53

CHEMICAL STUl)IES ON MENTHA* I. O11 the ChellllCail COIILposltlOllS In the Plallt Of tlle

(Melltlla ArVellSls L "San-Bi" ' , .) alid tlle TrallS11luted "Aka-Kuki" **

by loru ~'AGASAW'A (~_r Osa~'nu SOGA

(Received Nov. 30 1956)

~~~1 ~~, r~~~J ,~O~~:~i~.-_ r~~~'~~. f.!~'C~)･f~~,--i----~"fJ_=",.~3~fr_+i"~):,L

I. IN TRODUCTION

The production of mint2) , which has been stood on the important position as the

Japanese useful agricultural harvest , is greater in Hokkaido then followed by Okayama

prefecture that is San-Bi districtsl). But in view of the point of quality the latter is

superior to the former3). Both species belong botanically to the Mentha arvensis , L.

(Japanese Mentha). After drying the harvested mint grasses the "Torioroshi-Oil" (Natural

Oil ) was manufactured by steam disti]lation and separated to the Menthol Cr ystals and

the Dementholized Oil. Both of which are purified as an article for export and the de-

mands in the land.

In Hokkaido , where harvested in large scal e , the cultivating area of mentha attained

maxirnurn over 20 thousands Cho , and produced I , 300 thousands Kin of Torioroshi-Oil in

the year 1937. However , we had about one thousands Cho of the area and 130 thousands

Kin of Torioroshi-Oil in Okayama prefecture on the same year. Contrary to the Okayama

district , which has thrice harvest times (June , August , and October), Hokkaido has only

the once crop ( September). That shows the climate of Okayama area gave a very good

* The outlines ~of thi~~ Pap~}r have been published 'as "CheulictLl Stud~es on Mint Plan;t". I and

I sep:xratety at the 17th meeting (at Matsue, Juty, 1955) of tbe Chu5"oku-~hikoku .Brancll

of the (;hemic'al Society of Japan an;d 'at the ,9th annual meetin5" (at Kyoto, April, 1956)

of the same society, respectively.

** "Sttn-Bi" is tl]e finest mint specibs (Mentha arvensis,L.) now cultivated trL Okayama prefec-

Transl~nuted "Aka-Kuki", is th~ wor~e Tnil~t .ever cultivated in the _ suburbs of Matsue city.

54

conditions for the cultivation of mint

their dry herbs are 1-2~~, but the

Hokkaido and San-Bi district are 5

As the yields of the natural

arnounts of the oil production

and 15-20 Km respectrvely

oils of Mentha upon

in one T, an both in

(May 6,L1956)

PhoLograph of the "Sau-Bi"

Since the Menthol Crystals and the Dementholized

taste and fragrance, they are used in the dental agent

materials. And they are used widely as in candies ,

tobacco, rr)edicines (especially stom. atics),

had hitherto satisfied almost the demands of the

of thinking, but the natural mint in Brazil has

and fundamental state. At the present , therefore,

natural mint are Japan, Brazil , and China

each other. Also the countries which have not

factured co~tnercially

to stand a~ainst nat~tral menthol.

It is important generally to increase the

with a great ambition, but rather derr~anded to

xnint oils with superior qualities. One of the authors,

during five years (194.9-1953) of his stay in

the m03t in:~POrtant cour'_ter-xneasure is to cultivate

studied on the progress and breecling of the superior

(Aug 15, 1956) (M. arvensis , I. . ), .

Oil hav~ an uncomparable coolirLg

on every day life as the nece3sary

liqueur , cooling drinks , chewingum ,

mentholaturn etc. The Japanese pepperxnint

world , the Chinese mint4) was out

appeared5) after the War 11 with steady

the main producing countries OE the

which became to a state of competition in

produce the natural mint have now manu-

synthetic" m~nthol and consequently the synthetic menthol has come

production of the Japanese mint to go abroad

produce menthol crystals and pepper-

T. Nagasawa 2,90,91,9',93,95 97,93,9q,34)

O'._Kaya;ma prefecture, thought severely that

the good species of Mentha and bas

Japanese mentha in cooperation with

55

E Nasu6) a specral en*omeer of Okayama prefecture, both H. Inoue41,42,44)and S. Cham:ura

48,49,'-,0,~i) , engineers of the Okayama 'Agricultural Experinlent Station, and Prof. N. Iker_ia

7,4~,46,47) of OkaV_ an~a Unive,rsity. At last we have percieved and excluded the worse Inint

(as Dog-xnint and Horse-mint)20,21'22,34) which spread over the fi~ld after the War , and we

- the finest species that has ever have found 'GBenl Hakka" (CI Irn~on Mentha) 94 'D'(,,"7,"8) of

seen before and we named It the "San B1""9 ,o) ( 1953). The species "San-Bi" has excellent

points as much yield in productio'l:L~94,25,26) of herbs and oils stout to ' sickness , aiLd the

highest contel':t of crystal leeelethol without bitter tastel4,27,28) .

The mentha species hitherto have been cul.tivated in Okayama prefecture are"Aka-Kuki"

(Red-Stem),_ - "Ao~~uk-i" (Green-Steln), and "Shiro-Hana" (White-Flo~e~), ' but now the

"San-Bi" (Three-Beauty) has came as the representing species with superior qual.itics , ' It

was cul.tivated in 195'4 as in the TABLE 1. And it was iriterchanged to spread- over on o.' vulo

of the 'n~entha of I , OOO Cho in Okayama prefecture

TABLE I Cultrvation Area of Okayarna-Mint(1954)30)

S pecies

** Area.(cho) .Rat io( ;;t"~ )

Aka-Kuki

359 . 83

71

San-Bi *

69 . 33

14

Ao-Kuki

42 . 16

8

Others

34 . 46

7

Total

505 . 78

l OO

* San B1 m Okaya]na prefecture ha,~ been expanded to above 80~: of the whole area of

nlentha this year(1956).

** I cho:=2,45 acre.

On the constituents of the Japanese n~int oils , Becl.(ett and Wright ( 1876)8) have found

originally 1-12eelet/rrol as a crystal rr~atter , Moriya(1881)9) , then , detected 11'1enthone. After

thern , Murayaxna ( 1910)10) found !-lignonene so the main constituents of the mint oil seern

to Decome known already. Moreover, Shinosaki- Nagasawail'i2), and Tanakal3) investigated

snnultaneously the mint oils io. details. Hen_ce the studies on th:e utilization of xnint oils

by Shinosal(_i-Nagasawal6), Hayashi]7) , and It018,19) are expanded for ' the contribution to

establish tl".e Japan.ese peppermint industry.

