i. introduction to the eucharist (ccc...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
I.INTRODUCTIONTOTHEEUCHARIST(CCC1322-1419)
“We have come here to meet with the Heart of Jesus, pierced for us. Here we find the open fountain from which flow rivers of living water; here
we find love and redeeming power.” (JPII, June 1, 1980)
“It is necessary for the salvation of society to propagate the Eucharistic Reign of Christ. The Eucharist is the life of the individual and of all nations. We know well that an era of history prospers or denigrates itself in accordance to its devotion to the Holy Eucharist. It is the life and the fountain of its faith, its charity and its holiness. The Eucharist is essential for our personal lives and for the life of society because it is the
very life of the world.” (Saint Peter Julian Eymard)
A.TheSourceandSummit
• TheEucharististhe“sourceandsummit”oftheChristianlife.o Source–everythingwehavecomefromtheEucharistbecauseitisChristhimself.Itisthesourceof
grace.o Summit–itisthe“summit”orthemountaintopofallthatweseek,sinceitisChristhimself.Thereis
nothinggreatertoreachoranythinghighertoclimb.o TheEucharistisuniqueinthatitdoesnotsimplygivegrace,butitisJesusHimself.
• Alltheothersacraments,ministries,andworksareboundupwiththeEucharistandorientedtowardit.(CCC1325)
o AllotherSacramentsleadtotheEucharist.o AllworksoftheChurchleadtotheEucharist.
• IntheMass(thecelebrationoftheEucharist)andEucharisticAdorationweareunitedwithheaven.• "IfsoulsbutunderstoodtheTreasuretheypossessintheDivineEucharist,itwouldbenecessarytoencirclethe
tabernacleswiththestrongestrampartsfor,inthedeliriumofadevouringandholyhunger,theywouldpressforwardthemselvestofeedontheBreadofAngels.TheChurcheswouldoverflowwithadorersconsumedwithlovefortheDivineprisonernolessbynightthanbyday."(Bl.DinaBelanger)
• "TrustallthingstoJesusintheBlessedSacramentandtoMaryHelpofChristiansandyouwillseewhatmiraclesare."-St.JohnBosco
B.SacramentofCommunionandPresence
• Godwantstobewithus….o HeisnotadistantGodthatlooksdownfromonhightothelittlecreaturesrunningaroundherebelow.
Helovesusandwantstobewithus,amongus.§ Hedidthisfirstbybecomingman,bylivingwithusasanotherhumanbeing.§ Butitdoesn’tendthere.HestayedwithushereintheEucharist.Heisalwaysfullyandtotally
presenthereonearth–Body,Blood,Soul,andDivinity.o Matthew28:20–“Behold,Iamwithyoualways,evenuntiltheendoftheage.”
§ TheseareJesus’lastpromisetous.§ HowdoesHefulfillit?IntheEucharist.
• "Thisisthewonderfultruth,mydearfriends:theWord,whichbecamefleshtwothousandyearsago,ispresenttodayintheEucharist.”(St.JohnPaulII)
![Page 2: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
II.OLDTESTAMENTSCRIPTUREANDTHEEUCHARIST
A.Genesis22:1-18–AbrahamandIsaac
• AbrahamandthesacrificeofIsaac.
ParallelsbetweenAbraham/IsaacandFather/JesusABRAHAMANDISAAC GODTHEFATHERANDJESUS
Abrahamgoestosacrificehisonlyson,whomheloves
TheFathersacrificeshisfirstbornbelovedSon,whomheloves
GodasksAbrahamforatotalholocaustofhisson.
HolocaustofJesusiscompleteandtotal
Isaaccarriesthewoodonhisback Jesuscarriesthewoodofthecrossonhisback
IsaaccallsAbraham,‘myfather’ Jesus,intheGardenofGethsemanecallsJesus,“Father”
Isaacwillinglyofferedhimselfasasacrificeinobediencetohisfather.
JesuswillinglyofferedhimselfasasacrificeinobediencetohisFather
Isaacservesasapriest(onewhoofferssacrifice)andthevictim
Jesusservesasapriest(onewhoofferssacrifice)andthevictim
Isaacisbounduponthewood Jesusisnailed(bound)tothewoodThejourneyis3days–Thisisthe“passion”ofAbraham,knowingwhatistocome,thathewilllosehisson.
Jesusisdeadfor3days–the“passion”oftheFather,inwhichHe“loses”hisSon.
v.5–Itisanactofworship Christ’ssacrificeisanactofworshipofGodtheFather.
Godprovidedalambfortheholocaust.Abrahamnamestheplace“Godwillprovide”(v.14)
GodprovidedaLamb(Jesus)fortheholocaust
Theram’sheadwascaughtinthethornbush JesusworeacrownofthornsonhisheadAlambwasslain TheLambofGodwasslainIsaaclaidontopofthewood JesuslaidontopofthewoodoftheCrossAbrahamdidnotwithholdhisson GoddidnotwithholdhisSonThistookplaceontheMt.Moriah;thisbecomesthesightofthefutureTempleinJerusalem(2Chron3:1-2)
CalvaryinJerusalem(whereJesuswascrucified)isonMt.Moriah.
ThroughthedescendantsofAbraham,alloftheworldwillbeblessed.
ThroughJesus,allthefamiliesoftheworldareblessed.
• WhywouldGoddothis?WhywouldGoddemandthistypeofsacrificefromAbraham?Itisscandalousrequest
ofGod.ItseemsthatGodisplayingwithAbraham.§ HeisputtingAbraham’sfaithtothetest,givingupthethinghelovesthemosttoGod.
• Thisexplanationisnotenough.
![Page 3: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
§ Thisisapre-enactmentofCalvary.ThisiswhatGodtheFatherwasgoingtodowithJesus.HeneededamaninAbrahamwithsuchgreatfaithtopre-enactwhatwouldonedayactuallyhappenwithJesus.
B.Exodus12:1-14,21-24,29-30–ThePassover
ParallelsbetweenthePassoverandtheLastSupper/CrucifixionTHEPASSOVER LASTSUPPER/CRUCIFIXION
TheangelofdeathslaysallthefirstborninEgyptexceptthosecoveredbythebloodoftheLamb.
TheangelofDeath(Satan)seekstokillus,whoareGod’schildren,unlesswearecoveredbythesavingBloodofChrist.
TheBloodoftheLambsaves ThebloodofJesussavesusLambhadtobewithoutblemish Jesuswaswithoutblemish(sin)A1year-oldmaleinprimeoflife Jesus:33yearsoldistheprimeoflife
Keptuntilthefourteenthdayofthemonth(Passover)
JesuswaskilledonthefeastofPassover.ThePassoverlambswerekilledatthesametimeasthecrucifixion.(Luke22:7-13)
Bloodisputonthedoorpostsandlintelsofthedoorofthehome(shapeofcross).Aswell,thisservesasapublicwitnessofbeingaJew.
BloodofChristonthewoodofthecrosssavesourhome(ofourbody).WearecalledtopublicallymakesignofcrossasawitnesstoourChristianfaith.
Killedintheevening Killedintheevening(3pm)Lambcouldhavenobonesbroken Theydidnotbreakhisbones(John19:31-
36)Lambmustbekilledandtheflesheatenwithbread
Jesuswassacrificedandfleshiseatenintheformofbread
Feasthadtobecelebratedperpetuallyeveryyear
FeastcontinuestodaythroughtheMass
WerememberbecauseofwhattheLorddidfor‘me’onthisday.EveryJewishparticipantwastoseeandrememberwhattheLorddidpersonallyforthem.
WerememberwhattheLorddidpersonallyfor‘me’inthesacrificeoftheCross.
