i semester decs - gmritgmrit.org/resources/pgsyllabus_ece.pdf · 1.embedded system design-a unified...

w.e.f 2009-2010

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

KAKINADA 533 003

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M. Tech- I Semester

Specialization: DECS

COURSE STRUCTURE

Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTAL

Core

1. Digital System Design 4 - 8 40 60 100

2. VLSI Technology & Design 4 - 8 40 60 100

3. Digital Data Communications 4 - 8 40 60 100

4. Detection & Estimation of Signals 4 - 8 40 60 100

Elective I

1. Advanced Digital Signal Processing 4 - 8 40 60 100

2. Transform Techniques

Elective II

1. Embedded & Real Time Systems 4 - 8 40 60 100

2. Coding Theory & Practice

Laboratory

1. HDL Programming Laboratory - 4 4 40 60 100

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M. Tech- I Semester

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT – I DESIGN OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS: ASM charts, Hardware description language and control sequence

method, Reduction of state tables, state assignments.

UNIT – II SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN: design of Iterative circuits, design of sequential circuits using ROMs

and PLAs, sequential circuit design using CPLD, FPGAs.

UNIT – III FAULT MODELING: Fault classes and models – Stuck at faults, bridging faults, transition and

intermittent faults. TEST GENERATION: Fault diagnosis of Combinational circuits by conventional

methods – Path

Sensitization technique, Boolean difference method, Kohavi algorithm.

UNIT – IV TEST PATTERN GENERATION: D – algorithm, PODEM, Random testing, transition count testing,

Signature analysis and testing for bridging faults.

UNIT – V FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS: State identification and fault detection experiment.

Machine identification, Design of fault detection experiment.

UNIT – VI PROGRAMMING LOGIC ARRAYS: Design using PLA’s, PLA minimization and PLA folding.

UNIT – VII PLA TESTING: Fault models, Test generation and Testable PLA design.

UNIT – VIII

ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL MACHINE: fundamental mode model, flow table, state reduction,

minimal closed covers, races, cycles and hazards.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Z. Kohavi – “Switching & finite Automata Theory” (TMH)

2. N. N. Biswas – “Logic Design Theory” (PHI)

3. Nolman Balabanian, Bradley Calson – “Digital Logic Design Principles” – Wily Student Edition

2004.

REFRENCE BOOKS:

1. M. Abramovici, M. A. Breues, A. D. Friedman – “Digital System Testing and Testable Design”, Jaico

Publications

2. Charles H. Roth Jr. – “Fundamentals of Logic Design”.

3. Frederick. J. Hill & Peterson – “Computer Aided Logic Design” – Wiley 4th Edition.

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M. Tech- I Semester

VLSI TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN

UNIT – I REVIEW OF MICROELECTRONICS AND INTRODUCTION TO MOS TECHNOLOGIES: (MOS,

CMOS, Bi CMOS) Technology trends and projections.

UNIT – II BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MOS, CMOS & BICOMS CIRCUITS: Ids-Vds relationships,

Threshold voltage Vt, Gm, Gds and Wo, Pass Transistor, MOS,CMOS & Bi CMOS Inverters, Zpu/Zpd,

MOS Transistor circuit model,Latch-up in CMOS circuits.

UNIT – III LAYOUT DESIGN AND TOOLS: Transistor structures, Wires and Vias , Scalable Design rules ,Layout

Design tools.

UNIT – IV LOGIC GATES & LAYOUTS: Static complementary gates, switch logic, Alternative gate circuits, low

power gates, Resistive and Inductive interconnect delays.

UNIT – V

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC NETWORKS: Layouts, Simulation, Network delay, interconnect design,

power optimization, Switch logic networks, Gate and Network testing.

UNIT – VI SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS: Memory cells and Arrays, clocking disciplines, Design ,power optimization,

Design validation and testing.

UNIT – VII

FLOOR PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE DESIGN: Floor planning methods, off-chip connections,

High-level synthesis, Architecture for low power, SOCs and Embedded CPUs, Architecture testing.