Lookin_g a*aain for the Japanese Mentha , every n~~mt species were bred each other severelv

m or der to wilderness by defeat of the War we have found "Uma Hakka" ( Horse-mint)

'") besides "Inu Hakka" (Dog mmt)6,21) as a bad species and studied the ~nethods of rapid

distinguishrnent o_f mint species21,25) , and Nagas~;wa percieved the relative viscosity rrlethod

22,23) and color test84) as invaluable for the diagnosis of the natural oil. Here we would cite

the data of newly found "San B1" by Nagasawa""9) and Chan)u a24.26) in the following

tables (TABLE 2-6)

56

TABLE2． Growtb　of　Mint　Species　and　tl〕e　Oi1Yie1ds（1952）29）

Time　of　CropOil　Yie1ds（upo口Dry　Herbs，％）

（Yθa・。Mo軸h）Sap－Bi A畑一Kπld A〇一Kuki Shiro－H如a

1952．6 O．76 O．74 O．47 O．73

＊　　1952．8 1．58 1．49 一．］2 コ．66

1952．1O 1．34 1．41 1．OO 1．39

＊　　　］Ma・x．　oi1　yie1a　on　A11g11。飢．

　　　　TABLE3．Re1伽on　of　Growtb　of　M1nt　and　MenthoレContent， in　the　OiI29）

Ti・蝸of　C・opF干・・M・姉h・1（％）

（Ye・r，lMo耐h）S仰一Bi Aka－Kuki ムO－Kuki Shiro－H狐a

1952．6 81．3 74．9 76．5 73．7

1952．8 83．6 77．2 77．6 78．3

＊　1952．10 86．1 80．8 78．7 80．3

＊　lMe口thol　conte鮎s加tbe　Toriom8hi－Oi1（Original　Oiユ）i皿cre舶e　with　n■aturity．

　　　　TABLE4．Propert1es　of　Every　Mlmt011s（2nd　Cωp）帥

OiI　Yied8 ＊ ＊＊

d葦5 　25nDη25 皿M

C・ys枇I一

Sp㏄1鍋 （toDryHerbs） FM M帥tb01（％） （％） （％） （％）

！！s汕．Bi 1．6 O．896 1．461 17．4 2．2 83．6 64

A畑一K11ki 1．4～2．4 O．895～897 工．460～1．461 9．9～13．3 3．O～7．1 73．2～79．4 49～59

Ao－Kuki O．7～1．7 O．895，889 1，460～1．462 10．6～13．3 3．4～6．6 75．8～80．6 50～58

Shiro－Ha蝸 1．6～2．4 O．895～896 1，460～1．461 11．2～13．1 3．6～6．6 77．3～79．6 54～59

＊

＊＊

！！

＝El】M【＝＝．Ester　皿1e皿尤ho1。

．FM＝＝Free　m1e凪tho互。

S狐一Bih・sth・high・飢・・nt・nt・fCry・帆トM帥tl・oI汕dals・肚ehig11est7a1uein

R創at肘eyiscosity．

TABLE5．　Co独P舳soΩof　EveIy㎜mt　lProductsエn　One　Tan29）＊＊＊

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（Cu1tiv航e（1at　Kurash｛ki－Bunjo）

A∀erage Crolps　of

Fre曲1Herb Torioroshi一 Cry榊L Cry航aLC剛cd。．to

Species （K柳）！ Oi1（Ki口）1 M釧tboI MenthoI S帆ndard Ratio＊＊（％） （Kin）

Oiユ（K加）

＊San．Bi 785 15．5 65 1O．0 17・8 144

Aka－Kuki 512 11．7 56 6．5 12．4 100

Ao－K111d 658 lO．3 52 5．4 10．5 85

Shiro－Han．a 450 ユ1．0 57 6．3 H．8 95

Ho1ζushin 530 8．4 56 4．7 8．9 72

57

*

**

*** t.

!!

Inclicates the San;-Bi is the best species , which produces 25 Kil~ bf T.orioroshi Oil

(ori~･ilaal oil) mlder good conditions.

Aka Kukl Is the stax~dard MrrLt hltherLo in Japan.

ITala = 0.245 ~cre

IKan :=: 3.75 Kg

IKir~ - 0.6 Kg

TABLE 6. Exammation at Kurashiki-Bunj6 (4 Tsubo - Cultivation) ~"" * 24)

肘esh　Herb！

1、。、1。、。、、、。、、

Oi1YieIdムYerage

Dry　He・b cry航．（Dec．）

Sp㏄ies（M0叩肚e） （MO叩1e） （Mon肚e） （％） Me口thO1

ROOt－StOCkS

（％）（MOnn1e）

＊Sa凪一Bi 10，O08　　　　　　2．430　　　　　　　33．O 1．35 65 1．730

Aka－Kuki 6．541　　　　　　　　1．782　　　　　　　　22．3 1．25 57 338

~k, The San Bl has very nluoh yreld conrpared vith Aka-Kuki,

five tinres nrore in root-stocks than the latter on Decenrber.

** ITsubo = 0.000816 acre

! IMonme ::=: S.75 g

especially the fortner has

The constants of the essential oil of G'San-Bi"

d425 O . 8956

nD25 1 . 46 1 2

~25 1 7 . 4

Coc)D 45.40 F . P . 20 . 2'C

Ester Menthol 2 . 2~

Free Menthol 83 . 6 ~6

Menthone 5 . O ~6 Ur]saturated Ketone 1.4~~

by Nagasawa's report29), are as follows : -

Shin)izu33) has investigated recently micro quantitative analysis of mint oils by the

polarographic method which seemed to be promising

On the other hand , in Hokkaido , the main district of northern region of Japan , the

Mentha has been Improved by many researchers long befo e Krtamura3]) and others have

endevoured to find good species that "Aka-Maru"->"Kitami-Shiroke"-> "Hoku-Shin" ( 1938 ) ,

and Kasano et al. 32,43) have found recentl y( 1952) a good species , which nan~ed "Man-Yo"

of rich oil yields by the artificial breeding. Oil yields of thetn are in the TABLE 7.

58

TABLE 7. Mint Species in Hold*･aid031,32)

YieH虹丁仰 I口Torioroshi〇三1

Sp㏄i鯛肘㈱h　Herb Torioroshi　Oi1

Cry帥aゼMentho1　　●

FlM（k岬） （kan） （％） （％）

Ak孔一Mam‘ 422 O．763 46 72．9

Hokll－Shin 655 1．209 59 80．3

＊M汕一YO 951 2．コ00 62 78．8

* Man-yo has two tlnres of yield over Aka-Maru, and produced 17.5 Kin; of Torioroshi-Oil

which contained above 60~6 Crystal-Mehthol.

Thus we see the ~"reat developJnent of l'nirLt in Hokkaido.

We have comn~enced this research as one corner of the studies on the progress of Japa-

nese Genus Mentha29) , and for investigating the chemical change of the plant substances

on relation to the formation of the essential oils during the growth of Mentha. These

chemical studies , therefore , would be continued hereafter. We investigated in this report

the chemical change in each plant position at one season (3rd. crop) of two species of

Mentha.

ll. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE RESEARCH

Mentha gerrninates from the root-stocks early in the spring and passing the n)aximum

period of the summer (August) to with.er before the fall of the frost. To study the seaso-

nal biological change of mint grass , we took five portions equally divided along with the

length of the stem.

As the growth of mint finishes in one year , we made atternpt to compare the rapid

growth of the bamboo. One of the writers (Nagasawa)36) has ever investigated the bio-

chemical studies of the bamboo with a guidance of late Dr. Prof. Komatsu. We have

known the following fact in the bamboo that th.e total ash , nit7'ogen , and alcohol-soluble

substances were increased similarly to the upper positions from the ground as 1. 42-2. 59~~,

O. 26 -, O. 60~~ , and 4. 09-8. 80~~ , respective].y. The total redu;cing sugars and cellulose,

on the contrary, were decreased along with the hight as 2. 37-1. 17~ ; and 54. 3-50. 610/0 ,

respectively. Tanaka3) had reported in his study of bamboo shoot the same results that

both ash and nitrogen were increased to tbe top as 7. 32 - 12. 88~~; ; and 2. 72-5. 78~~ ,

respectivel y , and t,he total redegcing sebgars and cellttlose ¥vere decreased inversely as

16. 6->9. 9~ ; and 29. 6->8. 5~~ , respectively. In other words, it has confirmed that ash

and proteins were fornled much in the upper young portions of rapid growing bamboo

59

but sllgars were stocked rich in the lower matured part.

We have obtained the similar results in this research of mentha. The chief engineer

Fukushima37,38) in Kurashiki Branch of Okayama Agricultural Experiment Station has

investigated on the essential oil related to the growth of ~nint , by the suggestion of

Nagasawa, with micro-distillation wich brought very interesting results as in the

TABLE 8. Thus we see the maxirnurn oil yield in the upper youngest developed leaf,

and decreasing to the lower old leaf. This shows that the formation of the essential oill5)

be commenced even at the young shoots.

TABLE 8. Oil yields in the Leaf position of Aka-Maru (81Vlll)38)

(Oil contents in the Leaf)

Oi1yie1ds（％）＊ Leaf　po餉tion

UpO口F醐h工峨f Upo皿Dry　Leaf

UpPer （1） 1．68 7．18

（2） 1．72 8．27

（3） 1．37 5．26

（4） ］．20 4．37

I．0Wer （5） 0．61 2．20

* (1) is the. top of the stenl and the young leaves are not yet developed.

(2) is the first pair of the developed leaves.

Miyake and Ishizuka39,40), on the other hand , harvested the "Kitanai-Akamaru" to mea-

sure the growth of each in the intervals of 10 days. They have improved that t.he weight

of fresh herbs, mint oil , and menthol crystals , and oil yield are all increasing with

growth , attaining to the maximurn at full bloolcn and then to the lowering of the yield

with the lapse of mature.

