SOLVEDPAPER

I PUCAnnual Examination

2020

History(North)

Time : 3 Hrs. 15 Min. Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1. Write SI. No’s of questions correctly.

2. Visually challenged students need to Answer Question No. 31 ‘B’ Instead of Map question No. 31 A in Part-D

3. Answer the questions according to the instructions given for the questions.

SECTION-A

I. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence each : 10 × 1 = 10

1. From which language is the term History derived?

2. What is bipedalism?

3. Which is the emblem of Christianity?

4. Who were Vassals?

5. What was the nick name of Marie Antoinette?

6. Who was Admiral Nelson?

7. Who established the “Red Shirt Army”?

8. Which day is celebrated as U.N.O. day?

9. Where is the head quarters of NATO?

10. What is Non-Aligned Movement?

SECTION-B II. Answer any TEN of the following questions in 2 words or 2 sentences each : 10 × 2 = 20

11. Which were the two chemicals responsible for the origin of life?

12. Mention any two important inventions that helped the growth of civilzations.

13. Who built the great wall of China? Why?

14. Mention the two works of Plato.

15. Which are the two sects of Islam?

16. From which word is feudalism derived? What is its meaning?

17. Name any two scientists of the Renaissance.

18. Name any two colonies of England in America.

19. What is Bloody Sunday?

20. Name the two alliance formed during the First World War.

21. Name the presidents of America and Russia who ended the cold war.

22. Where and when did Nehru use the word Non-Aligned?

SECTION-C III. Answer any SIX of the following questions in 15 to 20 sentences: 6 × 5 = 30

23. Explain the importance of study of history.

24. Write a note on confucius and his philosophy.

25. Write about the life history of Jesus.

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC2 26. Write about counter Reformation. 27. Describe the results of the American War of Independence. 28. Explain the provisions of the treaty of Versailles. 29. What are the factors responsible for the disintegration of Russia? 30. Write about the relationship between India and NAM.

SECTION-D IV. Answer the following questions as indicated : 5 + 5 = 10

31. (A) Mark any five of the following historical places on the outline map of the world provided to you and add an Explanatory note on each marked places in two sentences

(a) Babylonia (b) Rome (c) Jerusalem (d) Venice (e) Cape of Good Hope (f) London (g) Nagasaki (h) MoscowFor Visually Challenged Students Only :

31. (B) Answer the following question in 30 to 40 sentences : 10 × 1 = 10

Discuss the important factors of Human evolution.OR

Explain causes for the American War of Independence.

SECTION-E V. Answer any two of the following questions in 30 to 40 sentences each : 2 × 10 = 20

32. Describe the contributions of Roman Civilization. 33. Describe the causes and results of geographical explorations. 34. Describe the administrative reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte. 35. Explain the causes and results of Second World War.

SECTION-F 36. Match the following: 5

1. Nehru - Walking University 2. Darwin - The Navigator 3. Aristotle - The origin of species 4. Prince Henry - Blood and Iron policy 5. Bismark - Discovery of India 37. Arrange the following events in chronological order : 5

1. Warsaw Pact 2. Capture of Constantinople 3. Hejira Era. 4. Battle of Waterloo. 5. Establishment of League of Nations.

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3Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC

SOLUTIONS

SECTION-A

I.

1. Greek 1

2. Walking with two legs. 1

3. Cross. 1

4. Holders of land by feudal tenure in a subordinate position to the other on conditions of homage and allegiance. 1

5. Madame Deficit. 1

6. Admiral Nelson was a British naval officer whose inspirational leadership, multifaceted strategies and unconventional tactics had helped British various naval battles. He is particularly famous for his command in Napoleonic Wars. 1

7. Joseph Stalin. 1

8. October 24. 1

9. Brussels, Belgium. 1

10. The Non Alignment is a movement to settle the international problems through peaceful and harmonious means and without the use of force of weapons. 1

SECTION-B

II.

11. (i) Hydrogen

(ii) Carbon. 1 + 1

12. (i) Invention of moving wheel

(ii) Invention of printing press. 1 + 1

13. Shih-Huwang to prevent invasions from the northern invaders. 1 + 1

14. (i) The Republic (ii) The Laws. 1 + 1

15. (i) The Sunnis (ii) The Shias. 1 + 1

16. The word Feudalism has been derived from the German word Feud. It means a ’piece of land’. 1 + 1

17. (i) Leonardo da Vinci (ii) Galileo. 1 + 1

18. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Mary Land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Georgia. (Any two) 1 + 1

19. On Sunday, 22nd January, 1905, Father Gapan led a huge rally of workers and wanted to meet the Tsar to express their grievances. Thousands of armed troops were stationed at key points, who opened fire at the marchers. Most of the marchers were killed in the firing. This is known as “Bloody Sunday” 2

20. Triple Alliance formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Triple Entente formed by Britain, France and Russia.

1 + 1

21. George Bush and Boris Yelstin. 1 + 1

22. In 1954 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. 1 + 1

SECTION-C III.

23. (a) History is the memory of past events

(b) History teaches religious tolerance.