UNIT – VIII

INTRODUCTION TO CAD SYSTEMS (ALGORITHMS) AND CHIP DESIGN: Layout Synthesis and

Analysis, Scheduling and printing; Hardware/Software Co-design, chip design methodologies- A

simpleDesign example-

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems, K. Eshraghian et . al( 3 authors) PHI of India Ltd.,2005

2. Modern VLSI Design, 3rd Edition, Wayne Wolf ,Pearson Education, fifth Indian Reprint, 2005.

REFERENCES:

1. Principals of CMOS Design – N.H.E Weste, K.Eshraghian, Adison Wesley, 2nd

Edition.

2. Introduction to VLSI Design – Fabricius, MGH International Edition, 1990.

3. CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation – Baker, Li Boyce, PHI, 2004. 3

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M. Tech- I Semester

DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT I DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES:

FSK , MSK , BPSK , QPSK , 8-PSK , 16-PSK , 8- QAM , 16- QAM , Band width efficiency carrier

recovery DPSK , clock recovery , Probability of error and bit error rate.

UNIT II

Data Communications ; Serial , Parallel configuration , Topology , Transmission modes , codes , Error

Control Synchronization, LCU.

UNIT III

Serial and Parallel Interfaces , Telephone Networks and Circuits , Data modems.

UNIT IV

Data Communication Protocols , Character and block Mode ,Asynchronous and Synchronous Protocols,

public Data Networks , ISDN.

UNIT V

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS: token ring, Ethernet, Traditional, Fast and GIGA bit Ethernet, FDDI

UNIT VI

DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING : TDM , T1 carrier , CCITT , CODECS, COMBO CHIPS , North American

Hierarchy , Line Encoding , T-carrier , Frame Synchronization Inter Leaving Statistical TDM FDM ,

Hierarchy ,Wave Division Multiplexing .

UNIT VII

WIRELESS LANS

IEEE 802.11 Architecture Layers, Addressing, Blue Tooth Architecture Layers, l2 Cap, Other Upper

Layers .

UNIT VIII

MULTI MEDIA

Digitalizing Video and Audio Compression Streaming Stored and Live Video and Audio , Real Time

Interactive Video and Audio , VOIP

TEXT BOOKS

1. Electronic communication systems, fundamentals through advanced - W. TOMASI, Pearson 4th

Edition.

2. Data communication and networking - B.A. Forouzen

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M. Tech- I Semester

DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF SIGNALS

UNIT I

Introduction to Discrete-time signals:- Fourier Transform of a discrete time signal. Amplitude and phase

spectrum. Frequency content and sampling rates. Transfer function. Frequency response.

UNIT II

Random – Discrete-time signals:- Review of probability – Random data – Generation of Pseudo-random

noise – Filtered signals – Autocorrelation and power spectral density – Sampling band – Limited random

signals.

UNIT III

Detection of signals in noise:- Minimum probability of Error Criterion – Neyman – Person criterion for

Radar detection of constant and variable – amplitude signals – Matched filters. Optimum formulation –

Detection of Random signals – Simple problems thereon with multisample cases.

UNIT IV

Estimation of signals in noise:- Linear mean squared estimation – Non linear estimates – MLP and ML

estimates – Maximum likelihood estimate of parameters of linear system. Simple problems thereon.

UNIT V

Recursive linear mean squared estimation:- Estimation of a signal parameter. Estimation of time-varying

signals – Kalman filtering – Filtering signals in noise – Treatment restricted to two variable case only –

Simple problems.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Signal processing: Discrete Spectral analysis, Detection and Estimation, Mischa Schwartz and Leonard

Shaw, Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, 1975.

REFERENCES

1. E.L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Wiley,

New York, 1968.

2. Shanmugam and Breipohl, ‘Detection of signals in noise and estimation’, John Wiley & Sons, New

York, 1985.

3. Srinath, Rajasekaran & Viswanathan, Introduction to statistical Signal processing with Applications,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 110 001,1989.

w.e.f 2009-2010 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA


M. Tech- I Semester

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING(Elective-I)

UNIT I DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Properties of DFT, Linear Filtering methods based on the DFT, Overlap-save,

Overlap -Add methods, frequency analysis of signals.

UNIT II

FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS : Radix-2 FFT and Split- Radix FFT algorithms The Goertzel and Chirp Z transform

algorithms

UNIT III

DESIGN OF IIR FILTERS: Design of IIR filters using Butterworth & Chebyshev approximations, frequency transformation

techniques, structures for IIR systems –cascade, parallel, lattice & lattice-ladder structures.