Sam ples

We studied the chemical compositions in each position of the plants to investigate the

biochemical change of the mentha. The samples used in this research are (A) "San-Bi"

whose rootstocks were presented froxn Okaya~na Agricultural Experirnent Station and culti-

vated at Matsue city, and(B)"Interchanged Aka-Kuki" (we shall call it "Aka-Hen" hereafter)

which had been transported here few years ago from Okayama prefecture.

The "San-Bi" has a remarkable character of generating the prominent purple colors of

anthocyane along wrth the young leaves on the month of May(FIG. 1. )28)

60

(d) '(:iicneral forlll of a Plant (a) ~_~oung Leaves at thc"rop

in thc' Upper P,･Lrt (May 15th,1953) (Sept . Ilth , 1 953)

l ,7

/ ' (c) Bending For]n of a Leaf (S._.'ept . Iltll , 1 953)

(e) J30tanical l~~onn

(~el~'t.llth , 1953)

_ .' (1953) * l~ IG .1 . Elnerb"'encc of Pigments and Botan]cal 140nns of "San; Bl"

* l~~roln thc' Koryo No 29 18-30 (1954)

(Sk-'eLched by -Nagasawa.)

Also the stem is colored purple and the leaves are g**nerally dark green which can be

seen from fair distance. The "Aka-Hen' ' , on' the other hand , has a pale violet green stem

- ' is , in general , thick and stout but that with pale green leaves. A sten~ of the "San B1"

of "Aka Hen" Is thin and tends to extend I apldly We can scent strongly the fragrance 0L

pnent/･rol fronl the forn~er , but weak and queer odor in the latter. The attaching of the

leaves is more con~pact in the former than the latter.

61

We cut the both species of mentha (A and B) at 10-11 o'clock on Oct. 20th,1954 (3rd

crop). After weighing the fresh herbs we divided them to five equal portions along with

their length from bot.tom to the top (l-V) and separated the leaves frorn each stem

The states of their growing are showed in the TABLE 9 and the FIG. 2.

TABLE 9 State of Mint in

Fresh Herbs

this

( '_O

Rese arch

Stems )

( Oct. 20 , 1954 )

Average A v. no. Total IJeaf Sterll Rat io Av. S~)ecies

l,ength Leaf-S ingle

weight Wt . wt . IJe.af: Stem Weight (crn . ) K nots ( .) g ( .) a ~~

(g . ) (g . )

* San-Bi 52 . 8 ll.O 143 90 53 1.7 : 1 7.2

A kalHen 22 . 7 l0.0 1 28 83 45 l.8:1 6.4

* San-Bi Is m better states of growth than A ka-Hen .

TABLE 10. Essential Oil Yield in Leaf-position (upon Dry Leaf)

Pos it ion San-B i (~6) Aka-Hen (~~;)

(Lower) I

ll~ ,,,

I ,,1

El

2 . 88 o . 45

nu:

3.15 o . 90

( Upper) v

5 . 83 1. IS

M ean 5 . 29 o . 83

N.B. The oil yield is rich in upper leaves.

SalcL-Bi has the oil yield of four times to A ka-Hen .

As the results of the ~nicrodistillations in TABLE 10, we percieved the oil yield of the

"San-Bi" is greater four tin~Les that of the "Aka-Hen" and botb the upper leaves have a

higher oil yield

Comparing A(San-Bi) with B (Aka-Hen), both cultivated experimentally in the field

of the Shimane University ( 1956), we have the following results (TABLE Il, 12).

62

v

ml

S:

O .H ~ ~a ~ .~ O ~l

I

I

LecLf

enl

~-~ " V ~'~ <~ ~. ~:~~~ ~r

_~_l~~~ ~~

~~1~ <<~(~.-_~ .'_~¥-

~7-IL

I

TABLE 11.

O 10 20 50

.B~rG.2. Weights

"San -Bi f '

Properties of

(Cultivated at

40 50 60 70 80 90 -Wei~*ht (g . )

of leaf and stenl at each position of

(Dry wei**hts of_ 270 herbs)

Mint Oil from San-Bi

Shimane Univ. , 1956)

OiI　yie岨（％）

Th皿e　of　Crop 暗　25皿D 2

5η

〔α〕豊 皿M FMOn　Fresh On　Dry （％） （％）

Herb 1日erb

1956．㎜．20（皿） O．57 2．27 O．8942 1．4626 14．46 ・40．3o 1．63 79．65

1956．X．22（亙） O．33 1．37 O．8944 1．4623 14．47 一42．9o 0．80 8工．29

EM =Ester M enthol

FM =Free Menthol

TABLE 12. Properties of Mint Oil

(Cultivated at Shimane Univ.

from Aka-Hen

, 1956)

Oil　Yie岨（％）

Time　of　Orop○皿Fr錦h ○皿Dry

a15 　蛎凪I） 25η

〔α塘

lHerb lHerb

工956．W．4（I） O．03 O．22 一1．4862

一一17．4o

＊1956．㎜．20（皿） O．08 O．26 O．9139 コ．4869 2．42 一13．7o

1956．X．22（皿） O．06 0．24 O．8957 1．4842一

一30．0o

* The Oil of I was analyzed27) as fbllows : Ester MGnthol 7.96~~ ; Free ~!lenthol 16.24~6.

Jndgin:g from these data, as (1) Iower oil yield, (2) Iarger in refractive index (n), (3)

lower in relative viscosity (~), and (4) nulch less in free Inenthol , we think this ranl.-,

A ka-J-len, Lo be quite abnormal ones. We regard it has transfornled to bad rank. Thus we

have found tkLe retarding of Mo,ntha in Shiltl"Ine Pre,fe,cture.

63

We conf._irrrLed that A sl-_Gwed good results (oil yield , 2;~0~/ ; f'lee enenthol , 80/0,u'o') of

"San-Bi" as in Okayama and B , on the con~Itrary, was inferior (oil yield. O. 210,~o ;

menthol, 16~) to Dog-mint near] y.

the '

free

Surmmary of the Research

We have acknowledged in this research a remarkable differences in the chemical compo-

nents between the "San-Bi", good species , and "Aka Hen" worse specres The "San Bl"

contained much more quantities of essential oils and leeenthol cl'ystals than those of the

"Aka-H:en". The leitrogenotts compo~tlids are particularly much in the former ( TABLE

16), but the carbohydrates contained greater in the latter ( TABLE 15), that indicates the

deep relation with the formation of 'essential oils. Also it may be attentive that the "San-

Bi" absorbed much quantities of the nutrition (TABLE 13,14).

TABLE 1 3. _ Contents of Inorganic Substances (upon water-free basis , ~~ )

Sa皿・Bi ムka．．He皿

Averれ9eConte皿ts Le耐 sten1 Leaf Ste帆

Tot飢蝸h コ4．37 10．56 14．04 9．1O

P205 1．68 O．79 2．04 1．21

K20 4．49 3．09 4．22 2．73

CaO 5，33 2．］O 5．04 0．33

MgO O．31 O．45 0．27 0．33

S03 2．32 0．82 2．44 1．22

Si02 O．98 O．26 0．90 O．17

TABLE 14. Contents of Organic Substances (upon water-free basis , ~~)

Aマ6rages汕一’Bi ムka－Hθn

C（）軸entsLeaF Sユem I．eaf Stenユ

C肌b・hyd・・te 9．62 26．11 ］4．70 33．23

PrO工ei皿 23．08 7．78 17．24 5．60

．F乱t 6．13 1．21 5．40 0．91

Ceuπ工ose 15．5 27．3 12．9 24．2

We sunxrnarized our preliminary studies as follows : -

1 ) Judgmg fronl largel content of ash m the "San Bl" ( 14 4 oo' ) than in the "Aka-Hen"

( 14~), we see much absorption of the nutritive elements in the former. And it is

supposed to increase the quantity of the essential oils in the herb by catching nutrition

64

(TABLE 11, 12, 13; FIG. 3).

~ V ~' SIQ?

