i* i. .v .. . status of nye county ventilation ...danko. 6 nye county department of natural...

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Nye County Departmentof Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Status of Nye County. I* .v I. .. ..

Ventilation Studies. . . , ,

George Danko,.1 . Davood Bahrami, UNR,[email protected]

John Walton, UTEP, walton~utep. eduNuclear Waste Technical Review Board

January 2004

Outline

* Natural draft ventilation concept.

* MJLTIFLUX code verification.

* Ventilation sensitivity study.

* Post-closure natural draft ventilation study.- An integrated thermo-hydraulic drift airflow model was

perpared for 5000 years of pre- and post-closure.- Post closure natural ventilation will occur.- Cold-trap condensation is seen at the drift ends in the

current design.- Design changes will be needed to eliminate

condensation.2 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

1Ij 'k,,t

, r '

What do we mean by ventilation?* Pre-closure ventilation and post-closure

air infiltration.* Concept:

- Enhance natural breathing of mountain'with rubble filled drifts or other means.,,

- Permanent, flow driven by waste heatinduced buoyancy.

- Combine with more flexible pre-closureventilation.

* Potential Advantages:Smaller repository footprint.,

- Lower temperatures.- Dryer, less condensation.- Lower cost.- Lower corrosion.- Improved drift shadow.

3 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Faciltes

MULTIFLUX

* Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoryporous/fractured-media flow and transport software model(NIJFT) as a module for simulating heat and moistureflows in the rock domain.

o Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) module for thesimulation of transport processes in the airway system,including the waste packages.

* Modules coupled on the-rock-air interface:- Heat and moisture flows are balanced at interface.- Temperature and vapor pressure equalized at each surface node.

* Developed by George Danko, University of Nevada, Reno.

4 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

,,r

is i

Code Verification (Benchmarking)

* Analytical solution of transient heat transfer from drift torock with heat conduction in rock.

* Boundary condition arbitrary function of time.* Carsiaw and Jaeger double integral solution.* Integrate along drift to give-two dimensional transient

solution.* Set parameters to maximize "action".* Excellent agreement between model and analytical

solution.* NWRPO-2003-05 Coupled Hydrothermal-Ventilation

Studies for Yucca Mountain Annual Report for April 2002- March 2003, George Danko.


Sensitivity Study

* What factors and parameters are most important?* Modify: ventilation rate, thermal conductivity (k),

heat transfer coefficient (h), heat capacity (pCP)* NWRPO-2003-05 Coupled Hydrothermal-

Ventilation Studies for Yucca Mountain AnnualReport for April 2002 - March 2003, GeorgeDanko.


E A Is

Sensitivity Study Conclusions

* Thermal loading does not change sensitivities.

* Ventilation rate:- Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity (density)

important at low flow rates (lower than 5 kg/s - 0.25m/s air velocity).

- Heat transfer coefficient important at high flow rates(higher than 1 kg/s 0.05 m/s air velocity).

* Thermal conductivity important and uncertain inlithophysal areas.


Post Closure Ventilation Simulation

* Simulates current DOE "hot" repository design.

* U-Tube assumption for buoyancy flow:- Cold air goes down Solitario Canyon Fault zone.- Warm air goes up Ghost Dance Fault Zone.- Single drift.

* Flow rates centered on USGS (Gary LeCain) permeability.

* Results for a range of flow rates following 50 years offorced ventilation.

* Highest flow rates illustrate enhanced natural draftventilation.


Repository

236

235

a0

:a234

233

232,

170 172 174Drift

studied Easting (kn) 5-

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal FacilitiesS9

Natural Ventilation Flow SystemAir infiltration

343

Ghost Dance

Not to scaleDimensions in m

Solitario Canyon


. I ,

; Infiltration Airflow Rates100 . . . . . . . . I . . . . . I .

I . .I . . . . . i i

10-1~

-;,,102

1o4

7

13. a- -

0 a i 3

0 0 0- I

o Medilun:-.- Balanced

- Low- - Very low1051 ,I - .I - . . . . .

1 102 103 1Time [year]

I - X wp.

1 1 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Air Infiltration: Low..

In-Drift Model: CFD-ConvectiveLocation: WP

Year 60 Year 750 Year 1500 Year 5000

140

_ 120 m ¢

2 100

o 80E

0 air flow60 Ib.