UNIT IV

DESIGN OF FIR FILTERS: Fourier series method, Windowing techniques, design of digital filters based on least – squares

method, pade approximations, least squares design, wiener filter methods, structures for FIR systems –cascade, parallel, lattice

& lattice-ladder structures.

UNIT V MULTI RATE SIGNAL PROCESSING : Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I ,Sampling rate conversion by a

rational factor I/D, Filter design & Implementation for sampling rate conversion.

UNIT VI

POWER SPECTRAL ESTIMATION: Estimation of spectra from finite duration observation of signals, Non-parametric

methods :Bartlett ,Welch & Blackmann & Tukey methods.

UNIT VII

PARAMETRIC METHODS FOR POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION: Relation between auto correlation & model

parameters, Yule-Waker & Burg Methods, MA & ARMA models for power spectrum estimation.

UNIT VIII

Analysis of finite wordlength effects in fixed-point DSP systems – Fixed ,Floating Point Arhimetic – ADC quantization noise &

signal quality – Finite wordlength effect in IIR digital Filters – Finite word-length effects in FFT algorithms.

TEXTBOOKS 1. Digital Signal Processing –Principles, Algorithms Applications by J.G.Proakis & D.G.Manolokis, PHI.

2. Discrete Time signal processing - Alan V Oppenheim & Ronald W Schaffer, PHI.

3. DSP – A Pratical Approach – Emmanuel C.Ifeacher Barrie. W. Jervis, Pearson Education.

REFERENCES

1. Modern spectral Estimation techniques by S. M .Kay, PHI, 1997

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M. Tech- I Semester

EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS ( Elective –II )

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems over view, design challenges, processor technology, Design technology, Trade-offs.

Single purpose processors RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic(RT-level), custom purpose

processor design(RT -level), optimizing custom single purpose processors.

UNIT II: GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS

Basic architecture, operations, programmer’s view, development environment, Application specific

Instruction –Set processors (ASIPs)-Micro controllers and Digital signal processsors.

UNIT III: STATE MACHINE AND CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS

Introduction, models Vs Languages, finite state machines with data path model(FSMD),using state

machines, program state machine model(PSM, concurrent process model, concurrent processes,

communication among processes, synchronization among processes, Implementation, data flow model,

real-time systems.

UNIT IV: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES

Need for communication interfaces, RS232/UART, RS422/RS485,USB, Infrared, IEEE1394 Firewire,

Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Blue tooth.

UNIT V: EMBEDDED/RTOS CONCEPTS-I

Architecture of the Kernel, Tasks and task scheduler, interrupt service routines, Semaphores, Mutex.

UNIT VI: EMBEDDED/RTOS CONCEPTS-II

Mailboxes, Message Queues, Event Registers, Pipes-Signals.

UNIT VII: EMBEDDED/RTOS OCNCEPTS-III

Timers-Memory Management-Priority inversion problem-embedded operating systems-Embedded Linux-

Real-time operating systems-RT Linux-Handheld operating systems-Windows CE.

UNIT VIII: DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

Introduction, Automation, Synthesis, parallel evolution of compilation and synthesis, Logic synthesis, RT

synthesis, Behavioral Synthesis, Systems Synthesis and Hard ware/Software Co-Design, Verification,

Hardware/Software co-simulation, Reuse of intellectual property codes.

TEXT BOOKS

1.Embedded System Design-A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction- Frank Vahid, Tony D.Givargis,

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2002.

2. Embedded/Real Time Systems- KVKK prased, Dreamtech press-2005.

3. Introduction to Embedded Systems - Raj Kamal, TMS-2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems-Jonathan W.Valvano, Books/Cole,Thomson Leaarning.

2. An Embedded Software Primer- David E.Simon, pearson Ed.2005

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M. Tech- I Semester

CODING THEORY & PRACTICE(Elective-II)

UNIT-I

Information Theory : Entropy, Information rate,source coding : Shannon-Fano and Huffman coding

techniques,Mutal Information, Channel capacity of Discrete Channel, Shannon- Hartly law, Trade-off

between bandwidth and SNR.

UNIT II

Introduction and Overview Error Control Codes: Examples of the use of error control codes,basic

notions,coding gain. Characterization of Error control codes performance of error control codes,

comparision of uncoded and coded systems.