~ Sl O O

t

20

15

lO

5

4

3

2

o

S'5trt-8i (A'A') ASh{ O Ak'~- Hen (8. 13' O ~~ :~~~~~:¥~BA 8¥'_____¥_g~~~

O _1 o /~ / ol /

o l o'~, /

o ol / / / / / / / / / Ai.po/ ep'a'JD/

O-'P__dd'a S,a't- ai (c. cl)

o-- . JV 4k.'L -Hen (D. i):)~)

IP A

A// _/X

C A IX X

a _ "'p'p d~~ .-- ~ D' A

. A--- - - ~ ~ ~ . ~-~ ~:'P ~ ~, - ---- -----)(~-

x x I

~

~

~l

l~'rG.5. Total _N itrogc'n and Ash in

"San-Biff and ffAka-He*nf'

(r~~ull lines: IJc'af; Broken lines:

v

St em )

f~ 1.4 ¥~r~. ~ s; 1.2 4'

~ s:

Oo 1.0

t 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

O

KIO (A..A/) o¥_8, o

Ce~O ('8. B') ¥¥o o /~ o¥.O A' _1) P c'~P'~~ " ~

jo

- ~' / /

o'- ~ / ~Ql -JQ~ 9f ~

B' d~L

SiOa (C C ) C

rl30 (P. 1)') a

/X - - J( - ~ D/ _x-//" A /

x--~~ / x x I) A _ ___ _ __ --~~~ ~*

Cl

I

I

~

,tlr(~.4. Ash content in ffSf:Ln-Biff

(K20. OaO,S~09_ , M~O)

~l

V

6

5

4

f, ~~ 3v ~ Si

2~' ~ l U*~

Ot

2) The fact that the ash contained

much ( 15. 210,~(o ) in the upper positi-

on of the stem means the necessity

of much nutritives for the sake of

the lively split of cells at the tip

0L the stem. To have a larger quan-

tity of ash (16. 6f/o) in the lower

leaves than the upper ones seems to

deposit the nutritives in the ~na-

tured leaves. Especially the influ-

ence of Si02. CaO, and K2 O are

great (FIG. 4).

3) It is said that the s~t*oars and

starch are increased with an addition

of phosphoric acid , but proteins

are decreasing. Conl:paring the "San-

B1" rich in nitrogen (3. 6p,'/o ) and

proteins (23;~~0.~), with the "Aka-Hen",

wealthy in s~bgars ( 14. 710,~(o ) and

phosphoric acid (2. O~), we recog-

nized very interesting fact in the

chenlistry of plant life. It is deli-

ghtful that we know the acidic ox'i-

des as P._Os and SOs are contain_ed

more in the "Aka- Hen" (2. O ; 2. 4

lop'/) than "San-Bi", but the alkaline

oxides (K."O, 4. 5 ; CaO, 5. 3~) are

rich in the latter (TABLE 13,14 ;

FIG. 5 ).

4) Viewing to the state of sbsorpti-

on of the nourishment we can divide

it three groups of K20 - CaO ;

N P20. S03 ' and M*oO-Si02 si,mi-

lar to riceplant.

b~5

3

2

r~ ~' ~' ~ qQ,

~ Fl ~ tl

Sa n- B~ {

P205 AKeL-Hert (A. A')

(~. g,

S'L'I - Bi ' SO Akct-f4erL (~"D') . )( 3

p

C A .pP08 /,/X/o 81 o o

IA ll ll

o~ ~l~l o ll ~ Cl il f ll /

yo / ~'p d/d/p/ J"/__ ~ A'

di~~/ lo / .:5 xo 4~- ~''' c.

A '~/ P nl

p~, _d P'I d' Ao~rd

o I

l~r(1'f . 5 .

I ~ ~l

Ash conte*nt in f'S(In-Bif/

frAka-Henff (P205 , S03)

'an d

V

5 4 3 2

o

'~ ~~35

,' ~ 30

* '~o 25

O t 20

15

10

5

O

Es5entiaL Oi L e;L

S(~lrL- j ocl~o o/'/

AkeL- Hen R o-/~o'--P

S(Ln- Bi (A' Al) f

StAga/ AKa-uerL(8, 8')

Sa7t-Bi (c, cl) t

Protefn Aka-He~(~)7)LD)

~ Q~ o- ~

e f

~'~

I

h" r(~r* . 6 .

I

M

lu

V

Sugar , Protein , and Essential

Oll m ffS m-Bi// and //Aka-Henp

5) The order of the each content in the plant was nearly as the following :-

Ca0> N>K,_. 0> S03> p20s> Si02> M*oO (TABLE 13 , 16).

6) The contents of the essentral culs are abundant m the upper leaves the "San B1" was

above the twlce the "Aka Hen" (TABLE 10, 11 , 12 ; FIG. 6)

7) The carbohyd/'ates contained rrLore in the "Aka-Hen" ( 14. 7~) than the "San-Bi"

(9. 6.q･o'), which predominate in the upper leaves (11.4~) and middle sterrls (28. 1~).

The redetcing svt*aars are contained rich in the upper positions (5. 7 ; 6. 8~) of both

leaves and stems. Non-redu:cing s~tgars of the leaf are much somewhat in the young part

(1.4;~oo/), and those of the stern are abundant in the middle part (17. 5~~). Sta/'ch con-

tained much in the middle part of both leaves and stems (5. 4 ; 8. Op,~40 ) of which more in

the stcrns than the leaves. Both redetcing s~lgars and non-redl'tcing s~tgars exist more in

the stexns than the leaves ( TABLE 15; FIG. 7).

TABLE 15. Contents in Carbohydrates (upon water-free basis,lo/o )

A∀舳geS汕一Bi ムka岨凹

Co皿te姉s Leaf SteI11 Leaf s｛en1

Tot孔1Su酔r 9．61 26．l1 14．70 33．23

So1ub1e　S11gar 4．95 20．40 1O．71 25．41

．Redl1c加g　Sl1gar 3．86 5．81 7．96 9．22

Nlルred．Sugar 1．10 14．60 2．76 ヱ6．19

S帆rch 4．66 5．78 3．99 7．82

s

66

8) The nitrogenous compovtnds , contrary to carbohydrates contamed rlch m the "San

B1" (3 60.0') (TABLE 16). Both the proteino~ts and sol~lble nitrogen predominated at the

pomt of g[owth (upper parts) especrally m the leaf (3 3 1 llo,~~0 ) (TABLE 21 ; FIG. 8).

25

~ ~~ v 20 *sl ~ Oo t 15

10

5

o

Ql

Al

/

/

/

/

f !)¥

l ~ a / ~~

/

SoL.-Su9ar (~.A')

fted.-SLL3ar (8. B')

Non - Teet . -Su3ar (C. C')

~ , q~ A ~o~ ~"~ - ~0

~ a C' ~

~A

IA o ~' - o --- ~__.. o - ~/~ o-/;~ o

-o

o o:l o--~o c I A a

d~

I

I

H

Inr

FrG.7. Sugar content iil //San-Biv

v

3

2

f' ~ ~J ~ S: e,

~; rll HC>

O tO

0.10

o . 08

O . 06

o . 04

O . 02

Prote i rt - N-(A , A'; ~o SoL. -N (3. 8') o-/ro A

o

l~~ dO Ot ' A db.Pc'1'Od' IB l c' e' Oo'ploloDaoO(- //O ' -110 OIP 'd ap ap l~' O IPo91"9$ 910 1lp'Q

.~ ~~1)A:

A-l

I

I

M

ml

V

FrG~.8. Nitrogen content in //San-Bif/

TABLE 16 Contents m N1 rogen (upon water-free basis , ~)

Av㈱geS汕一Bi 1 Aka．．H則

Co軸則ts Le耐 stc肌 I．6孔ε st引皿

To把トN 3．66 1．24 2．76 0．89

PrOtein－N 3．OO 0．8コ 2．39 0．56

SoI11b1e－N O．69 O．22 O．36 0．工9

NH3－N 0．08 一 O．05 ’

9) The fat is abundant in the lower leaves (7. I f<~~0 ) and in the upper stems ( 1. 77~ool),

more in the leaf (6. 1~) than the stem ( 1. 2~) (TABLE 14 ; FIG. 9).

and

67

10) The celluIOSe is defficient in the

O_ CeLLLLLOse upper younger leaf and stern ( 12 ; 19 30 - ~ o*

~~* ~~) of the plant increasing With the O_*LT' Ste'll

r~20 *~~~*~~o growth ( 18; 35~~) (FIG. 9). o-~o ivL Le~f ~ ･ 11) In general, the proteiuS (23~:) ¥¥o ~v ¥¥.O P~edominated in the leaves but the ~

* s: o 10

O carbohydrates (26~) Were rich in St(trch (A. A' T FaLt (a. L3/) the stenls (TABLE 14 ; FIG. 6).