400 200 400 600

140 140 140

120 120 120

100 100 100

80 80 80

60 60 60

40 401 40800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

200 400 600 800onnI'U'-

0

x 150

cm per waste- 100

0 packageC0 50a08

00 200 400 600

Drft Length [ m ]

12

-i.11I

150

100

50

0 200 400 600 800

200

150

100

50

O ikk0 200 400 600 800

Dft Length m ]

100

80

60

40

20

0

200

150

100

50

0

0 200 400 600 800

n .__800 0 200 400 600 800

Drft Length [ m ]0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

,.

| He ;*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Air Infiltration: LowIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

Location: WP

Year 60 Year750 Year1500 Year5000

C)I

0.

21

E

140

120

100

80

60

An .

140

120

100

80

60

An .

140

120

100

80

60

A n

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100

80

8 60

W 40

20

n

. w

100

80

60

40

20

100

80

60

40

20

nI

0 200 400 600 800

200 .

(0

x 150U,

0,X 100.

aA 50.a0O'O 0

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [in]

13

0 200 400 600 8000 .- 20

io ~~~~~115

I 0 200 400 600 800

15

100

50

10

I0

;O

O0

0

zUU

150

100

50

00 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m I

51 S0 200 400 600 800

Drft Length [ n I0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m]


Air Infiltration: Low

Location: Drift wall

Year 60 Year 750

In-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Year 1500 Year 5000

140

O9 120

2 1004)a- 80EF 60

140

120

100

80

60

400 200 400 600 8000 200 400 600 800

100

80

0 60

W 40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200

I;10

4 50

Cq

00

0O-0

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length m

14

0 200 400 600 800

100

80

60

40

20

n

100 - _ .

80

60

40

20

n O0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 8

200 00

3uu

250

200

150

100

50

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length I m I

200

150

100

50

1501

100

50'

0 ~~0 200 400 600 800

Drft Length I m ]

I

.

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length I m I


.-

Air Infiltration: Balanced (best estimate of anticipated flow rate)

Location: WPIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Year 60

140

o0120

-100

0CL 80E ..

I- 60 :

40 -

S ^ n n o

Year 750 Year 1500 Year 5000

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

4U . 4UH' 4U ']

U ZUU 4UU vUU 8UU - I 200 400 600 8( 10 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

- 100

80

* 60

W 40

20

0 0 200 400 600 800

100

80

60

40

20

0, 0, 200 400 600 800

200

150

100

50

n

100

80

60

40

20 .

0.0 200 400 600 800

200 .

150

0 200 400 600 800

100

50 F200

150

100

50

. . .

*L LILu 3ni _ - I n aA _n I *0 200 400 600 -800

Drift Length m I0 . 2u- 0 400 600 800 0 - 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 `5

fift Length [m ] Dft Length m ] Drift Length [ m ] .

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities w15

Air Infiltration: BalancedIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

Location: WAP


140

°P 120G-

= 100

@ 80E.

i 60

140 140 140

120 120 120

100 100 100

0 80 0

60 60 60

40 40 400 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200' 400 600 800

4'J200 400 600 8'

100

80

60

a: 40

20

n _

100

80

60

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

2 0 0 , -- I

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200-r

200 400 600 800 200 400 600 800---̂

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150

100

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150

100

50

1501

1001

501

nI0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m ]

O _0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m ]

o-, . 0

0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m ]0 200 400 600 800

Drft Length [ m ]

16 16Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

.%

Air Infiltration: BalancedIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Location: Drift wall

Year60 Year750 Year1500 Year5000

. 140

o 12002 100I!aC. 80

,F 60

40

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

AnI

140

120

100

80

60

410 ,

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100 100

80 '80

$ 60 60

' 40 40

20 20

0 00 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600. 800

200 300

250x 150.4 200

;-100 150d)100

(U 50 i 50O. _ __ __ .._0~~~~~~~~5

Ua

I C

4

10

30

n

UU

80

60

40

20

n0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

Nu

150

100

50

U U WI#0 200 400 600 800

Drft Length [m I0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

DOi Length[m] D DOLengthImI Dft LengthImI

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities17

Air Infiltration: MediumIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Location: WP


140

Z9 120a.2 100C)X. 80EI 60

400 200 400 600 800

140

120

100

60

An

Year 5000

140

120

100

80

60

400 200 400 600 8000 200 400 600 800

100

80

R 60

a 40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200

x 150(ncm

n 100C)

fuA

a 50C0

00 200 400 600 800

Drft Length [ n ]

18

100

80

60

40

20

0 200 400 600 8C

200

150

100

50

.