• WhatistheroleofthelambduringthePassover?(Ex12:1-13)
o Thebloodwasasign;whentheangeloftheLordcamethatnight,hewastopassoverthehomeswherehesawthebloodofthePassoverlamb.
o TheBloodofthePassoverlambwasasignofthetrueLambofGodyettocome,Jesus.o IfwehavebeenwashedwiththebloodoftheLambofGod,whotakesawaythesinsoftheworld,we
toowillbesafefromthedeathofthesoul.C.Isaiah52:13-53:12–the“SufferingServant”
• ThepersondescribedinthispassagefromIsaiahhasbeennamed“thesufferingservant.”Itdescribesapersonwhowouldtakeuponhimselfthesinsofmany,inordertoredeemhispeople.
o Hewillbringgoodtidings,peace,salvationo Hewillbeliftedup,despised,woundedforourtransgressions,anofferingforoursin,andwillbearour
iniquities.o HeisdescribedasaLamb(53:7)
• ThebookoftheprophetIsaiahhasoftenbeencalled“thefifthGospel”becauseofitsaccuratedescriptionsofJesus–inparticularhissufferings.However,itisimportanttonotethatthiswaswrittenhundredsofyearsbeforeJesuscametoearth.
![Page 4: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
D.The“LambofGod”
• AfterthePassover,theLambbecameasymbolofonewhowasslaininordertosavethepeopleofIsrael.ThisconceptbeganalsowithAbrahamandIsaac,butwasdeepenedwiththePassoverevent.TheeventofPassoverwascelebratedeachyearastheJew’sprimaryliturgicalfeast,therebymakingtheconceptoftheLambevermoreimportant.
• Astimewenton,TheLambofGodbecameanimportantconceptfortheJews.Theycametounderstandthatoneday,therewouldbea‘trueLamb’thatwouldcometoredeemthepeopleofIsraelonceandforall.
• AfterthePassover,thisconcepttookondeepermeaningasevidencedinthepassageofIsaiahcalled“theSufferingServant”
• ThisconceptbeginstotakeshapefurtherintheNewTestamentwiththepreachingofJohntheBaptisto UponseeingJesusforthefirsttime,JohntheBaptistcallsJesusthe‘LambofGod.’
§ Inhisday,thistermwouldhavehadgreatsignificancetotheJewswhoknewtheOldTestament.
§ TheyknewtheLordwouldprovideaLamb.TheyknewthatthisLambwouldatoneforthesinsoftheworld.
o CCC608:“Afteragreeingtobaptizehimalongwiththesinners,JohntheBaptistlookedatJesusandpointedhimoutasthe‘LambofGod,whotakesawaythesinoftheworld’.Bydoingso,herevealsthatJesusisatthesametimethesufferingServantwhosilentlyallowshimselftobeledtotheslaughterandwhobearsthesinofthemultitudes,andalsothePaschalLamb,thesymbolofIsrael'sredemptionatthefirstPassover.Christ'swholelifeexpresseshismission:‘toserve,andtogivehislifeasaransomformany.’”
• Furthermore,weseethisconceptasJesusasthe“LambofGod”isbroughttocompletioninthebookofRevelation.InthebookofRevelation,theterm“LambofGod”isused28times(incomparisonto4timesintheGospels).
o Revelation5-Weseewearecalledtoworship,honor,andgiveglorytotheLambthathadbeenslain.o Revelation7–ThebloodoftheLambsaves.OnlytheLambcanopenthescrollwiththeseal.TheLamb
isonathrone.TheLambwillwipeawaythetearsofthemartyrsandleadthemtoeverlastinglife.o Revelation13–TheLambistobeworshipedandthenamesofthoseinheavenmuchbefoundwritten
inthebookoftheLamb.o TheentirebookofRevelationisaliturgysurroundingtheLambANDtheweddingfeastoftheLamb.o ThisiswhywesayinMass:
§ “LambofGod,whotakesawaythesinsoftheworld,havemercyonus.”§ “BlessedarethosewhoarecalledtothesupperoftheLamb.”
E.MannaandWaterintheDesert-Exodus16:1-35
• TheIsraelitesbegantocomplainofhungerinthedesertafterleavingEgypt.SoGodprovidedthemwithmiraculousfood:
o Manna(miraculousbreadfromheaven)–inthemorning§ Mannaisaplayontheword‘man-hu’whichmeans“whatisit?”§ Itwasamiraculousbreadthatcamefromheaven.Theydidnotknowwhatitwasorwhereit
camefrom.EvenMoses,whohadpreviouslylivedinthedesertfor40yearsdidnotknowwhatitwas.
§ ThisissimilartotheEucharist–itismiraculousbread,givenbyGod.Itisextraordinaryfromheaven,andweareunabletoidentifyit.
o Quail(meat)–intheeveningo TheBreadandfleshforeshadowtheEucharist
• Themannatastedlikewaferswithhoneyo Thissignified‘theLandofmilkandhoney’,whichiswhattheycalledthePromisedLand.o Thisdetailofittastinglikehoneysignifiedthatitwasaforetasteofthegoodnessthattheywouldhave
infullnesslater.ThisisthesamewiththeEucharist.Itisa‘taste’ofheaven,ourtruePromisedLand.ItsignifiesthefullnesswewillonedaypossessinHeaven.
![Page 5: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
• ThemannawasbotheatenandplacedinajarbeforetheArkoftheCovenantwithintheinnersanctuary–themostholyplaceintheMeetingTent.
o Theywerenotonlytoeatthemanna,buttolookatit,asavisiblesignofGod’sprovision.o ThisisalsoaforeshadowingofEucharisticAdoration.WenotonlyeattheEucharist,butwealso
contemplateandlookattheNewManna.• Themannawasgivenfortheirsurvivalinthedesert.
o Theyweregivenonlyenoughforeachday.§ Infact,theywereonlyallowedtocollectoneday’sworthofmanna,theexceptionbeingonthe
daybeforetheSabbath,wheretheywereallowedtocollecttwoday’sworth.§ Iftheycollectedextra,itwouldrotaftertheday–exceptontheSabbath,whereitwouldlastfor
anextraday.o ThisshouldremindusoftheOurFatherinwhichwepray:“Giveusthisdayourdailybread.”
§ Godgivesusjustenoughgraceandsustenanceforeachday.Hetellsusnottoworryabouttomorrow–Hewillgiveusgracesfortomorrowwhentomorrowcomes.
§ FortheIsraelitesandus,thisisanexerciseoftrust.They(andwe)hadtobelieveandtrustthatGodwouldinfactprovideforthemeachday.TheyhadtobelieveHewasafaithfulandlovingFather.Thisdaily‘test’wastohelprestoretheirfaithinGodasaFatherwholovesandprovideforhischildren.
• Itsustainedthemfortheentire40yearsthattheyweretravelingtothePromisedLand.o WhentheIsraelitesenteredthePromisedLand,themannaceased.Theywereoutofthedesertand
nowabletoeatfromthefruitsoftheLand.o ThePromisedLandrepresentsHeaven,andtheyearsinthedesertrepresenttheyearsofpilgrimageon
earth.Duringthistimeofpilgrimagethroughthedifficultdesertofourtimeonearth,theLordalsosustainsuswiththetruemannaoftheEucharist.
F.SummaryofOldTestamentSacrifices
• ThesacrificesofferedintheOldTestamentweremanyandvariedbutallhad4distinctivecharacteristicsaboutthem.WeseethatChristbringsalltheOldTestamentsacrificestofulfillment.
o Thesacrificeisofferedbyapriest.§ ChristhimselfistheeternalHighPriestthatoffersthesacrifice.
o Thevictimisanunblemishedmale.§ ChrististhevictimoftheEucharisticsacrifice.Heisunblemishedfromthestainofsin.
o Itisofferedfortheremissionofsin.§ ChristtrulyandforeverearnedtheforgivenessofoursinonCalvary.Weparticipateinthis
sacrificeateveryMass.o Thesacrificeisdestroyedinsomemanner
§ Thissignifiedthatthesacrificeisnotforourownuse,butforGod’s.OnCalvary,Christwas‘destroyed’–bothinthebrokennessofhisbodyandthroughhisdeath.