(c) History is the source of inspiration

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC4 (d) History promotes patriotism

(e) History is a laboratory of social sciences

(f) History helps to broaden our outlook

(g) History promotes international peace

(h) History has professional uses

(i) History removes prejudices. 5

24. Confucius, also known as Kong Qui, was a thinker, politician and philosopher born into a royal family of the Chou Dynasty around 551 BCE in Qufu, Shandong Province, China. Confucius’ philosophy was constructed on the principle of “ren”, or “loving others,” combined with the Golden, or Silver Rule; “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.” He also advocated the concepts of self-discipline, humility, compassion and positive example. His moral teachings emphasized the attainment of self-development, principled character and skilled judgment. Regarding self-development, Confucius advocated sincerity, the cultivation of knowledge, and virtuous action towards others. Confucius’ philosophy of education comprised of the “Six Arts,” including: archery, calligraphy, computation, music, chariot-driving and ritual. Confucius philosophy emphasized the importance of strong family values, loyalty and respecting elders as tenets for a stable society. Moreover, it was Confucius who introduced the concepts of benevolence, ritual and proprietary as well as the Golden Rule. Confucius philosophy is still important and prevalent in modern Chinese society. 5

25. Life of Jesus Christ: He was born on 25th December C.E. at Bethlehem in Judea. Joseph and Virgin Mary were his parents. Jesus was captised by John, a religion preacher and he declared Jesus as messiah at the age of 30. Jesus preached religious philosophy throughout the country. He had 12 disciples, they are called the Apostles.

Jesus sympathised with the poor and sick people. Jesus was considered as messiah. Since Jesus began rejecting the religion dogmas, Jew started opposing him When he visited Jerusalem, Jewish police arrested him. Governor of Rome ordered crucification of Jesus. He was crucified on Friday 7th April 30 C.E. on the hill rock of Golgatha.

5

26. Counter Reformation: The rapid spread of Protestantism alarmed the Catholics and they felt the urgency to check further damage to the Catholic Church. They demanded reformation from within and the movement came to be known as the “Counter Reformation”.

The Roman Catholic Church made efforts to win back the protestant dominated countries to the Roman obedience.

A concreted counter : The counter Reformation Movement was launched with the fourfold purpose of punishing, reforming, converting and rendering social service. 5

27. The Results of the American War of Independence are :

(a) Emergence of USA : A new nation began to develop called the United States of America [USA]. They wrote the constitution of their own. America became the first country in the world which made written constitution. George Washington became the first President of America.

(b) Loss to England : According to the American Revolution, England lost there 13 colonies which were the most resourceful colonies.

(c) A lesson to England : After the loss against Americans, they turned their direction towards East and Asian countries. A belief that “Sun never sets in their kingdom” was proved wrong.

(d) An inspiration to the French Revolution : The efforts made by the philosophers of America and their watchwords also encouraged the French people and inspired them.

(e) End of democracy in England : As a result of the loss over America, the English king lost his prestige and power in his country. 5

28. Provisions of the Treaty are as follows:

(a) France took Alsace and Lorraine provinces of Germany and acquired the Saar coal mining basin of Germany for 15 years as a compensation for the destruction of the coal mines in north of France.

(b) Schleswig and Holstein were given to Denmark by Germany.

(c) Danzig was declared a free part from Germany.

(d) All forts of Rhine land area were demolished and instructions were given not to build any more forts.

(e) Poland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia became independent from Germany. Germany’s colonies were divided among England, France, Japan and others.

(f) Germany was made to pay war indemnity of 6,600 million pounds.

(g) Germany was disarmed. Its army was cut down to 100,000 soldiers.

5Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC (h) Manufacturing, import and export of weapons were prohibited in Germany.

(i) Germany was not allowed to maintain tanks, submarines and military aircraft.

(j) German warships were converted into commercial ships. 5

29. Following were some important causes responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union:

(a) There is no doubt that the internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions which failed to meet the aspirations of the people were responsible for the collapse of the system. Economic stagnation for many years led to severe consumer shortage and a large section of Soviet society began to doubt and question the system and to do so openly.

(b) The Soviet economy used much of its recourse in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system. This led to a huge economic burden that the system could not cope with.

(c) The common people of the USSR became more knowledgeable about the economic advancement of West. They could easily see the disparities between their system and the systems of the West.

(d) The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not accountable to the people. So the ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration.

(e) The most basic point was that when Gorbachev carried out his reforms and loosened the system, he set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and became virtually impossible to control.

(f) There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with his methods.

(g) Gorbachev lost support on all sides and divided public opinion. Even those who were with him became disillusioned as they felt that he did not adequately defend his own policies.

(h) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR. 5

30. Relationship between India & NAM: India played an important role in the origin of Non-aligned movement. Jawaharlal Nehru of India is called the Architect of NAM. It is also called his Movement. India has not only coined the word ‘Non-alignment’ but has inspired it.

The following facts show the relation between India & NAM.

(a) 7th Summit of NAM was held at Delhi. attended by Indira Gandhi.

(b) 8th Summit was held in Harare attended by Rajiv Gandhi.

(c) 9th Summit was held in Belgrade attended by Rajiv Gandhi.

(d) 12th & 13th Summit were attended by Atal Bihari Vajapayee.

(e) 14th Summit was attended by Manmohan Singh. 5

SECTION-D III. 31.

Babylonia

Rome

Jerusalem

Venice

Cape of Good Hope

London

Nagasaki

Moscow

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC6 (a) Babylonia : It is in IraIt was the capital of the Mesopotamia Civilization. Marduk Temple is also situated here.

Nebuchadnezzar built the Hanging Garden.

(b) Rome : It is the capital city of Italy, founded in 756 B.C., It is the centre of the Roman Catholic Church.

(c) Jerusalem : It is in Israel. It is holy for Christians, Jews and Muslims. Jesus was born at Bethlehem in Jerusalem.