1c

4

10

10

Q

00 200 400 600 800

2001

100*

60

40

20

0I0 200 400 600 800

200

150

100

50

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ n]

150

100

50

Li

.

0 200 400 600 800Dift Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m ]


I P

d9,

Air Infiltration: High

Location: WP In-Drift Model: CFD-Convective


140

Z 120

2 1001!

ax 80

60

I 200 400 600 81

140

120

100

80

60

400 tzlZL

0 200 400' 600 800 P 200 400 600 800

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2015

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0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800Dnft Length [ m ] Dift Length [m] Drft Length [ mJ I

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal FacilitiesI,19

Relative Humidity and CondensateFormation

* Condensation predicted on downstream drift walland waste packages.

* Condensation disappears at higher flow rates.* Condensation decreases with decreasing

maximum temperatures.* Refined convective air flow pattern required to see

correct condensate formation.* Best viewed as engineering design challenge.


. * .S

;W # X


Condensation predicted on downstream drift walland waste packages.

* Condensation disappears at higher flow rates.

* Conden's-ation decreases with decreasingmaximum temperatures.

* -Re fed convective air flow pattern required to seecorrect condensate formation.

* Best viewed as engineering design challenge.

21 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Faciltes

Summary

* Natural draft ventilation occurs with and withoutenhancement.

* Design changes will be needed to minimizecondensation.

* Active and passive ventilation can be optimized toreduce condensation and lower averagetemperatures:

- Run fans longer and/or faster?

- Enhance natural ventilation?- Modify thermal loading?


1.

Future Activities

We will.continue to contribute subject toconstraints with Nye County and UNkcooperation.

* Future studies:How to eliminate condensation?

funding

- Effects of partial roof collapse with air movementabove rubble.Effects of cold repository design.

- Effects of barometric.pressure pumping.- Will condensate at drift wall drip or imbibe into rock?- Can W-Ps be compartmentalized with alternative

emplacement design?- We are open to suggestions.

(

23 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal FacilitiesA

I

Additional Support Material

.25 Nyc County Departmentof Natural Resources and Federal Facla

Benchmark Geometry

26 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities A.. .. . . ..

, .

1.

Wall Temperature Comparison

1--27 Nye Couny Depanment of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities WM#

MULTIFLUX Compared with the ANSYS-basedVentilation Model (BSC)

P. .. "Nu, .,u 9t-K

r . . . . . ... _ ,r _ -j" 1 \ Y tkAk kx V inktfA

Il ,i"Y f VI N 1 tJt I - 1 i t= i i_ I! / Z

N3 - / 1.. I

I . S S a a-N

I U * s * a I S a a * * , .I-N

Imi MD&$

Source: CAL-EBS-MD-000030 REV OID. p. 76

-

28 Nyc County Deparnmet of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities w

2

5 kg/s Air Flow Results

10

1.0

-.20-

-30-

rz~~~~~~~~~~~~~- k--Z0, h-l.89 , 254e40 _ - 2.0. f 3, p=2540

..50 _- =1.6. h1.89.p=25d.......... k= 1.2, IF- 1 .89. p=254~_- 2.0. h 1.89. p= 19C

10o 10 10' 102The [year]

29 Nye County Departrnent of Natural Resources a

10

2i Federal Facilities

Panel 5 with the mountain-scale rockmass domain

Water table a t

Nye County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Faclities. 30

3.

Waste Package Emplacement Sequence

8 wastepackages

Enlarged drift

segment

31 X Nye County Departnment ofNatural Resources and Federal Faclites

Ajr Infiltration: Very low

Temperatures, and Relative lumidities

Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFT

Moisture Model: Robust-Approximate

In-DriftModel: CFD-Convecdve

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-ais near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wall temperature difference; and

(h) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space

Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities32

4


Temperatures, and Relative Humidities




* Wall temperature; (b) WaU relative humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near waU relative humidity; (e) WaU-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wall temperature difference; and(h) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space

33 \1 .. Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities W

Air Infiltration: Balanced


Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFr



* WaU temperature (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperture difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-waU temperature difference; and



5

Air Infiltration: Mfedium

Temperatures, and Rclative Humidities

Thermal Model: NTC-N=FT


In-DriftModel: CFD-Convective

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity. (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wat temperature difference; and


Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities (35

Air Iniltration: Irgh


Thermal Model: NTC-NLTFr



* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near 'P temperature difference;(O Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-waU temperature difference; and

(h) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space 0

Rye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Fadlti (36

6

Air Infiltration: Very low

. Parameter: Condensates

- . Thernal Model: NTCF-NUFI

; Moisture Model: Robust-Approximate

-In-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

(a) (b) (e)

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation.