§ Wealsoseethatinordertomakethebreadandwine,thewheatandgrapesmustbegroundorcrushed(death).However,itisonlyinthis‘death’thatnewlifecomesforth.
• Afterthevictimofthesacrificewasusuallykilledandthenburneduponthealtar.Afterthis,itwasusuallyconsumedbythepriest.Thisconsumingofthesacrificeunitedthepriesttothesacrifice.
o Today,wealsoconsumethevictim–Christ–afterhehasbeensacrificedonthealtarduringMass.
![Page 6: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
III.NEWTESTAMENTSCRIPTUREANDTHEEUCHARIST
A.John6• IttakesplaceneartheeventofPassover(v.4)• Itbeginswiththemiracleofthemultiplicationoftheloaves(v.1-15)
o Jesusprovidesthemmiraculouslywithtemporalgoods.Therefore,theywanttomakeHimking.o However,hedoesnotwanttobetheirkingbecauseHeprovidestemporalgoods;Hewantstobetheir
Kingwhogiveseternalgoods.o Therefore,Heleaves.
• The“BreadofLifeDiscourse”–(v.22-71)o InthethispassageofJohn6,JesusprogressivelyrevealsthatHeisthe“BreadofLife”–abreadthat
giveseternallife,abreadthatdoesnotpassaway.Healsorevealsthatthis‘bread’ishisflesh–which,notsurprisingly,scandalizeshisfollowers–somuchsothatmanydecidetostopfollowinghim,eventhoughthedaybeforetheywerereadytomakehimking.
o The3primary‘complaints’orprotestsoftheJewsduringtheBreadofLifeDiscourse.Eachofthese‘complaints’parallelsacomplaintmadeabouttheEuchariststilltoday.
§ Jesusis‘tooordinary’(v.41-42)• Theyknowwherehecomesfrom:TheyknowheisthesonofJoseph,theyknowhis
parents.Heisjustamanlikethem,yetheclaimstobethe‘breadthatcamedownfromheaven.’Buthelookslikeamanandseemstobejustanordinaryman.Howcanthisordinarymanmakesuchanextraordinaryclaim?
• Eucharisticparallel:TheEucharististoo‘ordinary’tobewhatitclaimstobe.‘Weknowwhereitcomesfrom”:itisjustbreadandwine.Weknowwhomadeit,wewatcheditgetmade.Itsmellslikebread,tasteslikebread,lookslikebread.Howcanwemakesuchanextraordinaryclaimaboutseeminglyordinarybread?
• Jesus’response:Hedoesnotgobackonwhathesays.Nordoeshecorrectapotentialmisunderstandingontheirpart.Hestickstowhathesaysandtellsthem,“Stopmurmuring.”AndthenherepeatshimselfagainANDtakesittoanewlevel:the‘bread’ishisflesh.
§ “Howcanthismangiveushisfleshtoeat?”(v.52)• Thisclaimdoesnotneedtoomuchexplanation–itspeaksforitself.TheJewswere
scandalizedthatJesuswouldnowclaimthatthe“bread”heisofferingisinfacthisflesh.• Eucharisticparallel:Stilltoday,peoplesaythesamethingabouttheEucharist:howcan
weclaimthatitisthefleshofJesusChrist?Itisabold,radical,andextraordinaryclaim.ButonethatwecanbelieveinbecauseoftheOnewhomakesit.
• Jesus’response:TheJewsunderstoodwhatJesussaid.IfJesuswasspeakingfiguratively,thiswouldhavebeenthemomenttocorrecthimselfandexplain.However,Jesusdoesjusttheopposite:herepeatshimself6moretimesindifferentwaystoindicatethatisexactlywhatHemeanttosay.Andhisrepetitionsuseprogressivelystrongerandclearerlanguagetomakehispoint.Furthermore,Healsobeginstouseastrongerwordfor‘eat’:onethatmeans“masticate”or“chewon”.TobeevenmoreclearthatHeisnotspeakingfiguratively,Heevenchangestheverbtomakehisdirectivemoreclear:youmusttrulyeatmyfleshanddrinkmyblood.
§ “Thisistoohard.Whocanacceptit?”(v.60)
![Page 7: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
• Atthispoint,theJewsareoutofactualarguments.TheyknowwhatJesusissaying,andtheysimplyadmit‘itistoodifficulttobelieve.’
• Eucharisticparallel:JustasinthetimeofJesus,manypeopletodaysimplysaythatthisteachingistoohardtoaccept.Itrequirestoomuchfaithanddoesnotseempossibleorreasonable.
• Jesus’response:Again,Jesusdoesnotgobackonhisteaching,changeitormakeiteasierforthem.Hedoessaythatthe‘flesh’(humanthinking)cannotunderstanditonitsown.Weneedthe‘spiritthatgiveslife’toacceptandunderstandhisteachinghere.
o TheendresultoftheBreadofLifeDiscourse–ManypeopleleaveandstopfollowingJesus.(John6:66)
§ UponhearingJesus,manypeopleleaveandstopfollowingJesus.Itisimportanttonotethatthepeoplewhoheardthisandthenleftwerenothisenemiesorskeptics.Theywerehisdisciplesthatwerereadytomakehimkingjustonedaybefore.Aswell,theyweresotakenwithhim,thattheyfollowedhimacrosstheseatofindhim.Andyet,whenhegivesthisteachingtheyleave.
§ Eucharisticparallel:Itisstilltodayadifficultteachingtograsp–especiallyifwedonotfullyunderstandit.However,wearecalledtobelieveinthewordsofJesusbecauseweknowwhoHeis–God.Thisiswhywebelieve–evenifitdoesnotmakecompletesensetous.WecannotbelieveorfollowJesus‘onourownterms’–meaning,whenitiseasyorconvenientforus.Jesusisalwaysgoingto‘stretch’us,togetustomovebeyondourownlimitedunderstandingofwhoHeisandwhoweare.Wehavethechoicetoallowhimtodothisortocloseourhearts,therebylimitingwhatHecandoinandthroughus.
o TheApostlesresponsetoJesus’Teaching–Faith(Jn6:67-69)§ Afterthepeopleleave,JesusturnstotheApostlesandasksthemiftheytoowouldliketoleave.
Peterrespondsontheirbehalfwiththesegreatwordsoffaith:“Lordtowhomshallwego,foryouhavethewordsofeternallife.WehavecometobelievethatyouaretheholyoneofGod.”(Jn6:68-69)
• Hedidnotnecessarilyunderstandor“getit.”ButHebelievedthatJesuswastheChrist,andsohesimplytrustedinHimeventhoughhedidnotreallyunderstand.
• PeterandalltheApostlesmayhaveleftstillwondering,“Howishegoingtodothat?”and“Whatdidhemeanbyallthat?”Butregardless,theystillcontinuedtofollowJesus.Anditwasnotforatanotheryearthattheyunderstood–attheLastSupper.
§ Eucharisticparallel:WhenwebelieveJesussimplybecauseHeisGod,ourfaithisrewardedeventuallywithunderstanding.Butwemayhavetopassthroughatimewhenwedonotunderstand,wherewecontinuetofollowJesussimplybecauseweknowwhoHeis.
• SymbolismoftheBreadandtheFlesho TheBread:thenewManna
§ WhiletheywereinthedesertinEgypt,Godmiraculouslysustainedthemwithmanna,“breadfromheaven.”
§ Jesusclaimstogivethembreadthatisevenbetterthanthemiraculousmanna–abreadthattheywilleatand“liveforever.”(Jn6:32-35)
§ This“bread”sustainsusonourjourney/pilgrimagehereonearthonthewaytothePromisedLand–justlikeitdidforMosesandtheIsraelites.
§ "Asamanmustbebornbeforehecanbegintoleadhisphysicallife,sohemustbeborntoleadaDivineLife.ThatbirthoccursintheSacramentofBaptism.Tosurvive,hemustbenourishedbyDivineLife;thatisdoneintheSacramentoftheHolyEucharist."(Ven.FultonSheen)
o TheFlesh:thefleshoftheLamb§ HeisthenewPassoverLambthatsavesusfrometernaldeath,andcomestobringnewlife.§ JustlikeeatingthePassoverlambsavedtheIsraelitesfromdeath,sodoeseatingthenewLamb
saveusfromthedeathofhell.