8･ JO 6 ~~e o lo /

_~-'=/ o o ~¥A ol-4 0~ _ _ o -~~o --o/

2 -=0- - -- -o o-_ B/ ___J~l---~ ~ O

~ ~ ml l~rr(~;.9. Starch , h~at, and Oellulose in f/~~*tLn-Birr

~. EXPERIMENTAL PART

(1) Sample: The divided leaves and stel'ns are dried ancl powdered to I Inln-lll("sh i~~r the> analyses

(TABLE 9;FrG.2).

(2) Analyses of Inorganic Components : 'i'he inorg'anio analyses were In',tinl~.' re.+'erred to Okuda' s

nlethod52).

1 . Ash : About 2 g. of the sanrple was t'aken to the porcelain crucible and heated with a g'as bur-

ner to carbonlze It then lgnlted in the electric nruffled furnace at 50000 t'or 5 hours to tho constant

weight.

2. CompoBaents of ashes : Si02 in ash was separated at first as usual, and the filtrate' and the

washings are gatherc'd to a 100cc. -solution from which we took each certain vohllne for mc'~Lsure

the followin~~(' components : - P205 was analyzed from 2 cc. of the sohltion w itb a volul'netric me-

thod of Inolybdenic acid, 2 cc. with potassium permanganate volumetric method for CaO , 10 cc. with

Hexyl 2s"ravmletnc method for K O lO-20cc. w ith phosphoric acid .gravil'ne'tric nlethod excludin~~

calci'um for MgO, and S-lOcc. with barium chronrate color method for S03. 'The~e re'sults are

shown in the followiug 'l'ABLES 17 and 18

68

TABLE17． Contents　of　Ashes（A）一San－Bi（On　Dry　Basis，％）

POSitiOn Tot虹Ash P205 K20 CaO MgO S03 Si02

I ］6．46一 ｝ 一 ｝ 一 一

I 15．62 一 一 一 一 一 一I．eaf 皿 コ4．5工 コ．53 4．70 5．72 0．28 2．14 1．41

皿 13．5工 1．59 4．51 5．37 0．34 2．36 0．89

Y 11．60 1．92 3．97 4．90 O．30 2．47 O．64

＿／lけ 6．21 0．57 2．43 1．28 O．32 O．25 O．20

7．69 0．68 2．85 1．73 0．39 0．73 0．20

10．02 0．92 3．30 2。工8 0．5工 0．80 O．24

13．70 1．01 3．79 3．19 O．57 1．48 0．41

15．22一 一 一 ｝ ｝ 一一

TABLE18 Contents　of　Ashes（B）＿Ak乳一Hen（0n　dIy　bas1s，％）

Position Tota1ash ．P205 K20 C二しO MgO S03 Si02

…、／1甘 工7．03｝ 一 一 ｝ 一 一

コ4．93一 一 一 一 一 一

13．82 1．94 4．39 5．19 O．30 2．46 1．35

工3．11 2．05 4．34 5．62 O．31 2．34 O．82

1l．33 2．ユ4 3．93 4．32 0．20 2．51 0．53

I 5．69 O．80 2．43 O．24 0．24 O．79 O．13

皿 5．72 0．93 2．27 O．26 O．26 O．95 O。］4

st帥1 皿 7．41 1．22 2．71 0．34 O．34 1．24 0．18

皿 1工．53 1．9ユ 3．50 O．48 O．48 1．90 0．22

V 15．ユ2一 】 一 ｝ 一 一

（3）A胴咀y8es　of　Orga胴云c　Co㎜po鵬姻杜♂）

1．Ca油◎hyd㈹童艶：The帥nipユe　of0．5g．　with　50cc．of　water汕1d－2cc．of30％’一∫〃ψ〃北α6〃were

hydroIyzed2ho11蝸on　the　wa・ter1肌th・人fter　thg　hyd二roIysis　it　was11e11traIyzed　with3g％一∫o”τ〃

乃y∂γo〃∂3so1ution，　jiuerea言帆d　washed．to　the　100　cc＿sol11貨o：n　from　which　we　took20cc．for

ハ1ea－suring‘he肥必κ加g　舳g〃∫（ε咄g4〃60∫θ）with　Bertra皿d，sヱi1ethod．

　　　Ch㊥触ヨca聰㈹＆cセ壷o鵬　童醐遇e耐胸胴d胴晒出od．

　　　　　　正｛OHO＋2Cu（OH）2二〇l120＋RO02H＋2I｛20・・・・……・……・……・………・…・……・・…（i）

　　　　　　C1120＋Fe2（S04）3＋H2S〇一＝　20uS04＋2b［eS04＋　H20　……………・・・……………（ii）

　　　　　　10＾S04＋2KMn04＋8H2S04＝15止【02（S04）3＋2MmS04＋　K2S04＋8H20・……・・（iii）

　　　　　　2K．M工〕04＋5地0204＋3H2S04：1CO02＋2MnS04＋K2S04＋8H20……”・……（iy）

69

Reagents:- (a) Copper Sulfate Solution. 40 ~~'of pure copper sulfate (CuS04.51120) was dis-

solved 'in distilled ¥'vater and l'nade ul･~. to one l. sohrtion.

(b) Alkaline Rochelle Solution. 200 g.of Kalium sodium tartrate and 150 g. of sodium hydroxide

were dissotved in water to one l. solution.

(c) Ferric Sulfate So~ution . 50 g.of fen'ic sulfate and 200 g . of concentnlted s'ulfuric acid were

clissolved in water to one l. solution.

(d) Potassium Permanganate Solution. The one ' llter solu tlon of 5 .~"'of potassiu7n permanganate

was ,'.'Lood ior 2 or 7 days and filtered through .~~lass filter //17(_~'3//, then pre'served in the colorecl

bottle. 'i]he concentriLtion of KIV~ln04 w'as determinod with oxalic acid (equ'ation (iv)). 'l'haL is, one

nlole of the oxalic acid corresponds to 2Cu. The quantity of Cu (nrg.) correspondin.~" to I cc. of

Kh=･fn04_solntion is, therefore, obtLLined from the follow in~~" fornulla (v).

Wei~('ht of oxalic acid t･aken (g.) 2 Ou Ou(Ing.) = >

< ' Titr.Ltion volullle of 1'~Mn04-sol. (cc. ) ........(v) J~J202V4.2},120 ･･･-

[(_~;~T.B.) I cc. of KM;n04-solution corresponds to 10 nrg. of Cu]

Manipulatiorh of Analysis:-To the 200 cc.-Erlenmeyer f[asl.'-(A) poured 20 cc. of the sugar solu-

Lton (whlch contLm~,. 20-80 Ing oi 7educrng sugars) wlth a pl~~ette and dded ao.E~a]n each 20 cc. of

copper sulfate solution (a) and Rochelle salt s6hltion (b). Then T,1eatcd on wire gauze to boiling

gf_mt,Iy i'or 3 l'nim]tes and decanted to the glass filter //15AG*-4// attachecl to the ~¥'itt's filter bottle

by slow suction. Ag:lin washed the fl'ask (A) with 50 cc. of hot water Lncl dec nted a,. rbove

After repc'itting the dec'antatior~ the receiver wa,'.' ch'anged with the fon'ne'r ilaFik(A). 'l~hen poured 2Dcc.

of ferl'ic sulfate soh･Ltion (c) into the filter .at 3 or 4 tilne,~ to clissolve the' p-recipitibtc's o".' cupl'ous oxide

ancl iiltered ancl washed conlpletely agaln nl;to the tlask (A) with a little hot w Lte'r lor sever L1

times. Thc' filtered solution in; the flask was titr'ated to the pink color w=th potassiu7n pe

* rtnanganate solution (d) after the shaking.

If x(In:~~･) be the quantity of Cu ila 20dc, of the sugar solution,

then we have x = a.b (nrg.)

where, a : quantity of C･u(mg.) per lcc. of KMn04 solutron

b titratlon no (cc.) of KMnO~-solution.

~¥'e can find the quantity. of glucose (y nrg.), corre8ponding to x mg of C･u u,'.'n~~,b Bertr 'nd s

table, thus the sugar ill the sanrple (100cc.) to be 5y (nlg.).