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facbties37


Parameter: Condensates




(a)

-- 4

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation. .,

Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facditia38

7

Air Inliltration: Balanced


Thermal Model: NTCE-NUFr


In-Drift Model: CFD-Convecdve

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP. (e) condensate variation.

39 Nyc County Department of Naturol Resources and FederalFaIns

Air Iniltration: Mfedium


(a)

Thermal Model: NTC-NUFT



(b) (e)

-- , --- . T-

wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,

(d) mist near *VP, (e) condensate variation.

._.. 'rJ

:__ -**-_ .* j

-1 -rl r2: v

- IS-


.

8

Air Infiltration: High Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFTP Moisture Model: Robust-Approximate

Parameter: CondensatesIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

(a) (b) (e)

i.. I -. ......

_- -- * * .. e I'*J -w

74' I - -- r

wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation.

41 Nye County Department of Narural Resources and Federal Facies a

Thermal Model: NTC-NUFTAir Initration: Very low

Temperatures, and Relative Huimidities Moisture Model: Robust-ApproximateIn-Drift Model: CD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

. . ... . .(b)) .'

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WP relative humidity distributions time and space

42 Nyc County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Facilites (

9'

Air In:

Tempt

a4

fi ltration: Low Thennal Model: NTCF-NUFI

Tem eratures, and Relative Humi s Moisture Model: Robust-ApproximateIn Drift Model: CID-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

* -.-.. .....

'X ;~~~~~~~~~~~~4Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity.

(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space

43 Nyc County Drpartment ofNatural Resources and Federal Facilities

Air nEaltration: Balanced

Temperatures, and Relative lumidities



In-Dift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emuladon)

__ _

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air rlative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WP relative humidity distributions in tine and space

Nyc County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Facilities44

10

Air Infiltration: Mledium


Tbermal Model: NTCF-NUFI


In-Drift Model: C-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

45

*. i.t

__~

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-waD temperature difference; and (f0 WP relative humidity distributions in time and space 7

\ * I Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Air nfiltration: High


Tbermal Model: NTCF-NUFr


In-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

eEI

-- -~~~*4-

* Wall temperture; (b) Wal relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-waD temperature difference; and ( WPrelative humidity distributions in time and space

s f b


11.

Air Infiltration: Very low Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFI

Parameter: Condensates Moisture Model: Robust-ApproximateIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

, - * '-'" '1 (a) -

'~~~~~ *.- :: .

wall condensate. (b) WP condensate, (c) mist(d) condensate variation.

:. - . . .. .. (b)

,.. . .. ( )

()

n I h .1z

47 N .. Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Air Inlrtration:

Parameter: Con

Low Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFrdeasates Moisture Model: Robust-Approximate


(d)

(C) '.1.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .1 T ! :a.. :'t.

_ s_! ,| ,p,} - 4 lj 4x i. .. .

isate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist

variation.

Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

* wall conder(d) condensate i

48---------

12

n



f~~~~~~~~~rl~~~~~~1

- .4 ~ _9

hermal Model: NTCF-NUFT

loisture Model: Robust-Approximate

i-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Esnulation)

p-._ i,..1: .. ...1: ; is

--. ..

:..- . . ...

."- *.,. . ,

(b)

~.

-- " (d)

i.. �.'A .� -1---"i .. --'i

__"

* wall condensate, (b) %'P condensate, (c) mist(d) condensate variation.

49 R ye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilides V

Air Iniltration: Medium



Moisture Model: Robust-Approxunate

In-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Esulation)

- l�--�

I: ....iI.A

(c)

~-" (d)I �LUL..* -I. ' I

-t.-I �

�

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist(d) condensate variation.

. NyeCountyDepartmentofNatural Resources and Federa Facilitiesi50

13

Air Wnlltration. high Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFrMoisture Model: Robust-Approxiinate

Parameter: CondensatesIn Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

(~~~~~) - ~~~~~~~(b)

-1--t|1| 1 Az>(c)

*: . :.:.' . .; -:i : , i ~~~~. ....... ..4:-- ti . .. ..... .3

_b_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i i '-l

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate. (c) mist(d) condensate variation.

