i-triz overview and fundamentals - ideation … 2010 ideation international inc. ideation operating...
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Introduction
2010 Ideation International Inc.
SVETLANA VISNEPOLSCHI Director of Anticipatory Failure Determination
Ideation International Inc.
Education
MS in Electrical Engineering
MS in Patent Law (USSR)
TRIZ courses by H. Altshuller
Background and Experience
R&D Engineer
Patent expert
TRIZ expert and developer since 1983
Contribution to TRIZ
TRIZ resources: classification, structure, and methods of application to Inventive Problem
Solving
Directed Evolution: first practical application to electrical pumps
Anticipatory Failure Determination: method and software development
Author and co-author of books and publications
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Ideation Operating System for Innovation
Based on Ideation TRIZ (I-TRIZ) methodology
Inventive Problem Solving (IPS)
A systematic procedure for
resolving tough technological
problems, enhancing system
parameters, improving quality, reducing cost, etc.
for current generations of products and technologies.
Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)
Failure Analysis
A systematic procedure for
identifying the root causes of a failure or other undesired phenomenon in a system, and for
making corrections in a timely manner.
Failure Prediction
A systematic procedure for
identifying beforehand, and
then preventing, all dangerous or
harmful events that might be associated
with a system.
Directed Evolution®
(DE)
A systematic procedure for strategically
evolving future generations of technological
systems.
Control of Intellectual Property
A systematic procedure for
increasing IP value and providing
protection from infringement and circumvention.
2010 Ideation International Inc.
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Anticipatory Failure Determination
What failures may occur?
Why failures did occur?
System ?
? Failures
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Anticipatory Failure Determination
Failure Prediction
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Is the situation any better with regard to failure
prediction? Traditional methods:
Risk Assessment
FMEA (Failure Modes
and Effects Analysis)
HAZOP (Hazard and
Operability Analysis)
PHA (Preliminary
Hazards Analysis)
Vulnerability Analysis
Fault Trees
Event Trees
Etc.
Hypotheses
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
It is very difficult to predict future failures with traditional methods, because…
?
?
…Lack of information about
future problems
? What can go wrong???
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Denial Phenomenon:
Traditional approaches to failure prediction always face
information deficiency
…our product is very safe…
…it never happened before…
…everything will be just fine…
???
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Absence of strong techniques
for predicting tricky, multi-stage failure scenarios
Traditional failure prediction methods cannot predict all truly
hazardous failures
FMEA/HAZOP templates offers one type of question only:
What would happen if parameter X increased/decreased at a certain degree?
Inexhaustible
field of possible
resources
combinations
System
2010 Ideation International Inc.
THREE MAJOR STEPS:
1. Invert the Problem: replace “what” and “why” with “how to”
2. Invent Failure Hypotheses
using problem solving tools
3. Test It :
does the system have resources to make
possible failures real?
Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)
includes:
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Step 1: Invert the Problem
What can happen???
?
How to make things happen!
!!!
2010 Ideation International Inc.
How can we invent Failures ?
Step 2: Invent Failure Hypotheses
1. Pro-active thinking!
2. Use I-TRIZ tools:
• FP Directions
• FP Checklists
• FP Operators
Hypothesis
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
What will happen???
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Step 3: Utilize Resources
For a failure hypothesis to occur, all the necessary components of the failure mechanism
must be present within the system or its environment as available resources.
Com
pon
en
t A
Com
pon
en
t B
Com
pon
en
t C
Available Resources:
• Vacant Space
• Free Time
• Required Function
• Similar Substance
• Source of Energy
• Required Information
Likely
Failure Hypothesis
Resource A
Resource C
Resource B
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Instead of guessing, AFD recommends a simple three-step procedure:
. . . that saves you time and money
Advantages of AFD
THREE
TW
O
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Chemical Plant
Possible Explosion
Failure Prediction
2010 Ideation International Inc.
S1
Scrubber
Small Gas Release
Vent line
Gas
release
Problem/system as stated by customer
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
S1
Scrubber
Gas
release
Problem as reformulated by AFD specialist – find a worst case scenario
2010 Ideation International Inc.
S1
Scrubber
Gas
release
Worst-case scenario: Explosion of the gasholder containing over 100 tons of pressurized liquid gas.