UNIT III

Convolution Codes: Convolution encoders , structural properties of convolution codes,Trelis

Diagrams,Viterbi Algorithm, Perforrmance Analysis.

UNIT IV

Linear Block Codes: Linear block Codes and their properties, standard arrays, Syndromes,Weight

Distribution. Error Detection/Correction Properties, Modified Linear block codes.

UNIT V

Finite Fields: groups, Rings, Fields Properties of finite Fields, Extension Fields, Polynomials over Finite

Fields, Minimal Polynomials, Conjugates.

UNIT VI

Cyclic Codes : General theory, Shift Register Implementtions, Shortened Cyclic codes, CRCs for Error

Detection.

UNIT VII

BCH and RS Codes : Algebric Description, Frequency Domain Description, Decoding Algorithms for

BCH and RS Codes.

UNIT VIII

Applications: Concatenated Codes, Interleaves, The Compact Disc, Codes for Magnetic recording.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Stephen B.Wicker Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and storage,

Prenticc Hall. 1995ISBN 0-13-200809-2

2. Kennedy, Electronic Communication systems, Mc Graw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. John Proakis, Digital Communications, TMH

2. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems.

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M. Tech- I Semester

HDL PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

1. Digital Circuits Design (Sub-System Level) Description using Verilog and VHDL.

2. Verification of the Functionality of Designed Circuits using functional Simulator.

3. Timing simulation for critical path time calculation.

4. Synthesis Reports of top-order designed Digital circuits.

5. Place and Route techniques for major FPGA vendors such as Xilinx, Altera and Actel etc.

6. Implementation of Designed Digital Circuits using FPGA and CPLD devices.

w.e.f. 2009-10


KAKINADA 533 003


M. Tech- II Semester

Specialization: DECS

COURSE STRUCTURE

Code Name of the Subject L P C INT EXT TOTAL

Core

1.Wireless Communication & Networks 4 - 8 40 60 100

2.Analog & Digital IC Design 4 - 8 40 60 100

3.DSP Processors & Architecture 4 - 8 40 60 100

4.Optical Communication 4 - 8 40 60 100

Elective III

1. Radar Signal Processing 4 - 8 40 60 100

2. System Modeling & Simulation

Elective IV

1. Internet Protocols 4 - 8 40 60 100

2. Network Security and Cryptography

Laboratory

Advanced Signal Processing Laboratory - 4 4 40 60 100

WIRELESS COMMUNCIATIONS AND NETWORKS

UNIT I

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction to wireless

communications systems, examples, comparisons & trends. Cellular concepts-frequency reuse,

strategies, interference & system capacity, trucking & grade of service, improving coverage

&capacity in cellular systems.

UNIT II

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: FDMA, TDMA,

SSMA (FHMA/CDMA/Hybrid techniques),SDMA technique(AS applicable to wireless

communications).Packet radio access-protocols, CSMA protocols ,reservation protocols ,capture

effect in packet radio , capacity of cellular systems .

UNIT III

WIRELESS NETWORKING: Introduction, differences in wireless & fixed telephone networks,

traffic routing in wireless networks –circuit switching, packet switching X.25 protocol.

UNIT IV

Wireless data services – cellular digital packet data (CDPD), advanced radio data information

systems, RAM mobile data (RMD). Common channel signaling (CCS), ISDN-Broad band ISDN

& ATM ,Signaling System no .7(SS7)-protocols, network services part, user part, signaling

traffic, services & performance.

UNIT V

MOBILE IP AND WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL: Mobile IP Operation of mobile

IP, Co-located address, Registration, Tunneling, WAP Architecture, overview, WML scripts,

WAP service, WAP session protocol, wireless transaction, Wireless datagram protocol.

UNIT VI

WIRELESS LAN TECHNOLOGY: Infrared LANs, Spread spectrum LANs, Narrow bank

microwave LANs, IEEE 802 protocol Architecture, IEEE802 architecture and services, 802.11

medium access control, 802.11 physical layer.

UNIT VII

BLUE TOOTH : Overview, Radio specification, Base band specification, Links manager

specification, Logical link control and adaptation protocol. Introduction to WLL Technology.