51 e Nyc County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Facities

Alternative, Compartmentalized Waste Package Emplacement with Post-ClosureBackfill and Air Cell Recirculation

I backfill/ Conical fitanisen

Dry stoage

,a

Nyc County Departroent of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities t52 Not to scale

14

Nye CountyDepartment--of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Status of Nye County Ventilation Studies

George Danko, Davood Bahrami, UNR,[email protected]

John Walton, UTEP, waltongutep.eduNuclear Waste Technical Review Board

January 2004

Outline

* Natural draft ventilation concept.

* MULTIFLUX code verification.

* Ventilation sensitivity study.

* Post-closure natural draft ventilation study.- An integrated thermo-hydraulic drift airflow model was

perpared for 5000 years of pre- and post-closure.- Post closure natural entilation will occur.- Cold-trap condensation is seen at the drift ends in the

current design.- Design changes will be needed to eliminate

condensation.2 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

What do we mean by ventilation?* Pre-closure ventilation and post-closure

air infiltration.* Concept:-

- Enhance natural breathing of mountainwith rubble filled drifts or other means.

- Permanent, flow driven by 'waste heatinduced buoyancy.'

- Combine with' more flexible pre-closureventilation.

* Potential Advantages:- Smaller repository footprint.- Lower temperatures.- Dryer, less condensation.- Lower cost.- Lower corrosion.- Improved drift shadow.'


MULTIFLUX

* Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoryporous/fractured-media flow and transport software model(NUFT) as a module for simulating heat and moistureflows in the rock domain.

* Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) module for thesimulation of transport processes in the airway system,including the waste packages.

* Modules coupled on the-rock-air interface:- Heat and moisture flows are balanced at interface.- Temperature and vapor pressure equalized at each surface node.

* Developed by George Danko, University of Nevada, Reno.


Code Verification (Benchmarking)

* Analytical solution of transient heat transfer from drift torock with heat conduction in rock.

*i Boundary condition arbitrary function of time.* Carslaw and Jaeger double integral solution.* Integrate along drift to give two dimensional transient,

solution. I

* Set parameters to maximize "action".* Excellent agreement between model and analytical

solution.* NWRPO-2003-05 Coupled Hydrothermal-Ventilation

Studies for Yucca Mountain Annual Report for April 2002- March 2003, George Danko.


Sensitivity Study

* What factors and parameters are most important?

* Modify: ventilation rate, thermal conductivity (k),heat transfer coefficient (h), heat capacity (pCp)

* NWRPO-2003-05 Coupled Hydrothermal-Ventilation Studies for Yucca Mountain AnnualReport for April 20&2 - March 2003, GeorgeDanko.


. -.

S. E

Sensitivity-Study Conclusions

* Thermal''loading does not change sensitivities.* Ventilation rate:

- Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity (density)important at low flow rates (lower than 5 kg/s 0.25m/s air velocity).

- Heat transfer coefficient important at high flow rates(higher than 1 kg/s 0.05 m/s air velocity).

* Thermal conductivity important and uncertain inlithophysal areas.


Post Closure Ventilation Simulation

* Simulates current DOE "hot" repository design.* U-Tube assumption for buoyancy flow:

- Cold air goes down Solitario Canyon Fault zone.- Warn air goes up Ghost Dance Fault Zone.- Single drift.

* Flow rates centered on USGS (Gary LeCain) permeability.* Results for a range of flow rates following 50 years of

forced ventilation.* Highest flow rates illustrate enhanced natural draft

ventilation.

8 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities,

d .

Repository

. 236

235

I 234

233

232

170 172 174Drift

studied Easting (kn)


Natural Ventilation Flow SystemAik inffiltration A i S face

r '0 43- G

I Ghost DanceI I I \

I

Not to scaleDimensions in m

Solitario Canyon


Infiltration Airflow Rates100

10'

'-4M. 2

M1, 10-

Pa .4-

d 10,3

104

-*-Higlh

-a- Mediun-e Balanced-0- Low-- Very low

---- ---------- S I I I 10 s1 10I 102 103 i 4

Time [year]

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal FacilitiesS11

Air Infiltration: LowIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Location: WP


140

o 120

2 100

C. 80Ea6F 60

600#0 IIJI~ll I IIa … I

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

40

140

120

100

80

60air flow

40j .

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 200 400 600 800

100

80

a 60I

W 40

20

0C

200<0

x 150u

- 100

,

o 50C0C.

