiency of 30%.

a. CEDBA

b. CEBDA

c. AEDBC

d. ACEBD

120. A. But this does not mean that death was

the Egyptians’ only preoccupation.

B. Even papyri come mainly frompyramid temples.

C. Most of our traditional sources of information about the Old Kingdomare monuments of the rich likepyramids and tombs.

D. Houses in which ordinary Egyptianslived have not been preserved, andwhen most people died they were

buried in simple graves.E. We know infinitely more about the

wealthy people of Egypt than we doabout the ordinary people, as mostmonuments were made for the rich,

a. CDBEA

b. ECDAB

c. EDCBA

d. DECAB

Directions for Questions 121 to 123: Fouralternative summaries are given below each text.Choose the option that best captures the essenceof the text.

121. Modem bourgeois society, said Nietzsche,was decadent and enfeebled — a victim of the excessive development of the rationalfaculties at the expense of will andinstinct. Against the liberal-rationaliststress on the intellect, Nietzsche urged

recognition of the dark mysterious worldof instinctual desires — the true forces of life. Smother the will with excessiveintellectualizing and you destroy thespontaneity that sparks cultural creativityand ignites a zest for living. The criticaland theoretical outlook destroyed thecreative instincts. For man’s manifoldpotential to be realized, he must foregorelying on the intellect and nurture againthe instinctual roots of human existence.

a. Nietzsche urges the decadent and

enfeebled modem society to foregointellect and give importance tocreative instincts.

b. Nietzsche urges the decadent andenfeebled modem society to smotherthe will with excessiveintellectualizing and ignite a zest forliving.

c. Nietzsche criticizes the intellectuals forenfeebling the modem bourgeois



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society by not nurturing man’s creativeinstincts. .

d. Nietzsche blames excessiveintellectualization for the decline of modern society and suggests nurturingcreative instincts instead.

122. Local communities have often come in

conflict with agents trying to exploitresources, at a faster pace, for anexpanding commercial-industrialeconomy. More often than not, such agentsof resource-intensification are givenpreferential treatment by the state, throughthe grant of generous long leases overmineral or fish stocks, for example, or theprovision of raw material at an enormouslysubsidized price. With the injustice socompounded, local communities at thereceiving end of this process have no

resource expert direct action, resisting boththe state and outside exploiters through avariety of protest techniques. Thesestruggles might perhaps be seen as amanifestation of a new kind of classconflict.

a. A new kind of class conflict arisesfrom preferential treatment given toagents of resource- intensification bythe state which the local communitysees as unfair.

b. The grant of long leases to agents of resource-intensification for anexpanding commercial-industrialeconomy leads to direct protests fromthe local community, which sees it asunfair.

c. Preferential treatment given by thestate to agents of resource-intensification for an expandingcommercial- industrial economyexacerbates injustice to local

communities and leads to directprotests from them, resulting in a newtype of class conflict.

d. Local communities have no option butto protest against agents of resource-intensification and create a new type of class conflict when they are given rawmaterial at subsidized prices for anexpanding commercial-industrialeconomy.

123. Although almost all climate scientistsagree that the Earth is gradually warming,they have long been of two minds aboutthe process of rapid climate shifts withinlarger periods of change. Some havespeculated that the process works like agiant oven freezer, warming or cooling thewhole planet at the same time. Othersthink that shifts occur on opposingschedules in the Northern and SouthernHemispheres, like exaggerated seasons.Recent research in Germany examiningclimate patterns in the SouthernHemisphere at the end of the last Ice Agestrengthens the idea that warming andcooling occurs at alternate times in the twohemispheres. A more definitive answer tothis debate will allow scientists to betterpredict when and how quickly the next

climate shift will happen.a. Scientists have been unsure whether

rapid shifts in the Earth’s climatehappen all at once or on opposingschedules in different hemispheres;research will help find a definitiveanswer and better predict climate shiftsin future.

b. Scientists have been unsure whetherrapid shifts in the Earth’s climatehappen all at once or on opposing

schedules in different hemispheres;finding a definitive answer will helpthem better predict climate shifts infuture.

c. Research in Germany will helpscientists find a definitive answerabout warming and cooling of theEarth and predict climate shifts in thefuture in a better manner.

d. More research rather than debates onwarming or cooling of the Earth and

exaggerated seasons in its hemisphereswill help scientists in Germany predictclimate changes better in future.

i494320cat previous paper 2004

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