UNIT VIII

MOBILE DATA NETWORKS : Introduction, Data oriented CDPD Network, GPRS and higher

data rates, Short messaging service in GSM, Mobile application protocol.

TEXTBOOKS

Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, PHI, 2003.

Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rappaport, PHI, 2nd Edn., 2002.

Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy,Pearson Education,

2002.

REFERENCES

1. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, PHI, 1999.

ANALOG AND DIGITAL IC DESIGN

UNIT-I

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: General considerations one – state op-amps, two stage op-

amps-gains boosting stage- comparison I/P range limitations slew rate. CURRENT MIRRORS

AND SINGLE STAGE AMPLIFIERS: simple COMS, 3JT current mirror,, Cascode Wilson

Wilder current mirrors. Common Source amplifier source follower, common gate amplifier

NOISE: Types of Noise – Thermal Noise-flicker noise- Noise in opamps- Noise in common

source stage noise band width.

UNIT-II

PHASED LOCKED LOOP DESIGN: PLL concepts- The phase locked loop in the locked

condition Integrated circuit PLLs – phase Detector- Voltage controlled oscillator case study:

Analysis of the 560 B Monolithic PLL.

SWITHCHED CAPACITORS CIRCUITS: Basic Building blocks op-amps capacitors switches –

non-over lapping clocks-Basic operations and analysis-resistor equivalence of la switched

capacitor- parasitic sensitive integrator parasitic insensitive integrators signal flow graph

analysis-First order filters- switch sharing fully differential filters – charged injections-switched

capacitor gain circuits parallel resistor –capacitor circuit – preset table gain circuit – other

switched capacitor circuits – full wave rectifier – peak detector sinusoidal oscillator.

UNIT-III

LOGIC FAMILIES & CHARACTURISTICS : COMS, TTL, ECL, logic families COMS / TTL,

interfacing comparison of logic families.

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN USING VHDL: VHDL modeling for decoders, encoders,

multiplexers, comparison, adders and subtractors .

SEQUENCIAL IC DESIGN USING VHD: VHDL modeling for larches, flip flaps, counters,

shift registers, FSMs.

UNIT-IV

DIGITAL INTEGRADED SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS: Multiplexers and decoders – barrel

shifters counters digital single bit adder

MEMORIES: ROM: Internal structure 2D decoding commercial type timing and applications

CPLD: XC 9500 series family CPLD architecture – CLB internal architecture, I/O block internal

structure .

FPGA: Conceptual of view of FPGA – classification based on CLB internal architecture I/O

block architecture.

UNIT-V

COMPORATORS: Using an op-amp for a comparator-charge injection errors- latched

comparator

NYQUIST RATE D/A CONVERTERS: Decoder based converter resistor storing converters

folded resister string converter – Binary scale converters – Binary weighted resistor converters

– Reduced resistance ratio ladders – R-2R based converters – Thermometer code current mode

D/A converters.

NYQUIST RATE A/D CONVERTERS: Integrating converters – successive approximation

converters. DAC based successive approximation – flash converters time interleaved A/D

converters.

REFERENCES:

Analog Integrated circuit Design by David A Johns, Ken Martin, John Wiley & Sons.

Analysis and design of Analog Integrated Circuits, by Gray, Hurst Lewis, Meyer. John Wiley &

Sons.

Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Behzad Razavi, TMH

Digital Integrated Circuit Design by Ken Martin, Oxford University 2000

Digital Design Principles & Practices” by John F Wakerly, Pearson Education & Xilinx Design

Series, 3rd Ed.(2002)

SUGGESTED READING

Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design Oxford University,2000.

John F Wakerly, “Digital Design Principles & Practices”, Pearson Education & Xilinx Design

Series, 3rd Ed.(2002)

Samir Palnitkar, “Verylog HDL-A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis”, Prentice Hall India,

(2002)

Douglas J Smith, “HDL Chip Design, a practical Guide for Designing, Synthesizing and

simulating ASICs and FPGAs using VHDL or Verilog, Doone Publications, (1999).

DSP PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESING

Introduction, A Digital signal-processing system, The sampling process, Discrete time

sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-

invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation, Analysis and Design tool for

DSP Systems MATLAB, DSP using MATLAB.

UNIT II

COMPUTATIONAL ACCURACY IN DSP IMPLEMENTATIONS

Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision,

Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors,

D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.