![Page 8: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
B.Mark14:22-24• TheLastSupper
o ThiswasacelebrationofthePassover–butinit,HeestablishesanewPassover.§ HebecomesthenewPassoverLambthatGodprovidesfortheirsalvation.
o Thiswaswhenhehadthem“eathisbodyanddrinkhisblood”§ Thisfinallyanswersthequestion,“HowwillHedoit?”
o WhenJesussaid,“Thisismybody,”JohnusestheGreekword‘tobe’whichhasaliteralmeaning,notasymbolicconnotation.
• Jesusputseverythingtogetheronthisnightandestablishesanewcovenantwithhispeople.o ReadLuke22:20
C.The“FourthCup”andtheNewPassover
• ThePassoverCelebrationinGeneralo TheLastSupperwasthecelebrationofthePassovermeal.o ThePassoverwasbrokenupinto4parts:
i. FirstBlessings–ThispartfocusedonthebitterslaveryinwhichtheywewereheldinEgypt.Theywouldeatbitterherbstoremindthemofthebitternessofwhichtheyhadbeenfreed.
ii. TherecountingofthePassoverstory–theeldestinthefamilywouldrecountthePassoverstory,andhowtheLordbroughtfreedomtohispeopleonthisnight.
a. Toendthissecondpart,theywouldsingthe“LittleHallel”(Psalm113)iii. ThePassoverMeal–duringthisparttheywouldeattheLamb,theunleavenedbread,andthe
3rdcupofwine(thecupofBlessing)a. ThiswouldhavebeenthebreadandwineoftheEucharist.b. Thispartconcludeswiththedrinkingofthe3rdcupofwine.
iv. Thesingingofthe“GreatHallel”–thispartistheclimaxofthePassovercelebration.a. Thispartisconcludedbydrinkingthe4thandfinalcupofwine–the“cupof
consummation”.Withthedrinkingofthiscup,thePassoverconcludes.o ThePassoverwasthelargestandmostimportantJewishfeast.
§ ThemostdevoutJewscametoJerusalemtocelebratethefeast.Jerusalemnormallyhadapopulationofabout100,000,buttheduringthePassoveritswelledto200,000-300,000.
o ThePassoverwasasymbolofafamilycovenantwithGod.§ WiththePassover,Godmadeacovenantwithhispeople,andtheIsraelitesbecamehisfamily,
hischildren.• TheLastSupper
o OnthenightoftheLastSupper,JesuschangesthePassoverritualwithhisApostles§ Thiswasamajordeal–itwasthemostimportantJewishfeast,andhadbeencelebratedinthe
samewayforthousandsofyears.Onecouldnotsimplychangeit.Yet,Jesusdoes.§ HechangedthePassoverin4significantways:
• TheWashingoftheFeeto DuringthePassoverritual,younormallywashedaperson’shands.o Thefeetwerethedirtiestandlowestpartofthebody,andthewashingofthe
feetwasusuallyreservedforthelowestofslaves.o Therefore,whatJesusdidwasunthinkableintheireyes.ThisiswhyPeter
objected.o Heestablishesanewcovenantofloveandservice:thisishowyouaretoserve
andloveoneanother.§ Atthismoment,healsoestablishedthepriesthoodandgavethemthe
modelofhowtheyweretoliveitout–throughhumbleandlovingservice.
• ConsecrationoftheBreado Hechangedthewordsofconsecrationoverthebread:“thisismybody”o Hechangedthecentralwordsatthecentralmoment.Thiswouldhavebeen
shockingfortheApostles.
![Page 9: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
o Hetellsthemto“dothisinmemoryofme.”§ AtthePassover,theLordhadtoldthemtocelebrateitasa‘perpetual
institution’–inotherwords,‘forever.’§ WhenJesussays,“Dothisinmemoryofme,”heistellingthemthatthis
isthenewPassovertheyshouldcelebrateperpetually.o TheOldPassoverpassedaway,andthenewonebegan.
• BlessingoftheThirdCupo Jesussays,“Thisisthenewcovenantofmyblood.”o Withthesewords,hechangesthewordsofthePassovercelebrationanduses
theword‘covenant’–theONLYtimeintheNewTestamentthatJesususesthisword.
§ Covenantisthemostformalandbindinglanguage.Thismeansthatheisreplacingtheoldcovenant(OldTestament)withanewcovenant(NewTestament)
o TheBloodofJesusbecomesthenewcovenant–thenewfamilybond.WenowshareintheFleshandBloodofJesus.Itisnolongersimplyanadoptivefamilybond,butafleshandbloodrelation.
• Jesusdidn’tdrinkthe4thandFinalCupo ItwouldhavebeenunheardoftoleavethePassoverunfinished.Itislikenot
finishingtheMassatitsmostimportantpointandjustwalkingaway.o However,ontheeveningoftheLastSupper,theGospelofMarktellsusthat
‘whentheysungahymntheywentouttotheMountofOlives.’(Mk14:26)Thismeanstheyfinishedthe3rdcup,butnevergottothe4thandfinalone.Inotherwords,theyleftwithoutconcludingthePassovermeal.
o Infact,JesustoldthemthatHewouldnotdrinkwineagainuntilHedrinksitanewintheKingdomofGod.(Mk14:25)
o IntheGardenofGethsemane,Jesusspeaksofthe4thandfinalcup:§ “Father,letthiscuppassfromme,butnotmywillbutyoursbedone.”§ Aftertheycometoarresthim,andPetertriestostopthesoldiersby
cuttingoffoneoftheirears,Jesusaskhim,“ShallInotdrinkthecuptheFatherhasgivenme?”
§ Aswell,‘Gethsemane’means‘littlewinepress’o Aswewillsee,this‘skipping’ofthefinalcupispurposeful.Hewillnotdrinkthe
finalcupuntilthemomentbeforehediesonthecross.o Thesignificanceofthis–thePassoverisnotcompleteuntiltheLambdiesandis
sacrificed.JesusisthePassoverLamb,andHedoesnot‘end’thePassoveruntilhissacrificeiscomplete.
§ Onthecross,Hesays,“Ithirst”andtheygivehimaspongesoakedinsourwineonthebranchofahyssop.ThehyssopbranchwasthesamekindusedtosprinklethebloodofthePassoverLamb.
§ Afterdrinkingthiswine,hesays,“Itisfinished.”ThePassoverisnowcomplete.
• SummaryConclusion–PriestandVictimo Jesus,byallthis,showsthatHeisthetruePassoverLamb,whosavesusfromsin,death,andslavery.o Pilateorderedhiscrucifixionatthesixthhour,whichisthesamehourinwhichthePassoveroverlambs
werebesacrificedthroughoutthecityofJerusalem.ThisshowsJesuswasthesacrificialvictimofPassover.
o Aswell,theseamlessgarmentthatJesusworewasthesamewordfortheHighPriest’svestmentwhenhekilledthelambsforPassover.ThisshowsthatJesusisalsothepriestthatoffersthesacrifice.
o JesusisboththepriestandvictimoftheNewPassoverSacrifice.
![Page 10: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
D.1Corinthians11:23-34–AccountoftheLastSupperbySt.Paul• ThispassageiswherewegetthewordsoftheConsecrationfromtheMass.• HecomparestheEucharisttothepagansacrifices,explainingthatwhenoneeatsthefoodofthepagan
sacrifices,oneisparticipatinginthesacrificeitself.Sotoowhenweeatthe‘food’oftheMass,weparticipateintheBodyandBloodoftheLord.