(d) Venice : It is the city in Italy. It was the centre of Renaissance. St. Mark’s Church found here. Medieval travellers like Macro Polo and Nicolo Polo were from Venice.

(e) Cape of Good Hope : It is in South Africa. Bartholomew Diaz called it the “Cape of Storms”. Later Vasco- da- Gama renamed it as the “Cape of Good Hope”.

(f) London : It is the capital of UK. It was the main centre of Industrial Revolution.

(g) Nagasaki : It is in Japan. During the World War II America dropped an atomic bomb here on August 9, 1945. As a result of this more than 70,000 people died.

(h) Moscow : It is the capital of Russia. It was one of the centres of the Russian Revolution. (Any five)

1 × 5 = 5

SECTION-E IV. 32. Roman Civilization gave remarkable contribution in many fields.

Pax Romana (Roman Peace): The establishment of empire brought about great peace called Pax Romana, which flourished trade and commerce and people had prosperous life.

Roman Law: The most intellectual contributions of the Romans was the formation of a body of laws. Their system of law enabled the Romans to maintain order over a vast empire. The first written code came in the form of the Twelve Tables in 150 BCE. The Roman law can be divided into two parts:

(a) The Jus-civilie law, which applied only to the Roman citizens. (b) The Jus Gentium, which applied to foreigners in Rome and to those within the Roman lands, who were not

given citizenship. Language and Literature: Latin was the language of ancient Roman Empire. Before the fall of Rome, Latin became

the accepted language of much of the civilized world. They gave outstanding contribution in the field of literature and history.

Writer Their work Cicero Prose works Catullus and Lucretius Poetry Virgil “Aeneid” Livy “Natural History”, “History of Rome” Tacitus Annals Pliny “Natural History” Marcus Aurelius “Meditation” Science: Their contribution in science was very limited. They were the first to provide free medicines to poor

patients. Galen (130-200CE) the greatest physician was one of the first to discover the circulation of blood. Aretaeus was first to describe diabetes and diphtheria. Roman numerals I - X are still used today.

Art and architecture: The Romans were stupendous builders. Pompey’s Theatre (55 BCE) was a magnificent structure. Coliseum by Vespasian and Pantheon by Hadrian are most famous buildings. They invented concrete. Arch, domes, water system and roads are example of the Roman engineering.

The Romans developed sculpture and paintings. Much of their sculptures depicted emperors, placed in city squares as symbol of their authority and power. 10

33. The causes of the Geographical Explorations are given below: (a) Capture of Constantinople by the Turks: The trade route between the East and West (European countries)

was carried out through Constantinople. The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople. They closed the trade route and looted merchants. This forced the Europeans to find a new trade route to the East. The only possible such route was through the sea.

(b) Demand for Commodities: Asian commodities like spices-pepper, ginger, clove, cardamom, muslin, silk, pearls, ivory and precious stones were in great demand in Europe. It was a lucrative trade. Europeans were eager to improve their standard of living by earning more. This was possible by enlarging commercial contacts with the Eastern countries. 5

7Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC (c) Travellers Accounts: The Asian countries were very rich. European travellers visited them and gave glowing

accounts of the fabulous wealth. They widely travelled in the East and West to Mongolia, India and China. Marco Polo gave a vivid account of geography, people’s wealth and trade routes. All these excited the desire of European merchants to visit these countries.

(d) Geographical Knowledge: The myths like the Earth was flat, the seas were filled with terrible monsters. The tropical portion of Africa was blazing and surrounded by boiling water, etc. were proved false with the new knowledge on Geography.

(e) Spread of Christianity: The kings, nobles and missionaries were very enthusiastic to spread Christianity in the new lands. Hence, the kings of Spain and Portugal encouraged explorations.

(f) Efforts of Prince Henry: The training school of navigation was started by Prince Henry of Portugal and it gave the necessary training to sailors, geographers, makers and ship builders.

(g) Other Causes: The invention of printing press, Mariner’s Compass, new maps and establishment of banks and joint stock companies also encouraged the navigators. Patronage by kings also went far in the field of geographical discoveries.

Results of the Geographical Explorations:

(a) The Geographical discoveries had a great impact on the political, economic, social, religious and cultural history of the world.

(b) The discovery of new lands provided a lot of opportunities.

(c) New cities like London, Lisbon and Amsterdam became important trading centres.

(d) The circumnavigation of the Earth by Magellan proved that the Earth is round.

(e) The exploration increased the European contacts with the East, many Europeans came to the East for trade and to spread Christianity.

(f) It supported the stability of monarchies in the Europe.

(g) The Geographical Discoveries ensured competition among the European nations to have contacts with the new discovered lands.

(h) Discovery of new lands encouraged slave trading, ship building, banking and commerce. It also helped the Renaissance and Reformation. 10

34. Reforms introduced by Napoleon :

(a) Equality: Napoleon took away the liberty of the people but provided them equality. He completely abolished the distinction between the lower class and the upper class. Anybody could get the highest post in the government on the basis of merit.

(b) Beautification and Art: Napoleon was a great lover of art and he encouraged it a lot. He wanted to beautify the city of Paris and for this purpose he had imported several artistic objects to Paris from Italy. Napoleon asked the craftsmen of France to make beautiful articles, and thus hundreds of unemployed craftsmen could get work. He also encouraged literature.