UNIT III

ARCHITECTURES FOR PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES

Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and

Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation Unit, Programmability and Program

Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.

UNIT IV

EXECUTION CONTROL AND PIPELINING

Hardware looping, Interrupts, Stacks, Relative Branch support, Pipelining and Performance,

Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branching effects, Interrupt effects, Pipeline Programming models.

UNIT V

PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX

DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of

TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming,

On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation of

TMS320C54XX Processors.

UNIT VI

IMPLEMENTATIONS OF BASIC DSP ALGORITHMS

The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters, PID Controller,

Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal Processing.

UNIT VII

IMPLEMENTATION OF FFT ALGORITHMS

An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, A Butterfly Computation, Overflow and scaling, Bit-

Reversed index generation, An 8-Point FFT implementation on the TMS320C54XX,

Computation of the signal spectrum.

UNIT VIII

INTERFACING MEMORY AND I/O PERIPHERALS TO PROGRAMMABLE DSP

DEVICES

Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O

interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

A Multichannel buffered serial port (McBSP), McBSP Programming, a CODEC interface circuit,

CODEC programming, A CODEC-DSP interface example.

TEXT BOOKS

Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.

DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. S. Chand & Co, 2000.

REFERENCES

Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkata Ramani

and M. Bhaskar, TMH, 2004.

Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, John Wiley, 2005.

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS

Unit –I

Overview of optical fiber communications: The evolution of fiber optic systems, elements of an

optical fiber transmission link. Advantages of optical fiber communication, applications.

Unit – II

Optical Fibers: structures, wave guiding, Nature of light, Basic optical laws and definitions,

optical fiber modes and configurations (Fiber types, Rays and modes, step index and graded

index fibers). mode theory of circular waveguides.

Unit – III

Optical sources: LEDs, structures, quantum efficiency, modulation capability, Laser diodes:

Laser diodes and threshold conditions, external quantum efficiency resonant frequencies, laser

diode structures and radiation pattern, temperature effects, reliability.

Unit – IV

Photo Detectors: Physical principles of photodiodes (pin Photodiode, avalanche, photo diode)

comparison of photo detectors, noise in detectors.

Unit – V

Fabrication, cabling and installation: Fabrication, fiber optic cables, Installation- placing the

cable.

Unit – VI

Optical Communication Systems: Block diagrams of optical communication systems, direct

intensity modulation, digital communication systems, Laser semiconductor transmitter,

Generations of optical fiber link, description of 8 Mb/s optical fiber communication link,

description of 2.5 Gb/s optical fiber communication link.

Unit – VII

Components of fiber optic Networks: Overview of fiber optic networks, Transreceiver,

semiconductors optical amplifiers, couplers/splicers, wavelength division multiplexers and de-

multiplexers, filters, isolators and optical switches.

Unit – VIII

Fiber Optic Networks: Basic networks, SONET/SDIT, Broad cast and select WDM Networks,

wavelength routed networks, optical CDMA.

Text Books:

Optical fiber communications – Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed. MGH.

Fiber Optic Communication Technology – Djafar K. Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner, (Pearson

Education Asia)

Optoelectronic devices and systems – S.C. Gupta, PHI, 2005.

Reference:

Fiber Optics Communications – Harold Kolimbiris (Pearson Education Asia)

Optical Fiber Communications and its applications – S.C. Gupta (PHI) 2004.

WDM Optical Networks – C. Siva Ram Murthy and Mohan Guru Swamy, PHI.

Fiber Optic communications – D.C. Agarwal, S.Chand Publications, 2004.

RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING

(ELECTIVE III)

UNIT I

Introduction [1] – Radar Block Diagram, Radar Equation, Information Available from Radar

Echo. Review of Radar Range Performance [2] – General Radar Range Equation, Radar

Detection with Noise Jamming, Beacon and Repeater Equations, Bistatic Radar.

UNIT II

Detection of Radar Signals in Noise - I [3] : Matched Filter Receiver – Impulse Response,

Frequency Response Characteristic and its Derivation, Matched Filter and Correlation Function,

Correlation Detection and Cross-Correlation Receiver. Efficiency of Non-Matched Filters,

Matched Filter for Non-White Noise.