100

80

60

40

20

O0 200 400 600 8

200r800 0 200 400 600 800

--- ,

00

I- zuo .

per waste

package

150

100

50

200

150

100

50

I L,,

150

100

50

Ik nn oi _

00 200 400 600

Drift Length [ m I800 0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length [ m ]0 200 400 600 800

DOrif Length [ m I0 200 400 600

Drift Length [ m 800


I. s .

4.

Air Infiltration: LowIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

Location: WP

Year 60

140

o 120

100

C. 80E

60

400 200 400 600 . 800

100

80

60

a .40

20

00 200 400 600 800

2001 -


140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

.. I __ . . 4 I.tU.0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100

80

60

40

20

n

Innu- _

7 -80

60

40

20

0

<D10

x 150(h

*t 100

a 50C0C.)

0

.I

0 200 400 600 800

200 ,

150 .,

100

50

00 200 400 600 800

- Drift Length [ m ]

200 400 600 800

200 r

1501

0 200 400 600 800

1001

150

100

50

0 0 200 400 600 800

. . Drift Length [ m ]

501

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m

O I0 200 400 600 800- Drift Length [ m ]



Location: Drift wall- In-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Year60 Year750 Year1500 Year5000

140

o 120

i 100

C. 80E

F 60

140

120

100

80

60

400 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

I

lI

X 1Ce

1

C.)a

To

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 ~~~~~00 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600. 800

!00 300

250ISO

200

100 150

10050

50

0 00 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

DRft Length[m Dnft Length[m]

140

120

100

80

60

4010 200 400 600 800

100

80

6Q

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200r -

4U 200 400 600 8(

100 - _ . . .

80

60

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

nn.. -

10

140

120

100

80

60

150

100

50. . . _

ImmSRif j Or I a qrm - .

200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800Dnft Length[m] Drift Length[mI


I

Air Infiltration: Balanced (best estimate of anticipated flow rate)

Location: WPIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective


140 RII I . 140

o 120 120

E 100 100100

0a 80 80

06 60 - 60

40 400 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100

. 80

7 60

W 40

20

n

100

80 .

60

40

. 20 .

n

100

80

60

40

20

nI .'L _

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

200 - 200 , . "I

x 150 150.TIm

- 100 ; 100c

CCD 50 50C0U

n n

U-0. 200 400 600 800

on^

0 200 400 600 80015^1

"UUI -I

150

100

50

00 200 400 600 800

Dri Length [ m I

'uu I

150

100

50

n k k k0 200 400 600: 800

Drift Length [ m ]200 400 600 800Drill Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800. Drill Length m


Air Infiltration: BalancedIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)Location: WP


0

10.

E4)

1

1

1

40 140 . 140

20 120 120

00 100 100

80 80 80

60 60 60

40 40 400 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200' 400 600 800

100

80

"R 60

Q 40

20

100

80

60

40

20

0n 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100

80

60

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200

150

100

50

(1

011I. 200 ZUUr

(O

1 15IDx 150cm

- 100(a

c41 50C00

150 150

100100

50 50[

II I a u _ If ,

0 200 400 600 800Dnft Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800Dnft Length [ m I

0 200 400 600 800Drft Length [ m I


... ,


Location: Drift wallIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Year750 Year 5000Year60

140

oZ 120

2 100

ECL 80

0 .60I

AM I

Year1500

140

120

100

80

60

An . . ...

140

120

100

80

60

A n

0

- 100

80

R 60Ii

: 40

20

00

200 400 600 800 .0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

100

80

60

. 40

20

100

80

60

40

20

___ A . . -- - 0 _1-1-60 U'

200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 10

10

x.0

a)C

_

a)

C0U.

2UU

150

100 ' ,

50

0

.?uu -

250

200

150

100

50

200

150

100

50

1501

zUU f

1001

501

A4, ' -P0 200 400. 600

Drift Length [m800

0 ..... J*0_ O. o' ''-' " V I J0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

Drift Length[mI Drift Length[mI Drift Length.m ]


Air Infiltration: MediumIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Location: WP


140

°. 120aCD 100

. 80E

F 60

40

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

140

120

100

80

60

401 200 400 600 81

40 40 .