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
S1 S2
Reactor
Real system
Resource for explosion: • Chemical reaction
• Pressure
S1 S2 + =
Inverted problem:
Find a way to bring two gases in contact initiating an explosion capable to destroy one or both gasholders
Extremely flammable
2010 Ideation International Inc.
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Direct approach (FMEA, HAZOP. etc.)
What harm can happen?
Inverted approach (Ideation Failure Prediction)
What harm can we make?
Parameters (as resources)
Harm we want
to make
Methods of harm realization based on
available resources
System
Explosion
Fire
Environment pollution
Limited field of possible
resources for harm
System
Variants browsing,
looking for possible harm
Inexhaustible field of possible
resources' combinations
Operations or sub-systems
Comparison of Different Methods
for Failure Prediction
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Idea! …use
burning paper
How we invent failures – FP Operators
2010 Ideation International Inc.
How we invent failures – FP Operators
Idea! …the smoke
travels inside by itself
How we invent failures – FP Operators
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
How we invent failures – FP Operators
Idea! …use the
ventilation system
How we invent failures – FP Operators
2010 Ideation International Inc.
We will not miss any valuable hypothesis –
SEOR Principle
Any impact observed in surrounding objects can be regarded as follows:
– Source provides an
– Effect, that is delivered to the
– Object, where a specific
– Result is created - condition or state of the Object.
EFFECT RESULT
SOURCE
OBJECT
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
S
E
O
R
The System of 245 FP Operators
2010 Ideation International Inc.
S
E
Selected Group of Operators
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
O P E R A T O R S
S E O R
Idea… Idea…
Idea… Idea…
Idea… Idea…
Idea…
Idea…
Idea…
Idea…
Idea…
The system of AFD FP Checklists and Operator
One can not miss any valuable Failure Hypothesis
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Anticipatory Failure Determination
Failure Analysis
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Ideation Operating System for Innovation
Based on Ideation TRIZ (I-TRIZ) methodology
Inventive Problem Solving (IPS)
A systematic procedure for
resolving tough technological
problems, enhancing system
parameters, improving quality, reducing cost, etc.
for current generations of products and technologies.
Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)
Failure Analysis
A systematic procedure for
identifying the root causes of a failure or other undesired phenomenon in a system, and for
making corrections in a timely manner.
Failure Prediction
A systematic procedure for
identifying beforehand, and
then preventing, all dangerous or
harmful events that might be associated
with a system.
Directed Evolution®
(DE)
A systematic procedure for strategically
evolving future generations of technological
systems.
Control of Intellectual Property
A systematic procedure for
increasing IP value and providing
protection from infringement and circumvention.
2010 Ideation International Inc.
THREE MAJOR STEPS:
1 - Invert the Problem
2 - Provide Failure Hypotheses
3 - Utilize Resources
Anticipatory Failure Determination
utilizes a unique and effective method
that includes
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Step 1 - Invert the Problem
When the problem is inverted… … we take a pro-active approach
Let’s invent… failures!
? ?
How did it happen???
How can we make it happen!
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Step 2 - Provide Failure Hypotheses
? ? How did it happen???
Area of poor information
How to make it happen:
Method of
production Method...
Method ...
Method...
Method ...
Method...
Method...
Area of rich information
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
By inverting the problem, we turn the failure into a “neutral”
physical effect
Penicillin Mold
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Invent the way to produce it
Identify all scientifically known natural ways of
providing it
Obtain information about methods of
producing the same phenomenon for
useful purposes
Using the advantages of the inversion, we can try three major approaches to “produce” the phenomenon in question:
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
How did it happen???
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Step 3: Utilize Resources
For a failure or drawback to occur, all the necessary components of the failure mechanism must be present within the system or its environment as available resources.