UNIT III

Detection of Radar Signals in Noise - II [3] : Detection Criteria – Neyman-Pearson Observer,

Likelihood-Ratio Receiver, Inverse Probability Receiver, Sequential Observer. Detectors –

Envelope Detector, Logarithmic Detector, I/Q Detector. Automatic Detection - CFAR Receiver,

Cell Averaging CFAR Receiver, CFAR Loss, CFAR Uses in Radar. Radar Signal Management –

Schematics, Component Parts, Resources and Constraints.

UNIT IV

Waveform Selection [3, 2] : Radar Ambiguity Function and Ambiguity Diagram – Principles and

Properties; Specific Cases – Ideal Case, Single Pulse of Sine Wave, Periodic Pulse Train, Single

Linear FM Pulse, Noiselike Waveforms. Waveform Design Requirements. Optimum Waveforms

for Detection in Clutter, Family of Radar Waveforms.

UNIT V

Pulse Compression in Radar Signals : Introduction, Significance, Types. Linear FM Pulse

Compression – Block Diagram, Characteristics, Reduction of Time Sidelobes, Stretch

Techniques, Generation and Decoding of FM Waveforms – Block Schematic and Characteristics

of Passive System, Digital Compression, SAW Pulse Compression.

UNIT VI

Phase Coding Techniques : Principles, Binary Phase Coding, Barker Codes, Maximal Length

Sequences (MLS/LRS/PN), Block Diagram of a Phase Coded CW Radar.

UNIT VII

Poly Phase Codes : Frank Codes, Costas Codes, Non-Linear FM Pulse Compression, Doppler

Tolerant PC Waveforms – Short Pulse, Linear Period Modulation (LPM/HFM). Sidelobe

Reduction for Phase Coded PC Signals.

UNIT VIII

Other Types of PC Waveforms – Basics of Nonlinear Binary Phase Coded Sequences,

Complementary Codes, Huffman Codes, Concatenated Barker Codes. Limiting in Pulse

Compression, Cross-Correlation Properties, Compatibility. Comparison of Different Pulse

Compresssion Waveforms.

TEXT BOOKS

M.I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, McGraw Hill, 2nd ed., 1991.

Fred E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles – Signal Processing and The Environment, PHI, 2nd

ed., 1999.

M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, TMH, 3rd ed., 2001.

REFERENCES

Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr., Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004.

R. Nitzberg, Radar Signal Processing and Adaptive Systems, Artech House, 1999.

F.E. Nathanson, Radar Design Principles, McGraw Hill, 1st ed., 1969.

& Nelson Morgan, 1/e, Wiley

SYSTEM MODELLING & SIMULATION

(ELECTIVE III)

UNIT I

Basic Simulation Modeling, Systems, Models and Simulation, Discrete Event Simulation,

Simulation of Single server queing system, Simulation of Inventory System, Alternative

approach to modeling and simulation.

UNIT II

SIMULATION SOFTWARE:

Comparison of simulation packages with Programming Languages, Classification of Software,

Desirable Software features, General purpose simulation packages – Arena, Extend and others,

Object Oriented Simulation, Examples of application oriented simulation packages.

UNIT III

BUILDING SIMULATION MODELS:

Guidelines for determining levels of model detail, Techniques for increasing model validity and

credibility.

UNIT IV

MODELING TIME DRIVEN SYSTEMS:

Modeling input signals, delays, System Integration, Linear Systems, Motion Control models,

numerical experimentation.

UNIT V

EXOGENOUS SIGNALS AND EVENTS:

Disturbance signals, state machines, petri nets & analysis, System encapsulation.

UNIT VI

MARKOV PROCESS

Probabilistic systems, Discrete Time Markov processes, Random walks, Poisson processes, the

exponential distribution, simulating a poison process, Continuous – Time Markov processes.

UNIT VII

EVEN DRIVEN MODELS:

Simulation diagrams, Queing theory, simulating queing systems, Types of Queues, Multiple

servers.

UNIT VIII

SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION:

System identification, Searches, Alpha/beta trackers, multidimensional optimization, modeling

and simulation methodology.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. System Modeling & Simulation, An introduction – Frank L.Severance, John Wiley&Sons,

2001.