(c) The Legion of Honour: Napoleon established the Legion of Honour in order to inject feeling of honour among the French people. The people were added to it on the basis of their merit and not on that of hereditariness. Those who influenced Napoleon by their ability, courage or by any other work of outstanding quality were given the title of Legion of Honour. He also developed a new kind of nobility by awarding pieces of land to his well-wishers. In fact, both these were against the principles of revolution because it gave birth to new classes. But Napoleon thought that the institution of the Legion of Honour was necessary to encourage his supporters.

(d) Economic Reforms: The economic condition of France had deteriorated rapidly during the course of the Revolution. The taxes were not realised properly. Trade and commerce and agriculture were badly affected. Napoleon paid his earnest attention to reform the ailing economy. First of all, he cut down the state expenditure and the responsibility for collecting taxes was handed over to the Central Government. It proved to be beneficial for the government as well as for the tax-payers. To increase the credit of France, he established the Bank of France. He abolished the Guild System and prohibited the merchants from making fresh guilds, because according to Napoleon Bonaparte these guilds were the centres of corruption and indiscipline. In order to settle the disputes between the merchants and the labourers, an Industrial Committee was formed by Napoleon, but the merchants had their majority in this committee.

(e) Educational Reforms: Napoleon carried out several reforms in the field of education but he was of the opinion that the educational institutions should be under the control of the state. The courses of Paris University and the affiliated colleges were decided by the government. Some limitations were placed on the study of politics,

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC8philosophy and history. Napoleon used to think that the study of these subjects raised several problems in the smooth way of life. The following schools were flourishing in France during the reign of Consuls.

(f) Religious Reforms (Concordat) : Napoleon used to say that “a state without a religion is like a vessel without a compass.” The Pope agreed to the decision of the revolutionary period that the property of the Church which was confiscated during the course of Revolution would not be given back. The education would be controlled by the State. No official of the Church was to be allowed to open educational institutions without the prior permission of State. No clergyman was to be allowed to leave his parish. All the officials of the Church would receive their salary and take an oath of loyalty to the Government. The clergymen who were imprisoned during the course of Revolution were to be released; and those who had fled from France, were to be permitted to return to France. 10

35. The causes of the World War II are as follows: (a) Treaty of Versailles : The entire responsibility for the losses of the First World War was put on Germany. The

treaty itself based on revenge. Germany was deprived of its colonies, coal mines and military was weakened. When Germany could not pay war indemnity so France occupied the Ruhr Valley, the only rich industrial area that was left with Germany. Germany was waiting for an opportunity to tear the Treaty of Varsailles.

(b) Expansionist Policy of Japan and Italy : Japan and Italy did not receive the proper share of the war spoil. Later they were the countries which were hit hard, as they had limited sources. So, with a view to solve their economic problems, they turned to the policy of aggression and expansion. 6

(c) Rise of Dictators : The rise of dictatorship in Italy under Mussolini, Germany under Adolf Hitler and Japan under the Government of Tojo was another cause of war. They formed an alliance called “Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis” in 1937.

(d) Colonial and Commercial Rivalry : Italy, Germany and Japan were poor in natural sources. Non- availability of raw materials and the absence of markets for manufactured goods created a feeling of economic suffocation. Under these conditions Italy, Germany and Japan came together and embarked upon naked aggression.

(f) Failure of the League of Nations : The League of Nations became too weak. Japan invaded Manchuria in China, Italy invaded Abyssinia and Germany invaded Austria. League of Nations failed to check there aggression. As a result, the League totally failed in preserving peace in Europe.

(f) Rearmament : The Peace Settlement of 1919 had completely disarmed Germany. But Hitler began to rearm. Rearmament by Italy, Japan and others led to the Second World War.

(g) Immediate Cause : On 1st September 1939 Hitler invaded Poland, but Poland was an ally of England and France. Hence, England and France declared war on Germany.

Results of the Second World War were as follows: (a) During The Second World War about 25 million people were killed and 50 million were disabled. (b) It ended dictatorship. Italy was declared a Republic, Germany was divided into four zones and Japan was

occupied by the Allied Powers. (c) USA and USSR emerged as two super powers and it led to the “Cold War” between them. (d) The colonial empires came to an end. Many countries became independent. (e) A new home land (Israel) for the Jews was created in 1948. (f) The entire atmosphere of Nagasaki and Hiroshima became poisonous. New born children suffered from

severe deformities. (g) United Nations Organization was established with the object of preventing wars and maintaining peace in

future. 10

SECTION-F 36. (a) Nehru - Discovery of India (b) Darwin - The Origin of Species (c) Aristotle - Walking University (d) Prince Henry - The Navigator (e) Bismark - Blood and Iron Policy 1 × 5 = 5

37. (a) Hejira Era (b) Capture of Constantinople (c) Battle of Waterloo (d) Establishment of League of Nations (e) Warsaw Pact 1 × 5 = 5

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SOLVEDPAPER

I PUCAnnual Examination

2020

History(South)

Time : 3 Hrs. 15 Min. Max. Marks : 100

Instructions : 1. Write SI. No’s of questions correctly.

2. Visually challenged students need to Answer Question No. 31 ‘B’ Instead of Map question No. 31 A in Part-D

3. Answer the questions according to the instructions given for the questions.

SECTION-A

I. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence each. 10 × 1 = 10

1. Who is called as ‘The Father of History’? 2. What is Bipedalism? 3. Whose famous words are “Vini, Vidi, Visi”? 4. Which is the holy place of Muslims? 5. Which country was called as the Mother land of Renaissance? 6. Who drafted the declaration of American Independence? 7. Who was the Tsar ruling Russia at the time of Revolution? 8. Who imposed continental System? 9. When did the First World War break out? 10. What is Non-Aligned Movement?

