i) republic representative democracy a) articles of confederation 1 st “constitution”—written...
TRANSCRIPT
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I) Republicrepresentative democracy
A) Articles of Confederation
1st “constitution”—written in 1777
1) Northwest Ordinance
provided an orderly plan for statehood for the Northwest Territory
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B) Failure of the Articles: Shays’ Rebellion
II) Constitutional Convention
1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers that led to a call to “fix” the Articles
A) James Madison (“Father of the Constitution”)
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B) Checks & Balances (Montesquieu)
divide government into branches
Legislative Executive Judicial
1) Three Branches
each branch would have something only they could do (separation of powers)each had a chance to keep another from doing something (checks & balances)
(Congress)(President)(Supreme Court)
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Legislative Branch (passes)
Executive Branch
(enforces)
Judicial Branch
(interprets)
Separation of Powers
(passes) (vetoes)(overrides)
(judicial review)
Checks & Balances
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2) Virginia Plan: representation based on population
3) New Jersey Plan: representation the same for each state4) “The Great Compromise”
combination of VA & NJ Plans—created a bicameral legislature
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a) House of Representatives
population
b) Senate2 per state
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5) Three-Fifths Compromise
5 blacks (slaves) = 3 whites (non-slaves)to ease southern concerns about representation in Legislative Branch
6) Supremacy Clause Constitution is the “supreme law of the land”
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7) Federalism
power shared by the central government and the states
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III) Ratification
A) Federalists vs. Antifederalists
Federalists: worried about anarchy without a strong central government
Antifederalists: worried a strong central government would trample on rights
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1) The Federalist Papers (The Federalist)series of newspaper articles explaining the need for the Constitution
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B) Bill of Rights
1st 10 Amendments to the Constitutionprotects individual rights from government abusewritten by James Madison to convince the Antifederalists to support the Constitution
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IV) Writ of Habeas Corpus
“due process” rights (to see if you’re being held legally)
without it, you could be held indefinitely without trialV) Electoral College
each state’s electoral vote = number of members of Congress from that state, & they choose the President
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The Housegathers evidence
Senate
holds a trial
VI) Impeachment