Simulation Modeling and Analysis – Averill M.Law, W.David Kelton, TMH, 3rd Edition, 2003

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Systems Simulation – Geoffery Gordon, PHI, 1978

INTERNET PROTOCOLS

Unit – 1

Introduction: Internet administration and standards. The OSI model and TCP/IP protocol,

TCP/IP Versions.

Unit – 2

Internet Protocol – Part 1: IP addressing, different classes, subnetting, supernetting.

Unit – 3

Delivery and routing of IP packets, IP design, ARP and RARP.

Unit – 4

Internet Protocol – Part III: Internet control message protocol, message format, error reporting

and query, ICMP design, Internet group message protocol and its design, user datagram protocol,

operation and design.

Unit – 5

Transmission Control Protocol: TCP services, flow control, error control, connection, congestion

control, TCP design and operation, routing protocols, RIP, OSPF and BGP.

Unit – 6

BOOTP and DHCP, DNS name space, distribution of name space, DNS resolution, types of

records, Telnet and remote login.

Unit – 7

File Transfer Protocol, connection, communication and command processing, TFTP, simple mail

transfer protocol, addresses, mail delivery, multipurpose Internet mail extensions. Post office

protocol.

Unit – 8

Simple Network Management Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Next Generation IP

Protocols, IPv6.

Text Books:

1.TCP/IP Protocol Suite – By Behrouz A. Porouzan, TMH, ed.-2000.

2. Internet Working with TCP/IP Vol.I: Principles, Protocols and Architecture – by Douglas E.

Comes. (PHI) - 1997.

NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY

(ELECTIVE IV)

UNIT I

Introduction: Attacks, Services and Mechanisms, Security attacks, Security services, A Model

for Inter-network security.

Classical Techniques: Conventional Encryption model, Steganograpjy, Classical Encryption

Techniques.

UNIT II

Modern Techniques: Simplified DES, Block Cipher principles, Data Encryption standard,

Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles and

Modes of operation.

Algorithms: Triples DES, International Data Encryption algorithm, Blowfish, RC5, CAST-128,

RC2, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric block cifers.

UNIT III

Conventional Encryption: Placement of Encryption function, Traffic confidentiality, Key

distribution, Random Number Generation.

Public Key cryptography: Principles, RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key

exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

UNIT IV

Number Theory: Prime and Relatively prime numbers, Modular arithmetic, Fermat’s and Euler’s

Theorems, Testing for primarily, Euclid’s Algorithm, the Chinese remainder theorem, Discrete

logarithms.

Message authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication requirements and functions,

Message Authentication, Hash functions, Security of Hash functions and MACs.

UNIT V

Hash and MAC algorithms: MD file, Message digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm,

RIPEMD-160, HMAC.

Digital signatures and Authentication protocols: Digital signatures, Authentication protocols,

Digital signature Standards.

UNIT VI

Authentication Applications: Kerberos, X.509 directory Authentication Service. Electronic Mail

Security: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME.

UNIT VII

IP Security: Overview, Architecture, Authentication, Encapsulating Security Payload,

Combining security Associations, Key Management.

Web Security: Web Security requirements, Secure sockets layer and Transport layer security,

Secure Electronic Transaction.

UNIT VIII

Intruders, Viruses and Worms: Intruders, Viruses and Related threats.

Fire Walls: Fire wall Design Principles, Trusted systems.

TEXT BOOKS

William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, Pearson

Education.

William Stallings, Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS

Eric Maiwald ,Fundamentals of Network Security (Dreamtech press)

Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman and Mike Speciner, Network Security – Private

Communication in a Public World, Pearson/PHI.

Whitman, Principles of Information Security, Thomson.

Robert Bragg, Network Security The Complete reference, Mark Rhodes, TMH Buchmann,

Introduction to Cryptography, Springer.

ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

The students are required to simulate the following experimental parts on the MATLAB

environment by consider the relevant application based examples.

PART-1: Digital Signal Processing

Discrete-time Signals and Systems in the time domain.

z-Transforms and inverse z-Transforms.

The Discrete Fourier Transform properties.

FIR Filter Design.

IIR Filter Design.

Applications in Adaptive Filtering.

PART-2: Image Processing

Image Enhancement.

Enhancement in Frequency Domain.

Image Segmentation.

Image Compression.

Morphological Operations.

Recognition based decision theoretic methods.

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