• Paulusesthewordremembrance:“Dothisinremembranceofme.”o InGreek,thiswordisnotsimplyarememberingaswethinkofittoday.o Itmeanstoactually“makepresent”bythatremembering.Bydoingitagain,itislikedoingthesame
thingastheoriginaltime.• St.PaultellsuswemustconfessoursinsbeforereceivingtheBodyandBloodoftheLord(v.28-30)
o Ifwedonot‘examineourselves’wereceivetheEucharistunworthily.o “OneveryLord’sDay,cometogetherandbreakbreadandgivethanks,firstconfessingyoursinssothat
yoursacrificemaybepure.Anyoneatvariancewithhisneighbormustnotjoinyou,untiltheyarereconciled,lestyoursacrificebedefiled.”(Didache14:1-4–FirstCenturyChristiantext)
• St.PaulalsotellsuswemustacknowledgethatittrulyistheBodyandBloodofChrist(v.29)o Theword‘discern’meansto‘perceivethedifferencebetweentwothings’.St.Paulissayingthatwe
mustdiscernorunderstandthedifferencebetweentheEucharistandnormalbreadandwine.Ifwedon’t–meaningweseetreatitonlyasbreadandwine-thenweeatanddrinkjudgmentonourselves.
o Thisisalsothereasonwhynon-CatholicsdonotreceivecommunionatMass.IfonedoesnotbelievethattheEucharistreallyistheBodyandBloodofJesus,thentheyaredoingmoreharmfortheirsoulthangood.
§ TheLordandhisChurchdesireeveryonetoreceiveHolyCommunion–butwiththepropermind,heartandbelief.
E.TheEucharistintheEarlyChurch
• DidtheearlyChurchbelievetheEucharistwasreallyJesus’BodyandBlood?Unequivocallytheydid.o “Becareful,therefore,totakepartonlytheoneEucharist;forthereisonlyonefleshofourLordJesus
Christandonecuptouniteuswithhisblood.”(St.IgnatiusofAntioch,107AD)o "Ihavenotasteforcorruptiblefoodnorforthepleasuresofthislife.IdesirethebreadofGod,whichis
thefleshofJesusChrist;…andfordrinkIdesirehisblood,whichisloveincorruptible"(St.IgnatiusofAntioch,LettertotheRomans7:3[A.D.110]).
o "TakenoteofthosewhoholdheterodoxopinionsonthegraceofJesusChristwhichhascometous,andseehowcontrarytheiropinionsaretothemindofGod....TheyabstainfromtheEucharistandfromprayerbecausetheydonotconfessthattheEucharististhefleshofourSaviorJesusChrist,fleshwhichsufferedforoursinsandwhichthatFather,inhisgoodness,raisedupagain.TheywhodenythegiftofGodareperishingintheirdisputes"(St.IgnatiusofAntioch,LettertotheSmyrnaeans6:2–7:1[A.D.110]).
o “Hedeclaresthatthecup,takenfromcreation,ishisownblood,bywhichhestrengthensourblood,andhehasfirmlyassuredusthatthebread,takenfromcreation,ishisownbody,bywhicharebodiesgrow…themixedcupandthebread…becomestheEucharist,thebodyandbloodofChrist.”(St.IrenaeusofLyons,secondcentury)
o "Donot,therefore,regardthebreadandwineassimplythat;fortheyare,accordingtotheMaster’sdeclaration,thebodyandbloodofChrist.Eventhoughthesensessuggesttoyoutheother,letfaithmakeyoufirm.Donotjudgeinthismatterbytaste,butbefullyassuredbythefaith,notdoubtingthatyouhavebeendeemedworthyofthebodyandbloodofChrist....(CatecheticalLectures22:6,9,St.CyrilofJerusalem,350AD)
o "Perhapsyoumaybesaying,‘Iseesomethingelse;howcanyouassuremethatIamreceivingthebodyofChrist?’…Christisinthatsacrament,becauseitisthebodyofChrist"(St.AmbroseofMilan,TheMysteries9:50,58[A.D.390]).
o "Whatyouseeisthebreadandthechalice;thatiswhatyourowneyesreporttoyou.ButwhatyourfaithobligesyoutoacceptisthatthebreadisthebodyofChristandthechaliceisthebloodofChrist.Thishasbeensaidverybriefly,whichmayperhapsbesufficientforfaith;yetfaithdoesnotdesireinstruction"(St.Augustine,Sermons,272[411AD]).
![Page 11: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
IV.METAPHYSICSOFTHESACRAMENT
A.Transubstantiation• Theprefixtransmeans‘tochange’.Therefore,thewordtransubstantiationliterallymeans‘tochange
substance.’• AccidentsandSubstance
o Substance-athing’sactualidentity§ Theidentityofathingiswhatitis–regardlessofhowitlooksorappears.§ Intransubstantiation,thereisachangeoftheidentityofthe‘thing’:wegofrombreadandwine
totheBody,Blood,SoulandDivinityofChrist(hiswholePerson–divineandhuman).§ ThisisnotsymbolicorsimplyarepresentationofChrist,butChristhimself.
o Accident–apropertyofasubstance§ Forexample,theaccidentsofsnoware:green,volume,weight,cold,wet,soft,taste§ Forexample,theaccidentsofapencilare:blue,hard,thin,6incheslong,tubularshape§ Usually,whenthereisasubstantialchange(somethingchangesfromonesubstancetothe
other),theaccidentsalsochange.• Forexample:
o Theaccidentsofawoodenchair:hard,brown,shapeofachair,3feethigh,2feetwide
o Ifthewoodenchairisburned,thereisachangeinsubstance(itisnowash)alongwithachangeinaccidents:black,soft,lightinweight,smallinsize,bitterintaste,etc.
§ Themiracleintransubstantiation:thereisachangeinsubstancewithoutanaccompanyingchangeinaccidents.
• ThesubstancegoesfrombreadandwinetotheBody,Blood,SoulandDivinityofChrist.However,theaccidentsdonotchange:itstilllooks,tastes,andsmellslikebreadandwine.
• TotalChangeo Aftertransubstantiationtakesplace,thebreadandwinenolongerexist.
§ Everysinglepieceofbreadandwinedhavebeentransformed.o Christinhistotalityispresentonthealtar.o HeistotallyandfullypresentineachandeverypartandparticleoftheEucharist–evenifthepartsare
divided.o ItisaSacramentalPresence:inotherwordsitcomestousthroughthesignofbreadandwine.o ThePresenceofChristenduresaslongastheappearanceofbreadandwineremain.
B.Matter,FormandMinister
• Mattero Wheatbread
§ intheLatinChurch,itshouldbeunleavened.o Wine(mixedwithsmallamountofwater)
§ Thewinemustbefromgrapes.• Form:Thewords,“Thisismybody.”• Minister:Anordainedpriest.
![Page 12: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
V.THESACRAMENTOFTHEBRIDEGROOMANDTHEBRIDE
A.Godwantsevenmore….
• Hedoesn’tjustwanttobewithus,HewantstouniteHimselftous,sothat“thetwowillbecomeoneflesh.”• Hewantstoliveinsideus,totallyunitedtous.Livingandbreathingwithinus.• HolyCommunionisthetruefulfillmentoftheScripturethatsays,“andthetwoshallbecomeoneflesh.”
o Itisthe‘SacramentoftheBridegroomandtheBride,inwhichtheBridegroom(Jesus)giveshiswholeBodyovertotheBride(us,theChurch),andtheBridereceivesHimbyofferingHimherbodyandheart.
o ThereisnomoreintimatemomentpossibletohavewithGod.B.TheChurchistheBrideofChrist
• Maryisalsothe‘SpouseoftheSpirit.”SheistheperfectrepresentationoftheBridethatistheChurch.• ReadEphesians5:25-32
o Eph5:25,31-32–“Husbands,loveyourwives,evenasChristlovedthechurchandhandedhimselfoverforher…‘Forthisreasonamanshallleave[his]fatherand[his]motherandbejoinedtohiswife,andthetwoshallbecomeoneflesh.’Thisisagreatmystery,butIspeakinreferencetoChristandthechurch.”