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 O

100

80

" 60

40

20

0

200I;

X 1500)

-100C01

' 50

C.)0

18

18

0 200 400 600 8C

100

80

60

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200, I

1c

4

10

10

0

!021

100~

80*

60

40

20

00 200 400 600 800

200, I

I0 0 200 400 600 800

150

100

150

100

50

A iL,50

n' I n n

0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800Ddft Length [ m ]

0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800Drift Length [ m Drift Length [ m ]

Nye County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Facilities


Location: WP In-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

Year60 Year750 Year1500 . Year5000

140

( 120

*" 100C)

0E

60

40

1201

1001

� I .I 80

60 ZO_1106��200 400 600 800

401' X 401 J.I 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800

OR

100 .- . -

80

60 - - - -

40

20 - I

00 200 .400. 600 _8C

2001 I

100 . , II . I

80

- 60 - I -

40

- 20

0I0 0 200 400 600 80

. ,

* ,- 100

80

. 60

40

20

100

80

601

* 40

20-�

0 I O0 0 200 400 600 800 0

200, . I 200r(D

150x 150

- 100

C* oC

0n

200

150

100

I . - i

I - I .

7 . ... 1.

i

200 400 600 800.. .. . . .

150

100

50

150

1001

50

n .

50

*1 1n

0 200 400 600 800Drft Length [m I

0 2(C00 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800Iift Length[mI Dlft Lengthfm] Dift Length[m 1 I

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities l19



* Condensation disappears at higher flow rates.* Condensation decreases with decreasing

maximum temperatures.* Refined convective air flow pattern required to see

correct condensate formation.* Best viewed as engineering design challenge.

20 Nye CountyDepartment of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities W

A..,..

, .



* Condensation disappears at higher flow rates.

* Condensation decreases with decreasing -

maximum temperatures.

- Refined convective air flow pattern required to seecorrect condensate formation.

* Best viewed as engineering design challenge.

21 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilties

Summary

* Natural draft ventilation occurs with and without

enhancement.

* Design changes will be needed to minimizecondensation.

* Active and passive ventilation can be optimized to

reduce condensation and lower averagetemperatures:

- Run fans longer and/or faster?

- Enhance natural ventilation?

- Modify thermal loading?


. . , Ie .

V

Future Activities

* We will-continue to- contribute subj ect to fundingconstraints, with Nye County and UNRcooperation.

* Future studies:.- How to eliminate condensation?

Effects of partial roof collapse with air movementabove rubble.

- Effects of cold repository design.- Effects of barometric.pressure pumping.- Will condensate at drift wall drip or imbibe into rock?- Can WPs be compartmentalized with alternative

emplacement design?- We are open to suggestions.


.1. t, .1

Additional Support Material

25 Nye County Deparment ofNatural Resources and Federal Faie

Br G .

Bench-mark Geometry

26 Nye County Departrment ofNatural Resources and Federal Fa dlis

1

Wall Temperature Comparison

21

L1 m

20. .

20.'

20.2

3o0 NIUMO FT,~nJdI371E.

1r.~~~~~ /. .yo~ .W:kSx_ _0 .

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2-5 3 3.5

27 Nye County Department of Naural Resources and Federal Facitzues

MULTIFLUX Compared with the ANSYS-basedVentilation Model (BSC)

Y _ _ _ _ _ _ t o/40** la I 2 . I -,*, -2. _ _ _ . L ' ,k I I V , r _

1g-''~~~_ j~, *W*M.I 1 - zz';

Sourcc: CAL-EBS-MD-00R30 REV OOD, p.p76

28 Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

2

5 kg/s Air Flow Results

Time Iyear]

29 NY= County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Fal

3,

Waste Package Emplacement Sequence

8 waste

packages

Enlarged drift

segment

31 Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities O

Ar Inliltraton: Very low


Thermal Model: NTC-NUFI


In.DriftModel: CFD-Convective

* , Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-xir near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wall temperature difference; and(h) WP relative humidity distributions in dme and space


4

Air Inriltration: Low





_ , .,

*- Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference-(d) Air near wal relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wall temperature difference; and

(h) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space._U3. .

33 Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Faciznes (X ..