2. Reducing su:gar and Non-reducing sugar : The reducing sugar in thc' solution for the soluble nitrogen

(see 'after) w'as analyzed as above, and, on the other hand, the total soluble sugars were obtained

from ICcc. of the filtrate after the hydrolysis on the water bath with 2cc. of 30~~-sulfuric acid f'or 2

h our',~ . The quantity of the non-reducing sugar was calcul'ated by the difference iirom the total soluble

sugars to the soluble reducing sugar.

3. Starch : The starch was c'alculated as glucose by the difl~rc>nce fronl the total sugars to the soluble

s'ugars. Thc*se re~ults are *','ho~vn In the T ABLES 19 and 20

70

TABLE 19. Contents of Carbohydrates (A) San-Bi (on dry basis , .o,~;:e2 )

POSitiOnTOt肌1

SoL　S1lga・ Bed．S11gar NO叫rea．s11gar Sug町

S帆rch

1 一 一 一 ｝ 一皿 8．64 3．58 2．70 0．88 5．06

I・㈹f　皿 9．14 3．79 3．07 O．72 5．35

皿 9．30 5．29 3．95 1．34 4．01

Y H．36 7．14 5．70 1．44 4．22

I 23．85 18．99 5．88 13．12 4．86

皿 27．30 23．14 5．65 17．49 4．16

Ste肌　皿 28．09 20．10 4．9コ 15．19 7．99

皿 25．20 ］9．08 6．79 12．59 5．82

Y ｝ 一 一 一 一

TABLE 20. Contents of Carbohydrates (B) Ak'a Hen (on dry basrs, olo )

POSitiOn Tota1Sηgar SOl．Sugar Red．Sn酔r NO岨ea．Sug町 Starch

I 一 一 一 一 一皿 12．34 8．19 6．23 1．91 4．15

I。（汎f 皿 ］2．50 8．80 6．53 2．27 3．7011皿

16．05 工1．16 8．81 2．35 4．89

Y コ7．91 14．7コ 1O．22 4．49 3．20

I 31。ユ7 24．23 7．9ユ 16．32 6．94

皿 33．42 27．42 7．30 20．12 6．00Sten1 皿 35．61 25．96 9．48 16．48 9．65

皿 32．70 24．02 12．19 11．83 8．68

Y 一 一 ｝ 一 一

4.Total nitrogen: We used the' modi._i(~d f'olnimicro K,jeldr,hl method61) of total nitrogen as the

follow ingo' : _

Manipulation. Tal-'¥c O.Sg.of the s:')]ll)le, 3g.of the digestion accelenLtor (ccpper sulfate : potas-

siu,m su,Ifale = I : 9), and 5cc. of concentrate'd sulfuric acid into the di*g'e8tion flask (70cc.). The

mixture w ."~s heirted slowly to decoJnposc to dark-brow n -> orange-brown -> clear pale yellow ish

green cotor '.-Ifte>r half an hollr The hc',~tm(,b' was contmued SO mllo;utes more to digest conrpletely

(The decolnposed v tpors ot sulfurlc actd ¥vere escLped to the runnlng w Lter throu*gh the fulne pipe

of glass attached to an aspir.Ltor.)

The digc'sted liquid was coolecl and dil'tlt(･d with a little water and 'transfon'ned to the 100cc.-mess-

'l' Lk( f¥ cc (.{yene'r 1ly 10-20cc.) from the above licluid into the distillin~"_ flask flask to the mark . .t *

and added ~O~:-NaOH 80~ution (.'~r._)out 15-2Scc.) to strong alk.aline nlixtu]c'. rThen distillt,d with

steam the almnoma evolved m ste Lm w Ls rbsorbed m a cc. of N/50-H2S04 . A-f'ter thd distillation w'.'.s

over ( Lbout 8 nnntltes) th(.･ exc'('ss sulfurlc acld w.'s tltr Lted to nelltr tl with b cc. of N/lOO-NaOH

71

solntion when boiled for l-3 Ininute ancl in the hot st･.~tc' in p-rt,sc'nce of tnethyl red as an indic'ator.

If a cc. of NISO-H2SO~ corresponds to d cc. of N/100-NaOH, and x (nrga.) be the quantity of

nitrogen psr lcc, of N/lOO-NaOH, ¥'ve have the next relation : -

Nitrogen in .A cc. =x(d _ b) nrg.

where x Inay bc' calculatc'd from thc' follow ing two equations (i,ii) as O. 140 m,ha.

H2S04 + 2NaOH = Na2S04 + 2H20 ････････････(i)

H2S04 + 2_NH3 = (NH4)2S04"""""" """"'(.ii)

(N B We prepared the N /50-H2S04 soh･ttion by titration in hot sttLte ~v it,h a stand:trd solutron

of N/5D-Na2C03 1lsinga methyl red as an indicator.) '

5. Proteins: It is obtained from the total nitrogen nuiltiplied w ith 6.25 (tl]e average' content of

nitrogen in proteins is 16~6).

6. Soluble nitrogen : ~Veigh 5~g'. of the s'anlplc' to the 250cc.-me~s-'fl'asl." and 'added 80cc. of distilled

watc'r, lOcc. of I ~~~-sodit.1ln tungstate, and 10cc. of 2/3N-H~SO~. After st･and over ni~o'ht we l'n'ade it to

250cc. 'and filtered. ~¥'e used the definite volmlle(25 or 50cc.)of the filt,rate for the soluble nitro~aen

by Kjelda'hl's method.

7. Proteinous nitrogen : ~¥'e calcul'.rted the difference from total nitrog."en to sol'uble nitrogen.

8. Ammoniacal nitrogen : We used the de!inite volunre of the filtrate for analyzing soluble nitrogen

through Folin' s aer.ation method58) (,FI(~f.10).

E

~~

F

B

1,

C .

A

I)

o ooo

~~

A : Dil H9S04 B Sanrple sohltlon O Nornl LI LCld

D Safety bottle E Pinch cock .F , (jful'll plate

.L~'r(1'.10. App'aratus for Alnnloni'a aeration method

'l' Lkrng lOcc of the filtrLte mto the cllstilling tube B (2 5X20cm ) wlth 1-2 drops of phenolphth-

alein solution and dik~Ped in the water b'ath at 40-5000. 'l'he absorbing tube O, in which the liquid

1'.ryer waS nlade up to 5 Gnl. by 'adding 3cc. of N/50-H_･SO~ and 10Gc. of, wlLter, was connectcd to B.

luto the lrguld m B whlch we suokmg gently wlth asplrLtor we added O 5cc. of a reag(,nt (lO

72

..*".of :1-nhydrous sodiu,m carbonate, 15 g'.of' potassitf,7n o.,calate, and dis_tilled w'ater to 'the 100cc.

solution) to w eak alkaline sttLte. Then suoked it f･aintly f'or S nlinutes and again strongly. At last *

it was clistilled in vacmlm 'ibr 3 minutes af'ter shutting: with the pinchcock E, ancl the liberated

ammonia was absorbed w ith the standard sulfuric acid in the tube C. 'l'he tinre of aeration is

ell~ough f'or 30 Ininutes. il]he contents of the absorption tube O was transt'onned to the 200cc.-

Erlenlneyer flask ･and tiLratecl as usual i?or the nitrogen with N/100-NaOH solution usin~:,_, methyl

red ･as an indicator. The results arc shown il~ the 'l]ABI.E~~ 21 tnd 22

TABLE 21. Contents of Nitrogen Compounds (A) San B1 (on dry basls ~~)

POSitiOn TO側一N PrOte虹一N So1．一N N，H3－N

…、／lけ 一 一 一 ｝2．910 2．513 O．397 0．037

3．528 3．014 O．514 0．065

3．98］ 3．192 O．789 O．ユO1

4．353 3．281 1．072 O．109

I O．757 O．584 O．173 □一

皿 O．866 0．643 0．223一

Stem　1皿 1．047 O．808 O．239一

皿 1．458 1．217 O．241一

V 2．089一 一 一

TABLE 22 Contents of Nrtrogen Compounds(B) Aka-Hen (on dry basis,~~)

POSitiOn Tota1－N PrOtein．N So1．。N NlH3瓜

I 一 一 一 一］1二

2．175 1．994 O．181 O．O19

I。帆f 皿 2．445 2．204 O．241 O．058

皿 2．976 2．544 O．432 O．062

V 3．433 2．828 0．605 O．078

、一／1甘 O．567 O．431 0．】36一

O．641 0．450 O．一96一

0．763 O．557 O，206一

O．998 0．789 O．209一

1．511一 一 一

9. Fat : 2-3 g.of the' sanrple waLr, e,xtnLcted with the Soxhlet extractor usintbo' ether as a

was roquired 16 hr8. : I a,ves, and 8 hrs. : ste]ns) ('11ABLE 23,24).