• IncallingtheChurchtheBrideofChrist,GodisrevealingthekindofloveHehasforeachoneofus–aspousallove.Helovesuspassionately,deeply.Heiswillingtogivehislifeforus.
• ThisimageoftheChurchastheBrideofChristhasexistedfromthebeginningandhascontinuedthroughoutsalvationhistory.
o Humanhistorybeginswithamarriage–thatofAdamandEve(Genesis1-3).o TheOldTestament–GodreferstohimselfasBridegroomandIsraelasBride
§ Isaiah62:4-5–“Butyoushallbecalled,‘MyDelight,’andyourland‘Espoused.’FortheLorddelightsinyou,andmakesyourlandhisspouse.Asayoungmanmarriesavirgin,yourBuildershallmarryyou;andabridegroomrejoicesinhisbridesoshallyourGodrejoiceinyou.”
§ Hosea2:16,18,21-22–“SoIwillallureher;Iwillleadherintothedesertandspeaktoherheart….Onthatday,saystheLord,sheshallcallme‘Myhusband’…Iwillespouseyoutomeforever:Iwillespouseyouinrightandinjustice,inloveandinmercy;Iwillespouseyouinfidelity,andyoushallknowtheLord.”
o FirstmiracleofChrist–theWeddingatCana§ Thecoupleranoutofwine.Justaswithsin,wetoo“ranoutofwine.”Byrejectingthe
Bridegroom,wefindourselvesemptyandinneed.§ ButJesuscamepreciselytorestorethelostrelationship,tohealthegreat“divorce”between
Godandman,betweenhusbandandwife.o ItendswiththemarriageoftheNewAdamandthenewEve(ChristandtheChurch)inthebookof
Revelation.§ “‘Revelation’istheusualEnglishrenderingoftheGreekapokalypsis;buttheGreekworkis
richerthanthat.Itismoreaccuratelytranslatedas‘unveiling’andwasusedbyGreek-speakingJewstodescribethemomentwhenthebridewasunveiledbeforeherhusband,justbeforethecoupleconsummatedtheirmarriage.So…wefindourselveswithJohnataweddingfeast.”(ScottHahn,Hail,HolyQueen,page49).
§ Revelation19:9-“BlessedarethosewhohavebeencalledtotheweddingfeastoftheLamb.”
![Page 13: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
§ Revelation21:1-2,9–“ThenIsawanewheavensandanewearth.Theformerheavenandtheformerearthhaspassedaway,andtheseawasnomore.Ialsosawtheholycity,anewJerusalem,comingdownoutofheavenfromGod,preparedasabrideadornedforherhusband…Oneofthesevenangels…saidtome,‘Comehere.Iwillshowyouthebride,thewifeoftheLamb.’Hetookmeinspirittoagreat,highmountainandshowedmetheholycityJerusalemcomingdownoutofheavenfromGod.”
• “Bydescribinghimselfasa‘bridegroom,’JesusrevealstheessenceofGodandconfirmshisimmenseloveformankind.”(JPII,LettertoFamilies,18)
o JesusistheBridegroom,whocomestoearthtogivesusHimselfandHisdivinelife.HecomestogiveaGIFT.HeawaitstheresponseoftheBride.Hedoesnotimposeorforcehimself,butwaitsforustoFREELYaccepthisgift.
§ ThisiswhyMaryistheperfectionofallpeople–becausesheistheperfectBride,whogivesafiattotheLord,allowingHimtoenterherfullywithhispresence.
• TheBridegroom(Jesus)giveshisLifetotheBride.o HegivesitontheCross.o HegivesitintheEucharist.
• TheBride(theChurch)receivesthislife,guardingit,nurturingit,andhelpingittogrowandmature.C.TheChurchinheressenceisfeminine.
• ThoughtheChurchistheBodyofChrist,theChurchisfundamentallyfeminine.ThisiswhyMaryistheModelandImageoftheChurch.
o OurphysicalbodiesshowuswhythisistherealityoftheChurch.o Themalebodygivestheseedoflife–itcomesoutfromhim.
§ ThusheistheimageofGodtheFatherwhoistheGIVERofalllife.o Thefemalebodyreceivesthisseedfromtheman,andbringsitwithinher,nourishingtheseed,guarding
it,andhelpingittogrowandmature.§ ThuswomanistheimageoftheChurchwhoreceivesherlifefromGodtheFather(the
Bridegroom)andnourishesthislifeandallowsittogrowwithinher.• Theparableoftheseedandsower(Luke8:4-15)
o TheseedistheWord(Jesus)andwearethesoilthatreceivestheseed.o Whatkindofsoilarewe?
• “Allhumanbeings-bothwomenandmen-arecalledthroughtheChurch,tobethe‘Bride’ofChrist,theRedeemeroftheworld.Inthisway‘beingthebride’,andthusthe‘feminine’element,becomesasymbolofallthatis‘human’…IntheChurcheveryhumanbeing-maleandfemale-isthe‘Bride’,inthatheorsheacceptsthegiftoftheloveofChristtheRedeemer,andseekstorespondtoitwiththegiftofhisorherownperson.”(JPII,MulierisDignitatem25)
D.TheEucharististhe‘SacramentoftheBridegroomandtheBride’
• WecometoseethattheEucharististheconsummationofthetruemarriagebetweenChrist(theBridegroom)andtheChurch(theBride).
o Marriageonearth,betweenamanandwoman,isaforeshadowingoftherealmarriagethatwewillallhaveinheaven.
o ThisiswhyJesussaysthatmenandwomenwillnotbegiveninmarriageinheaven.• IntheEucharist,theBridegroom(Jesus)offershisBodytohisBride(eachoneofus).
o HecomesoutofHimself(masculine),andwereceivehim(feminine)intoourownperson.• IntheEucharist,the“twobecomeoneflesh”.
o Thisdescriptionofmarriage,giveninGenesisforthefirsttime,ismostfulfilledintheEucharist,wherewebecome‘oneflesh’withChrist,asweconsumeHimintheEucharist.
o “’Forthisreasonamanshallleave[his]fatherand[his]motherandbejoinedtohiswife,andthetwoshallbecomeoneflesh.’Thisisagreatmystery,butIspeakinreferencetoChristandthechurch.”(Eph5:31-32)
• Thisisoneofthereasonsthatonlymencanbepriests.
![Page 14: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
o Theprieststands‘enpersonaChristi.’Thismeansthatthey‘standinthepersonofChrist.’TheyrepresentChrist,whoistheBridegroom,givinghisBodyforhisBride,theChurch.Therefore,onlyamalepriestcanfittinglyrepresenttheBridegroominapropermanner.
o Thisalsomakesitmoreunderstandablehowmanynon-CatholicChristianchurcheshavebegantoallowwomenministers–withouttheEucharist,theroleandidentityofthepriestlosesmuchofussymbolicsignificance;itbecomesananti-sign.ThepriestismeanttobeanotherChrist,offeringhimselfalsoasacrificeforhisBride,theChurch.ThisisdonemostfullyintheofferingoftheMassandtheEucharist.IftheMassandtheEucharistislost,thisfundamentalidentityofthepriestisalsolost,anditbecomeseasiertorationalizetheroleofministertoincludewomen.
E.TheEssenceofLoveisMutualSelf-Gift
• Beginningwiththe3PersonsoftheTrinity(whoisLove),wecometoseethat“Godhimselfisaneternalexchangeoflove,Father,SonandHolySpirit,andhehasdestinedustoshareinthatexchange.”(CCC221)
o Insimplisticterms,theFathergivesHimselftotallytotheSon,theSonreceivesthisself-gift,andrespondswiththetotalgiftofhimself.Theexchangeoflove/Personsbetweenthe2issopowerfulthatisbegetsanotherbeing–theHolySpirit.
o Love,then,isamutualself-gift.o Thismutualself-giftproduceslife(theHolySpirit)
• Thisisthemostfundamental‘pattern’oridentityofLove–amutualself-giftbetweenpersonsthatbegets(orproduces)life.
o ThisiswhywecansaythatLove,initsveryessence,isfruitful.• ThefirsthumanreflectionofthistruththatGodcreatedismarriage.
o Themanandwomangivethemselvestotheother–mutualself-gift–andthisproducesnewlife(achild).
o Marriageisthefirst‘image’oftheTrinity.• However,marriageitselfwasmeanttorevealadeeperreality–thespousallovethatGodhasforhumanity.
o HeisLove,andhegivesHimselfasagifttous.o Wereceivethegift,andofferourselvesagifttoHim.o Thismutualself-giftbetweenGodandmanproducesnewlife(spirituallyinoursouls).