'hermal Model: NTCF-NUFr



- -.- . - - - - - - - -

* . Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wal-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-wal temperature difference; and


34 Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities OI

5

Air Infiltration: Medium


Thermal Model: NTCF.NUFT


in-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

__ . - - __ I - -

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humiditr (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference'(d) Air near wall relative humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity; (g) WP-waU temperature difference; and(h) WP reladve humidity distributions in dime and space

Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Focies , 735

Akirlnfiltration: ligh


Thermal Model: NTC-NUFT



__

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall reladve humidity; (c) Wall-air near wall temperature difference;(d) Air near wall reladve humidity; (e) Wall-air near WP temperature difference;(f) Air near WP relative humidity, (g) WP-wall temperature difference; and(h) WP reladve humidity distributions in time and space

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Fcilitiea 3B

6

Air Inridtration: Very low - Thermal Model: NICF-NUFIMoisture Model: Robust-Approxinate

Paramneter: CondensatesIn-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

r (a) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ () e

V~~~~~~

4;-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~-


37 Nye County Department of Noural Resources and Federa Faclities

Air Infiltrationf Low -- Tbermal Model: NTCF-NUFT

Parameter: Condensates Moisture Model: Robust-Approxirnate'l-Drift Model: CFD-Convective

(a) (b) (e)

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :- :lti: -

W. . r _Wom

wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation.

38 Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

7



Ihermal Model: NTCF-NUFT




\- Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Fad ia e39

Air Iniltration: Medium


mnal Model: NTCF-NUFr

4sture Model: Robust-Approximate

Drift Model: CFD-Convective

(e)(a) (b)

_|_"

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation. I sc

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities 40

8



Tbermal Model: NTCF-NUFT


In-Drift Model: CFDConvective .

(a) (b) (e)

3**-----i�t'�-*

4 :11-IIt

'*1* �'

* I-

* wall condensate, (b) WP condensate, (c) mist near wall,(d) mist near WP, (e) condensate variation. I

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facities .41

Air Infiltration: Very low


Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFI


In-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulauon)

__-

* WaU temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; .(c) Wall-air temperature difference: (d) Air relative humidity; - .(e)WP-walltemperaturedifference; and (f)WPreladve humiditydistributions intimeandspace


9.



Thermal Model: NTCr-NIJFT



U

F

43

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WP relative humidity distributions in time and space

Nyc County Departme ntf Natural Resources and Federal Facilitis e

Air Intiltration: Balanced


Thermal Model: NTCF-INJFr


In-Drift Model: CD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

_b_

* Wall temperature; (b) Wal relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WPreladve humidity distribudons in time and space,

Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilitis44

10

Air Infiltration: Medium


'Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFI


In-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emuladon)

1'I'

I

45

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity; (c) Wall-airtemperature difference; (d) Airrelative hunidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (f) WPrelative humidity distributions inD me and space

Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities

Air Infiltration: ligh

Temperatures, and Relative Hlumidities



In-Drift Model: CFh-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

__

* Wall temperature; (b) Wall relative humidity;(c) Wall-air temperature difference; (d) Air relative humidity;(e) WP-wall temperature difference; and (fl WPrelative humidity distributions in time and space

46 Nye County Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Faclities

Air Iniltration: Very low




In-Drift Model: C -Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

II-

I: 1�------� �I: ¶

,.. . (b)

. . . -

;W .....

.- I_.

, !

._ !.. .. ! .,¢t :::Xr :. -.1

.11. ;:.i'l- I.Lz

__e~~~-' '-~------ __I _ ______


Nye County Deparrment of Narural Resources and Federal Faciliis47

Air Inriltration: Low




In-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulatdon)


Nyc County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facilities )48

12

Air Infiltration: Balanced Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFTMoisture Model: Robust-Approximate

Parameter: CondensatesIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

(- d)

wall condensate (b) WP condensate (c) mist

(d) condensate variation.

49 . Nye Cowiy Department of Natura Resources and Federal Faci itiei

Air nriltration: Mediutm Thermal Model: NTCF-NUFrMoisture Model: Robust-Approximate

Parameter: CondensatesIn-Drift Model: CFD-Diffusive (Porous Media Emulation)

wall condnsate (ab WPcndnat c)ms

(d) l condensvrat,()ion nenae ()ms

so Nye Countyi Department ofNatural Resources and Federal Fclte

Air Infiltration: high


I- . ...

__ :

Thermal Model: NTCP-NUFT



(a) .. .". ,..-

. (b)

" (d)

..

(c)

1�

1:1 :11i : t _II _ '*' .I~ i* _'~ , _

__te


Nye County Department of Natural Resources and Federal Facliles51

Alternative, Compartmentalized Waste Package Emplacement with Post-ClosureBackfill and Air Cell Recirculation

Nye County Departrent of Natural Resources and Federal Facztks;5Nut to stal

14

i* i. .v .. . status of nye county ventilation ...danko. 6 nye county department of natural...

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