lO Cellulose Bor th( ul ly~5ls oL cellulose'd"') t)y the Or,oss-Bevan's method we took

ether insoluble residue. ¥,¥'e adoPted Do._ re s' Lpp 'rrtus. The sa]nple was tlken to the

solvont (it

1 -2

(r~~ las s

g. of

f ilte'r

7 i)'

c'l(1'3" (which pre-weig'hed) and washed with distilled w'ater, then chlorinated (chlori,ne was evolved

from KMnOi and HCl) throutgh the covering.' funnel . The flow of the chlorine was ad,juste,d for con-

stant bubble nunrbers of 15D-180 per nlfnute. After the chlorin'ation for 20 nlinutes, it was washed

w ith hot water and renloved again tbe chlorine with 2~6-sodium s'u,Ifite solution. Transforming, then

the contents in the filter to the 300cc. Erlenmeyer flask with 100-120cc. of 3~6_sodiu,m su,Ifite

solution., and boiled for 15 minutes.

By repeating the trc'-Ltments wrth washing, chlorin'ation, and sodiu'u sulfite digestion, the saurple

becanle nearly white. This white substance was bleached with 20cc. of 0.1~6-KMn04 solutiol~

and w:tshed with sulfite solution, and again with the large qua.ntity of hot water (over 2 Iiters). It

was washed to the' Iast wrth 95~6 ethanol Ind dned at i05'O to the const Lnt ¥velght (ef A O.A.C.

Inethod5~) ) These results are shown m the followrng lIABLE,'~e; 23 and 24.

TABLE 23. Contents of Olb'7amc Substances (A) San B1 (on dry basls 7~ool)

止OSitiOn C∬b・hyd・・te PrOtei皿 Fat Ceu11Iose一1 一 一 7．09 ｝

8．64 18．19 5．86 18．2

9．14 22．06 6．24 工7．1

9．34 24．88 5．76 14．3

1l．06 27．19 5．ρg 12．3

I 23．85 4．75 O．78 34．7

皿 27．30 5．38 O．67 3］．O

Ste㎜　皿 28．09 6．56 1．26 27．ユ

皿 25．20 9．13 1．66 24．2

Y 一 13．06 1．67 19．6

TABLE 24 Contents of Orgamc Substances (B) Aka-Hen (on dry basls,.o/o )

PO釧iO凪 C・rbohyd胞te hOte加 肋t Cθuu1o帥

…、／1甘 一 ｝ 一 一12．34 13．63 5．79 16．O

12．50 15．25 5．56 14．216．05 18．63 4．94 工1．3

17．91 21・44 5．30 10．0

I 31．17 3．56 O．48 30．7

I 33．42 4．OO O．70 28．9

Stem 皿 35．61 4．75 O．64 24．2］皿 32．70 6．25 0．99 20．2

V 一 9．44 1．75 16．8

74

REFERENCES

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　GENE1Rム。LS

l）S．工dhimura，T．Otsuki：　“O11Iti▽a．tio110ザMenth．a”（工946）．

2）　『二I二1．Nagasawa：“Science（）r〕Mentha”　（1950）．

3）Okay伽na　Prefect．Agr．Ex’P」．Sta．tion：‘‘Ouエユi惚tion　oグMe1皿北a　ana　Ma・m1胞cture　oNhe　Oi1”

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（工95工）．

4）Japan闘e皿xpor工i：ng　Agric1lIt11ra1Products　Oo．：‘40n肚e　Oh．i皿ese　Mi皿t，，（且942）。

5）T．Nag蝸awa：Peppermint　in　Brazi1，（1）～（2）．（丁伽榔ヴ0尾仰α㎜α■g7．Eκが．8肋．，No．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　401．　4361～4369；4377＾ゴ4384　（ユ953））。

6）1一．Nasu：O砒e　of此e　Jap抑o船Mint　ana　Dog－mint．（Rφ〃B〃〃．0肋γα舳α■9γ．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1～φo〃〃，　工τo．　21，　1O～14　（1950））．

7）工τ．　1lked沁：“Mint＿f）yre此．n1n1Serie島”（1952）。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　COMPONENTS　OF　THE　ESSEN珊AL　O皿LS

8）（壬．H：．B・・k鮒，A．W・i．hい6・th・皿鯛・・tilllOi1・・fJ榊・㈱Mi・・．（∫．0．8．，1，3（1876））．

9）M．lMoriya：O皿比e　Spirit　of　Mi皿t．（∫・0加肌・806・ro為ツo．2，105～124（1881））・

1O）Y．Mτ1rayan岨：On　the　Oonstituents　of　Japanese　lM虹己Oi1．（∫．Pゐ鮒刎・806・1φ伽，幽，］41～144

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（1910）；∫．α舳・8…r・紗・・3211089（1911））・

11）E　Sh1no帆k1，T．N。しga帥wa　Rese，rch鵠on肚e　Ja．Pan闘e　Peplpem1mt　Ol1s（皿）・（一Rφ玄．0∫α戻α

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　〃ψ．〃．R舳κH倣・，工O（4），1～］OO（1929）；∫・8…α舳・”リα卿，

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　32，　577～582（1929））．

12）E．Sh．i皿o晩ki，T．Nag鴻awa．：Rese鮒dhes　on工he　Ja’Pa川錦e　peppermin三〇ils（皿）．（R吻τ．0∫α肋

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　肋ク・〃．R㈱肋伽．，lo（5），1～60（1929）；∫・8・㌫α肌〃・．1α卿，32

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　582～587　（］929））．

ユ3）S．丁汕ak肌：O1n工he　Oo蝸t汕1eωs　or　Deme軸h（l1i鵬d　Oi1・　（∫・0加〃2・806・∫αμ〃，50，546～552

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（ユ929））．

14）　T．Naga帆wa　：On．the　E闘enti肌工Oiヱof　“Be皿i士〔akka”　（‘‘S汕・Bi，，）．（Pπb嚇hed，at－he　16此

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　meeting（at，F11k，ly2m1肌，lM［肌y　6工h，工955）of工he　Ohπgoku－Shi1（ok1l　Bra皿ch　or肚e

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ohemic星し工S（）ci軌y　of　Japan．）

15）Y．Fuji帆：Biogenesis　of　J呈Ψ岨蝸e　lMint　Oi1．（Rθμ・86づ・8oo・∫％伽，10（1）。91～95（］935））．

16）E．Shin（）帥ki，T．N～しg呈L舳wa，A．M汎1くi皿o：R蝸earches　on　the　Japanese　Pe・PPermi皿t　Oils（皿）．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（Rθが．0∫α肋〃ゆ．11〃．一R鮒ακゐ伽並．，7（15），1～26（1927））．

17）　K．H汎y1帽hi：On　the　N汕urM　Mint　O胴．（一Rφf・Ho触α〃o肋∂．Eκμ．Lαろ．，87（1943））．

18）　M．I＝to　：Stud．ics　on　tho　W1int　（皿～11皿）．　（1モθ少f・　11o后戻α｛∂o1売∂・17κカτ．1二αろ．，107，　1～11　（1951））．

・19）M．rto：Stl1d．i蝸on　the　Mint（Y～W）．（Rθμ．Ho触α〃o〃∂．Eκμ．Lαろ．，皿刎，1～］2（1956））．

75

PLANT SPECIES

20) 'l].N.ag'asawa : A 'llre~tlse on "rnu H Il+kn" . - -' (Dr),g"*Itlint). (Rapid Bu,ll. Okaya,na A,gr. Refo,'rn,

No. 16 (19SO)).

21) 'l* Nagasawa On the Pro~~ress of Jap-','ulese (~femls ~/lenthiL (1). (K07yo No 13 17-19 (1950))

22) T Nagas~wa On the Progrpss ot Jap mese C:(enus Mcnth L (1). K:oryo, No. 14, 29-31 (1951))

23) T I~Tao~asa~v L On the Pro~~*ress of .Japanese (i(enus Mentha (M). (Kloryo,l~o. 17, 43-46 (1951)).