SECTION-B

II. Answer any TEN of the following Questions in 2 words or 2 sentences each. 10 × 2 = 20

11. Which two animals are considered as the nearest relatives of man? 12. Who built the Great Wall of China? Why? 13. Name any two city-states of ancient Greece. 14. Who were the parents of Jesus? 15. Name any two trade centres of Medieval Europe. 16. Who discovered sea route to India and When? 17. Name any two chemicals invented during the Industrial revolution. 18. Name the three classes of French Society. 19. Name the parents of Napoleon Bonaparte 20. Who was the founder of Nazism? Name his work. 21. Expand NATO. 22. When was the Bandung conference held? And who presided it?

SECTION-C III. Answer any SIX of the following questions in 15 to 20 sentences each. 6 × 5 = 30

23. Explain the importance of study of History in brief.

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC10 24. How was the food and Shelter responsible for human evolution? 25. Briefly Explain the teachings of prophet Mohammad. 26. Explain the causes for Geographical Discoveries. 27. Explain the results of First World War. 28. Write a note on the organs of the UNO. 29. What are the factors responsible for disintegration of Russia? 30. Describe the causes for the rise of Non-Aligned movement.

SECTION-D IV. Answer the following questions as Indicated: 1 × 10 = 10

31. (A) Mark any Five of the following historical places on the outline map of the world provided to you and add an explanatory note on each marked place in two sentences each.

(a) Babylonia (b) Jerusalem (c) Cape of Good Hope (d) London (e) Waterloo (f) Moscow (g) Nagasaki (h) New YorkFor Visually Challenged Students Only 1 × 10 = 10

31. (B) Answer the following question in 30 to 40 sentences:

Describe the contributions of Egyptian civilizationOR

Explain the causes and results of Russia Revolution

SECTION-E V. Answer any two of the following questions in 30 to 40 sentences each. 2 × 10 = 20

32. Describe the contributions of Roman Civilization. 33. Explain the causes and Results of Religious Reformation. 34. Explain the causes of French Revolution. 35. Describe the different stages of Italian unification.

SECTION-F IV 5 × 1 = 5

36. Match the following. (1) Jawaharlal Nehru - Child of Revolution (2) Henry - New Economic Policy (3) Karl Marx - School of Navigation (4) Napoleon - Discovery of India (5) Lenin - Das Capital 37. Arrange the following events in chronological order. 5 × 1 = 5

(1) Foundation of UNO (2) French revolution (3) Capture of Constantinople by Turks (4) Evolution of Earth (5) The 1st Olympics Sports.

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11Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC

SOLUTIONS

SECTION-A I.

1. Herodotus. 1

2. Walking with two legs. 1

3. Julius Caesar. 1

4. Khaba. 1

5. Italy. 1

6. Thomas Jefferson. 1

7. Tsar Nicholas II. 1

8. Napoleon Bonaparte. 1

9. July 28, 1914. 1

10. The Non Alignment is a movement to settle the international problems through peaceful and harmonious means and without the use of force of weapons. 1

SECTION-B II.

11. (i) Chimpanzees (ii) Bonobos. 1 + 1

12. Shih-Huwang to prevent invasions from the northern invaders. 1 + 1

13. Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes. (Any two) 1 + 1

14. Joseph and Mary. 1 + 1

15. Pisa, Venice and Genoa. (Any two) 1 + 1

16. Vasco da Gama in May 1948. 1 + 1

17. (i) Sulphuric Acid (ii) Sodium carbonate. 1 + 1

18. First class — King, Royal Family, the Clergy

Second class — Nobility

Third Class — Commoners. 2

19. His father was Count Charles Bonaparte and mother was Countess Letizia Romalino. 2

20. Nazism was founded by Adolf Hitler. He wrote ‘Mein Kampf ’. 1 + 1

21. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. 2

22. April 18-24, 1955 presided by Ali Sastroamidjojo, the then Prime Minister of Indonesia. 1 + 1

SECTION-C III.

23. (a) History is the memory of past events

(b) History teaches religious tolerance.

(c) History is the source of Inspiration

(d) History promotes patriotism

(e) History is a laboratory of social sciences

(f) History helps to broaden our outlook

(g) History promotes international peace

(h) History has professional uses

(i) History removes prejudices. 5

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC12 24. Food and Shelter: Availability of food and finding shelter was an important factor in the evolution of man. (a) The Hominoids: They were tree dwellers. The trees protected them from predators. They ate seeds, nuts,

fruits, leaves, berries etc. They were not meat eaters. (b) The Hominids: Changing climatic conditions reduced forests and expanded grasslands, plains and deserts.

The species of Hominids came on land searching for food. They adapted to land and used caves and stone boulder as shelter. They went long distances and ate dead animals on left overs of animals killed by predators. As a result the Hominids developed an upright posture and bipedalism for survival.

(c) The Hominines: They were the early humans. They organised planned hunting that required cooperation and also making better tools. Planned hunting led to the growth in brain size. The earliest evidence of the planned hunting is found in Boxgrove in England around 5,00,000 years ago and Schoningen in Germany around 4,00,000 years ago. The Hominines hunted the river beds and lake beds for food. They even built shelter using stone, woods, skelton and leaves.

25. Teachings of Prophet Mohammad: The new faith which Mohammad preached was called “Islam” which means “Submission to Allah”. Islam means peace. It preached equality not slavery. The Sacred book of Islam is “Quran” which is written in Arabic. A true believer of Islam (Muslim) has to perform certain duties which might be called the pillars of Islam. These are as follows:

(a) Kalima : It means faith. There is no God but Allah, everyone should surrender to him, have faith and respect him.