Com
pon
en
t A
Com
pon
en
t B
Com
pon
en
t C
Resources:
•Surrounding fields (energy
resources)
•Realized or potential functions
•Existing relevant information
•Available substances
•Vacant space
•Time gaps (time resources)
Possible
root causes of the failure
Resource A
Resource C
Resource B
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Failure Analysis: ‘Black dots’ on the helicopter blade
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A problem of 20 + years…$ 1 to 5 millions per year
Solution - in 1 hour
Implemented in 1 day
Root-cause – in the costumer jewelry:
Black patterns on aluminum surface
Silica
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Contributors to the AFD Development
Alla Zusman
Boris Zlotin
Vladimir Proseanic
Svetlana Visnepolschi
Genrich Altshuller
Voluslav Mitrofanov
2010 Ideation International Inc.
1960 G. Altshuller “How Discoveries are Made – Classification of Discoveries
and Methods of their Achievement.”
1978 B. Zlotin invents Subversion Analysis.
1979 Development of the first version of Subversion Analysis for failure
analysis and failure prediction (B. Zlotin).
1985 Methods of Solving Scientific Problems based on the subversion
analysis approach (B. Zlotin, A. Zusman).
1991 Solving Scientific Problems (B. Zlotin, A. Zusman)
First non-technical application of the subversion analysis approach for
increasing the safety of the Moscow Commodity Exchange (B. Zlotin, V.
Proseanic, A. Zusman, S. Visnepolschi)
1993 The name Subversion Analysis is changed to Anticipatory Failure
Determination (AFD).
1995 First AFD software (S. Visnepolschi).
1998 IFA and IFP software
1999 New Tools for Failure and Risk Analysis. (Kaplan, S., Visnepolschi, S.,
Zlotin, B., Zusman, A.)
2009 How to Deal with Failures (The Smart Way) (S. Visnepolschi)
The origins of AFD
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
AFD is compatible with HAZOP, Failure Mode Analysis, and Risk Assessment.
In many cases the wise approach – gradual implementation
Stage 1:
Selected checklists
How to incorporate AFD
into existing techniques
2010 Ideation International Inc.
• Guided brainstorming, boost of creativity
• Strong support of creativity throughout brainstorming session
• Foresight into future systemic failures that are out of consideration with
conventional methods
• Can be done with limited AFD training or even without when facilitated by a
professional
Advantages of incorporating AFD
Stage 1:
To keep in mind:
• extended but incomplete variety of potential failures can be generated
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
How to incorporate AFD
into existing techniques
Stage 2 – basic approach:
? ? How did it happen???
How can we make it happen!
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Advantages of incorporating AFD
Stage 2:
• Guided brainstorming, boost of creativity
• Strong support of creativity throughout brainstorming session
• Foresight into future systemic failures that are out of consideration with
conventional methods
• Overcoming Denial
• Access to application of TRIZ tools
• Only basic AFD training is necessary
To keep in mind:
• no excessive set of potential threats can be obtained
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Stage 3 – Building cause-effect diagrams, applying Directions and Operators
How to incorporate AFD
into existing techniques
2010 Ideation International Inc.
Advantages of incorporating AFD
Stage 2:
• Overcoming Denial
• Guided brainstorming, boost of creativity
• Strong support of creativity with throughout brainstorming session
• Foresight into future systemic failures that are out of consideration with
conventional methods
• Access to application of TRIZ tools
• Effective analysis of the system by using cause-effect diagramming
• Automatically provided representative variety of options to consider
• AFD training is recommended
To keep in mind:
• substantial variety of potential failures can be generated
• still, no excessive set of potential threats is guaranteed
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2010 Ideation International Inc.
Stage 4 – Incorporating the entire process
How to incorporate AFD
into existing techniques
Advantages:
Excessive set of potential threats can be found and prevented in reasonable
time-frame
2010 Ideation International Inc.
AFD publications
Electronic books are available at:
- Amazon,
- Apple
- Barnes Noble stores