• TheCrossandtheEucharistarethegreatestexamplesofLoveasmutualself-gift.o OntheCrossandintheEucharist,JesusoffershisBodyasagifttoeachoneofus.(Bridegroom)o We(theBride)receivethegiftandofferourselves(bodyandsoul)asagiftinreturn.
• Ittakes2o WeseethenthatwecannotsimplyreceivetheEucharistandthendonothing.Lovedemands(byits
nature)aresponse.o TheEucharistisnotsimplyaboutusreceivinggifts.Itisalsoaboutmakingourselvesagifttobegiven
backtoGod,inresponsetothegiftHehasgivenus(himself).o IfwedonotrespondtoGodwiththegiftofourself,thenthereisnoloveandnolife.Therelationshipis
sterile,unfruitful.o Anauthenticlovingrelationshiprequires2peoplethatchoosetolove,togivethemselvesawaytothe
other.§ Aone-sidedrelationshipinwhichonly1isgiving,andtheotherisonlyreceivingisnotareal
relationship.o Therefore,eachtimewereceivetheEucharist–todosohonestly,lovinglyandauthentically–wetoo
mustofferourlivesbacktoGodasalovingresponse.§ Otherwise,therelationshipissterile,cold,unlovingandunfruitful.Thereisnorelationship
becausethereisnomutualself-gift.
![Page 15: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
VI.THELITURGY
A.Liturgy
• Thewordliturgyoriginallymeant“publicwork”ora“serviceinthenameof/onbehalfofthepeople.”• Nowwedefineliturgyas“theparticipationofthePeopleofGodinthe‘workofGod.’”(CCC1069)
o However,theremnantsoftheoriginaldefinitionstillremainwithinourcurrentdefinition:§ Itispublicandcommunalact–notaprivateonedonebyourselvesinourhomes.
o ItisGod’swork–notours§ CCC1073–“TheliturgyisalsoaparticipationinChrist’sownprayeraddressedtotheFatherin
theHolySpirit.”§ WeparticipateinwhatHeisalreadydoing.§ Wedonotinventit.
• Manypeoplewanttoinventtheirownliturgy,theirownChurchservices.Theywanttodoitthewaytheythinkitshouldbedone.
• TheywanttomakeGodintowhotheythinkHeshouldbe.• Thisiscompletelycontrarytoalltruth.WedonotchangeGodaccordingtoour
preferences.WemustallowGodtochangeusintohisimageandlikeness(likewearemadetobe).Wearemadeinhisimageandlikeness;Heisnotmadeinours.
§ Thesameistruewiththeliturgy–itishisworkthatweenterintoandinwhichweparticipate.WedonotinviteHimintosomethingwecreateourselves.
§ Godbreaksintoourworld,ourlives–notvisaversa§ Imagineinterruptingabasketballgameandchangingalltherulesandmakingpeopleplayit
yourway.B.ParticipationintheLiturgyofHeaven
• WeareparticipatingintheliturgyofHeaven.o CCC1090–“Intheearthlyliturgyweshareinaforetasteofthatheavenlyliturgywhichiscelebratedin
theHolyCityofJerusalemtowardwhichwejourneyaspilgrims,whereChristissittingattherighthandofGod,Ministerofthesanctuaryandofthetruetabernacle.”
o Thereisaperfectheavenlyliturgyconstantlygoingoninheaven.o Whenwedoliturgyonearth,weareparticipatinginwhatisgoingoninheaven.o CCC1139–“ItisinthiseternalliturgythattheSpiritandtheChurchenableustoparticipate
wheneverwecelebratethemysteryofsalvationinthesacraments.”• Throughtheliturgy,Christcontinuesourworkofredemption.
o Throughtheliturgy,wearemadeholy.o Itisthemosteffectivesourceoflifeforoursouls.Wecannothavedivinelifewithouttheliturgy.
• Itrequiresour“full,conscious,andactiveparticipation.”o “MotherChurchearnestlydesiresthatallthefaithfulshouldbeledtothatfullyconscious,andactive
participationinliturgicalcelebrationswhichisdemandedbytheverynatureoftheliturgy.SuchparticipationbytheChristianpeople…istheirrightanddutybyreasonoftheirbaptism.”(SacrosanctumConcilium,14)
![Page 16: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
o Nothinghappenstousifwejust“showup.”Wehavetocome,readytoreceiveandparticipateinwhatisactuallytakingplace.
o Imagineifyouwenttoasportsgameandhadnoideaoftherulesorhowthegamewasplayed.Youwouldnotbeveryinterestedinthegame.
o Ifwearesupposedtogetwetfromtherain(thegracethatpoursonusinMass)andwegoinwithanumbrella,wewillnotgetwet.Itmightberaining,butitisnotgettinguswet,becausewehaveblockedthegrace.
§ WhenwedonotparticipateinMass,andwesimply“tuneout”,wearewastingthegracesthatarepouringuponus.
• Itisimportanttoknowwhatgoeson.ItisourresponsibilitytolearnwhatgoesontheMass,andintheliturgyingeneral.
![Page 17: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
VII.THEMASS
A.TheCelebrationofMassintheEarlyChurch
• TheActsoftheApostles2:46,3:1o WereadthattheearliestChristianswenttotheSynagoguetohearthereadingsfromScripture(atthat
point,onlyreadingsfromtheOldTestament)onSaturdays.ThentheywouldgoonSundaystohomestocelebratetheBreakingoftheBread(Eucharist).
§ OnSundayswhentheywouldgather,undertheleadershipoftheApostles,theywouldtellstoriesofJesus(sincetherewasnoNewTestamentatthistime,onlyOralTradition).
o TheystillconsideredthemselvestobeJewsthatbelievedinJesusastheMessiah.o ThisestablishedthetwopartsoftheLiturgywestillusetoday:TheLiturgyoftheWordandtheLiturgy
oftheEucharist.• Soon,however,theChristianJewswereexpelledfromtheSynagoguesandtherewasaninfluxofGentile
Christians.Therefore,theyneededanewplacetoworship.Hence,thetwopartsoftheirliturgicalworshipwereunitedinonecelebrationonSundaymornings.
o Forthemostpart,thesefirstmeetingstookplaceintheprivatehomesofChristianswhoformed‘houseChurches’fortheearliestChristians.
o Notuntilthe4thcenturydidChurchesbegantobebuiltingreaternumbers.Upuntilthistime,ChristiansweresooftenpersecutedthatthebuildingofChurcheswasusuallynotpossiblebecauseofthethreatofdestruction.WiththelegalizationofChristianity,Churchesbegantobebuiltforplacesofworship.
• TheCelebrationoftheEucharistbySt.JustinMartyrin155AD.o Befamiliarwiththedetailsfromp.87whichexplainhowtheMasswascelebratedbytheearlyChurch.
B.ElementsoftheMass
• CCC1153-1162• Wordsandactions
o Words§ Wesayandexpresscertaintruthsthroughthewordsweuse.
• ReadingfromScripture.• Wordsofthepriest.• Wordsofthepeople.
§ Eachwordhasameaning.Whatwouldhappenifwebegantolistenmoretothem?o Ouractionsalsohavemeaning
§ WestandfortheGospelbecauseitismorethanimportantthantherest–itisanaccountofthelifeofJesusandthereforedeservesgreaterreverence.