(b) Namaz : It means prayer. Every Muslim has to pray 5 times a day. Prayer is the best method to please God and seek pardon for the sins committed.

(c) Zakat : It is the duty of every Muslim to give alms to the poor. Its purpose is to bring economic equality between the rich and poor.

(d) Roza : It means fasting. Every Muslim should fast in the month of Ramazan from morning to dusk. It balances the desires, controls ones habits and creates a confidence towards deliverance. It is the proper training to acquire good character.

(e) Hajj : It is holy pilgrim to Mecca. A true Muslim should undertake pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in his life time.

(f) Other teachings: (i) Allah would reward a place in heaven to those who are faithful to their family, society, friends and Islam.

Allah will punish the sinners by sending them to hell. (ii) Prophet prohibits the gambling, drinking, adultery and use of pork. (iii) Islam preached equality and universal brotherhood. (iv) Quran advocates important moral values like respect for women, parents and kindness towards slaves

and animals. (v) Quran advocates respect to teachers and elders, protection of orphans. Polygamy, Divorce and widow

re-marriage are permitted. 5 26. The causes of the Geographical Explorations are given below: (a) Capture of Constantinople by the Turks : The trade route between the East and West (European countries)

was carried out through Constantinople. The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople. They closed the trade route and looted merchants. This forced the Europeans to find a new trade route to the East. The only possible such route was through the sea.

(b) Demand for Commodities : Asian commodities like spices-pepper, ginger, clove, cardamom, muslin, silk, pearls, ivory and precious stones were in great demand in Europe. It was a lucrative trade. Europeans were eager to improve their standard of living by earning more. This was possible by enlarging commercial contacts with the Eastern countries.

(c) Travellers Accounts : The Asian countries were very rich. European travellers visited them and gave glowing accounts of the fabulous wealth. They widely travelled in the East and West to Mongolia, India and China. Marco Polo gave a vivid account of geography, people’s wealth and trade routes. All these excited the desire of European merchants to visit these countries.

(d) Geographical Knowledge : The myths like the Earth was flat, the seas were filled with terrible monsters. The tropical portion of Africa was blazing and surrounded by boiling water, etc., were proved false with the new knowledge on Geography.

(e) Spread of Christianity : The kings, nobles and missionaries were very enthusiastic to spread Christianity in the new lands. Hence, the kings of Spain and Portugal encouraged explorations.

(f) Efforts of Prince Henry : The training school of navigation was started by Prince Henry of Portugal and it gave the necessary training to sailors, geographers, makers and ship builders.

(g) Other Causes : The invention of printing press, Mariner’s Compass, new maps and establishment of banks and joint stock companies also encouraged the navigators. Patronage by kings also went far in the field of geographical discoveries. 5

27. Results of the First World War as follows: (a) Millions of people died and many were wounded. (b) Women were forced to work in place of men, which ended the traditional barrier between men and women. (c) Many new states were setup on the ruins of old empires. (d) By the Treaty of Versailles Germany had to give up its territories and colonies, war indemnity was imposed

and military strength was reduced.

13Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC (e) Shortage of goods led to inflation. Nations imposed heavy taxes, price of the things became high. (f) Poland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia became independent after the war. (g) The most important constructive result of the war was the establishment of an international organization

called the League of Nations to preserve the world, peace by avoiding future wars. 28. The organs of the U.N.O. are: (a) General Assembly : It is an important organ of the UNO. It consists of all the countries as a member. All the

countries have one vote but can send a participant. The conference is held once in two years. (b) Security Council : It is one of the main organs of UNO which consists of 15 member countries. i.e. 10 non-

permanent countries and 5 permanent countries which are, USA, USSR, China, France and England. (c) Economic and Social Council : It consists of all the countries as members. Its work is to discuss about the

economic and social factors of the developing countries and to help the poor countries. (d) International Court of Justice : The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United

Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United States of America). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international laws, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

(e) Trusteeship Council : The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven member states, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the territories for self-government and independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence. The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.

5 29. Following were some important causes responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union: (a) There is no doubt that the internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions which failed to

meet the aspirations of the people were responsible for the collapse of the system. Economic stagnation for many years led to severe consumer shortage and a large section of Soviet Society began to doubt and question the system and to do so openly.

(b) The Soviet economy used much of its recourse in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system. This led to a huge economic burden that the system could not cope with.

(c) The common people of the USSR became more knowledgeable about the economic advancement of West. They could easily see the disparities between their system and the systems of the West.

(d) The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not accountable to the people. So the ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration.

(e) The most basic point was that when Gorbachev carried out his reforms and loosened the system, he set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and became virtually impossible to control.

(f) There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with his methods.

(g) Gorbachev lost support on all sides and divided public opinion. Even those who were with him became disillusioned as they felt that he did not adequately defend his own policies.

(h) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR. 5

30. Causes for the rise of the Non-Aligned movement are as follows: (a) Due to birth of nationalism many Asian, African and Latin American countries got independence and they

decided to remain independent of the power blocs. (b) Problems like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and over population were faced by the third world countries.