, . (Okayama 24) S.Oh,alnura : OhrLracter~* of the New Mmt Specle8 "Benl K~ukl" (telnpor lry n une)

Agr. Refor7u, No. 57(8) , 64(1953)).

- -,. . (Okaya7na Agr. Refo;In No 59 24-31 (1953)) 25) 'r. .NagasiLwa : A Tre;Ltl~'L* on "B~nl H Lkk.L"

26) ~5 Oh Inmr L rntroducm~ t'ne New Mmt ~~)ecl('s "Benl I¥ul~i". (Ti;nes of Oka_va'ma Agr.

E.xt)t. Sta., No. 405, 4435-4437(1953)).

27) T . N'ag,astLwa : On the Pro".ress or .J.lp Lnese (1enus ' , Montha (~l). (Special B'ull. , Okayarna

4gr E,rpt Sta., No. 48, l-26 (195)')).

28) T . I~:iLgas~Lwa : O_ n the' 'eBenl H.tkk t" (Ko, vo r~:o 29 18-30(1954))

29) 'r ._NiLgilsawtL : On the ~)rogre,'.'s of .Japanese (~enus ~/lenth'."I ( V). (Special B'ull. , Oka_va",na

Agr. E.,rpt. Sta. , N0.50,1-)'4(1954)).

30) Y . Il-ehata : C1 Itiv"Ition of ~)'ul Bi" (The nc'w fine lllh t) (Ti7'res of Okaya71la Agr Expt. + * * I * c+~+. _ _ I . . * . . Sta., No. 422, 4683-4686 (1954))

31) T.1,~' it:uluu'a, l'i . Shichiji : The Chr~riLcters (-)f "H,~)1cu-Shin" (The new fine lllint). (Hokwao, 5

(9) , 374-376 (1938)).

32) H I¥'.tsano et tl 'l'he Oh ~r Lctels or '(Man-Y(-)" (The' new fine, Inint). (Flokuno, 20 (4),

85-9D (1953)).

33) S.~~_'hilnizu : Studies on Microdeter]llination c'f thc Oonstituonts of Pep}~0,rlnint Oil. (Rept.

Sh.inshu. Univ No 4 291-322(1954))

34) T._Na.~"asawa : Stuclies on the Discrilnination of Mentha (1). (Published at the Okayalna

nleetin~" (Okay. ilma , Sept. 24th , 1955) of the Chu~~ol~-u.-Sl]ik-oku Branch of

the Che]nical Society of Jal-)aT~.).

GROWTH

35) C.T,'Ln'aka : Chelllical Developlllell~t in the (~'rowth of Balnboo Shoots (1). (J~iochemical

Studies on the' Bamboo. r . ) . (Amtiversar'v Tlolume dedicated to Mas'umi

Chikashige (1930), p. 139-148).

36) T .Nagas,Lwa : Sc'-Isonal ¥7ariatiol~~s in the Chelnic:LI Colnpositio_.ns of th(_,} MadrLk"e (Phyllosta-

clzys quilioi. F. M .). (Biochenlicitl Studies on the J3a]llboo. ~1.).

(Amtiversary ~･'olu,me dedicated to fl/Ias'u'ni Chikashige (1930), p. 183-193)

37) O1.ayallla Prel~"' Agr. I{',xpt. Station; : The R(~sults of .-"xallllnatlon or Mlnt (1937)

38) Y L{ukushl,na : On the Bi0,~~enetic S_'tudies of Pepperlnint Oil.

76

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（P肌0γ・ク跳8・・。仰α・，皿且（1），147～164（1939））。

39）K・Miy；工ke，YJshizuk3：Stπd．ieso凪the　Nutritio蝋1Physio1ogyofM虹t　PIa皿t（I）．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（1・跳8α．1肋伽〃θ，∫α卿，ユ2（4），374～394（1938））．

40）K・Miy糺ke，Y・rshizuka：Studi蝸on　the　Nutritio皿a工PhysioIogy　of　Mi姉P1仰t（皿）．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（∫・航8・〃肌伽〃θ，∫αカ伽，12（6）、541～566（1938））．

41）K・・蝸hiki（加．Ag・．賊・m賑pt．S㈱i・口：Th・．R■・舳・・fEx舳in・ti・皿・flMin1（脳9）．

42）K11r蝸hiki　Br側ch　o60kayan1乳Agr．週xl）t．Stalio：n：The　Rθsu胸oF　E則肌imt三〇n　of　Mint（工95ユ）。

43）H・kk1舳Ag・・E・pt・S榊i・・：Th・R舳1t・・fE醐・i卿ti…川i皿t（胴）．

44）H・I口o11el　S・Oh伽mra：On　the　Oro鯛虹9虹Jap仰e舶PepPerm1虹t（I～皿）．（Pγ06，070ρ8砿．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　8…、∫αカ伽，2工（3～4），309～3103u～312（1952））。

45）N・〔ked・a・T・Ogo：Stud、三鵠（）f　M虹t　Breeaing（I）．（8カθ6αZ励〃．，0肋ツ”ηα■鮒．Eゆf．8肋．，

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　工To．　49，　69～74　（工954））．

46）N・工ked・a・S・Ud・o：Studi蝸of　Mint－Breeding（皿）．（8〇三．Rθμ．ハαα41妙ψ■g7．0肋γα閉α

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ひ加．，N・．4，43～49（1954））．

47）N・工k・a肌，T・K・ni舳：St1・di…fMi鮎B…di㎎（皿）．（8・ξ．助1．肋α伽呼伽．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0々αγα吻αo加あ．，No．5，］～9（1954））．

48）S・Oha〕11ura：O皿the　APPeara凪ce　a凪a　Growth（）ポMint　U1ユaergr（川：nd．Rootst（）cks．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（8少θ6ケα1B7〃．，0肋γα閉αノgγ．Eゆエ．8如．，No．52］25～142（1955））。

49）S　Oh・1川1ula　　Stηd1es　of　the　M1n工Seed11口蝸r↓1sed　by　SeIf皿ert1I1zat1on　（8カθαα1B〃〃　，

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0肋γα閉α■gγ．Eκμ．8肱．，No．53，155～168（1955））．

50）s・0h・川1ura・：Propag孔tion　of　Mint　by　ontting。（P’・06・oγoカ86・806．．1αカα〃，23（3），205

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（＝1955））。

51）S．Oh孔mura：Studie80f　the　M汕uri口g　P1肌皿s　for　SuccossiyG　Oropping　oF　Min，t．（P700．0グoク

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　駄8・・．∫α卿，24（1），48～50（1955））．

52）H・Olζud，a・　‘‘Exper1肚ents1n　P1仰t　Nutr1tlo皿a皿d－Phys1o1ogy1，（且953）．

53）A．Fujiw岨a，K．Ohira，S．Nari帆：Stud，ies　on　the　Nitrogen　Nutritio皿or　Orops（I～皿）．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（∫・8・タ．8・〃吻舳κ，∫φα・，22，91～96；97～102（1952））．

54）G．Ton1od．牝，K．Kud，o，Y．丁汕1nki：‘．皿xperiI1咄口的on　Oarbohydrates，，（1955）．

55）Tokyo　U1ユ肘・，I」肌b．Agr．OheI11istry：“皿xperil11ents（）n　AgricuItur～工10he111istry’，，　皿（1952）．

56）T．Nag批h～πa，S．rwao：“Food　AnlユIysis，，（ユ955）．

57）J　Bon皿er　“PIant　B1ochej111飢ry”（且950）

58）H・kk孔id・U1・i・．，エハb．P1汕tPhysi・1・gy：‘‘一P帆cti・・inP1汕tPhysi・1・gy”（1954）。

59）S．Ko111肌tsu，T．Suzuki：On　the　Growユh　oF　Rice．Pllmt．（Rθμ．86ξ．8oo．，∫ゆ伽，14（2），

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　333～336　（1939））．

60）　T．Sπzuki　：Biochen1ic：し1Studies（）n　the（｛rowth　oF　th．e　Rice－P1a1nt　（皿1～皿I）．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（■舳〃ZRθμ．〃’θP砂．醐む。，1V砿1，8・5．，ユ（3），195～214；215～240（1954））．

61）S．Nishig肌ki，lM．Shibπya：On工he　Seハ1in1ヨc1’o　Am1ysis　of　Nitrogen　or　the　Orop。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（I）ub1湘hed　twice　at　the　n1ecting　of　the　Scientific　Soil　lMa1nπre　oF　J肌p＾口，

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1951＿12　and．工952＿4。）．