§ WekneelduringtheconsecrationbecauseJesusiscomingdownfromheaven.§ ThepriestextendsoutwardhishandswhenprayingonbehalfoftheChurchtosymbolizethe
factthatherepresentsthewholeChurchinthatmoment.§ Thepriestextendshishandsdownwardandoverthebreadandwine,becausethisisasymbol
oftheHolySpiritcomingdown.• Thesamegestureof“layingonofhands”isusedinconfirmationandordinationstoHoly
OrdersasasymbolsoftheHolySpirit’sdescentonthatperson.
![Page 18: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
• Singingo Musichasapoweroverthesoul.Itmovesusinawaythatwordscannot.o Wordsbecomemoreeffectivewhentheyareplacedtosong.
§ Wesingthepsalmsbecausetheywerewrittenassongsoriginally.o Weshouldsing!o “Singingisprayingtwice.”(St.Augustine)o Thesongsshouldcomefromscriptureorliturgicalsources.
• HolyImageso TheyhelptoraiseourmindstoGod,toremindusofHim,ofMary,oftheSaints,ofeventsfromtheir
lives.• Allthesethingscometogethertoprovideuswitharichliturgythathelpsourheartsandmindsenterintothe
mysterythatistakingplace.C.LiturgyoftheWord
• TheLiturgyoftheWordo ThisconsistsofthebeginningoftheMasstothegeneralintercessionso ThisfocusesontheWordofGodo TheLectionary(thatcontainsthereadings)andtheBookoftheGospelarevenerated.
§ Theyareprocesseddowntheaisle.§ Theyareputinaprominentplaceonthealtar.§ Theyareprocessedwithcandlesandincense.
o Theamboorlectern–theplacefromwhichwereadthereadingsandtheGospel§ Why?–theWordshouldbereadfromaproperanddistinguishedplace
o Itshouldbereadwithdignity,audibly,andintelligibly.o ThehomilyextendstheproclamationbyexplainingandspeakingabouttheWordthatwasproclaimed.
• PartsoftheLiturgyoftheWord(seep.88-89fordescriptionsandexplanations)o Entranceo VenerationoftheAltaro PenitentialRiteo Gloriao Collecto ScriptureReadings(1st,Psalm,2nd,Gospel)o Homilyo ProfessionofFaith(Creed)o GeneralIntercessions(Petitions)
• Butthenthefocusshiftsfromthelecterntothealtar….D.LiturgyoftheEucharist
• TheLiturgyoftheEucharisto ConsistsofthepartoftheMassbeginningfromtheoffertory(presentationofthebreadandwine)to
theconsecrationtocommunion.o Wenoticethatthefocusofwhereweactuallyareturnsfromthelectern,wheretheWordis
proclaimed,tothealtar,wheretheliturgyoftheEucharistwilltakeplace.o TheliturgyoftheWordismeanttoprepareusfortheLiturgyoftheEucharist.o TheConsecration–themomentthatthebreadandwinebecometheBodyandBloodofJesus.o Communion–whenwephysicallyreceivetheBodyandBloodoftheLordintoourperson.
§ ThemomentwhenLoveHimselfcomesintoourveryperson,tounitedHimselfwithus.o SeeCCC1348-1355
• PartsoftheLiturgyoftheEucharist(seep.90-91forexplanationsanddescriptions)o PresentationoftheOfferings(Offertory)o EucharisticPrayer:
§ Thanksgiving§ Acclamation(SanctusorHoly,Holy,Holy)
![Page 19: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
§ Epiclesis§ InstitutionNarrativeandConsecration§ Anamnesis§ Offering§ Intercessions§ FinalDoxology
o CommunionRite:§ Lord’sPrayer(OurFather)§ RiteofPeace(SignofPeace)§ BreakingoftheBread§ AgnusDei(LambofGod)§ Communion
E.NamesfortheEucharist(seepage81-82inthetextbook)
• Eucharisto Comesfromwordeucharisteinwhichmeans‘givethanks’o Findsitsoriginsinthewordsoftheconsecration:“Whenhehadgiventhanks…”o St.IgnatiusofAntiochwasthefirsttousethistermin107AD.o Godgivesusthegreatestgift–Hisveryself.
§ Weoftendonotrecognizeitassuch,butthisisagreatandbeautifulmiracleoflove.o Theonlytrueresponsetoanunmeritedgiftisthanksgiving.
§ WhenwearetrulygratefulforthegiftofHimself,wedesiretoofferHimthegiftofourselvesinreturn.
§ Thisiswhathappensincommunion.HepresentsHimselfasLove,andweopenourheartsandbodiestoreceiveHim.
§ IfwearetrulygratefulandifwetrulyloveHim,wewillwanttoallowHimtochangeus,totransformus,tohealus.
• Lord’sSuppero BecauseofitsconnectiontotheLastSupper.o Alsoareferencetothe“WeddingFeastoftheLamb”thatistheheavenlybanquet.
§ Heavenwillbeaweddingbanquet,inwhichtheBridegroomisChrist,andtheBrideistheChurch.
§ ThisisanotherreasonwhySt.JohnPaulIIcallstheEucharist‘theSacramentoftheBridegroomandtheBride.”
• BreakingoftheBread(termfortheMass)o ThiswasthemostcommontermusedbytheEarlyChristiansafterPentecost.
• HolyCommuniono ItbringsusintocommunionwithChristandtheChurch,whichishisBody.
• HolyandDivineLiturgy(forMass)o MassisanactionoftheChurch
• HolyMasso ‘mass’comesfromtheLatinwordmittere,whichmeans‘tosendforth’.Thiscomesfromthelastwords
oftheMass,“Ite,missaest”,inwhichwearesentforth,transformedbytheEucharist,intotheworldtotransformit.
• BreadofAngels,BreadfromHeaven,MedicineofImmortalityo Withit,wereceivethespiritualgracesneedstoliveourChristianvocation.
• HolySacrificeorSacrificialMemorialo ItcompletesandbringstoperfectionthesacrificesoftheOldTestament.o EveryMassisaparticipationinthePascalMystery–thePassion,Death,andResurrectionofChrist.
§ ReadCCC1363o EverytimewecelebratetheEucharist,wegobacktoCalvary.o CCC1367–“ThesacrificeofChristandthesacrificeoftheEucharistareonesinglesacrifice:.."Andsince
inthisdivinesacrificewhichiscelebratedintheMass,thesameChristwhoofferedhimselfonceina
![Page 20: I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)splendoroffaith.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/4/7/6547413/notes... · 2020. 3. 16. · 1 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE EUCHARIST (CCC 1322-1419)](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051915/6006a36726380e2ce36943f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
bloodymanneronthealtarofthecrossiscontainedandisofferedinanunbloodymanner...thissacrificeistrulypropitiatory."
o Jesusisnotcrucifiedagain,butwearemysticallybroughttotheeventofthedeathandcrucifixionoftheJesus.
§ SinceHeiseternalandoutsideoftime,soishissacrifice.EachtimetheMassisoffered,themomentofCalvaryispresentonouraltar.
§ Whatdowedowhenwearethere?• Daydream?Remainindifferent?Notcare?Orallowourselvestoenterintotheevent?
o Thisisfullandactiveparticipation.§ Hehandshimselfoverforus,justasHedidattheLastSupperandthePassion.§ Hisbodyisbrokenonthealtar.
• Whenthepriestbreaksthebread.o WearealsopresentfortheResurrection.
§ WereceivetheresurrectedBodyofChrist–hislivingandgloriousBody.§ Hedesiresthatwe“rise”fromourwoundednessandfindnewlifeinHim.§ Hecomestoheal,restore,andbringhisjoyandpeace.
o WearealsopresentforPentecost§ Afterabout15minutes,theEucharisticBodyoftheLordceasestobeinus.
• ThisisliketheAscension.Heseemstoleaveus.§ However,HisphysicalpresenceisreplacedthepresenceoftheHolySpirit–justlikeat
Pentecost.