They wanted to find out the solution of their problems. (c) World peace was affected by the conflict between capitalist and communist blocs. Hence the Non-Aligned

Movement emerged to establish world peace. (d) The Non-Aligned countries came together to free themselves from the economic exploitation and dependence

on developed countries to achieve development. (e) The Non-Aligned countries came forward to oppose the two power blocs of the world. (f) The Panchsheel Principles of Nehru inspired the weaker countries to protect their freedom and existence. (g) Cold War started between the two power blocs. The NAM was needed to bring it under control. (h) Nehru, Nasser, Tito and Ahmad Sukrano played an important role in the NAM. (Any five) 5

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC14

SECTION-D IV. 31.

Babylonia New York

Jerusalem

Waterloo

Cape of Good Hope

London

Nagasaki

Moscow

(a) Babylonia : It is in Iraq. It was the capital of the Mesopotamia Civilization. Marduk Temple is also situated here. Nebuchadnezzar built the Hanging Garden.

(b) Jerusalem : It is in Israel. It is holy for Christians, Jews and Muslims. Jesus was born at Bethlehem in Jerusalem. (c) Cape of Good Hope : It is in South Africa. Bartholomew Diaz called it the “Cape of Storms”. Later Vasco- da-

Gama renamed it as the “Cape of Good Hope”. (d) London : It is the capital of UK. It was the main centre of Industrial Revolution. (e) Waterloo : It is in Belgium. In 1815, Napoleon fought his last battle here against the Allied Armies of Europe.

This is famous as “The Battle of Waterloo”. (f) Moscow : It is the capital of Russia. It was one of the centres of the Russian Revolution. (g) Nagasaki : It is in Japan. During the World War II America dropped an atomic bomb here on August 9, 1945.

As a result of this more than 70,000 people died. (h) New York : It is in USA. It was one of the colonies of the British. The headquarters of UNO is located here. (Any five) 1 × 5 = 5

SECTION-E V. 32. Roman Civilization gave remarkable contribution in many fields. Pax Romana (Roman Peace): The establishment of empire brought about great peace called Pax Romana, which

flourished trade and commerce and people had prosperous life. Roman Law: The most intellectual contributions of the Romans was the formation of a body of laws. Their system

of law enabled the Romans to maintain order over a vast empire. The first written code came in the form of the Twelve Tables in 150 BCE. The Roman law can be divided into two parts:

(i) The Jus-civilie law, which applied only to the Roman citizens. (ii) The Jus Gentium, which applied to foreigners in Rome and to those within the Roman lands, who were not

given citizenship. Writer Their work Cicero Prose works Catullus and Lucretius Poetry Virgil “Aeneid” Livy “Natural History”, “History of Rome” Tacitus Annals Pliny “Natural History” Marcus Aurelius “Meditation”

15Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC Science: Their contribution in science was very limited. They were the first to provide free medicines to poor

patients. Galen (130-200CE) the greatest physician was one of the first to discover the circulation of blood. Aretaeus was first to describe diabetes and diphtheria. Roman numerals I - X are still used today.

Art and architecture: The Romans were stupendous builders. Pompey’s Theatre (55 BCE) was a magnificent structure. Coliseum by Vespasian and Pantheon by Hadrian are most famous buildings. They invented concrete. Arch, domes, water system and roads are example of the Roman engineering.

The Romans developed sculpture and paintings. Much of their sculptures depicted emperors, placed in city squares as symbol of their authority and power. 10

33. Causes of Religious Reformation: These are as follows: (a) Religious Causes: The Church forgot the principles like simplicity and forgiveness of Jesus and practiced

many evils. Anger against these evils was one of the chief causes for the Reformation. (b) Influence of Renaissance: The Renaissance indirectly influenced reformation. It steadily raised a critical

spirit, individualism and freedom in thought and expression. (c) Political Cause: The Church interfered in the internal affairs of the state. This was disliked by the kings and

people. They tried to curb the power of the state. (d) Economic Cause: The Roman Church was very rich. The Church had authority to impose and collect taxes.

Pope ordered to collect money whenever he wanted to built or repair a Cathedral. The kings and the people burdened by the Church for its expenditure.

(e) Sale of Indulgence: Indulgence were letters of forgiveness issued in the name of Pope. It was propagated that any person including sinners and criminals, who will purchase the indulgence, would be exempted from punishments. This was immediate cause of the Reformation.

Results of the Religious Reformation are as follows: (a) Individual became free from blind faith and got intellectual freedom. (b) Teachings of Jesus and the Bible once again received importance. (c) The Christian religion was divided into two sects, the Catholics and the Protestant. (d) Weakened the power of Pope and strengthened nationalism and monarchs. (e) The Reformation encouraged literature in vernacular languages. (f) It resulted in much bloodshed, death and destruction. (g) Wealth of the Church was utilized for economic development. 10 34. Causes of French Revolution: (a) The Social cause: There was inequality in France during the rule of the Bourbon monarchy. The French

society was broadly divided into two classes. The privileged class and the unprivileged class. The privilege class consisted of the nobility and the Clergy. They did not pay taxes but they collected taxes like Tithe Taille and Gabelle. They owned large estates and other property and they lived in castles, cathedrals and palaces. The unprivileged class was consisting of the peasantry, serfs and free peasants. They paid taxes to the state, to the Church and to the feudal lords. They also had to render free services. The peasantry led a life of poverty, starvation and hunger, though they were the back bone of the economy. There was also a middle class like engineers, advocates, teachers, etc.

(b) The Financial cause : Under the Bourbon monarchy France suffered from severe financial problems. The wars of Louis XIV, the non-payment of taxes by the nobility and the Clergy and the luxuries of the Bourbon king made the treasury empty. The efforts of Finance Ministers like that of Turgot and Jacques failed. As a result Louis XVI summoned the Assembly of Notables, the Parliament of Paris and finally the Estates General in 1787. As the nobility and the Clergy refused to pay tax. The Third Estate declared itself as the National Assembly of France.

(c) Louis XIV and his successors : In the 17th and 18th century, France was ruled by the Bourbon dynasty. The king of the dynasty believed in the Divine Right Theory of Kingship. Thus they were autocrats. To this dynasty belong Louis XIV, XV, XVI. Louis XVI fought four wars and thereby drained all the financial resources of France and prepared the ground for the revolution. He was a despot. He said ‘I am the state’. Louis XV was inefficient and so was his successor Louis XVI. These kings were also known for a life of luxury.

(d) Administrative cause : The Bourbon monarchy’s administration was inefficient and lacking coordination. Too many laws were in operation like German Law, Roman Law and the French Law. There are several laws enforcing machineries like the Church, court, the State and the military court. Weights and measures differed. Several currencies were in circulation. The result was grave injustice being done to the commoners.

(e) Intellectual cause : The philosophers mentally prepared France for a revolution. Montesquieu, the author of the ‘’Sprit of laws’’, called for the supremacy of law and for a constitutional monarchy. Voltaire attacked the Church of France, customs and traditions. He advocated democracy. Rousseau the greatest philosopher advocated the ”Social Contract Theory”, according to which the government was to be a contract between the ruler and the ruled. Some economists like Quesnay, Mirabeau and Turgot through their writings influenced France. 10

35. The Italian Unification is known as the chain of political and military events that produced a united Italian peninsula under the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. These events can be broken down in five stages: Pre-Revolutionary, Revolutionary, Cavour’s Policy and the Role of Piedmont, Garibaldi’s Campaign in Southern Italy, and the creation of the Italian Kingdom.

(a) Pre-Revolutionary Phase: After the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleon Bonaparte’s second defeat, the major powers that has resisted met at a conference called the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In its negotiations, the congress returned domination of the Italian Peninsula to Austria. Austria now occupied Lombardy and Venice

Oswaal Karnataka PUE, Solved Paper - 2020, World History, I PUC16and had considerable influence on other Italian states. Some of the things that conflicted and interfered with the unification process were: Austrian control of Lombardy and Venice, several independent Italian states, the autonomy of the Papal States, and the limited power and influence of Italian leaders.

(b) Revolutionary Phase: During the first half of the 19th century, only aristocrats, intellectual, and upper middle class took the cause for unification. The masses showed no concern. However, the people with a passion for unification started to form secret societies, namely the Carbonari. Although at first, they only demanded more rights from their respective government, the cause began to grow. By 1820, the Carbonari were involved in numerous failed revolutions against the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, the Kingdom of Sardinia, Bolonga, and other Italian states. A series of uprising known as the Revolution of 1848 occurred throughout Europe including France, Germany, the Austrian Empire, and northern Italy. The revolution also occurred in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies where the king signed a constitution.

(c) Cavour’s Policy and the Role of Piedmont: After the numerous failed uprisings throughout Italy, Camillo di Cavour became the prime minister of the Piedmont (Kingdom of Sardinia) in 1852. By the use of bargaining, putting great powers against each other, war, and political cunning, Cavour was able to unite Italy in a short time. Although Piedmont was a small state, it had considerable influence due to its military strength, conservative philosophy, and admirable political leader. In addition, Victor Emmanuel II ruled in conjunction with a parliament, thus establishing a legitimate stable form of government and not giving cause to an internal revolution.

(d) Garibaldi’s Campaign in Southern Italy: In early 1860, he started to gather volunteers in Genoa for an expedition to Sicily. As Cavour neither opposed nor helped, thousands of soldiers from Romagna, Lombardy, and Venetia set sail for Sicily in May 1860. The Expedition of Soldiers, as it was called, was an instant hit with the public. The Kingdom of Two Sicilies had long been a corrupt government and now it was seeing its last days. Although the Garibaldi Red Shirts were less skilled and ill equipped, they were a tremendous success. They occupied Sicily within two months and already Garibaldi was setting his eyes on mainland Italy. However, after his declaration to advance to Rome, instead of stopping in Naples, Cavour became increasingly worried. Cavour encouraged riots and uprisings in the Papal States thus giving the Piedmontese troops a reason to come under the pretext of maintaining order. In 1860, two thirds of the Papal States joined Piedmont and Rome was left alone. On September 18, Garibaldi gave up command of his army and shook hands with Victor Emanuel II, signifying the unity and formation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

(e) Creation of the Italian Kingdom: Although a Kingdom of Italy had been formed, it did not include all of Italy. The missing parts were Rome and Venetia. Neither could be gained easily because Rome was under the protection of Napoleon III and French troops while Venetia was controlled by Austria and its troops. But an opportunity arrived and Venetia was annexed in 1866. That opportunity was the Seven Weeks’ War between Austria and Prussia. While Rome and the remaining Papal States remained unprotected, Italian troops marched in unopposed. In October 1870 Rome voted to join the union and in July 1871, it became the capital. The unification was a long and arduous process.

SECTION-F VI.

36. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru - Discovery of India

(b) Henry - School of Navigation

(c) Karl Marx - Das Capital

(d) Napoleon - Child of Revolution

(e) Lenin - New Economic Policy 1 × 5 = 5

37. (a) Evolution of Earth

(b) The 1st Olympic Sports

(c) Capture of Constantinople by Turks

(d) French Revolution

(e) Foundation of UNO 1 × 5 = 5

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